CN115045776B - A dual-fuel non-isolated pulse detonation engine device and control method thereof - Google Patents
A dual-fuel non-isolated pulse detonation engine device and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 200
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004200 deflagration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 abstract 1
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K7/00—Plants in which the working fluid is used in a jet only, i.e. the plants not having a turbine or other engine driving a compressor or a ducted fan; Control thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
- F02C9/48—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R7/00—Intermittent or explosive combustion chambers
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- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种双燃料无隔离脉冲爆震发动机装置及其控制方法，包括双燃料无隔离脉冲爆震燃烧室本体、爆震管供给及控制系统和控制方法。通过煤油和二甲醚双燃料设计的方法，交替喷注，利用二甲醚进入燃烧室后瞬间汽化吸热形成一个低温区，从而将新鲜填充燃料和氧化剂与高温燃烧产物隔开，保证爆震发动机的正常运行，与此同时，汽化后的二甲醚可以更充分的与氧气掺混，进而在爆震波起始后充分燃烧，为爆震燃烧体系提供贡献能量，消除惰性推进剂的不利影响，提高脉冲爆震发动机的推进效能，推进其工程应用的发展。
The present invention proposes a dual-fuel non-isolated pulse detonation engine device and a control method thereof, including a dual-fuel non-isolated pulse detonation combustion chamber body, a detonation tube supply and control system and a control method. Through the dual-fuel design method of kerosene and dimethyl ether, alternate injection, the dimethyl ether is used to instantly vaporize and absorb heat after entering the combustion chamber to form a low-temperature zone, thereby isolating the fresh filling fuel and oxidant from the high-temperature combustion products, ensuring the normal operation of the detonation engine. At the same time, the vaporized dimethyl ether can be more fully mixed with oxygen, and then fully burned after the detonation wave starts, providing contribution energy for the detonation combustion system, eliminating the adverse effects of inert propellants, improving the propulsion efficiency of the pulse detonation engine, and promoting the development of its engineering applications.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及爆震燃烧和爆震推进等领域，具体为一种双燃料无隔离脉冲爆震发动机装置及其控制方法。The present invention relates to the fields of detonation combustion and detonation propulsion, and in particular to a dual-fuel non-isolated pulse detonation engine device and a control method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
相比于缓燃燃烧，爆震是一种以较低的熵增来实现快速化学反应的燃烧过程，本质上近似于等容燃烧，故在用于推进系统时将具有更高的热循环效率。此外，在爆震燃烧过程中，爆震波的增压比可达15至55倍，相对于传统的航空航天推进系统，可以省去沉重而复杂的压气机和涡轮泵等增压部件，极大地简化推进系统的结构。基于上述理论优势，爆震燃烧及爆震推进已成为当前空天动力领域的研究热点之一。Compared with slow combustion, detonation is a combustion process that achieves rapid chemical reactions with lower entropy increase, which is essentially similar to isochoric combustion, so it will have higher thermal cycle efficiency when used in propulsion systems. In addition, during detonation combustion, the compression ratio of the detonation wave can reach 15 to 55 times. Compared with traditional aerospace propulsion systems, heavy and complex pressurization components such as compressors and turbo pumps can be omitted, greatly simplifying the structure of the propulsion system. Based on the above theoretical advantages, detonation combustion and detonation propulsion have become one of the current research hotspots in the field of aerospace propulsion.
针对基于爆震燃烧的推进方案，现阶段较为成熟的是脉冲爆震发动机(PulseDetonation Engine，简称PDE)。在PDE多循环工作过程中，为保证工作稳定和不发生连续燃烧，需要在一个循环结束后添加N2或H2O等惰性隔离剂，防止高温燃烧产物提前点燃下一循环填充的新鲜混合物。然而喷注的惰性隔离剂并不参与燃烧，而且会带走燃烧体系的一部分热量，造成发动机推进效能降低，制约了PDE的实际工程应用。For the propulsion scheme based on detonation combustion, the more mature one at this stage is the pulse detonation engine (PDE). In the multi-cycle operation of PDE, in order to ensure stable operation and prevent continuous combustion, it is necessary to add inert isolation agents such as N2 or H2O after one cycle to prevent the high-temperature combustion products from igniting the fresh mixture filled in the next cycle in advance. However, the injected inert isolation agent does not participate in the combustion, and will take away part of the heat of the combustion system, resulting in a reduction in the engine propulsion efficiency, which restricts the actual engineering application of PDE.
因此，针对上述现有技术的缺陷，设计一种能够实现PDE多循环稳定工作且不会降低推进效能的装置及方法显得尤为重要。本发明提出了一种双燃料无隔离脉冲爆震发动机装置及其控制方法，可利用双燃料交替喷注，获得多循环爆震波，无需惰性隔离剂，保证PDE推进效能不受影响，对促进脉冲爆震发动机的发展和应用具有重要意义。Therefore, in view of the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, it is particularly important to design a device and method that can achieve multi-cycle stable operation of PDE without reducing propulsion efficiency. The present invention proposes a dual-fuel non-isolated pulse detonation engine device and a control method thereof, which can utilize dual-fuel alternate injection to obtain multi-cycle detonation waves without the need for inert isolation agents, ensuring that the propulsion efficiency of PDE is not affected, which is of great significance to promoting the development and application of pulse detonation engines.
发明内容Summary of the invention
要解决的技术问题Technical issues to be solved
在脉冲爆震发动机多循环运行过程中，由于传统隔离过程的需要，添加惰性隔离剂降低了PDE的推进效能，阻碍了PDE的工程应用。因此，本发明提出了一种双燃料无隔离脉冲爆震发动机装置及其控制方法，使用煤油和液态二甲醚作为双燃料，在一个爆震循环中燃烧结束时向燃烧室头部喷注少量二甲醚，利用二甲醚沸点低的特点，进入燃烧室后瞬间汽化吸热，从而形成低温区将高温燃烧产物与下一循环填充的新鲜混合物隔开，防止发生连续燃烧。而汽化的二甲醚将在下一个爆震循环中发生燃烧，为燃烧体系贡献能量，消除惰性隔离剂给发动机推进效能带来的不利影响。本发明可用于爆震燃烧和爆震推进领域。During the multi-cycle operation of the pulse detonation engine, due to the need for the traditional isolation process, the addition of an inert isolation agent reduces the propulsion efficiency of PDE and hinders the engineering application of PDE. Therefore, the present invention proposes a dual-fuel non-isolated pulse detonation engine device and a control method thereof, using kerosene and liquid dimethyl ether as dual fuels, and injecting a small amount of dimethyl ether into the head of the combustion chamber at the end of combustion in a detonation cycle. Taking advantage of the low boiling point of dimethyl ether, it instantly vaporizes and absorbs heat after entering the combustion chamber, thereby forming a low-temperature zone to separate the high-temperature combustion products from the fresh mixture filled in the next cycle, preventing continuous combustion. The vaporized dimethyl ether will burn in the next detonation cycle, contributing energy to the combustion system and eliminating the adverse effects of the inert isolation agent on the engine propulsion efficiency. The present invention can be used in the fields of detonation combustion and detonation propulsion.
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
一种双燃料无隔离脉冲爆震发动机装置及其控制方法，包括双燃料无隔离脉冲爆震燃烧室本体、爆震管供给及控制系统和控制方法。A dual-fuel non-isolated pulse detonation engine device and a control method thereof include a dual-fuel non-isolated pulse detonation combustion chamber body, a detonation tube supply and control system and a control method.
所述双燃料无隔离脉冲爆震燃烧室本体由燃烧室头部、爆燃向爆震转变(Deflagration to Detonation Transition，简称DDT)段和爆震传播段组成。燃烧室头部轴向包括煤油喷嘴和二甲醚喷嘴，周向设有氧气喷注环缝和火花塞，火花塞用于点火，点火能量小于50mJ；DDT段包括Shchelkin螺旋，用于增强流动的湍流度，使火焰加速，促进爆燃向爆震的转变，Shchelkin螺旋焊接在燃烧室内壁；爆震传播段包括传感器安装孔和尾喷管，传感器安装孔用于安装压力传感器以判断爆震波形成与否，尾喷管用于提高推力。The dual-fuel non-isolated pulse detonation combustion chamber body is composed of a combustion chamber head, a deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) section and a detonation propagation section. The combustion chamber head includes a kerosene nozzle and a dimethyl ether nozzle in the axial direction, and an oxygen injection annular seam and a spark plug are provided in the circumferential direction. The spark plug is used for ignition, and the ignition energy is less than 50mJ; the DDT section includes a Shchelkin spiral, which is used to enhance the turbulence of the flow, accelerate the flame, and promote the transition from deflagration to detonation. The Shchelkin spiral is welded on the inner wall of the combustion chamber; the detonation propagation section includes a sensor mounting hole and a tail nozzle. The sensor mounting hole is used to install a pressure sensor to determine whether a detonation wave is formed, and the tail nozzle is used to increase the thrust.
所述爆震管供给及控制系统由煤油罐、二甲醚罐、氧气瓶、氮气瓶、二甲醚路油泵、煤油路电磁阀、氧气路电磁阀、火花塞和控制器组成。煤油罐和二甲醚罐用来储存液态燃料，采取氮气挤压的方式供给煤油，采用油泵供给二甲醚，氧气瓶用来储存高压的氧化剂，通过改变气瓶供给压力可调节混合当量比；煤油路电磁阀和氧气路电磁阀分别用来控制煤油罐和氧气瓶的开闭；控制器用于统一控制燃料、氧化剂和火花塞点火信号的触发。The detonation tube supply and control system is composed of a kerosene tank, a dimethyl ether tank, an oxygen cylinder, a nitrogen cylinder, a dimethyl ether oil pump, a kerosene solenoid valve, an oxygen solenoid valve, a spark plug and a controller. The kerosene tank and the dimethyl ether tank are used to store liquid fuel, and kerosene is supplied by nitrogen extrusion, and dimethyl ether is supplied by an oil pump. The oxygen cylinder is used to store high-pressure oxidant, and the mixing equivalent ratio can be adjusted by changing the supply pressure of the cylinder; the kerosene solenoid valve and the oxygen solenoid valve are used to control the opening and closing of the kerosene tank and the oxygen cylinder respectively; the controller is used to uniformly control the triggering of the fuel, oxidant and spark plug ignition signals.
所述控制方法通过控制器设定煤油、二甲醚和氧气喷注及点火时序，在一个爆震循环结束后，二甲醚和氧气的喷注时序较煤油喷注提前Δt秒，在Δt秒后，二甲醚路停止供给，氧气持续供应，煤油路电磁阀开启，填充一段时间后关闭煤油和氧气供给，触发点火信号；二甲醚和氧气同时供给时，需要控制氧气流量使喷注的氧气量处于二甲醚可爆极限外，二甲醚进入燃烧室后瞬间汽化吸热，形成一个低温区，关闭二甲醚供给后通入煤油，此时新鲜填充燃料和氧化剂在低温区的作用下与高温已燃产物分开，防止新鲜混合物被高温燃气点燃，随着填充进行，低温区向爆震管出口移动，在移动的过程中氧气与汽化二甲醚充分掺混，当点火信号触发后，爆震波开始发展并引燃氧气与二甲醚混合物，需要控制整个过程中的氧气量恰可将煤油和二甲醚消耗掉，即在一个循环燃烧结束后，燃烧室已无氧气存在，保证在下一个循环中，喷入的二甲醚不会在爆震波起始前发生燃烧。The control method sets the injection and ignition timing of kerosene, dimethyl ether and oxygen through a controller. After a detonation cycle, the injection timing of dimethyl ether and oxygen is Δt seconds ahead of the injection of kerosene. After Δt seconds, the dimethyl ether circuit stops supplying, oxygen continues to supply, and the solenoid valve of the kerosene circuit opens. After a period of filling, the supply of kerosene and oxygen is closed to trigger an ignition signal. When dimethyl ether and oxygen are supplied at the same time, the oxygen flow rate needs to be controlled so that the amount of oxygen injected is outside the explosive limit of dimethyl ether. After dimethyl ether enters the combustion chamber, it instantly vaporizes and absorbs heat to form a low-temperature zone. After the dimethyl ether supply is closed, kerosene is introduced. At this time, the freshly filled fuel and oxidant are separated from the high-temperature burned products under the action of the low-temperature zone to prevent the fresh mixture from being ignited by the high-temperature combustion gas. As the filling proceeds, the low-temperature zone moves toward the outlet of the detonation tube. During the movement, the oxygen and vaporized dimethyl ether are fully mixed. When the ignition signal is triggered, the detonation wave begins to develop and ignites the mixture of oxygen and dimethyl ether. The amount of oxygen in the whole process needs to be controlled to consume the kerosene and dimethyl ether. That is, after a cycle of combustion is completed, there is no oxygen in the combustion chamber to ensure that in the next cycle, the injected dimethyl ether will not burn before the start of the detonation wave.
具体包括，双燃料无隔离脉冲爆震燃烧室的一个爆震循环由填充、爆震燃烧和排气组成。燃料填充过程中先通入少量二甲醚，二甲醚进入燃烧室后瞬间汽化吸热，形成一个低温区，停止供给二甲醚，随后通入煤油；氧化剂使用氧气，且在二甲醚和煤油的供给过程中均保持供应；；在多循环爆震燃烧过程中，新鲜填充煤油和氧气混合物在二甲醚喷注后所形成的低温区的作用下与高温燃烧产物隔开，避免发生连续燃烧；煤油和氧气供给到预定填充度后，通过火花塞点火引燃混合物，并通过缓燃向爆震转变(Deflagration toDetonation Transition，简称DDT)的方法形成爆震波；爆震波起始后，引燃下游的二甲醚和氧气混合物；二甲醚既可以将高温燃烧产物和新鲜混合物隔开，促进多循环爆震波形成，又能参与燃烧，为燃烧体系贡献能量，减少惰性隔离气对脉冲爆震发动机推进效能的不利影响。Specifically, a detonation cycle of a dual-fuel non-isolated pulse detonation combustion chamber consists of filling, detonation combustion and exhaust. During the fuel filling process, a small amount of dimethyl ether is first introduced. After dimethyl ether enters the combustion chamber, it instantly vaporizes and absorbs heat to form a low-temperature zone. The supply of dimethyl ether is stopped, and kerosene is then introduced; oxygen is used as the oxidant, and the supply is maintained during the supply of dimethyl ether and kerosene; during the multi-cycle detonation combustion process, the freshly filled kerosene and oxygen mixture is separated from the high-temperature combustion products under the action of the low-temperature zone formed after the injection of dimethyl ether to avoid continuous combustion; after the kerosene and oxygen are supplied to a predetermined filling degree, the mixture is ignited by the spark plug, and a detonation wave is formed by the method of Deflagration to Detonation Transition (DDT); after the detonation wave starts, the downstream dimethyl ether and oxygen mixture is ignited; dimethyl ether can not only separate the high-temperature combustion products from the fresh mixture, promote the formation of multi-cycle detonation waves, but also participate in combustion, contribute energy to the combustion system, and reduce the adverse effects of inert isolation gas on the propulsion efficiency of the pulse detonation engine.
采用煤油和二甲醚双燃料设计，交替喷注，获得多循环爆震波。A dual-fuel design of kerosene and dimethyl ether is adopted, with alternate injection to obtain multi-cycle detonation waves.
利用二甲醚进入燃烧室后瞬间汽化吸热形成一个低温区，从而将新鲜填充燃料和氧化剂与高温燃烧产物隔开，起到惰性气体隔离的作用；但与惰性气体不同的是，本方法采用喷注多种燃料，形成多循环爆震，二甲醚可以燃烧为体系贡献能量，消除惰性隔离剂给发动机推进效能带来的不利影响。After entering the combustion chamber, dimethyl ether instantly vaporizes and absorbs heat to form a low-temperature zone, thereby separating the freshly filled fuel and oxidant from the high-temperature combustion products, thereby playing the role of inert gas isolation; but unlike inert gas, this method uses the injection of multiple fuels to form multi-cycle detonation, and dimethyl ether can burn to contribute energy to the system, eliminating the adverse effects of the inert isolation agent on the engine propulsion efficiency.
控制煤油、二甲醚和氧气供给时序，保证二甲醚可以较煤油提前进入燃烧室，二甲醚喷注的量恰可以形成有效的低温区，防止新鲜燃料氧化剂混合物被直接点燃，促进多循环爆震波稳定产生。Control the supply sequence of kerosene, dimethyl ether and oxygen to ensure that dimethyl ether can enter the combustion chamber earlier than kerosene. The amount of dimethyl ether injected can just form an effective low-temperature zone to prevent the fresh fuel-oxidant mixture from being directly ignited, thereby promoting the stable generation of multi-cycle detonation waves.
控制燃料与氧化剂的当量比，使通入的氧气量恰可将煤油和二甲醚燃烧掉，保证一个爆震循环结束后燃烧室内没有残存的氧气，不会提前引燃二甲醚。The equivalence ratio of fuel to oxidant is controlled so that the amount of oxygen introduced can just burn the kerosene and dimethyl ether, ensuring that there is no residual oxygen in the combustion chamber after a detonation cycle is completed, and the dimethyl ether will not be ignited prematurely.
控制与二甲醚同时通入的氧气量，使其处于二甲醚可爆极限之外，保证二甲醚不会提前燃烧且可以与氧气较好的掺混，确保二甲醚可以在爆震波起始后发生燃烧。The amount of oxygen introduced simultaneously with dimethyl ether is controlled to be outside the explosive limit of dimethyl ether, to ensure that dimethyl ether does not burn prematurely and can be well mixed with oxygen, and to ensure that dimethyl ether can burn after the initiation of the detonation wave.
有益效果：Beneficial effects:
采用本发明提供的一种双燃料无隔离脉冲爆震发动机装置及其控制方法，通过煤油和二甲醚双燃料设计的方法，交替喷注，取消使用惰性气体作为隔离剂，利用二甲醚进入燃烧室后瞬间汽化吸热形成一个低温区，从而将新鲜填充燃料和氧化剂与高温燃烧产物隔开，防止新鲜混合物被高温燃气点燃，保证脉冲爆震发动机的正常运行，与此同时，汽化后的二甲醚可以更充分的与氧气掺混，进而在爆震波起始后发生燃烧，为爆震燃烧体系提供贡献能量，保证在实现爆震发动机正常运行的同时不会降低发动机的推进效能，解决了爆震发动机走向工程应用的一个关键问题。本发明可以用于爆震燃烧和爆震推进领域。The dual-fuel non-isolated pulse detonation engine device and its control method provided by the present invention are alternately injected through the dual-fuel design method of kerosene and dimethyl ether, and the use of inert gas as an isolation agent is eliminated. The dimethyl ether is instantly vaporized and absorbs heat after entering the combustion chamber to form a low-temperature zone, thereby separating the fresh filling fuel and oxidant from the high-temperature combustion products, preventing the fresh mixture from being ignited by the high-temperature combustion gas, and ensuring the normal operation of the pulse detonation engine. At the same time, the vaporized dimethyl ether can be more fully mixed with oxygen, and then burn after the detonation wave starts, providing contribution energy for the detonation combustion system, ensuring that the propulsion efficiency of the engine will not be reduced while achieving the normal operation of the detonation engine, and solving a key problem of the detonation engine towards engineering application. The present invention can be used in the fields of detonation combustion and detonation propulsion.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明双燃料无隔离脉冲爆震发动机装置及其控制方法的爆震燃烧系统图；FIG1 is a detonation combustion system diagram of a dual-fuel non-isolated pulse detonation engine device and a control method thereof according to the present invention;
图2为本发明双燃料无隔离脉冲爆震发动机装置及其控制方法的控制时序(实施例)；其中，1为煤油喷嘴，2为二甲醚喷嘴，3为燃烧室头部，4为DDT段，5为爆震传播段，6为压力传感器，7为控制器，8为火花塞，9为氧气喷注环缝，10-1为电磁阀①，10-2为电磁阀②，11为氧气瓶，12为氮气瓶，13为二甲醚罐，14为煤油罐，15为油泵，16为氧气供给时序，17为煤油供给时序，18为二甲醚供给时序，19为点火时序。Figure 2 is a control timing of the dual-fuel non-isolated pulse detonation engine device and its control method of the present invention (implementation); wherein, 1 is a kerosene nozzle, 2 is a dimethyl ether nozzle, 3 is a combustion chamber head, 4 is a DDT section, 5 is a detonation propagation section, 6 is a pressure sensor, 7 is a controller, 8 is a spark plug, 9 is an oxygen injection annular gap, 10-1 is a solenoid valve ①, 10-2 is a solenoid valve ②, 11 is an oxygen cylinder, 12 is a nitrogen cylinder, 13 is a dimethyl ether tank, 14 is a kerosene tank, 15 is an oil pump, 16 is an oxygen supply timing, 17 is a kerosene supply timing, 18 is a dimethyl ether supply timing, and 19 is an ignition timing.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图以及具体实施过程对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation processes.
参见图1，双燃料无隔离脉冲爆震发动机装置及其控制方法包括双燃料无隔离脉冲爆震燃烧室本体、爆震管供给及控制系统和控制方法。1 , a dual-fuel non-isolated pulse detonation engine device and a control method thereof include a dual-fuel non-isolated pulse detonation combustion chamber body, a detonation tube supply and control system and a control method.
双燃料无隔离脉冲爆震燃烧室本体由燃烧室头部3、DDT段4和爆震传播段5组成。燃烧室头部3轴向包括煤油喷嘴2和二甲醚喷嘴1，周向设有氧气喷注环缝9和火花塞8，火花塞8用于点火，点火能量小于50mJ；DDT段4包括Shchelkin螺旋，用于增强流动的湍流度，使火焰加速，促进爆燃向爆震的转变，Shchelkin螺旋焊接在燃烧室内壁；爆震传播段包括传感器安装孔和尾喷管，传感器安装孔用于安装压力传感器6以判断爆震波形成与否，尾喷管用于提高推力。The main body of the dual-fuel non-isolated pulse detonation combustion chamber is composed of a combustion chamber head 3, a DDT section 4 and a detonation propagation section 5. The combustion chamber head 3 includes a kerosene nozzle 2 and a dimethyl ether nozzle 1 in the axial direction, and is provided with an oxygen injection annular gap 9 and a spark plug 8 in the circumferential direction. The spark plug 8 is used for ignition, and the ignition energy is less than 50mJ; the DDT section 4 includes a Shchelkin spiral, which is used to enhance the turbulence of the flow, accelerate the flame, and promote the transition from deflagration to detonation. The Shchelkin spiral is welded on the inner wall of the combustion chamber; the detonation propagation section includes a sensor mounting hole and a tail nozzle. The sensor mounting hole is used to install a pressure sensor 6 to determine whether a detonation wave is formed, and the tail nozzle is used to increase the thrust.
所述爆震管供给及控制系统由煤油罐14、二甲醚罐13、氧气瓶11、氮气瓶12、二甲醚路油泵15、煤油路电磁阀10-2、氧气路电磁阀10-1和控制器7组成。煤油罐14和二甲醚罐13用来储存液态燃料，采取氮气挤压的方式供给煤油，采用油泵供给二甲醚，氧气瓶11用来储存高压的氧化剂，通过改变气瓶供给压力可调节混合当量比；煤油路电磁阀10-2和氧气路电磁阀10-1分别用来控制煤油罐和氧气瓶的开闭；控制器7用于统一控制燃料、氧化剂和火花塞点火信号的触发。The detonation tube supply and control system is composed of a kerosene tank 14, a dimethyl ether tank 13, an oxygen cylinder 11, a nitrogen cylinder 12, a dimethyl ether oil pump 15, a kerosene solenoid valve 10-2, an oxygen solenoid valve 10-1 and a controller 7. The kerosene tank 14 and the dimethyl ether tank 13 are used to store liquid fuel, and kerosene is supplied by nitrogen extrusion, and dimethyl ether is supplied by an oil pump. The oxygen cylinder 11 is used to store high-pressure oxidant, and the mixing equivalence ratio can be adjusted by changing the supply pressure of the cylinder; the kerosene solenoid valve 10-2 and the oxygen solenoid valve 10-1 are used to control the opening and closing of the kerosene tank and the oxygen cylinder respectively; the controller 7 is used to uniformly control the triggering of the fuel, oxidant and spark plug ignition signals.
所述控制方法通过控制器7设定煤油、二甲醚和氧气喷注及点火时序，调节氮气瓶12压力、油泵和氧气瓶11压力可控制混合物当量比。The control method sets the injection and ignition timing of kerosene, dimethyl ether and oxygen through the controller 7, and adjusts the pressure of the nitrogen cylinder 12, the oil pump and the oxygen cylinder 11 to control the mixture equivalence ratio.
具体实施方式参见图2，在一个爆震循环结束后，二甲醚供给时序17和氧气供给时序15较煤油供给时序16提前Δt秒，在Δt秒后，二甲醚路停止供给，氧气持续供应，煤油路电磁阀开启，填充一段时间后关闭煤油和氧气供给，触发点火信号；二甲醚和氧气同时供给时，控制氧气流量使喷注的氧气量处于二甲醚可爆极限外，二甲醚进入燃烧室后瞬间汽化吸热，形成一个低温区，关闭二甲醚供给后通入煤油，此时新鲜填充燃料和氧化剂在低温区的作用下与高温已燃产物隔开，防止新鲜混合物被高温燃气点燃，随着填充进行，低温区向爆震管出口移动，在移动的过程中氧气与汽化二甲醚充分掺混，当点火信号触发后，爆震波开始发展并成功起爆后，引燃氧气与二甲醚混合物，控制整个过程中的氧气量恰可将煤油和二甲醚消耗掉，即在一个循环燃烧结束后，燃烧室已无氧气存在，保证在下一个循环中，喷入的二甲醚不会在爆震波起始前发生燃烧，至此，一个双燃料无隔离脉冲爆震循环结束，随后重复上述过程即可获得多循环爆震波。Specific implementation method Referring to FIG. 2 , after a detonation cycle, the dimethyl ether supply sequence 17 and the oxygen supply sequence 15 are Δt seconds ahead of the kerosene supply sequence 16. After Δt seconds, the dimethyl ether supply is stopped, the oxygen supply is continued, and the kerosene supply solenoid valve is opened. After a period of filling, the kerosene and oxygen supply are closed to trigger the ignition signal. When dimethyl ether and oxygen are supplied at the same time, the oxygen flow rate is controlled so that the amount of injected oxygen is outside the explosive limit of dimethyl ether. After dimethyl ether enters the combustion chamber, it vaporizes and absorbs heat instantly to form a low-temperature zone. After the dimethyl ether supply is closed, kerosene is introduced. At this time, the freshly filled fuel and oxidant react with the high-temperature burned fuel under the action of the low-temperature zone. The products are separated to prevent the fresh mixture from being ignited by the high-temperature combustion gas. As the filling proceeds, the low-temperature zone moves toward the outlet of the detonation tube. During the movement, the oxygen and the vaporized dimethyl ether are fully mixed. When the ignition signal is triggered, the detonation wave begins to develop and detonates successfully, igniting the mixture of oxygen and dimethyl ether. The amount of oxygen in the whole process is controlled to consume kerosene and dimethyl ether, that is, after one cycle of combustion is completed, there is no oxygen in the combustion chamber, ensuring that in the next cycle, the injected dimethyl ether will not burn before the start of the detonation wave. At this point, a dual-fuel non-isolated pulse detonation cycle ends, and then the above process is repeated to obtain a multi-cycle detonation wave.
以上结合附图和具体实施过程对本发明的具体实施方式作了详细描述，但是本发明并不限于上述实施方式，在本领域的技术人员不脱离本发明原理的前提下，可以对上述方法做出各种改变与优化。The specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation processes, but the present invention is not limited to the above implementation methods. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and optimizations to the above methods without departing from the principles of the present invention.
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