CN115276331A - A pair of magnetic pole parallel connection motors - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a pair of groups of magnetic poles parallel connection motors, which comprise a rotor and a stator, wherein the rotor comprises at least two independent coils which are independent to each other; the stator comprises a pair of magnet pairs consisting of a first magnet and a second magnet, a pair of conductive rings consisting of a positive conductive ring and a negative conductive ring which are oppositely arranged, and the N pole of the first magnet and the S pole of the second magnet are respectively used for acting on electrified independent coils; each independent coil is provided with two power connection end points which are respectively used for alternately and electrically connecting the positive conducting ring and the negative conducting ring in the rotation process of the rotor, at least two independent coils are connected in parallel in one rotation period, and the central angle of the track of each independent coil and the angle of the coil are respectively smaller than or equal to 180 degrees. No matter how many coils of the parallel motor are in the scheme, the commutator is not needed to distribute the power-on time, all the coils can be connected in parallel under a certain condition, and the working efficiency of the motor is effectively improved.

Description

A pair of magnetic pole parallel motor

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of motors, in particular to a parallel motor with a pair of magnetic poles.

Background technique

Motors include brushed motors and brushless motors, and brushed motors are widely used in occasions with low requirements due to their stable performance and low cost.

In the case of only one coil, the continuous rotation of the rotating shaft cannot be guaranteed, so the current motors are all in the form of multi-coils. As shown in Figure 1, there is currently a typical three-coil motor. In a three-coil motor, there is a pair of magnetic poles and a pair of brushes. The common point of each coil and the adjacent coil is in contact with a commutator piece. The rotor rotates In the process, the two brushes contact the three commutator segments in turn to achieve commutation. When the number of coils increases, the energization time of each coil decreases accordingly, and the energization time of each coil needs to be realized by a commutator. The more coils, the shorter the action time of each coil. From the point of view, the number of coils has been increased, and the output torque of the coils has been increased by connecting them in series. However, from the perspective of each set of individual coils, the time for each coil to be acted on is greatly reduced, and the utilization rate of each coil is limited, so that the motor The working efficiency of the coil is greatly limited, and it is impossible to realize full-time work of all coils.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a parallel motor with a pair of magnetic poles to solve the above problems.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A parallel motor with a pair of magnetic poles, including a rotor and a stator, and the rotor includes at least two independent coils that are independent of each other;

The stator includes a pair of magnet pairs composed of a first magnet and a second magnet, a pair of conductive ring pairs composed of a positive conductive ring and a negative conductive ring oppositely arranged, and the N pole of the first magnet and the N pole of the second magnet The S poles are respectively used to act on independent coils that are energized;

Each independent coil has two electrical connection terminals for alternately electrically connecting the positive conductive ring and the negative conductive ring during the rotation of the rotor, and in one rotation cycle, there are moments when at least two independent coils are connected in parallel with each other, And the center angle of the trajectory of each independent coil and the coil angle are respectively less than or equal to 180 degrees.

In the above-mentioned pair of magnetic pole parallel motors, there are moments when at least three/four/five/six independent coils are connected in parallel with each other in one rotation cycle;

In each rotation period, there are at least two/three/four/five/six independent coils connected in parallel to each other for a moment greater than 1/Z rotation period, Z equal to 2, 3, 4 or 5;

The central angle of the trajectory of each independent coil is greater than 90 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees;

The coil angle of each independent coil is greater than 90 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees.

In the above-mentioned pair of parallel motors with magnetic poles, the positive conductive ring includes a positive effective segment arc, the negative conductive ring includes a negative effective segment arc, and there is a blank arc between the positive effective segment arc and the negative effective segment arc, Moreover, the central angle of the trajectory formed by the two electric terminals of each independent coil is larger than the above-mentioned vacant radian.

In the above pair of magnetic pole parallel motors, the central angle of the trajectory of each independent coil is greater than 120 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees;

The coil angle of each individual coil is greater than 120 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees;

The conductive ring/magnet is a whole or cut into two or more adjacent ones;

The positive conductive ring and the negative conductive ring have the same center of circle so that the arc of the positive effective segment constitutes the positive conductive ring, and the arc of the negative effective segment constitutes the negative conductive ring.

In the above-mentioned pair of magnetic pole parallel motors, the coil angle of the independent coil is equal to or close to 180 degrees;

The central angle of the trajectory of the independent coil is equal to or close to 180 degrees;

And the range of approach is within 180 degrees, 20 degrees, 10 degrees, 5 degrees or 2 degrees.

In the above-mentioned parallel motor with a pair of magnetic poles, the effective section of the positive conductive ring and the effective section of the negative conductive ring are close to zero, and the effective section of the negative conductive ring and the effective section of the positive conductive ring are separated by an insulating film.

In the above-mentioned parallel motor with a pair of magnetic poles, the independent coils are formed by winding enameled wires on any two winding slots of the iron core.

In the above-mentioned pair of magnetic pole parallel motors, each independent coil spans the same number of winding slots;

Alternatively, there are at least two sets of separate coils spanning different numbers of winding slots.

In the above-mentioned pair of parallel motors with magnetic poles, the central angle of the trajectory of each independent coil is equal to the angle of the coil;

Or, the angle difference between the center angle of the trajectory of each independent coil and the coil angle is smaller than a preset difference value.

In the above-mentioned pair of magnetic pole parallel motors, the independent coils are all wound on the iron core with a coil angle of 180 degrees, and a plurality of independent coils cross each other on the rotation axis A, and the rotation axis A is the center line Circumferentially distributed sequentially.

The advantage of the present invention is that no matter how many coils are in form, no commutator is needed to distribute the energization time, and the energization time of each coil is only related to its own central angle of the trajectory and the effective section of the conductive ring, and all coils do not affect each other , can realize parallel connection of all coils. Under certain conditions, such as the effective section of the conductive ring is infinitely close to 180 degrees, the center angle of the trajectory is 180 degrees, and the coil angle is 180 degrees. The utilization rate of the coil improves the working efficiency and output torque of the motor.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structure schematic diagram of prior art three-coil motor angular connection;

Fig. 2 is the equivalent circuit diagram of prior art three-coil motor angular connection;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of arranging three independent coils;

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that three groups of 180 degree independent coils are wound on the iron core of eight slots of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the electrical terminals of the three groups of 180-degree independent coils on the conductive ring;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the electrical terminals of the three groups of 120-degree independent coils on the conductive ring of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a three-coil motor star connection in the prior art;

Fig. 8 is the equivalent circuit diagram of the prior art three-coil motor star connection;

FIG. 9 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the scheme shown in FIG. 5 .

Reference signs: magnet pair 1; first magnet 11; second magnet 12; conductive ring pair 2; coils L1, L2, L3; independent coils L4, L5, L6; electrical terminals a1, a2, b1, b2, c 1, c2.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

This embodiment discloses a parallel motor with a pair of magnetic poles, including a rotor and a stator, and the rotor includes at least two independent coils, such as three, four, five, six, etc.;

The stator includes a pair of magnets 1 composed of a first magnet 11 and a second magnet 12 that are arranged oppositely. A pair of positive conductive rings and negative conductive rings that are used to provide positive electricity and negative electricity are oppositely arranged. The conductive ring pair 2 formed, and the N pole of the first magnet 11 and the S pole of the second magnet 12 are respectively used to act on the independent coil of energization;

Each independent coil has two electrical connection terminals for alternately electrically connecting the positive conductive ring and the negative conductive ring during the rotation of the rotor, and in one rotation cycle, there are moments when at least two independent coils are connected in parallel with each other, preferably In one rotation period, there are at least two/three/four/five/six independent coils connected in parallel to each other for a time greater than 1/Z rotation period, Z being equal to 2, 3, 4 or 5.

The central angle of the trajectory of each independent coil is less than or equal to 180 degrees. The concept of the central angle of the trajectory α is: the two electrical connection terminals 31 are located on a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis A, and the two electrical connection terminal points 31 and the rotation axis A are on this plane. The included angle of the axis A is the central angle α of the trajectory. Specifically, in this embodiment, the electrical connection terminals directly or indirectly slide in contact with the positive conductive ring and the negative conductive ring during the rotation process to realize electrical connection with the pair of conductive rings. The conductive ring can be installed on the non-rotating parts such as the motor casing as required, and each electrical terminal point can be fixed on the rotating shaft in any way to achieve stable sliding contact with the conductive ring during the rotation process. There is no limit here, and the electrical connection The terminals can be energized and commutated by slidingly contacting the upper surface, the lower surface, the inner surface or the outer surface of the conductive ring.

It should be noted that the conductive ring/magnet can be a whole, or can be cut into two or more adjacent ones, which is not limited here.

Specifically, the positive conductive ring includes a positive effective segment arc, the negative conductive ring includes a negative effective segment arc, and there is a blank arc between the positive effective segment arc and the negative effective segment arc, and the trajectory formed by the two electrical terminals of each independent coil The central angles are greater than the vacant arc, because when the power-connected terminal is located at the vacant arc, the independent coil is de-energized, so that the central angle of the trajectory is greater than the vacant arc, which can ensure that the independent coil is energized for at least a certain period of time during the rotation process. Preferably, the positive conductive ring and the negative conductive ring have the same center of circle so that the arc of the positive effective segment forms the positive conductive ring, and the arc of the negative effective segment forms the negative conductive ring.

In actual operation, a corresponding number of independent coils can be arranged according to the needs. There are three independent coils L4, L5, and L6 arranged in Figure 3. At this time, those skilled in the art can set the coil angle of each independent coil according to the actual situation, and each The positional relationship between coils.

Further, in order to enable the magnet to effectively act on each group of energized independent coils and ensure the energization time of each independent coil, it is preferred that the central angle of the trajectory of each independent coil is greater than 120 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees; the coil angle is also preferably Greater than 120 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees.

Preferably, the central angle of the trajectory of each independent coil is equal to the coil angle, and the coil angle refers to the angle occupied by the coil on the 360-degree circumference of the iron core. However, in actual production, it may be inconvenient to achieve exactly the same angle, so the angle difference between the center angle of the trajectory and the coil angle is preferably within the preset difference range. If the preset difference is 5 degrees, the coil angle is At 180 degrees, the central angle of the trajectory is 175-180, and the preset difference can also be 3 degrees, 10 degrees, 20 degrees or 30 degrees, etc.

Preferably, the two conductive rings of this embodiment approach 180 degrees respectively, where the deviation difference between the approach finger and the target (180 degrees) is within a small range, such as 2 degrees, 5 degrees, 10 degrees degrees and other small angle ranges. An insulating film can be provided between the positive conductive ring and the negative conductive ring to isolate them so as to ensure the energization time of each independent coil as much as possible.

The central angle of the trajectory can be 120 degrees, 150 degrees, 160 degrees, 170 degrees or 180 degrees, etc. In practical applications, try to make the track center angle and coil angle close to 180 degrees to maximize the use of all independent coils.

Further, each independent coil is formed by winding an enameled wire on any two winding slots of the iron core, each independent coil spans the same number of winding slots, or there are at least two groups spanning different numbers of winding slots The independent coils preferably span the same number of winding slots to maintain uniformity, which is convenient for motor processing and manufacturing, and the number of spanning winding slots will affect the coil angle of the independent coils. As shown in Figure 4, on the iron core with twelve wire slots, when an independent coil spans five winding slots, the angle of the independent coil is 180 degrees, strictly speaking, it is close to 180 degrees, and the angle range is 150- Between 210 degrees (30n-30(n+2), n is the number of winding slots across), here the coil angle is less than or equal to 180 degrees, so the angle range is between 150-180 degrees. An independent coil may also be formed by winding wires of other materials in other ways, which is not limited here.

For example, independent coils can be wound on the iron core with a coil angle of 180 degrees. At this time, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, multiple independent coils can cross each other on the rotation axis A and center on the rotation axis A The circumferential crossing of the lines is distributed sequentially. In the state of Figure 5, the three independent coils L4, L5 and L6 are all in the energized state, and the three independent coils are connected in parallel with each other. During the rotation process, the three independent coils are always in the energized state in most cases, unless one of them is connected The electrical terminal moves to the gap between the positive conductive ring and the negative conductive ring. When the arc of the two conductive rings approaches 180 degrees, the time for passing through the gap is negligible, so that all independent coils can work full-time . Of course, if more coil groups are needed, it is enough to directly add independent coils, and the added independent coils are all connected in parallel with other independent coils.

The independent coils can also be wound on the iron core shown in FIG. 4 at a coil angle of 120 degrees. At this time, multiple independent coils can be stacked and/or cross-distributed in the circumferential direction with the rotation axis A as the center line. As shown in FIG. 6 , when there are three independent coils, it is preferable that the independent coils are stacked and distributed in sequence, and adjacent coils share one winding slot and one electrical connection terminal. In the state shown in Figure 6, L4 and L5 are energized and connected in parallel, and L6 is in a de-energized state. When the rotor continues to rotate until the c2/a1 electrical terminal slides into contact with the negative conductive ring, the three independent coils are all energized. At this time, the three Separate coils form three parallel circuits.

The rest of the coil angles are similar to the case of 180 degrees or 120 degrees, and will not be repeated here.

In order to reflect the superiority of this scheme, the parallel effect of the coils of this scheme is analyzed and explained below. Taking three coils as an example, in the case of traditional three coils, the winding connection method has a star connection method in addition to the angle connection method shown in Figure 1. The connection method is as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8. This scheme takes Figure 5 as an example, and the equivalent circuit is shown in Figure 9:

(1) Analysis under the same current:

Delta connection

Torque:

loss:

星形连接方式Voltage:

Star connection

Torque: T=C·i·2=2·C·i

Loss: P=2i ² R

Voltage: U=2Ri

Connection method of this program

Torque:

loss:

Voltage:

Conclusion: Under the same current,

T _b < T _s < T _x

P _b < P _s < P _x

U _b < U _s < U _x

P is motor loss, T is motor torque, C is a constant; R is resistance; U is voltage; i is current, the subscript "b" indicates the parameters of this scheme, and the subscript "s" indicates the prior art triangle connection mode The subscript "x" indicates the parameters of the star connection mode.

(2) Analysis under the same torque:

Connection method of this program

Torque:

Derive the current:

Power Consumption:

Voltage:

Conclusion, under the same torque:

T _b =T _s =T _x

P _b < P _s < P _x

U _b < U _s < U _x

I _b >i _s >i _x

(3) Analysis under the same voltage

That is, i _b =2i _s =6i _x

Torque: T _b = C·i _b

Power Consumption:

(4) In the case of equal power consumption

which is,

Torque:

Voltage:

Conclusion, under the same power consumption:

T _b >T _s >T _x

U _b < U _s < U _x

I _b >i _s >i _x

Taking three coils as an example above, the more coils are arranged, the above advantages are more obvious. The analysis of more coils can be analogized, so I won’t go into details here.

The pair of motors in this scheme has the advantages of simple structure and excellent performance. Compared with the traditional motor, it has obvious advantages. For the typical three-coil, the three coils of the traditional motor cannot realize all the coils in parallel anyway. The scheme can easily realize parallel connection, and the three coils of the traditional motor are energized, especially the star connection, all coils cannot be in the energized state at all times, and the utilization rate of the coils is low. However, this scheme can realize full-time operation of all coils and improve The utilization rate of each independent coil, and increasing the number of coils can still realize full-time energization of all coils and parallel connection of all coils, which has less power consumption under the same torque than traditional motors.

Inspired by the present application, those skilled in the art can combine the present application with the motor coil setting method of the prior art, that is, if some coils are connected in series, and some coils are independently arranged, or a series coil formed by connecting multiple groups of coils in series is used as Independent coils, and then connecting the independent coils in parallel with each other, no matter what the method is, as long as the idea of connecting the independent coils in parallel in this application is applied, it should be within the scope of protection of the application. The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs can make various modifications or supplements to the described specific embodiments or adopt similar methods to replace them, but they will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or go beyond the definition of the appended claims range.

Although this article uses more magnet pairs 1, the first magnet 11; the second magnet 12; the conductive ring pair 2; coils L1, L2, L3; independent coils L4, L5, L6; electrical terminals a1, a2, b1, b2 , c1, c2 and other terms, but does not exclude the possibility of using other terms. These terms are used only for the purpose of describing and explaining the essence of the present invention more conveniently; interpreting them as any kind of additional limitation is against the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A pair of groups of magnetic poles connect the electrical machinery in parallel, including trochanter and stator, characterized by that, the said trochanter includes at least two independent coils independent each other;

the stator comprises a pair of magnet pairs consisting of a first magnet and a second magnet, a pair of conductive rings consisting of a positive conductive ring and a negative conductive ring which are oppositely arranged, and the N pole of the first magnet and the S pole of the second magnet are respectively used for acting on electrified independent coils;

each independent coil is provided with two power connection end points which are respectively used for alternately and electrically connecting the positive conducting ring and the negative conducting ring in the rotation process of the rotor, at least two independent coils are connected in parallel in one rotation period, and the central angle of a track of each independent coil and the angle of the coil are respectively smaller than or equal to 180 degrees.

2. A pair of group pole parallel motors as claimed in claim 1, wherein in one rotation cycle there are times when at least three/four/five/six independent coils are connected in parallel with each other;

in each rotation period, the time when at least two/three/four/five/six independent coils are connected in parallel is larger than 1/Z rotation period, and Z is equal to 2, 3, 4 or 5;

the central angle of the track of each independent coil is greater than 90 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees;

the coil angle of each individual coil is greater than 90 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees.

3. The pair of parallel group-pole motors of claim 2, wherein the positive conducting ring comprises a positive effective section arc, the negative conducting ring comprises a negative effective section arc, a gap arc is formed between the positive effective section arc and the negative effective section arc, and the central angle of the track formed by the two power connection end points of each independent coil is larger than the gap arc.

4. The pair of group pole parallel motors of claim 3,

the central angle of the track of each independent coil is more than 120 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees;

the coil angle of each independent coil is greater than 120 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees;

the conducting ring/magnet is a whole body or is cut into two or more adjacent conducting rings/magnets;

the positive conducting ring and the negative conducting ring have the same circle center, so that the positive effective section radian forms the positive conducting ring, and the negative effective section radian forms the negative conducting ring.

5. The pair of group pole parallel motors of claim 4, wherein the coil angle of the individual coils is equal to or approaching 180 degrees;

the central angle of the track of the independent coil is equal to or approaches to 180 degrees;

and the approach range is within 20 degrees, 10 degrees, 5 degrees or 2 degrees approaching 180 degrees.

6. The pair of group-pole parallel motor according to claim 5, wherein the positive conductive ring effective section and the negative conductive ring effective section are both close to zero, and the negative conductive ring effective section is isolated from the positive conductive ring effective section by an insulating film.

7. The pair of parallel group-pole motors as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein each of said independent coils is formed by winding enameled wires on any two winding slots of the core.

8. The pair of parallel-wound, group-pole machines of claim 7, wherein each individual coil spans the same number of winding slots;

alternatively, there are at least two groups of independent coils spanning different numbers of winding slots.

9. The pair of parallel group pole machines of claim 8, wherein the central angle of the trajectory of each individual coil is equal to the coil angle;

or the angle difference between the central angle of the track of each independent coil and the coil angle is smaller than the preset difference value.

10. The pair of parallel group-pole motors as claimed in claim 9, wherein the individual coils are wound around the core at a coil angle of 180 degrees, and the individual coils cross each other on the rotation axis a and are sequentially arranged in a circumferential direction with the rotation axis a as a center line.

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