CN1152257A - 管闭塞假体 - Google Patents
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种可逆地闭塞人体和/或动物体中液体导管的管闭塞器具。在一实施例中,该管闭塞器具包括一至少局部围住该管的细长件以及与细长件连接而张紧该细长件从而对该管加压而防止液体从中流过的部件。
Description
发明背景
本发明涉及闭塞人体中液流导管的器具和方法,特别涉及闭塞尿道以便恢复具有小便控制问题的病人的小便节制力的器具和方法。
小便失禁是种种神经疾病、外科手术、脊髓损伤等等的常见而痛苦的后遗症。为了恢复具有小便控制问题的病人的小便节制,已研制出种种尿道闭塞器具。
特别是,使用液压松紧套的器具被用来闭塞尿道,例如可见:
Timm,G.W.,Merrill,D.E.和Bradley,W.E.“间歇闭塞装置”,IEEE生物医学工程学报,BME-17:352,1970。
Timm,G.W.,“一种可植入的节制装置”,生物力学(J.Biomechanics),4:213-219,1971。
美国专利No.3,744,063;1973年7月10日公告。
美国专利No.3,863,622;1975年2月4日公告。
美国专利No.4,571,749;1986年2月25日公告。
美国专利No.4,731,083;1988年3月15日公告。
美国专利No.4,784,660;1988年11月15日公告。
液压松紧套的一个特殊问题是它们作用在尿道上的压力往往不均匀。松紧套膨胀时往往不均匀地卷起或改变其形状,从而作用在尿道上的闭塞力也不均匀,从而长期使用会造成尿道糜烂。
治疗小便失禁的另一种方法是用手术调整尿道与膀胱之间的角度。这一角度常叫作尿道膀胱接合角,这种方法的问题自然是手术效果不易掌握,因此必需由训练有素的大夫进行这项手术。
本发明对现有尿道闭塞器具和方法作出重大改进。发明综述
本发明涉及可逆地闭塞人体中各种液流导管的器具和方法。
本发明可用来控制和/或闭塞人体和/或动物体中各种液流导管中的液流。其应用场合包括控制大便失禁、控制早泄从而控制阳萎、控制胆汁、控制男性和女性的生育、控制血管中的血流等等。本发明可应用于人体中的大多数液管。在许多场合本发明按需要闭塞液管而切断液流。在其它场合本发明控制流过液管的液流流量。
本发明一实施例涉及一种可逆地闭塞病人尿道的闭塞器具和方法。
在一优选实施例中,该尿道闭塞器具和方法包括一至少是局部地围住尿道的细长件。所述细长件连接有使细长件张紧的部件,从而使闭塞力作用于尿道上而阻止尿液流过。
在一实施例中,该细长件基本围绕在尿道圆周上而形成一套住尿道的环,当该细长件张紧时,环的直径变小而施加一闭塞尿道的径向向里力。
在另一实施例中,该细长件只局部围住尿道圆周,当该细长件张紧时,该细长件在尿道上至少局部地施加一侧向弯曲力,从而改变尿道角度而闭塞尿道。
在本发明一实施例中,该细长件局部地套在一柔性护套中,该护套把该细长件与尿道隔开,该护套的制作材料在细长件张紧时最好不出现或少出现褶皱。
在本发明一优选实施例中,该护套用泡沫聚四氟乙烯(多孔PTFE)制成。
在一实施例中,该细长件的一部分可滑动地套在一基本不可压缩的管中。该护套的至少一端紧连该管。若该细长件形成一套住尿道的环,则该护套的两端都与该管连接,因此当张紧或拉动细长件时,护套的长度收缩而在尿道上施加力。
在一实施例中,用一滑轮和弹簧组件张紧该细长件,在另一实施例中,用手起动滑轮组件,在又一实施例中,用电动机驱动该滑轮。
在一实施例中,该滑轮组件包括两个安装成可围绕同一轴线转动的滑轮。这两个滑轮由一用作吸震器的圈簧相连而吸收该装置中的任何间隙并吸收操作中的过大的力或阻力,从而使该器具的工作更平稳,该圈簧还张紧细长件,从而形成一套住尿道的预置闭塞力。
在另一实施例中,本发明涉及一种施加尿道闭塞力的机电器具和方法,它使用一腹压传感器把表示膀胱外的腹压的输入信号送到一电子控制器,而该电子控制器根据从该压力传感器传来的输入信号控制细长件的张力。
本发明的一优选实施例可全部植入病人人体中。
在又一实施例中,该可植入器具无需使用穿过病人皮肤的管子、导线或其它外部控制装置。
本发明一实施例的一个优点是,它不使用液压松紧套,因此在闭塞尿道时作用在尿道圆周上的径向力更均匀。
作为本发明一部分的后附权利要求书特别指出本发明特有的这些和其它种种新颖特征和优点。不过,为了更好地理解本发明,其使用中的优点和目的,必须参阅进一步构成本发明的一部分的附图以及例示并叙述本发明一优选实施例的说明书。
附图的简要说明
在所有附图中,同一部件一般用同一标号或字母表示。
图1为按照本发明原理的尿道闭塞器具一实施例的局部剖视的侧视图;
图2为图1所示实施例的侧视图,但该闭塞装置受启动而闭塞尿道;
图3为图1和图2所示实施例的分解图;
图4为本发明装有一驱动电动机的另一实施例的示意图;
图5A、B为尿道闭塞器具又一实施例的示意图,该器具的一细长件的顶端紧固在尿道一侧的骨头上,该细长件可在一外套件中滑动,而该外套件固定在尿道另一侧的骨头上;以及
图6A、B为表示图5A、B实施例与尿道相互作用的示意图;
图7为装有控制器和压力传感器以便自动操作的尿道闭塞器具的又一实施例的示意图。
优选实施例的详细说明
如上所述,本发明器具和方法可用于人体和动物体中用来传送液体的种种不同导管。下面列出本发明一些应用场合,但并未列出本发明的所有应用场合。本发明可用来控制大便失禁、控制早泄从而控制阳萎、控制胆汁、控制输精管中的精液从而控制男性生育、控制输卵管排卵从而控制女性生育、控制血管中的血流以便进行血管研究等等。
上面只是本发明许多应用中的一些应用,下面就本发明用来闭塞尿道从而控制小便失禁详述本发明,应该指出,所示尿道只有一腔或管道,但在诸如控制早泄之类的许多应用中,本发明闭塞多个腔。
该优选实施例中的本发明尿道闭塞器具和方法设计成可全部植入。该器具没有穿过皮肤的管子或导线或其它机电连接。此外,在优选实施例中无需使用外部装置开动该器具,但可能使用成对线圈或是为该器具连续供电或是对植入的电池充电以便向该器具供电。整个器具最好可用现有的内窥镜技术或其它侵害最小的技术插入。
在优选实施例中,该尿道闭塞器具用与人体不排斥的材料制成,其几何形状与人体相一致。在一实施例中,所用材料可以是钛、不锈钢或可植入塑料,该器具的尺寸可为1×3×5cm。在优选实施例中,与体液和/或组织接触的所有表面通过比方说美国药典6级毒性和致热测试。此外,角和边均呈圆角;所有表面均不会磨损身体构造。优选实施例的尿道闭塞器具重量轻而不易移动。一实施例重约100克。
在优选实施例中,使用者不用费力或费神便可懂得该尿道闭塞器具的使用方法从而加以控制,不损害皮肤便能闭塞或松开尿道。该器具的闭塞/松开机构的大小便于使用者抓住。在另一些实施例中该闭塞/松开装置可以是机电控制型,也可以用成对线圈或射频(RF)信号之类的无线装置予以控制。在又一些实施例中,可从体外改变张紧算法。
在优选实施例中,作用在尿道上的闭塞力足以防止漏尿但又不致大到危害排尿,该压力在闭塞状态下最好不 维持超过100cm H20的压力10分钟以上。而且,该器具在打开或松开状态不妨碍排尿。
该器具的一些实施例可用膀胱内高压自动解除压力。在一优选实施例中,逼尿肌收缩(膀胱肌收缩)而产生大于120cm H2O膀胱内压(正常排泄压估计值)在被装在该器具中的腹部传感器感知到时会解除尿道上的压力。
最好是,若尿道闭塞器具不起作用,将使病人处于其植入前的失禁状态。该器具不与身体组织起反应,该尿道器具中的材料为可植入型并且病人对之不过敏。该器具在咳嗽、用劲或腹压因其它原因突然升高时最好不会漏尿。该器具的一优选实施例有一放置在腹腔中的传感器把张紧信息反馈给控制器,该传感器在逼尿肌不发生收缩时感知使得膀胱内压力(即膀胱压力)升高的腹内、膀胱外压力。当这发生在尿道括约肌无法收缩时,就会发生小便失禁,该传感器还可传感与逼尿肌活动有关的神经中而使该尿道闭塞器具作出适当反应。
该器具所用材料在与体液和组织接触时最好不会变质从而该器具可长期使用。在优选实施例中,该器具可获得的最大起动压力是固有的,从而不取决于使用者操纵该器具的能力。
更确切地,图1-3以标号40示出本发明一优选实施例。该尿道闭塞器具40包括一安装成可围绕一界定一转动轴线的轴向件41转动的滑轮42。一部件44绕过一引导滑轮43而套在滑轮42上。该部件44的第一端44a由一系紧件46连接到该器具40的壳体45上。该部件44的另一端系在滑轮42的一凹槽中。在一实施例中,该部件44可直接套到滑轮42上或套到滑轮42的不到一圈上;在另一实施例中部件44可在滑轮上绕上一圈或多圈。
一圈簧(卷簧、盘簧)48同轴地套在滑轮42上。该圈簧48的第一端48a固定在滑轮42上,而第二端48b固定在一可围绕轴线41转动的大直径滑轮50上。一由一圈簧53沿轴向偏置的销52在顺时针转动滑轮42预定距离时与一销54对齐,该销54可滑动地套在一壳体部45a中且销54的端部有一按钮55。在所示实施例中,壳体部45a用连接件47装到其余壳体上。当销52与销54对齐时,销52沿轴向偏置销54并伸入壳体54a一供销在其中滑动的孔中。可用按钮55把销54沿轴向向后推向销52而把销52推出壳体48a的该孔,从而使滑轮42在弹簧48的张力作用下逆时针转动。
诸如钢丝58之类的柔性细长件套在一空心、轴向无法压缩的导管62中而可在其中滑动。该钢丝58最好沿其纵轴线大致不具弹性,从而用力拉动钢丝58的第一端可引起其第二端移动。钢丝58的顶端部从导管60的开口端61伸出后回绕并连接到导管60的端部从而形成一可套住尿道64的环62。钢丝58的该顶端部可滑动地套在其两端连接到导管60的端部61上的一护套63中。该护套63把尿道与钢丝隔开并在钢丝张紧时收紧尿道。在一优选实施例中,护套63由泡沫聚四氟乙烯制成。
导管60装在内置滑轮42、50的壳体45上并从该壳体45伸出。钢丝58的一端固定在滑轮50上。在所示实施例中,钢丝58的该端装有一圆柱件66。该圆柱件66用一定位螺钉68固定在滑轮50的一凹槽67中。
尽管壳体45由刚性较大的不受生物体排斥的材料制成,但其顶面有一弹体柔性膜70,如图2所示,它受力时向里变形而移动部件44。可以看到,使用者只须下压该柔性膜70旁的皮肤即可施加该力。
如图2所示,下压膜70,部件44移动而使滑轮42转动,这又靠互连滑轮42、50的圈簧48而造成滑轮50转动。滑轮50的转动使得钢丝件58张紧,如图2所示,这继而造成由钢丝48和护套63形成的环62的尺寸变小,从而在尿道64上施加闭塞力而闭合尿路65而防止漏尿。
在所示实施例中,当用力下压柔性膜70时,滑轮42把受弹簧偏置的销52转动到与销54沿轴向对齐的位置,从而该受弹簧偏置的销52插入壳体部45a的供销54在其中滑动的一轴向孔中。因此,此时滑轮42、50锁定在工作状态而拉紧钢丝58而闭塞尿道64。若想放松钢丝58,只须从壳体54该边下压按钮55,从而销54把销52推出壳体部45a的该孔,滑轮42即可自由转动,从而撤销或减小钢丝58的张力,从而环62变大而不再闭塞尿道64。
图4为本发明另一实施例,该实施例有一电动机100。电动机100的驱动轴104上有一皮带轮102。该皮带轮102与滑轮42相连而转动滑轮42。在所示实施例中,皮带轮102由一固定在驱动皮带轮102和滑轮42上的细长件106连接,引导滑轮108用来引导该细长件106。可以看到,驱动电动机100由一用电线110与该驱动电动机100相连的电源供电。使用电动机100可改变钢丝件58上的张力。而且,电动机100最好包括一制动机构,以便把该器具保持在工作状态。电动机可按不同条件用手开动或自动开动。
图5A、 B示出本发明又一实施例,其中,钢丝件58和护套63的一端固定在人体中位于尿道64一边上的耻骨109上。护套63的另一端与导管60连接。导管60又固定在尿道64另一边的耻骨109上。因此在该实施例中无需形成一围绕尿道的环。当拉紧钢丝件58时,钢丝件58和护套63与耻骨109协作而闭塞尿道64。钢丝58和护套63一起在尿道的一部分上作用一侧向弯曲力而弯曲或弯折尿道从而使之闭塞。这一点可从示出尿道64和膀胱71的图6A、B中看得最清楚。图6A示出该尿道闭塞器具处于松开状态,而图6B示出其闭塞状态。
图7示出本发明又一实施例,它包括一与腹压传感器122和电源124电连接的控制器120。控制器120植入人体中而用向电动机100供电的电线110与尿道闭塞器具40的电动机100连接。压力传感器122放置在靠近膀胱的膀胱前空间中而感知腹内压力并传送代表感知到的压力的信号。压力传感器122一旦检测到预定压力,控制器120就按照预定算法或预先编程的逻辑开动尿道闭塞器具40。若腹内压力小于约为20cm H2O的膀胱静压,该算法就松开钢丝。若腹内压力大于20cm H2O,就成比例增大该张力,直到达到最大闭塞压力100cm H2O。而钢丝随着腹内压力的下降而重新松开。因此,钢丝多半处于松开状态,从而进一步减小尿道糜烂的危险性。
电源124可使用电池或外部电源。控制器120可具有与各种周边设备、包括用电源线插入AC插口的适配器/充电器互连的接口性。可用成对变压线圈或其它合适方法实现该互连。这一互连还可从外部预设和/或修正预定算法。使用成对变压线圈之类的互连方法可以无需使用穿过皮肤的导线或其它物理连接器即可实现该接口。可以看出,该实施例最好包括程序逻辑,从而不管在该尿道闭塞器具40植入前还是植入后都可对不同的参数设定、功能等等进行编程。
看完上述说明后应该指出,虽然上面说明了本发明各实施例的种种特征和优点以及本发明结构和功能的详情,但这只是例示性的,因此在表达后附权利要求的术语的宽广意义所指明的本发明整个原理内可对细节、特别是各部件的形状、大小和布置作出种种改动。
Claims (25)
1.一种可逆地闭塞人体中液体导管的闭塞器具,它包括:
至少局部围住该导管的一细长件;以及
与所述细长件连接从而张紧该细长件从而在该导管上施加压力而阻止液体流过该导管的部件。
2.一种控制人体的液体导管中的液流的方法,包括下列步骤:
用一细长件围住尿道的至少一部分;以及
张紧该细长件而闭塞该尿道。
3.一种按权利要求2所述的控制大便失禁的方法。
4.一种按权利要求2所述的控制早泄的方法。
5.一种按权利要求2所述的控制胆汁的方法。
6.一种按权利要求2所述的控制输精管中的精液从而控制男性生育的方法。
7.一种按权利要求2所述的控制输卵管排卵从而控制女性生育的方法。
8.一种按权利要求2所述的控制血管中血液的方法。
9.一种可逆地闭塞病人尿道的尿道闭塞器具,它包括:
至少局部围住尿道的一细长件;以及
与所述细长件连接、从而张紧该细长件而对尿道施加压力而阻止尿液流过尿道的部件。
10.按权利要求9所述的尿道闭塞器具,进一步包括一确定腹内压力的传感器,从而张紧钢丝的所述部件按照腹内压力的变动调节钢丝的张力。
11.按权利要求9所述的尿道闭塞器具,其中,所述细长件形成一套住闭道的环。
12.按权利要求9所述的尿道闭塞器具,其中,所述细长件的端部套入在一护套中,从而该细长件张紧时所述护套对尿道加压。
13.按权利要求12所述的尿道闭塞器具,其中,该细长件的一端与所述张紧部件连接;该细长件的另一端滑动地穿过一不可压缩导管而伸出该导管。
14.按权利要求12所述的尿道闭塞器具,其中,所述张紧部件包括一等拉力弹簧。
15.按权利要求12所述的尿道闭塞器具,其中,所述张紧部件包括一扭簧。
16.按权利要求9所述的尿道闭塞器具,其中张紧部件包括启动和释放所述张紧部件的部件,所述启动和释放部件可从体外操作。
17.按权利要求10所述的尿道闭塞器具,其中,所述张紧部件在膀胱的压力超过120cm H2O时调节细长件的张力而撤除尿道上的压力。
18.按权利要求9所述的尿道闭塞器具,进一步包括一可滑动地套在该细长件端部上而对生物体无害的护套。
19.一种可逆地闭塞病人尿道的尿道闭塞器具,它包括:
围住尿道而形成一套住尿道的环的一细长件;
与所述细长件连接而改变该环的直径的张紧件;以及
与该张紧件连接从而启动和释放该尿道闭塞器具的启动件。
20.按权利要求19所述的器具,其中,用手开动该启动件。
21.按权利要求19所述的器具,其中,自动开动该启动件。
22.按权利要求19所述的器具,其中,尿道闭塞器具构作成可植入人体。
23.一种控制失禁的方法,包括下列步骤:
用一细长件围住至少一部分尿道;以及
张紧该细长件而闭塞尿道。
24.按权利要求23所述的方法,进一步包括下列步骤:传感腹内压力并根据传感到的该压力调节细长件的张力。
25.一种器具,包括:
至少局部围住尿道的一钢丝;
传感腹压的腹压传感器;以及
根据腹压传感器传感的腹压控制钢丝张力的机电张力控制器。
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US27341894A | 1994-07-11 | 1994-07-11 | |
US08/273,418 | 1994-07-11 |
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- 1995-06-19 EP EP95923097A patent/EP0769928B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-19 AU AU27769/95A patent/AU701572B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-06-19 WO PCT/US1995/007777 patent/WO1996001597A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-06-19 DE DE69507955T patent/DE69507955T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-06-19 BR BR9508231A patent/BR9508231A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-06-19 JP JP8504307A patent/JPH10502547A/ja active Pending
- 1995-06-19 ES ES95923097T patent/ES2132682T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1996
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Cited By (5)
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CN101138528B (zh) * | 2000-02-11 | 2015-02-25 | 波坦蒂卡股份公司 | 带能量变换装置的阳萎治疗设备 |
CN101175458B (zh) * | 2005-05-18 | 2010-08-18 | Gt泌尿学公司 | 可植入失禁用设备的药物洗脱 |
CN104797204A (zh) * | 2012-10-16 | 2015-07-22 | 乔纳森·费瑟斯通 | 肾输尿管切除装置 |
WO2022037161A1 (zh) * | 2020-08-18 | 2022-02-24 | 湖南揽月医疗科技有限公司 | 测量阴茎表面硬度的装置 |
CN113907914A (zh) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-01-11 | 德宝恒生科技服务有限公司 | 一种调控尿道压力的装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU701572B2 (en) | 1999-02-04 |
DE69507955D1 (de) | 1999-04-01 |
WO1996001597A2 (en) | 1996-01-25 |
JPH10502547A (ja) | 1998-03-10 |
DE69507955T2 (de) | 1999-08-12 |
BR9508231A (pt) | 1997-12-23 |
WO1996001597A3 (en) | 1996-03-14 |
AU2776995A (en) | 1996-02-09 |
EP0769928A2 (en) | 1997-05-02 |
US5704893A (en) | 1998-01-06 |
EP0769928B1 (en) | 1999-02-24 |
ES2132682T3 (es) | 1999-08-16 |
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