CN115097669B - Display device and working method thereof - Google Patents
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- CN115097669B CN115097669B CN202210307843.0A CN202210307843A CN115097669B CN 115097669 B CN115097669 B CN 115097669B CN 202210307843 A CN202210307843 A CN 202210307843A CN 115097669 B CN115097669 B CN 115097669B
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- 239000004983 Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229920000106 Liquid crystal polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004977 Liquid-crystal polymers (LCPs) Substances 0.000 description 6
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- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
- G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
- G02F1/133607—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members the light controlling member including light directing or refracting elements, e.g. prisms or lenses
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the disclosure provides a display device and a working method thereof, wherein the display device comprises a light source, a light guide structure and a light guide module arranged at one side of the light guide structure; the light guide module is positioned between the light source and the light guide structure; the light guide module comprises a superlens structure and a dimming structure, the dimming structure is positioned between the superlens structure and the light guide structure, the superlens structure converts light rays emitted by the light source into parallel light, and the dimming structure adjusts the direction of the parallel light to enable the adjusted parallel light to be transmitted in the light guide structure in a total reflection mode. The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure overcomes the defect that light rays emitted by the light source in the prior art are emitted from the liquid crystal box to form stray light to influence the display effect.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the disclosure relates to the technical field of display, in particular to a display device and a working method thereof.
Background
The liquid crystal display device (Liquid Crystal Display, LCD for short) has been rapidly developed, which has the characteristics of small size, low power consumption, no radiation, and the like. The Liquid Crystal display panel comprises a thin film transistor array (Thin Film Transistor, abbreviated as TFT) substrate and a Color Filter (abbreviated as CF) substrate of a CELL (CELL), liquid Crystal (LC) molecules are arranged between the array substrate and the opposite substrate, and an electric field for driving the Liquid Crystal to deflect is formed by controlling a common electrode and a pixel electrode, so that gray scale display is realized.
As the liquid crystal display technology is mature, the liquid crystal display technology is increasingly applied to transparent display. Transparent display is an important personalized display field of display technology, and is to display pictures in a transparent state, so that a viewer can see not only images displayed on a display device but also the background behind the display device. The transparent display can comprise single-sided transparent display and double-sided transparent display, and the double-sided transparent display can be widely applied to transparent showcases, display walls, traffic signs, transparent vehicle-mounted display, home display, window display, wearable display and the like, and has good prospects.
In practical application, the display device has the problem that light emitted by the light source is emitted from the liquid crystal box to form stray light to influence the display effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the disclosure aims to solve the technical problem that stray light is emitted from a liquid crystal box by light rays emitted by a light source to affect a display effect.
In order to solve the technical problems, the embodiment of the application provides a display device, which comprises a light source, a light guide structure and a light guide module arranged at one side of the light guide structure; the light guide module is positioned between the light source and the light guide structure;
the light guide module comprises a superlens structure and a dimming structure, the dimming structure is positioned between the superlens structure and the light guide structure, the superlens structure converts light rays emitted by the light source into parallel light, and the dimming structure adjusts the direction of the parallel light to enable the adjusted parallel light to be transmitted in the light guide structure in a total reflection mode.
In an exemplary embodiment, the super lens structure includes a first transparent substrate, and a plurality of first transparent electrodes, a plurality of super surface structures arranged in an array, a first liquid crystal layer, and a plurality of second transparent electrodes sequentially disposed on a side of the first transparent substrate away from the light guiding structure;
in the plane of the super-lens structure, the extending directions of the first transparent electrodes and the second transparent electrodes are crossed, and a plurality of first overlapping areas exist on orthographic projections of the first transparent electrodes and the second transparent electrodes on the first transparent substrate;
orthographic projections of the plurality of super-surface structures on the first transparent substrate at least partially overlap the plurality of first overlapping regions.
In an exemplary embodiment, the super surface structure is cylindrical.
In an exemplary embodiment, the height of the cylindrical super surface structure is 550 nm to 650 nm and the diameter of the cylindrical super surface structure is 40 nm to 200 nm.
In an exemplary embodiment, the super surface structure employs a titanium dioxide material.
In an exemplary embodiment, the first liquid crystal layer has a thickness of 2.5 micrometers to 3.5 micrometers.
In an exemplary embodiment, the refractive index of the liquid crystal in the first liquid crystal layer is 1.5 to 1.7.
In an exemplary embodiment, the light source is disposed at a focal position of the superlens structure, and an orthographic projection of the light source on the first transparent substrate is located at a center position of the first transparent substrate.
In an exemplary embodiment, the superlens structure has a dimension in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the light guiding structure of 10 micrometers to 15 micrometers.
In an exemplary embodiment, the super lens structure further includes a second transparent substrate, the second transparent substrate is disposed on a side of the second transparent electrode away from the first liquid crystal layer, a packaging structure is disposed between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate, and the first transparent substrate, the packaging structure, and the second transparent substrate form a closed space for accommodating the first transparent electrode, the plurality of super surface structures, the first liquid crystal layer, and the second transparent electrode.
In an exemplary embodiment, the phase of the light rays at the light exit position in each of the super surface structures satisfies the following formula:
wherein (1)>Is the phase of the light at the position of the mth super surface structure; lambda (lambda) i Is the wavelength of the ith color light; r is the position of the first transparent substrate along one row or one column direction in the array formed by the plurality of super-surface structures; r is (r) offset Is the focus offset of the superlens; f is the focal length of the superlens structure.
In an exemplary embodiment, the light modulation structure is a wedge lens, the light incident surface of the wedge lens faces the superlens structure, the light emergent surface faces the light guide structure, the propagation direction of the parallel light is perpendicular to the light incident surface, and the extending direction of the light emergent surface and the extending direction of the light incident surface form an acute angle;
or the dimming structure is a gradient refractive index lens, and the refractive index of the gradient refractive index lens is gradually increased or gradually decreased along the direction perpendicular to the propagation direction of the parallel light;
or the dimming structure is a gradient lens, the gradient lens is formed by arranging a plurality of wedge lenses along the direction perpendicular to the parallel light, one side of the wedge lenses, which faces the super lens structure, forms a light inlet surface of the gradient lens, a plurality of sub light outlet surfaces, which face one side of the light guide structure, of the wedge lenses form a light outlet surface of the gradient lens, the propagation direction of the parallel light is perpendicular to the light inlet surface, and the extending direction of each sub light outlet surface forms an acute angle with the extending direction of the light inlet surface;
alternatively, the dimming structure is a fresnel lens.
In an exemplary embodiment, the display device includes a display panel including a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other;
the first substrate and the second substrate are multiplexed into the light guide structure; or, the light guide structure comprises a light guide plate, and the light guide plate is arranged on one side of the first substrate far away from the second substrate, or the light guide plate is arranged on one side of the second substrate far away from the first substrate.
In an exemplary embodiment, the light guide plate is provided with a dot so that the parallel light is incident into the display panel at the dot position.
In an exemplary embodiment, a dot is disposed on a side of the light guide plate facing the display panel, and the parallel light can be incident into the first substrate or the second substrate at the dot position.
In an exemplary embodiment, the display panel further includes: a second liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a driving circuit layer, a pixel electrode layer and a first orientation layer which are sequentially arranged on one side of the first substrate facing the second liquid crystal layer; and a black matrix layer, a common electrode layer, and a second alignment layer sequentially disposed at a side of the second substrate facing the second liquid crystal layer.
In an exemplary embodiment, the second liquid crystal layer material comprises a polymer dispersed liquid crystal and/or a polymer stabilized liquid crystal.
The display device comprises a light source, a light guide structure and a light guide module arranged on one side of the light guide structure; the light guide module is positioned between the light source and the light guide structure; the light guide module comprises a superlens structure and a dimming structure, and the dimming structure is positioned between the superlens structure and the light guide structure; the super-lens structure comprises a first transparent substrate, a plurality of first transparent electrodes, a plurality of super-surface structures, a first liquid crystal layer and a plurality of second transparent electrodes, wherein the plurality of first transparent electrodes, the plurality of super-surface structures, the first liquid crystal layer and the plurality of second transparent electrodes are sequentially arranged on one side, far away from the light guide structure, of the first transparent substrate;
the method comprises the following steps: and applying different voltages to the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode in the super-lens structure to convert light rays emitted by the light source into parallel light.
The display device comprises a light source, a light guide structure and a light guide module arranged on one side of the light guide structure, wherein the light guide module is positioned between the light source and the light guide structure, the light guide module comprises a superlens structure and a dimming structure, the dimming structure is positioned between the superlens structure and the light guide structure, the superlens structure converts light rays emitted by the light source into parallel light, and the parallel light can be transmitted in the light guide structure in a total reflection mode after being regulated by the dimming structure. The defect that stray light is formed when light rays emitted by a light source are emitted from the liquid crystal box in the prior art to influence the display effect is overcome.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosed embodiments and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain, without limitation, the disclosed embodiments. The shapes and sizes of various components in the drawings are not to scale true, and are intended to be illustrative of the present disclosure.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 3 illustrates a side view of a superlens structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 illustrates a plan view of a superlens structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the position A-A of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of another cross-sectional structure of the position A-A in FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a superlens structure;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of wave fronts of light waves before and after the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode are energized in the superlens structure;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of light energy distribution in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a dimming structure provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating another dimming structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating another dimming structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 13 is a schematic plan view of a light emitting surface side of the dimming structure of fig. 12;
fig. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating another dimming structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 15a is a schematic diagram illustrating another dimming structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 15b is a schematic plan view of a light emitting surface side of the dimming structure of fig. 15 a;
fig. 16 is a schematic view illustrating a structure of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 17 is a schematic plan view of a side of the light guide plate facing the display panel;
fig. 18 is a schematic structural view of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 19 is a schematic view showing a structure of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram showing the wavelength of light, diameter of a cylindrical super surface structure, and corresponding phase relationship;
FIG. 21 is a graph showing the relationship between the diameter and phase of a cylindrical super surface structure when the wavelength of light is about 530 nm;
FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram showing the transmittance of a superlens structure versus the diameter of a cylindrical supersurface structure.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure more apparent, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that embodiments may be implemented in a number of different forms. One of ordinary skill in the art can readily appreciate the fact that the manner and content may be varied into a wide variety of forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the present disclosure should not be construed as being limited to the following description of the embodiments. Embodiments of the present disclosure and features of embodiments may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict. In order to keep the following description of the embodiments of the present disclosure clear and concise, the present disclosure omits a detailed description of some known functions and known components. The drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure relate only to the structures related to the embodiments of the present disclosure, and other structures may refer to the general design.
The scale of the drawings in this disclosure may be referred to in the actual process, but is not limited thereto. For example: the width-to-length ratio of the channel, the thickness and the spacing of each film layer, and the width and the spacing of each signal line can be adjusted according to actual needs. The number of pixels in the display substrate and the number of sub-pixels in each pixel are not limited to the number shown in the drawings, the drawings described in the present disclosure are only schematic structural drawings, and one mode of the present disclosure is not limited to the shapes or values shown in the drawings, etc.
The ordinal numbers of "first", "second", "third", etc. in the present specification are provided to avoid mixing of constituent elements, and are not intended to be limited in number.
In the present specification, for convenience, words such as "middle", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, which indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship, are used to describe positional relationships of constituent elements with reference to the drawings, only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific azimuth, be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present disclosure. The positional relationship of the constituent elements is appropriately changed according to the direction in which the respective constituent elements are described. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the words described in the specification, and may be appropriately replaced according to circumstances.
In this specification, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; may be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intermediate members, or may be in communication with the interior of two elements. The specific meaning of the terms in this disclosure will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in the specific context.
In this specification, "electrically connected" includes a case where constituent elements are connected together by an element having some electric action. The "element having a certain electric action" is not particularly limited as long as it can transmit and receive an electric signal between the constituent elements connected. Examples of the "element having some electric action" include not only an electrode and a wiring but also a switching element such as a transistor, a resistor, an inductor, a capacitor, other elements having various functions, and the like.
In the present specification, "parallel" means a state in which two straight lines form an angle of-10 ° or more and 10 ° or less, and therefore, a state in which the angle is-5 ° or more and 5 ° or less is also included. The term "perpendicular" refers to a state in which the angle formed by two straight lines is 80 ° or more and 100 ° or less, and thus includes a state in which the angle is 85 ° or more and 95 ° or less.
In this specification, "film" and "layer" may be exchanged with each other. For example, the "conductive layer" may be sometimes replaced with a "conductive film". In the same manner, the "insulating film" may be replaced with the "insulating layer" in some cases.
The triangle, rectangle, trapezoid, pentagon or hexagon, etc. in this specification are not strictly defined, but may be approximated to triangle, rectangle, trapezoid, pentagon or hexagon, etc., and there may be some small deformation due to tolerance, and there may be lead angles, arc edges, deformation, etc.
The term "about" in this disclosure refers to values that are not strictly limited to the limits, but are allowed to fall within the limits of the process and measurement errors.
The transparent display device based on a polymer stabilized liquid crystal (Polymer Stabilized Liquid Crystal, PSLC) material system has the advantages of high transparency, high response speed, color display and the like, the polymer stabilized liquid crystal in the liquid crystal box adopts a side light-in mode, the liquid crystal box plays a role in light guide when displaying, and when a screen needs to display, the display area of the liquid crystal box applies voltage to deflect the liquid crystal, scatter light and realize a display function, namely bright state display; when the screen does not need to be displayed, no voltage is applied to the two sides of the liquid crystal box, and the display is in a transparent state, namely in a dark state.
Because transparent display device adopts the side income light mode, the light source is usually placed in the screen side, and light in the transparent display screen adopts the form propagation of waveguide, and the display screen also is the light guide plate simultaneously, and light adopts total reflection's mode to propagate in the display screen to guarantee light forward propagation, the light that the light source launched in the practical application, some light can uncontrolled follow liquid crystal box in the light that launches, forms the stray light, leads to the loss of light source outgoing light, causes luminance, contrast, show homogeneity to reduce to some extent, thereby influence the display effect.
The embodiment of the disclosure provides a display device, which can comprise a light source, a light guide structure and a light guide module arranged at one side of the light guide structure; the light guide module is positioned between the light source and the light guide structure;
the light guide module comprises a superlens structure and a dimming structure, the dimming structure is positioned between the superlens structure and the light guide structure, the superlens structure converts light rays emitted by the light source into parallel light, and the dimming structure adjusts the direction of the parallel light to enable the adjusted parallel light to be transmitted in the light guide structure in a total reflection mode.
The display device provided by the embodiment of the disclosure comprises a light source, a light guide structure and a light guide module arranged on one side of the light guide structure, wherein the light guide module is positioned between the light source and the light guide structure, the light guide module comprises a superlens structure and a dimming structure, the dimming structure is positioned between the superlens structure and the light guide structure, the superlens structure converts light rays emitted by the light source into parallel light, and the parallel light can be transmitted in the light guide structure in a total reflection mode after being regulated by the dimming structure. The defect that stray light is formed when light rays emitted by a light source are emitted from the liquid crystal box in the prior art to influence the display effect is overcome.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the display device may include a light source 10, a light guide structure 20, and a light guide module 30 disposed at one side of the light guide structure; the light guide module 30 is located between the light source 10 and the light guide structure 20;
the light guide module 30 may include a superlens structure 31 and a dimming structure 32, the dimming structure 32 is located between the superlens structure 31 and the light guide structure 20, the superlens structure 31 converts light S0 emitted from the light source 10 into parallel light S1, and the dimming structure 32 adjusts the direction of the parallel light S1 so that the adjusted parallel light S1 is transmitted in the light guide structure 20 in a total reflection manner.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the light S2 of the parallel light S1 adjusted by the dimming structure 32 can be totally reflected in the light guiding structure 20, so that stray light formed by light emitted from the liquid crystal box can be avoided, loss of light emitted from the light source 10 is caused, brightness, contrast ratio and uniformity can be improved, and display effect can be improved.
In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 to 5, fig. 3 is a side view of the superlens structure 31, fig. 4 is a schematic plan view of the superlens structure 31, fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the A-A position in fig. 4, and the superlens structure 31 may include a first transparent substrate 311, and a plurality of first transparent electrodes 312, a plurality of supersurface structures 313 arranged in an array, a first liquid crystal layer 314, and a plurality of second transparent electrodes 315 sequentially disposed on a side of the first transparent substrate 311 away from the light guiding structure 20;
in the plane of the superlens structure 31, the extending directions of the first transparent electrodes and the extending directions of the second transparent electrodes intersect, and the orthographic projections of the first transparent electrodes 312 and the second transparent electrodes 315 on the first transparent substrate 311 have a plurality of first overlapping areas H1;
the front projections of the plurality of super surface structures 313 on the first transparent substrate 311 at least partially overlap the plurality of first overlapping regions H1.
In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the super lens structure further includes a second transparent substrate 317, the second transparent substrate 317 is disposed on a side of the second transparent electrode 315 away from the first liquid crystal layer 314, an encapsulation structure 316 is disposed between the first transparent substrate 311 and the second transparent substrate 317, and the first transparent substrate 311, the encapsulation structure 316 and the second transparent substrate 317 form an enclosed space containing the first transparent electrode 312, the plurality of super surface structures 313, the first liquid crystal layer 314 and the second transparent electrode 315.
In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, a cross-sectional structure of the packaging structure 316 at the A-A position in fig. 4 may use a frame sealing adhesive, where the frame sealing adhesive and the first transparent substrate 311 form an enclosed space for accommodating the plurality of super surface structures 313 and the first liquid crystal layer 314, and the second transparent electrode 315 is disposed on a side of the packaging structure 316 facing the first liquid crystal layer 314.
In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, which is another schematic cross-sectional structure of the A-A position in fig. 4, the encapsulation structure 316 is disposed in a peripheral area of the first transparent substrate 311, the encapsulation structure 316 is located between the first transparent substrate 311 and the second transparent substrate 317 in a direction perpendicular to a plane of the first transparent substrate 311, the encapsulation structure 316 and the second transparent substrate 317 form an enclosed space containing a plurality of super surface structures 313 and the first liquid crystal layer 314, and a plurality of second transparent electrodes 315 are disposed on a side of the second transparent substrate 317 facing the first transparent substrate 311.
In an exemplary embodiment, the super surface structure 313 is cylindrical, and the super surface structure 313 in the present disclosure may not be limited to a cylindrical shape, and may be, for example, a cubic structure or a rectangular parallelepiped structure.
In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the height h of the cylindrical super surface structure 313 (i.e., the dimension of the super surface structure 313 in the first direction X in fig. 7) is 550 nm to 650 nm, and the diameter R of the cylindrical super surface structure (i.e., the dimension of the super surface structure 313 in the third direction Z in fig. 7) is 40 nm to 200 nm.
In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the thickness M of the first liquid crystal layer 314 (i.e., the dimension of the first liquid crystal layer 314 along the first direction X in fig. 7) is 2.5 micrometers to 3.5 micrometers. In an exemplary embodiment, the thickness M of the first liquid crystal layer 314 may be 2.7 micrometers.
In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the dimension L of the superlens structure 31 along the direction perpendicular to the plane of the light guiding structure 20 (i.e., the dimension of the superlens structure 31 along the third direction Z in fig. 7) is 10 micrometers to 15 micrometers.
In an exemplary embodiment, the super surface structure 313 may employ a Titanium Dioxide (TiO 2) material.
In an exemplary embodiment, the first transparent substrate 311 may be made of a silicon-containing material, for example, a silicon dioxide (SiO 2) material.
In an exemplary embodiment, the refractive index of the liquid crystal in the first liquid crystal layer 314 is 1.5 to 1.7.
In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the light source 10 may be disposed at a focal position of the super lens structure 31, and an orthographic projection of the light source 10 on the first transparent substrate 311 is located at a central position of the first transparent substrate 311.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the cylindrical super surface structures 313 may be uniformly arranged on the first transparent substrate 311.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first transparent electrode 312 and the second transparent electrode 315 may employ an indium tin oxide semiconductor light-transmitting conductive film, for example, indium tin oxide may be indium tin oxide (english holly Indium Tin Oxides, abbreviated as ITO).
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the voltage of each first overlapping area H1 may be controlled by the corresponding first transparent electrode 312 and the second transparent electrode 315, so that the liquid crystal in the corresponding area is scattered, the focal length of the corresponding position is changed, when the light emitted from the light source 10 irradiates the scattered liquid crystal, the propagation direction of the light is changed, the phones with different sizes are applied, the scattering degree of the liquid crystal is also different, and the light emitted from the superlens structure 31 may be adjusted to be parallel light by combining the liquid crystal scattering and the superlens structure 313. In practical applications, the voltage of the first transparent electrode 312 and the second transparent electrode 315 may be adjusted to adjust the light emitting direction of the corresponding position of each super-surface structure 313 (i.e. each first overlapping region H1), and the voltage adjustment mode is adopted for each super-surface structure 313 in the super-lens structure 31, so that the light from the light source 10 is emitted through the super-lens structure 31 and then is converted into parallel light.
In an exemplary embodiment, the phase of the light rays at the light exit location in each of the super surface structures 313 satisfies the following formula:
wherein (1)>Is the phase of the light at the location of the mth subsurface structure 313; lambda (lambda) i Is the wavelength of the ith color light; r is the position of the first transparent substrate 311 along a row or a column direction in the array formed by a plurality of super-surface structures; r is (r) offset Is the focus offset of the superlens; f is the focal length of the superlens structure.
In the presently disclosed embodiment, superlens focus offset r, as shown in FIG. 8 offset Is an offset between the position O2 of the focus after scattering of the liquid crystal in the first liquid crystal layer 314 and the focus position O1 when the liquid crystal is not scattering. Wherein, Q1 is a schematic wave front diagram when the liquid crystal is not scattered, and Q2 is a schematic wave front diagram after the liquid crystal is scattered. When the liquid crystal is not scattered, as for the light beam with the wavefront diagram of Q1, the light beam enters the super-surface structure 313 from the F1 direction, the propagation direction of the light beam changes (the wavefront diagram becomes Q2) after the liquid crystal is scattered, the light beam enters the super-surface structure 313 from the F2 direction, and the wavelength of the same color changes only through the propagation direction of the same super-surface structure 313, so that the direction of the light beam emitted from the super-lens structure 31 is changed, and the light beam emitting direction of the plurality of first overlapping areas H1 (i.e., the directions of the light beams emitted from the super-lens structure 31) can be controlled by controlling the voltages of the plurality of first transparent electrodes 312 and the plurality of second transparent electrodes 315.
In general, the phase of the light wave changes, and the transmission direction of the light is generally perpendicular to the wavefront curved surface.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, as shown in fig. 9, a distribution diagram of light energy along with r and W is shown, where r is a position of the first transparent substrate 311 along a row or a column direction in an array formed by a plurality of super surface structures, and W is a distance between the light source 10 and the super lens structure 31. As can be seen from the energy distribution shown in fig. 9, the light source 10 has the greatest energy at the focal position of the superlens structure 31 (W value of about 10 μm) and at the center of the superlens structure 31. In fig. 9 c different colors represent different energies.
In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 10, the dimming structure 32 may be a wedge lens, and the light incident surface p1 of the wedge lens faces the superlens structure 31, the light emergent surface p2 faces the light guiding structure 20, the propagation direction of the parallel light S1 is perpendicular to the light incident surface p1, and the extending direction of the light emergent surface p2 forms an acute angle with the extending direction of the light incident surface (i.e. the angle u in fig. 10 is an acute angle).
In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 11, the dimming structure 32 is a gradient index lens having a refractive index gradually increasing or gradually decreasing in a direction perpendicular to the propagation direction of the parallel light.
In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 12, the dimming structure 32 is a gradient lens, the gradient lens is arranged along a direction perpendicular to the parallel light S2 by a plurality of wedge lenses 321, one side of the plurality of wedge lenses 321 facing the superlens structure 31 forms a light incident surface p1 of the gradient lens, a plurality of sub light emitting surfaces p21 of the plurality of wedge lenses facing the light guiding structure 20 side forms a light emitting surface p2 of the gradient lens, a propagation direction of the parallel light S1 is perpendicular to the light incident surface p1, and an extending direction of each sub light emitting surface p21 forms an acute angle with an extending direction of the light incident surface p 1.
Fig. 13 is a schematic plan view of the light emitting surface p2 in fig. 12.
As shown in fig. 14, in the case where the dimming structure 32 is a gradient lens, another arrangement of a plurality of wedge lenses 321 in the gradient lens is schematically illustrated.
In an exemplary embodiment, the light modulating structure 32 may also be a fresnel lens, as shown in fig. 15a, where the light modulating structure 32 is a side view of the fresnel lens, and fig. 15b is a schematic plan view of the light emitting surface p2 of the fresnel lens.
In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the display device further includes a display panel including a first substrate 201 and a second substrate 202 disposed opposite to each other;
as shown in fig. 1, the first substrate 201 and the second substrate 202 may be multiplexed into the light guiding structure 20; alternatively, as shown in fig. 2, the light guiding structure 32 may include a light guiding plate 203, where the light guiding plate 203 is disposed on a side of the second substrate 202 away from the first substrate 201, or as shown in fig. 16, the light guiding plate 203 is disposed on a side of the first substrate 201 away from the second substrate 202.
In an exemplary embodiment, the light guide plate 203 is provided with dots so that parallel light is incident on the display panel at the dot positions.
In an exemplary embodiment, a side of the light guide plate 203 facing the display panel is provided with a dot, and the parallel light S2 can be incident on the first substrate 201 or the second substrate 202 at the dot position. In the configuration shown in fig. 2, the collimated light S2 may enter the second substrate 202 at the dot positions; in the structure shown in fig. 16, the parallel light S2 may be incident on the first substrate 201 at the dot positions.
As shown in fig. 17, a schematic plan view of a side of the light guide plate 203 facing the display panel is shown, wherein 2031 is a dot on the light guide plate, and light totally reflected in the light guide plate 203 is incident on the display panel at the position of the dot 2031. In the junction shown in fig. 2 and 16, light emitted into the display panel by the dots 2031 can be totally reflected and transmitted between the first substrate 201 and the second substrate 203 in the display panel, and in this structure, as shown in fig. 18, the first substrate 201 and the second substrate 202 also play a role in guiding light; alternatively, after the light in the light guide plate 203 is incident on the display panel through the dots 2031, the light may not be totally reflected in the display panel, as shown in fig. 19.
In the display devices shown in fig. 16, 18 and 19, the incident angle E of the parallel light S2 in the light guiding structure 20 is larger than the critical angle of the total reflection angle after the parallel light S1 is adjusted by the dimming structure 32. For example, the incident angle E of the parallel light S2 on the surfaces of the first substrate 201 and the second substrate 202 shown in fig. 1 may be about 42 ° or greater than 42 °.
In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 16, the display panel may further include: a second liquid crystal layer 400 disposed between the first substrate 201 and the second substrate 202; a driving circuit layer 51, a pixel electrode layer 52, and a first alignment layer 53 sequentially disposed on the first substrate 201 toward the second liquid crystal layer 400; and a black matrix layer 61, a common electrode layer 62, and a second alignment layer 63 sequentially disposed at a side of the second substrate 202 facing the second liquid crystal layer 400.
In an exemplary embodiment, the second liquid crystal layer 400 material may include Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) and/or Polymer Stabilized Liquid Crystal (PSLC).
In an exemplary embodiment, the first liquid crystal layer 301 may include Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) and/or Polymer Stabilized Liquid Crystal (PSLC).
The liquid crystal layers (314 and 400) in exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure may include polymer stabilized liquid crystals, which may be referred to as liquid crystal gels (Polymer Stabilized Liquid Crystal, abbreviated as PSLCs), may be formed from a mixture of liquid crystals, polymerizable liquid crystal monomers, and photoinitiators, which polymerize upon ultraviolet irradiation, with the long-chain directions of the polymers substantially coincident with the long-axis directions of the liquid crystal molecules. When the display panel is in a non-working state (not electrified), the long axis direction of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal polymer is consistent with the extending direction of long chains in the liquid crystal polymer, the polymer stabilizes the liquid crystal to have high light transmittance, and the transmittance can reach about 90%. When the display panel is in an operating state (electrified), under the action of an electric field formed by the pixel electrode in the pixel electrode layer 52 and the common electrode in the common electrode layer 62, liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal polymer deflect, and the liquid crystal polymer is in a scattering state due to the action of a polymer network, and the display response speed is fast, and can be about 1 to 2 milliseconds, so that light rays passing through polymer stabilized liquid crystal are emitted from the first substrate side or the second substrate side, and picture display is realized. Therefore, the display substrate adopting the polymer to stabilize the liquid crystal according to the exemplary embodiment of the disclosure not only enables the display substrate to have higher transparency, but also effectively improves the transparency and response speed of double-sided transparent display. In the superlens structure 31, the liquid crystal polymer is subjected to an electric field formed by the first transparent electrode 312 and the second transparent electrode 315The liquid crystal molecules of the super lens structure 31 are deflected, and the liquid crystal polymer is in a scattering state due to the polymer network, so that the focus of the super lens structure 31 is shifted (the shift amount is r offset ) The light beam is refracted by the super-surface structure 313, so that the light beam emitted from the super-lens structure 31 has a certain angle and can be totally reflected in the light guiding structure 20.
In an exemplary embodiment, the black matrix layer 61 may be made of a material including: photo resin, black resin or chrome. Wherein, the chromium can be chromium (Cr) element or chromium oxide (CrOx).
In an exemplary embodiment, the Black Matrix layer 61 may be a Black Matrix (hereinafter, referred to as Black Matrix, BM) formed of one or more materials including a photo resin, a Black resin, and chrome.
In an exemplary embodiment, the simulation result obtained by the simulation performed by the simulation model is that, when no voltage is applied to the first transparent electrode 312 and the second transparent electrode 315 in the superlens structure 31, the light wavelength, the diameter R of the cylindrical supersurface structure 313 and the corresponding Phase relationship are as shown in fig. 20, the ordinate in fig. 20 is the optical wavelength, the abscissa in fig. 20 is the diameter R of the cylindrical supersurface structure 313, the light wavelength is about 450 nm to 700 nm, and the diameter R of the supersurface structure 313 is about 40 nm to 200 nm. As shown in fig. 21, the relationship between the diameter R of the cylindrical super surface structure 313 and the Phase is that the wavelength of light is about 530 nm, and as can be seen from fig. 21, R is in a proportional relationship with the Phase in the range of 40 nm to 200 nm.
Fig. 22 is a graph showing the transmittance of the superlens structure 31 versus the diameter R of the cylindrical supersurface structure 313.
From simulation results, it can be obtained that when the diameter R of the cylindrical super surface structure 313 is about 150 nm and the height h of the cylindrical super surface structure 313 is about 600 nm, 360 ° modulation of light with a wavelength of about 530 nm can be achieved.
The embodiment of the disclosure also provides a working method of the display device according to any one of the embodiments, where the display device may include a light source, a light guiding structure, and a light guiding module disposed at one side of the light guiding structure; the light guide module is positioned between the light source and the light guide structure; the light guide module comprises a superlens structure and a dimming structure, and the dimming structure is positioned between the superlens structure and the light guide structure; the super-lens structure comprises a first transparent substrate, a plurality of first transparent electrodes, a plurality of super-surface structures, a first liquid crystal layer and a plurality of second transparent electrodes, wherein the plurality of first transparent electrodes, the plurality of super-surface structures, the first liquid crystal layer and the plurality of second transparent electrodes are sequentially arranged on one side, far away from the light guide structure, of the first transparent substrate;
the method comprises the following steps: different voltages are applied to the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode in the superlens structure, and light rays emitted by the light source are converted into parallel light.
The display device comprises a light source, a light guide structure and a light guide module arranged on one side of the light guide structure, wherein the light guide module is positioned between the light source and the light guide structure, the light guide module comprises a superlens structure and a dimming structure, the dimming structure is positioned between the superlens structure and the light guide structure, the superlens structure converts light rays emitted by the light source into parallel light, and the parallel light can be transmitted in the light guide structure in a total reflection mode after being regulated by the dimming structure. The defect that stray light is formed when light rays emitted by a light source are emitted from the liquid crystal box in the prior art to influence the display effect is overcome.
The following points need to be described:
the drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure relate only to the structures to which the embodiments of the present disclosure relate, and reference may be made to the general design for other structures.
Features of embodiments of the present disclosure, i.e., embodiments, may be combined with one another to arrive at a new embodiment without conflict.
While the embodiments disclosed in the present disclosure are described above, the embodiments are only employed for facilitating understanding of the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. Any person skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains will appreciate that numerous modifications and changes in form and details can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, but the scope of the disclosure is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (14)
1. The display device is characterized by comprising a light source, a light guide structure and a light guide module arranged on one side of the light guide structure; the light guide module is positioned between the light source and the light guide structure;
the light guide module comprises a superlens structure and a dimming structure, the dimming structure is positioned between the superlens structure and the light guide structure in a first direction on a plane parallel to the light guide structure, the superlens structure converts light rays emitted by the light source into parallel light, and the dimming structure adjusts the direction of the parallel light to enable the adjusted parallel light to be transmitted in the light guide structure in a total reflection mode; the incidence angle of the parallel light adjusted by the dimming structure in the light guide structure is larger than or equal to 42 degrees, so that the incidence angle is larger than the critical angle of total reflection of the light in the light guide structure;
the super-lens structure comprises a first transparent substrate, a plurality of first transparent electrodes, a plurality of super-surface structures, a first liquid crystal layer and a plurality of second transparent electrodes, wherein the plurality of first transparent electrodes, the plurality of super-surface structures, the first liquid crystal layer and the plurality of second transparent electrodes are sequentially arranged on one side, far away from the light guide structure, of the first transparent substrate;
in the plane of the super-lens structure, the extending directions of the first transparent electrodes and the second transparent electrodes are crossed, and a plurality of first overlapping areas exist on orthographic projections of the first transparent electrodes and the second transparent electrodes on the first transparent substrate;
orthographic projections of the plurality of super-surface structures on the first transparent substrate at least partially overlap the plurality of first overlapping regions.
2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the super surface structure is cylindrical; the height of the cylindrical super surface structure is 550 to 650 nanometers, and the diameter of the cylindrical super surface structure is 40 to 200 nanometers.
3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the first liquid crystal layer is 2.5 micrometers to 3.5 micrometers.
4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein a refractive index of the liquid crystal in the first liquid crystal layer is 1.5 to 1.7.
5. The display device of claim 1, wherein the light source is disposed at a focal position of the superlens structure, and wherein an orthographic projection of the light source on the first transparent substrate is located at a center position of the first transparent substrate.
6. The display device of claim 1, wherein the superlens structure has a dimension in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the light guiding structure of 10 microns to 15 microns.
7. The display device of claim 1, wherein the superlens structure further comprises a second transparent substrate disposed on a side of the second transparent electrode away from the first liquid crystal layer, wherein a packaging structure is disposed between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate, and wherein the first transparent substrate, the packaging structure, and the second transparent substrate form a closed space that accommodates the first transparent electrode, the plurality of supersurface structures, the first liquid crystal layer, and the second transparent electrode.
8. The display device of claim 1, wherein the phase of the light at the light exit location in each of the super surface structures satisfies the following equation:
wherein (1)>Is the phase of the light at the position of the mth super surface structure; lambda (lambda) i Is the wavelength of the ith color light; r is the distance between the positions of the first transparent substrates along the direction of one row or one column in the array relative to the center of the first transparent substrates, or the distance between the positions of the first transparent substrates along the direction of one row or one column in the array relative to the center of the one row or one column, or the distance between the positions of the first transparent substrates along the direction of one row or one column in the array relative to the straight line which is parallel to the row or the column and passes through the center of the first transparent substrates; r is (r) offset Is the focus offset of the superlens; f is the focal length of the superlens structure.
9. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the light modulation structure is a wedge lens, the light incident surface of the wedge lens faces the super lens structure, the light emergent surface faces the light guide structure, the propagation direction of the parallel light is perpendicular to the light incident surface, and the extending direction of the light emergent surface forms an acute angle with the extending direction of the light incident surface;
or the dimming structure is a gradient refractive index lens, and the refractive index of the gradient refractive index lens is gradually increased or gradually decreased along the direction perpendicular to the propagation direction of the parallel light;
or the dimming structure is a gradient lens, the gradient lens is formed by arranging a plurality of wedge lenses along the direction perpendicular to the parallel light, one side of the wedge lenses, which faces the super lens structure, forms a light inlet surface of the gradient lens, a plurality of sub light outlet surfaces, which face one side of the light guide structure, of the wedge lenses form a light outlet surface of the gradient lens, the propagation direction of the parallel light is perpendicular to the light inlet surface, and the extending direction of each sub light outlet surface forms an acute angle with the extending direction of the light inlet surface;
alternatively, the dimming structure is a fresnel lens.
10. The display device of claim 1, further comprising a display panel comprising a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite each other;
the first substrate and the second substrate are multiplexed into the light guide structure; or, the light guide structure comprises a light guide plate, and the light guide plate is arranged on one side of the first substrate far away from the second substrate, or the light guide plate is arranged on one side of the second substrate far away from the first substrate.
11. The display device according to claim 10, wherein the light guide plate is provided with dots so that the parallel light is incident on the display panel at the dot positions.
12. The display device according to claim 10, wherein the display panel further comprises: a second liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a driving circuit layer, a pixel electrode layer and a first orientation layer which are sequentially arranged on one side of the first substrate facing the second liquid crystal layer; and a black matrix layer, a common electrode layer, and a second alignment layer sequentially disposed at a side of the second substrate facing the second liquid crystal layer.
13. The display device of claim 12, wherein the second liquid crystal layer material comprises a polymer dispersed liquid crystal and/or a polymer stabilized liquid crystal.
14. The working method of the display device is characterized in that the display device comprises a light source, a light guide structure and a light guide module arranged on one side of the light guide structure; the light guide module is positioned between the light source and the light guide structure; the light guide module comprises a superlens structure and a dimming structure, and the dimming structure is positioned between the superlens structure and the light guide structure in a first direction on a plane parallel to the light guide structure; the super-lens structure comprises a first transparent substrate, a plurality of first transparent electrodes, a plurality of super-surface structures, a first liquid crystal layer and a plurality of second transparent electrodes, wherein the plurality of first transparent electrodes, the plurality of super-surface structures, the first liquid crystal layer and the plurality of second transparent electrodes are sequentially arranged on one side, far away from the light guide structure, of the first transparent substrate; in the plane of the super-lens structure, the extending directions of the first transparent electrodes and the second transparent electrodes are crossed, and a plurality of first overlapping areas exist on orthographic projections of the first transparent electrodes and the second transparent electrodes on the first transparent substrate; orthographic projections of the plurality of super-surface structures on the first transparent substrate at least partially overlap the plurality of first overlapping regions;
the method comprises the following steps: and applying different voltages to a first transparent electrode and a second transparent electrode in the super lens structure to convert light rays emitted by the light source into parallel light, wherein the dimming structure adjusts the direction of the parallel light to enable the adjusted parallel light to be transmitted in the light guide structure in a total reflection mode, and the incidence angle of the parallel light adjusted by the dimming structure in the light guide structure is larger than or equal to 42 degrees so that the incidence angle is larger than the critical angle of total reflection of the light rays in the light guide structure.
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