CN115283265B - Method for separating waste batteries from household garbage - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of garbage treatment, and discloses a method for separating waste batteries from household garbage, which aims to solve the problem that the existing garbage screening equipment cannot screen the waste batteries, so that the waste batteries and other garbage are treated together, and the environment is polluted greatly. The method comprises a screening device, and the separation of the waste batteries by using the screening device comprises the following steps: (1) conveying domestic garbage into a screening device; (2) The barrel of the screening device is driven to rotate, and the packaging bags in the household garbage are cut and crushed so that the household garbage is exposed in the barrel; (3) The domestic garbage is separated by using different centrifugal forces generated by different types of domestic garbage, so that the waste batteries are collected from the domestic garbage. Therefore, the waste batteries are treated in a centralized manner, and the problem of great environmental pollution caused by the treatment of the waste batteries and other garbage is solved.

Description

A method for separating waste batteries from domestic waste

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of garbage treatment, and in particular relates to a method for separating waste batteries from household garbage.

Background technique

Waste batteries are mainly divided into primary dry batteries, secondary dry batteries (rechargeable batteries) and lead-acid batteries. Dry batteries are widely used in people's lives. The main harmful substances of dry batteries are metal elements such as cadmium, manganese, zinc, and mercury. Scientific investigations show that an ordinary battery can pollute 600,000 liters of water after it is discarded into nature, which is equivalent to the water consumption of a person in a lifetime. Whether used dry batteries are in the atmosphere or buried deep in the ground, their heavy metal components will overflow with seepage. Cause groundwater and soil pollution, accumulate over a long period of time will seriously endanger human health. Based on this, citizens are also encouraged to put batteries separately, just like the trash cans beside the road, all of which are equipped with waste battery discharge ports, so as to facilitate the centralized treatment of waste batteries and reduce the harm caused by waste batteries to the environment.

Although garbage dumps will also use manual or equipment screening, some waste batteries are mixed with other small garbage, and manual screening often leads to omissions. Moreover, the existing garbage screening and crushing equipment does not have the function of screening batteries.

For example, the patent application number CN201810953528.9 discloses a pretreatment system for domestic waste, including a multi-functional manual sorting belt conveyor for picking out large items, glass and metal objects, and the remaining waste enters the domestic waste Bag breaking and breaking device; domestic waste bag breaking and breaking device, used to take out the garbage from the packaging bag and break it up and send it to the domestic waste crusher; domestic waste crusher, used to crush the garbage and send it to the domestic waste drum sieve; household garbage drum screen, used to send the underscreen obtained from garbage screening to the domestic garbage air separation separation device; The system uses manual sorting, and when the belt conveyor is transported quickly, there are problems of omissions and obstructions that prevent screening.

For example, the patent with the application number CN201910078511.8 discloses a household garbage sorting device, which drives the motor so that the household garbage is transported into the box during the rotation of the No. At the same time, through the mutual cooperation between the electromagnetic block, the magnetic rack and the No. 1 gear, the No. 1 shaft rotates, and the crushing unit crushes the domestic garbage, and through the air blowing unit and the crushing unit. Cooperate with each other to realize the re-sorting of domestic waste, thereby improving the effect of domestic waste sorting. This device also only sieves the iron material through the electromagnetic block, and cannot sieve the waste battery.

For example, the patent application No. 201510972972.1 discloses a source classification method of domestic waste and a sorting integrated machine, which consists of a dump hoist, a single-axis bag breaking machine, a hanging iron remover, a primary feeding belt, a primary air separator, and a secondary air separator. Consists of stage feed belt, secondary air separator, air separator box, centrifugal fan, rotary screen, biomass crushing separator, compression baler, No. 1 receiving box, No. 2 receiving box, and No. 3 collecting box. The device uses a bag breaking machine to crush garbage bags, then uses a hanging iron remover to screen iron products, and finally uses winnowing to sort garbage. This equipment still cannot screen waste batteries.

Another example is the patent application number CN201910739164.9, which discloses a process method for fine classification, sorting and pretreatment of domestic waste, including the following steps: (a) bag breaking, and the domestic waste is first processed through bag breaking; (b) single-stage Sieving, after step (a) the domestic garbage after bag breaking is sieved by an 80mm drum into an oversize material larger than 80mm and an undersize material smaller than 80mm; (c) RDF extraction, after step (b) the undersize material smaller than 80mm RDF is extracted by RDF extraction equipment to obtain wet RDF flocs and a slurry containing perishable organic matter, sediment, inorganic particles and water with a particle size of less than 20 mm; After sieving, the sieves larger than 80mm are crushed; (e) RDF multi-stage cleaning, the wet RDF flocs obtained after step (c) RDF extraction, and the sieves larger than 80mm after step (d) crushing The upper material is cleaned in multiple stages by RDF cleaning equipment to obtain dehydrated RDF crude product and RDF cleaning slurry; (f) RDF air separation, the RDF crude product obtained after step (e) cleaning and dehydration is air selected to obtain refined RDF and metal . The device uses a drum screen for screening, but the bag breaker can only crush the outer garbage bags, but in actual domestic garbage, there are often multiple small packaging bags in a garbage bag, and the inner small bags cannot be broken. The packaging bags are broken, and the used batteries are leaked through the screening drum along with other smaller garbage, and are processed together with other smaller garbage.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problem that the existing waste screening equipment cannot screen waste batteries and cause waste batteries to be treated together with other wastes to cause relatively large pollution to the environment, the present invention provides a method for separating waste batteries from domestic waste, which can improve The effect of garbage screening is to screen out used batteries from garbage, so that used batteries can be treated in a centralized manner, which avoids the problem of greater environmental pollution caused by the treatment of used batteries and other garbage together.

For solving technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

A method for separating waste batteries from domestic waste, characterized in that it includes a screening device, and using the screening device to separate waste batteries includes:

(1) Transport domestic waste into the screening device;

(2) Drive the cylinder of the screening device to rotate and cut and break the packaging bags in the domestic waste so that the domestic waste is exposed in the cylinder;

(3) Use the different centrifugal forces generated by different types of domestic waste to separate the domestic waste and collect waste batteries from the domestic waste.

In some embodiments, the screening device includes a body on which a cylinder is installed, the cylinder is in the shape of a trumpet with a large upper end and a small lower end, and a driving motor for driving the cylinder to rotate is installed on the body , the cylinder is provided with a conveying mechanism for inputting domestic garbage into the cylinder, the upper section of the cylinder is equipped with a sealing cover, and the upper part of the cylinder is provided with a first output port for outputting waste batteries, The cylinder body is equipped with a second output port for outputting fine garbage, and the cylinder body above the first output port is provided with a third output port for outputting other garbage.

In some embodiments, the cylinder includes an upper cylinder and a lower cylinder, and a middle cylinder capable of rotating between the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder is installed between the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder, The middle cylinder body is provided with a feeding port for communicating with the feeding mechanism and for inputting domestic garbage into the cylinder body, the feeding port is arranged along the tangential direction of the middle cylinder body, and the inner wall of the middle cylinder body There are several first cutting blades for cutting the packaging bag, the lower end of the upper cylinder and the upper end of the lower cylinder are provided with annular mounting grooves, and the upper and lower ends of the middle cylinder are equipped with holes for deep A ring-shaped installation support that enters the installation groove, the second cutting blade is installed on the installation support, and the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder are provided with a knife edge for extending the second cutting blade.

In some embodiments, the mounting support is ring-shaped, and a number of second cutting blades are hinged on the side of the mounting support facing the knife edge, and a spring is installed on the other end of the second cutting blade, and the spring One end of the spring is connected to the second cutting blade, and the other end of the spring is connected to the mounting support so that the second cutting blade is obliquely installed on the mounting support; the first cutting blade is obliquely arranged in the middle on the inner wall of the barrel, and the inclination directions of the first cutting blade and the second cutting blade are opposite.

In some embodiments, sliding grooves are provided at the upper end and the lower end of the knife edge in the installation groove, and a sliding plate capable of sliding in the sliding groove is installed in the sliding groove. A return spring is installed between them so that the upper and lower slide plates in the installation groove can jointly block the knife edge. The end of the slide plate facing the knife edge is provided with a trapezoidal groove. The trapezoidal grooves of the two slide plates form a wedge shape together. The second The cutting blade has a guide portion that engages with the wedge shape.

In some embodiments, the inner wall of the upper cylinder has at least two steps arranged along the inner circumferential wall of the upper cylinder, the width of the steps is adapted to the diameter of the used battery, and the width of the lower step is smaller than that of the upper step. The width of the step surface of each step has the highest point and the lowest point, the lowest point of the step surface of the step rises gradually to the highest point of the step surface of the step, the first output port is located at the highest point of the step surface, the The periphery of the upper cylinder is provided with a collection cover fixed on the machine body, and guide grooves are arranged on the collection cover corresponding to the first output ports of each step surface, and the height of the guide grooves is greater than the height of the first output port by at least The guide groove can block the first output port, and the height of the guide groove is gradually changed in the collection cover and has the lowest part. The collection cover corresponds to the bottom of the guide groove and has a waste battery outlet that communicates with the guide groove.

In some embodiments, the position corresponding to the first output port on the upper cylinder is equipped with an openable airtight door through a pin shaft, and a torsion spring is sleeved on the pin shaft.

In some embodiments, at least one detection board is installed on the step surface of the step, and a pressure sensor is installed on the detection board, and a position corresponding to the pressure sensor is provided on the upper cylinder for detecting objects on the board. push out the push block of the step; the pressure sensor is electrically connected to a controller, and the controller compares the pressure value of the pressure sensor with the standard pressure value generated by various standard waste batteries at the speed of the upper cylinder, and according to the The comparison results control the movement of the pushing block.

In some embodiments, the inside of the cylinder is equipped with a suction pipe, the lower end of the suction pipe extends into the lower cylinder, the upper end of the suction pipe passes through the sealing cover, and the body is equipped with There is a negative pressure fan for providing negative pressure into the suction pipe, the lower end of the suction pipe is the second output port of the cylinder, and the lower end of the suction pipe is located below the feed inlet.

In some embodiments, the suction tube includes an inner tube body and an outer tube body sleeved on the periphery of the inner tube body, the second output port is the lower end of the inner tube body, and the outer tube body and the inner tube body There is a blowing cavity between them, the body is equipped with a fan for blowing air into the blowing cavity, and the outer tube body is provided with a number of first spraying nozzles that are inclined upward and communicate with the blowing cavity. The blowing hole and several second blowing holes which are inclined downward and communicate with the blowing cavity.

In some embodiments, the inner bottom of the lower cylinder is provided with a ring-shaped magnet ring for absorbing iron products in domestic waste.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

When the method for separating waste batteries from domestic waste of the present invention is used, the domestic waste is first input through the conveying mechanism along the tangential direction of the middle cylinder, and the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder rotate under the drive of the driving motor, so that the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder rotate The upper cylinder and the lower cylinder rotate with each other, and the domestic waste moves along the inner wall of the cylinder under the action of centrifugal force, so that the first cutting knife and the second cutting knife of the middle cylinder are Cut and crush the packaging bags, and then cut and crush the packaging bags (such as plastic packaging bags) in the domestic waste to separate the domestic waste and the packaging bags from each other so that the domestic waste is completely exposed in the cylinder and performs centrifugal movement in the cylinder, while the life The fine garbage in the garbage will gradually gather in the middle of the cylinder due to its relatively low density. discharge. The garbage with relatively large volume and high density moves along the inner wall of the cylinder (upper cylinder, lower cylinder and middle cylinder) due to the large centrifugal force. Since the cylinder is in the shape of a bell mouth, the volume is relatively large. , The denser garbage will gradually move upward along the inner wall of the cylinder. When the waste battery (which belongs to the denser garbage in the domestic garbage) encounters the steps of the upper cylinder, it will move along the inner wall of the cylinder under the blocking effect of the steps. The steps slide and are finally discharged from the first output port, thereby realizing mutual separation of waste batteries and other garbage. And the remaining rubbish is discharged from the third outlet.

The invention solves the problem that the garbage screening device in the prior art cannot screen the waste batteries placed in the garbage bags, so that the waste batteries are processed together with other garbage, resulting in environmental pollution. Filter for missing questions.

During the use of the present invention, compared with the prior art that utilizes the rotating knife to cut and squeeze the broken packaging bag, on the one hand the first cutting blade and the second cutting blade of the present invention are arranged on the middle cylinder, when the first The cutting knife and the second cutting knife will only contact the side of the bag when cutting the bag to cut a slit in the bag, and when the bag hangs on the first cutting blade, it will suddenly lower the package containing waste. The running speed of the bag can be used to pull the bag by inertia and gradually tear the bag completely; when the bag is suspended on the second cutting blade, since the second cutting blade can retract from the knife edge of the upper cylinder, it can The packaging bag is thrown down again and cut with other first cutting blades and/or second cutting blades until the packaging bag is cut. Therefore, the present invention can reduce the crushing impact on the garbage itself when the packaging bag is opened, so as to facilitate the screening of garbage and improve the effect of screening various types of garbage. However, in the prior art, the rotary knife and the extrusion method cut the packaging bag at the same time, and the rubbish self-crushing effect is very obvious, resulting in the subsequent sieving of different types of rubbish mixed together and affecting the follow-up. Garbage treatment effect.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the middle cylinder of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic view of the second cutting blade of the present invention installed on the mounting support;

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of another angle of the second cutting blade of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the knife outlet on the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the slide plate at the knife edge on the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of steps on the upper cylinder of the present invention;

Markings in the figure: 1. Body, 2. Drive motor, 3. Cylinder body, 31. Upper cylinder body, 311. First output port, 312. Installation groove, 313. Knife outlet, 314. Sliding groove, 315. Slide plate, 316, return spring, 317, trapezoidal groove, 318, step, 319, detection plate, 3110, push block, 3111, linear motor, 32, lower cylinder, 33, middle cylinder, 331, the first cutting blade, 332, Mounting support, 333, the second cutting blade, 334, guide portion, 335, stick wheel, 336, bearing pin, 337, spring, 4, feeding mechanism, 41, feeding hopper, 42, feeding channel, 43, Push pedal cylinder, 44, push pedal, 5, the second output port, 6, the third outlet, 7, collection cover, 71, guide groove, 72, output channel, 8, sealing cover, 9, suction pipe, 91, Inner pipe body, 92, outer pipe body, 93, injection cavity, 94, first injection hole, 95, second injection hole, 10, negative pressure fan, 11, fan, 12, magnet ring.

Implementation

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments, and the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other used embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" etc. The indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, or in a specific orientation. construction and operation, and therefore cannot be construed as limiting the present invention; the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; in addition, unless otherwise Clearly stipulated and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or a direct connection. It can also be connected indirectly through an intermediary, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations.

With reference to the accompanying drawings, the method for separating waste batteries from domestic waste of the present invention includes a screening device, and using the screening device to separate waste batteries includes:

(1) Transport domestic waste into the screening device;

(2) Drive the cylinder of the screening device to rotate and cut and break the packaging bags in the domestic waste so that the domestic waste is exposed in the cylinder;

(3) Use the different centrifugal forces generated by different types of domestic waste to separate the domestic waste and collect waste batteries from the domestic waste.

In some embodiments, the screening device includes a machine body 1, on which a cylinder body 3 is installed, and the cylinder body 3 is in the shape of a horn with a large upper end and a small lower end. 3 to rotate the driving motor 2, the cylinder body 3 is provided with a delivery mechanism 4 for inputting household garbage into the cylinder body 3, the upper section of the cylinder body 3 is equipped with a sealing cover 6, and the cylinder body 3 There is a first output port 311 for outputting waste batteries on the upper part of the upper part, and the cylinder body 3 is equipped with a second output port 5 for outputting fine garbage, and the cylinder body 3 above the first output port 311 is provided with a Output the third output port 6 of other rubbish.

Wherein, the feeding mechanism 4 is used for inputting domestic garbage in the cylinder body 3. For the specific structure of the feeding mechanism 4, the present invention does not elaborate in detail. For example, the feeding mechanism 4 includes a feeding hopper 41, a feeding hopper 41 The lower end is equipped with a feed channel 42, and a push plate 44 is installed in the feed channel, and the push plate 44 is driven by an electric telescopic rod or a push plate cylinder 43 to slide in the feed channel 42, so that the feed hopper 41 enters the The household garbage is pushed into cylinder 3.

In some embodiments, the cylinder body 3 includes an upper cylinder body 31 and a lower cylinder body 32, and a device capable of rotating between the upper cylinder body and the lower cylinder body is installed between the upper cylinder body 31 and the lower cylinder body 32. The middle cylinder body 33 is provided with a feeding port for communicating with the conveying mechanism 4 and for inputting domestic waste into the cylinder body 3. The feeding port is along the tangent line of the middle cylinder body direction, the inner wall of the middle cylinder 33 is provided with a number of first cutting blades 331 for cutting packaging bags, and the lower end of the upper cylinder 31 and the upper end of the lower cylinder 32 are provided with an annular mounting groove 312 , the upper end and the lower end of the middle cylinder 33 are equipped with a ring-shaped installation support 332 for going deep into the installation groove 312, and a second cutting blade 333 is installed on the installation support 332, and the upper cylinder body 31 and the lower cylinder 32 are provided with an outlet 313 for extending the second cutting blade.

In the specific implementation process, the upper end of the middle cylinder 33 and the lower end of the middle cylinder are equipped with a roller 335 through the pin shaft 336, and the circumferential surface of the roller 335 is used to contact the side wall of the annular installation groove 312, thereby realizing the centering. The cylinder body 33 is connected in rotation with the upper cylinder body and the lower cylinder body.

In the present invention, a middle cylinder is arranged between the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder, so that when the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder rotate, the middle cylinder does not rotate, so that the domestic garbage that has just entered from the middle cylinder It can fall under the action of its own weight, so that the fine garbage in the domestic garbage can follow it into the bottom of the lower cylinder, and because the inner diameter of the lower cylinder is smaller than that of the upper cylinder, it can bring The centrifugal force is also smaller. In this case, it is convenient for the garbage to be initially screened (for example, divided into large garbage, large light garbage, fine garbage, and high-quality garbage), thereby improving the effect of garbage screening. However, the screening cylinders used for screening in the prior art are all cylindrical, and basically all are fed into the cylindrical screening cylinder from the top or bottom (using the aperture size of the screening cylinder to screen ), in this way all kinds of garbage are easily mixed with each other, resulting in poor garbage screening effect (or longer time required). However, this application adopts the trumpet-shaped cylinder and the way of feeding from the middle of the cylinder (that is, the middle cylinder). On the one hand, the self-weight of various garbage can be used for preliminary screening during the falling process; The variable-diameter cylinder combines the centrifugal force of the garbage to gradually separate it, so as to improve the effect of screening garbage types and improve the efficiency and quality of subsequent garbage treatment.

In some embodiments, the upper cylinder 31 and the lower cylinder 32 are connected to each other through connecting rods to form a whole, and the upper and lower ends of the connecting rods are respectively connected to the inner walls of the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder, thereby realizing Rigid connection between upper and lower cylinders. Preferably, the side of the connecting rod is an arc-shaped surface, so as to reduce the blocking effect of the connecting rod on the garbage in the barrel.

In some embodiments, the rotation speeds of the upper cylinder 31 and the lower cylinder 32 are different. Preferably, the rotation speed of the upper cylinder 31 is greater than that of the lower cylinder 32 . Thereby make the centrifugal force effect of lower cylinder body 32 relatively small, and the centrifugal force of upper cylinder body is bigger, make the time that rubbish stays in lower cylinder body longer so as to improve separation effect in the rotation process, and in the upper cylinder body due to centrifugal force Large, the pre-screened garbage is quickly separated under the action of a large centrifugal force, which improves the separation speed of the garbage after screening, and finally achieves the effect of improving the garbage screening effect. When the rotation speeds between the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder are not the same, the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder are driven to rotate by a driving motor, for example, a driving motor is provided at the bottom of the body to drive the rotation of the lower cylinder. The cover (rotating connection between the sealing cover and the upper cylinder) is equipped with a drive motor to drive the upper cylinder to rotate; or two drive motors are installed on the body to drive the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder to rotate respectively.

In some embodiments, the mounting support 332 is ring-shaped, and several second cutting blades 333 are hinged on the side of the mounting support 332 facing the knife edge 313, and the other end of the second cutting blade 333 is installed There is a spring 337, one end of the spring 337 is connected to the second cutting blade 333, and the other end of the spring 337 is connected to the mounting support 332 so that the second cutting blade 333 is obliquely installed on the mounting support 332 Above: the first cutting blade 331 is arranged obliquely on the inner wall of the middle cylinder 33, and the inclination direction of the first cutting blade is opposite to that of the second cutting blade. The structural design of the first cutting blade and the second cutting blade of the present application makes it possible not only to use the cutting of the first cutting blade and the second cutting blade to break the packaging bag, but also to tear the packaging bag during the pulling action during the movement. Therefore, when the application is in use, the packaging bag can be completely torn to expose the garbage, and at the same time, the packaging bag will not be cut and broken too much, which avoids the excessive cutting and breaking of the packaging bag and other garbage. The problem of mixed garbage is not easy to sieve.

Preferably, in order to reduce the cutting and crushing effect of the first cutting blade and the second cutting blade on the garbage, the length of the first cutting blade and the second cutting blade penetrating into the barrel is less than or equal to 5mm.

In some embodiments, a sliding groove 314 is provided at the upper end and the lower end of the knife edge in the installation groove 312, and a sliding plate 315 capable of sliding in the sliding groove is installed in the sliding groove 314, and the sliding plate 315 and the sliding Back-moving spring 316 is installed between the inner bottom of groove 315 so that the slide plate 315 of top and bottom in installation groove 312 can jointly block out knife edge 313, and described slide plate 315 is provided with trapezoidal groove 317 towards the end of knife edge, two slide plates The trapezoidal grooves together form a wedge shape, and the second cutting blade 333 has a guide portion 334 engaging with the wedge shape. Preferably, the opening length of the knife edge is greater than the length of the second cutting blade 333, so that the second cutting blade 333 can extend out of the knife edge 313 to cut the packaging bag, and can retract under the extrusion of the knife edge, Therefore, it is avoided that the garbage is hung on the second cutting blade 333 due to its large centrifugal force, and the problem of flexible garbage entanglement during the garbage screening process is reduced.

Simultaneously, the structural design of the sliding plate 315 of the present application makes when the guide portion of the second cutting blade cooperates with the trapezoidal groove on the sliding plate, and when the second cutting blade retracts, it can block the knife edge 313, effectively blocking the garbage from the knife edge. Overflow in 313.

In some embodiments, the inner wall of the upper cylinder 31 has at least two steps 318 along the inner peripheral wall of the upper cylinder, the width of the steps 318 is adapted to the diameter of the used battery, and the width of the lower step is less Located at the width of the upper step, the step surface of each step has the highest point and the lowest point, and gradually rises from the lowest point of the step surface of the step to the highest point of the step surface of the step, and the first output port 311 is located at the highest point of the step surface , the outer periphery of the upper cylinder 31 is provided with a collection cover 7 fixed on the machine body 1, and a guide groove 71 is provided on the collection cover 7 corresponding to the first output port 311 of each step surface, and the guide groove The height of 71 is greater than the height of the first output port so that the guide groove 71 can block the first output port 311, and the height of the guide groove 71 is arranged on the collection cover 7 gradually changing and has the lowest part, and the collection cover 7 corresponds to the guide The bottom of the groove 71 is provided with a waste battery outlet communicating with the guide groove 71 . Therefore, when the used battery is discharged from the first output port 311 , it can enter into the guide groove 71 under the action of inertia, so as to be discharged from the outlet of the used battery on the collection cover 7 .

Preferably, the size of the step 318 can be designed according to the sizes of the No. 7 battery, the No. 5 battery, and the No. 1 battery commonly used in the market, so that the step 318 can just accommodate used batteries. Preferably, the upper cylinder is provided with a plurality of steps, and one of the steps is used to recycle one type of used batteries, so that the used batteries can be sorted, and more importantly, the first output port can only pass through A type of waste battery, which prevents the problem of other garbage being discharged due to the excessive opening of the first output port.

In some embodiments, the position corresponding to the first output port 311 on the upper cylinder 31 is equipped with a seal door that can be opened through a pin shaft, and the pin shaft is covered with a torsion spring, that is, when the used battery is on the step When moving to the highest position in 318, under the effect of centrifugal force, the door is bumped to open the sealing door and enter in the guide groove 311. Therefore, when there is no waste battery at the first output port 311, it is in a closed state, reducing the discharge of dust.

Wherein, the step 318 is gradually formed along the direction of the upper cylinder from bottom to top, that is to say, the step 318 is a groove with a triangular cross section.

In some embodiments, at least one detection board 319 is installed on the step surface 318 of the step, and a pressure sensor is installed on the detection board 319, and the position corresponding to the pressure sensor is provided on the upper cylinder 31 for The push block 3110 on the detection plate 319 pushes out the step 318. The pressure sensor is electrically connected to a controller, and the controller is based on the pressure value of the pressure sensor and the standard pressure value produced by various standard waste batteries at the speed of the upper cylinder. Perform a comparison, and control the movement of the push block according to the comparison result. Since the size and weight of the used battery are fixed, the pressure value given to the step surface of the step at this speed is calculated according to the weight of the used battery, and the pressure value is used to judge whether the item is a used battery. If not, use The push block 3110 is pushed out from the step 318, effectively preventing other garbage from being discharged through the first output port 311.

In the specific implementation process, a linear motor 3111 is installed on the upper cylinder body 31, and the push block 3110 is driven by the linear motor to work.

In some embodiments, the inside of the cylinder body 3 is equipped with a suction pipe 9, the lower end of the suction pipe 9 extends into the lower cylinder body, and the upper end of the suction pipe 9 passes through the sealing cover 8, so The body 1 is equipped with a negative pressure fan 10 for providing negative pressure in the suction pipe, the lower end of the suction pipe 9 is the second output port 5 of the cylinder, and the lower end of the suction pipe is located at the feed port below.

In some embodiments, the suction tube 9 includes an inner tube body 94 and an outer tube body 92 sleeved on the periphery of the inner tube body, the second output port 5 is the lower end of the inner tube body 91, and the outer tube body There is a blowing cavity 93 between the body 92 and the inner tube body 91, the fan 11 for blowing air into the blowing cavity 93 is installed on the body 1, and a number of inclined upward The first spray holes 94 communicate with the spray cavity 93 and the second spray holes 95 are inclined downward and communicate with the spray cavity.

The structural design of the suction pipe 9 of the present application has not only utilized the characteristics that fine garbage is easy to gather in the middle of the cylinder during use, but also the structural design of the first blowing hole and the second blowing hole, so that when the domestic waste is fed from the feed When the mouth enters the inside of the cylinder, it can provide a downwind to drive the garbage to move downward; and effectively prevent the dust from rising, so that the dust is discharged from the second output port 5 through blowing and negative pressure, and accompanied by As the centrifugal force of the garbage becomes stronger and stronger, the garbage gradually floats up. When it floats to the first blowing hole 94 at the bottom, on the one hand, it can accelerate the upward movement of the garbage and improve the speed of garbage screening; Cut and broken plastic bags) have the characteristics of fast floating speed under the action of blowing, and are finally discharged from the third output port 6.

In a specific implementation process, a plurality of third output ports 6 with different heights may be provided on the upper cylinder body 31 to facilitate re-screening of the garbage.

Preferably, an output channel 72 corresponding to the third output port 6 is provided in the collection cover 7 to facilitate centralized collection.

In some embodiments, the inner bottom of the lower cylinder 32 is provided with an annular magnet ring 12 for absorbing iron products in domestic waste, so that the magnetic ring is used to absorb iron products in domestic waste.

When the method for separating waste batteries from domestic waste of the present invention is used, the domestic waste is first input through the conveying mechanism along the tangential direction of the middle cylinder, and the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder rotate under the drive of the driving motor, so that the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder rotate The upper cylinder and the lower cylinder rotate with each other, and the domestic waste moves along the inner wall of the cylinder under the action of centrifugal force, so that the first cutting knife and the second cutting knife of the middle cylinder are Cut and crush the packaging bags, and then cut and crush the packaging bags (such as plastic packaging bags) in the domestic waste to separate the domestic waste and the packaging bags from each other so that the domestic waste is completely exposed in the cylinder and performs centrifugal movement in the cylinder, while the life The fine garbage in the garbage will gradually gather in the middle of the cylinder due to its relatively low density. discharge. The garbage with relatively large volume and high density moves along the inner wall of the cylinder (upper cylinder, lower cylinder and middle cylinder) due to the large centrifugal force. Since the cylinder is in the shape of a bell mouth, the volume is relatively large. , The denser garbage will gradually move upward along the inner wall of the cylinder. When the waste battery (which belongs to the denser garbage in the domestic garbage) encounters the steps of the upper cylinder, it will move along the inner wall of the cylinder under the blocking effect of the steps. The steps slide and are finally discharged from the first output port, thereby realizing mutual separation of waste batteries and other garbage. And the remaining rubbish is discharged from the third outlet.

The invention solves the problem that the garbage screening device in the prior art cannot screen the waste batteries placed in the garbage bags, so that the waste batteries are processed together with other garbage, resulting in environmental pollution. Filter for missing questions.

During the use of the present invention, compared with the prior art that utilizes the rotating knife to cut and squeeze the broken packaging bag, on the one hand the first cutting blade and the second cutting blade of the present invention are arranged on the middle cylinder, when the first The cutting knife and the second cutting knife will only contact the side of the bag when cutting the bag to cut a slit in the bag, and when the bag hangs on the first cutting blade, it will suddenly lower the package containing waste. The running speed of the bag can be used to pull the bag by inertia and gradually tear the bag completely; when the bag is suspended on the second cutting blade, since the second cutting blade can retract from the knife edge of the upper cylinder, it can The packaging bag is thrown down again and cut with other first cutting blades and/or second cutting blades until the packaging bag is cut. Therefore, the present invention can reduce the crushing impact on the garbage itself when the packaging bag is opened, so as to facilitate the screening of garbage and improve the effect of screening various types of garbage. However, in the prior art, the rotary knife and the extrusion method cut the packaging bag at the same time, and the rubbish self-crushing effect is very obvious, resulting in the subsequent sieving of different types of rubbish mixed together and affecting the follow-up. Garbage treatment effect.

The above is not any formal and substantive limitation to the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the method of the present invention, some improvements and supplements can also be made. These improvements and supplements It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. Those who are familiar with this profession, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, when they can use the technical content disclosed above to make some changes, modifications and equivalent changes of evolution, are all included in the present invention. Equivalents/embodiments; at the same time, all changes, modifications and evolutions made to the above-mentioned embodiments according to the substantive technology of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The method for separating the waste batteries from the household garbage is characterized by comprising a screening device, wherein the method for separating the waste batteries by using the screening device comprises the following steps:

(1) Conveying the domestic garbage into a screening device;

(2) The barrel of the screening device is driven to rotate, and the packaging bags in the household garbage are cut and crushed so that the household garbage is exposed in the barrel;

(3) Separating the domestic garbage by using different centrifugal forces generated by different types of domestic garbage so as to collect the waste batteries from the domestic garbage;

the screening device comprises a machine body, wherein a cylinder body is mounted on the machine body, the cylinder body is in a horn shape with a large upper end and a small lower end, a driving motor used for driving the cylinder body to rotate is mounted on the machine body, a conveying mechanism used for inputting household garbage into the cylinder body is arranged on the cylinder body, a sealing cover is arranged at the upper section of the cylinder body in a matching mode, a first output port used for outputting waste batteries is formed in the upper portion of the cylinder body, a second output port used for outputting fine garbage is arranged in the cylinder body in a matching mode, and a third output port used for outputting other garbage is formed in the cylinder body above the first output port; the barrel comprises an upper barrel and a lower barrel, a middle barrel capable of rotating between the upper barrel and the lower barrel is mounted between the upper barrel and the lower barrel, a feed inlet which is communicated with a material conveying mechanism and used for inputting household garbage into the barrel is formed in the middle barrel, the feed inlet is formed in the tangential direction of the middle barrel, a plurality of first cutting blades used for cutting packaging bags are arranged on the inner wall of the middle barrel, annular mounting grooves are formed in the lower end of the upper barrel and the upper end of the lower barrel, annular mounting supports which penetrate into the mounting grooves and are annular are mounted at the upper end and the lower end of the middle barrel, a second cutting blade is mounted on the mounting supports, and an outlet for extending the second cutting blade is formed in the upper barrel and the lower barrel;

sliding grooves are formed in the upper end and the lower end of the knife outlet in the mounting groove, sliding plates capable of sliding in the sliding grooves are mounted in the sliding grooves, a return spring is mounted between each sliding plate and the inner bottom of each sliding groove, so that the sliding plates at the upper portion and the lower portion in the mounting groove can jointly shield the knife outlet, trapezoidal grooves are formed in the end portions, facing the knife outlet, of the sliding plates, the trapezoidal grooves of the two sliding plates jointly form a wedge shape, and the second cutting blade is provided with a guide portion mutually clamped with the wedge shape; the inner wall of going up the barrel has and sets up two at least steps along last barrel inner peripheral wall, the width of step and the mutual adaptation of diameter of old and useless battery, the width that is located the below step is less than the width that is located the top step, and the step face of each step has highest department and lowest department, and the lowest department of the step face of step to the highest department of the step face of step risees gradually, first delivery outlet is located the highest department of step face, the periphery of going up the barrel is provided with the collection cover of fixing on the organism, the first delivery outlet position that corresponds to each step face on the collection cover is provided with the guide way, the height that highly is greater than first delivery outlet of guide way is so that the guide way can shelter from first delivery outlet, the guide way sets up the height gradual change at the collection cover and has the lowest portion, the collection cover is seted up the old and useless battery export that communicates each other with the guide way corresponding to the bottommost of guide way.

2. The method for separating waste batteries from household garbage according to claim 1, wherein the mounting support is in a ring shape, the side of the mounting support facing the outlet edge is hinged with a plurality of second cutting blades, the other ends of the second cutting blades are provided with springs, one end parts of the springs are connected with the second cutting blades, and the other end parts of the springs are connected with the mounting support so that the second cutting blades are obliquely arranged on the mounting support; the first cutting blade is obliquely arranged on the inner wall of the middle cylinder body, and the inclination directions of the first cutting blade and the second cutting blade are opposite.

3. The method for separating the waste batteries from the household garbage according to claim 1, wherein a sealing door capable of being opened is arranged on the upper cylinder body at a position corresponding to the first output port through a pin shaft, and the pin shaft sleeve is provided with a torsion spring.

4. The method for separating waste batteries from household garbage according to claim 1, wherein at least one detection plate is installed on the step surface of the step, a pressure sensor is installed on the detection plate, a push block for pushing the object on the detection plate out of the step is arranged on the upper cylinder body corresponding to the position of the pressure sensor, the pressure sensor is electrically connected with a controller, the controller compares the pressure value of the pressure sensor with the standard pressure value generated by various standard waste batteries at the rotating speed of the upper cylinder body, and controls the movement of the push block according to the comparison result.

5. The method for separating the waste batteries from the household garbage as claimed in claim 1, wherein a suction pipe is arranged in the cylinder, the lower end of the suction pipe extends into the lower cylinder, the upper end of the suction pipe penetrates through the sealing cover, a negative pressure fan for providing negative pressure to the suction pipe is arranged on the machine body, the lower end of the suction pipe is a second output port of the cylinder, and the lower end of the suction pipe is located below the feed port.

6. The method for separating waste batteries from household garbage according to claim 5, wherein the suction pipe comprises an inner pipe body and an outer pipe body sleeved on the periphery of the inner pipe body, the second output port is the lower end of the inner pipe body, a blowing cavity is arranged between the outer pipe body and the inner pipe body, a blower for blowing air into the blowing cavity is installed on the machine body, and the outer pipe body is provided with a plurality of first blowing holes which are inclined upwards and communicated with the blowing cavity and a plurality of second blowing holes which are inclined downwards and communicated with the blowing cavity.

Images