CN1150124A - 一种溶胶胶粒表面的原位修饰方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种溶胶胶粒表面的原位修饰方法,是在溶胶稳定存在的pH范围内,通过加入氨或含有四羧基的化合物作络合剂,使被修饰的金属离子活性组分能近完全地交换到溶液胶粒表面上,并且不破坏溶胶体系的稳定性。利用该方法制备出的活性组分预修饰的溶胶,可制备出活性组分修饰的多孔陶瓷复合膜,该复合膜的优点在于活性物质仅分布于起分离作用的顶膜上而不分布在底膜上,从而一方面减少了活性物质的消耗,另一方面也增加了复合膜的分离效率。
Description
本发明涉及无机膜的制备,具体地说是提供一种首先通过加入络合剂使溶胶胶粒表面进行原位修饰的方法及利用该方法制得的修饰了活性组份的陶瓷复合膜。
无机膜由于具有优良的热稳定性与机械和结构稳定性,抗化学试剂与微生物侵蚀的能力、易净化与再生的性能、加上它比有机膜具有更大的表面修饰潜力,因此一方面它作为一种膜分离材料取代传统的有机膜材料而具有很吸引人的前景,另一方面存在从无机膜获得反应与分离双功能合一的化工新材料(催化膜)的现实可能性。因而无机膜的有关研究越来越受到人们的重视。但是无机膜应用于气体和催化反应时,其分离效率较低。因此,如何提高无机膜的气体分离效率是人们所关注焦点之一。
由于多孔无机膜的气体渗透率较高,人们试图通过膜表面修饰来提高多孔膜的气体选择性。这种方法是通过引入某种物质来修饰膜表面,由于这种物质能优先与某种气体相互作用,改善膜表面的渗透扩散能力,从而改善了膜的分离效率。例如Y.H.Ma等人[1]利用浸渍的方法把Fe2O3浸渍在γ-Al2O3复合膜上,由于Fe2O3具有碱性,酸性气体如CO2能在膜上的Fe2O3碱性位上吸附而产生表面扩散,因此CO2的渗透率反而高于N2的渗透率,而没有经过Fe2O3修饰的γ-Al2O3复合膜的CO2渗透率低于N2的渗透率。K.C.Cannon和J.J.Hacskaylo[2]也利用浸渍的方法把Pd修饰到多孔玻璃上,他们修饰的Pd并没有影响多孔玻璃原来的孔结构,但由于Pd的存在,氢气可经表面扩散而增加了H2的渗透率,因此,H2的选择性得到了提高。但是使用浸渍方法明显的缺点是所修饰的活性组份不仅分布于复合膜起分离作用的γ-Al2O3顶膜上,而且还分布在复合膜的底膜上,这就增加了活性物质的使用量,特别是对贵金属组份Pd、Pt来说是很不经济的。为了使活性物质不分布在底膜上,M.Konno等[3]利用溅射方法把Pd溅射到γ-Al2O3膜表面上,从而提高了膜对氢气对氢气的选择性,并且氢渗透率随着温度的升高而增大,而氮气的渗透率则随着温度的升高而减小。这种方法虽使活性物质仅分布在顶膜上,但设备要求高,制备过程复杂,难以大规模应用。Burggraaf[4]等人提出了所谓的库方法,是利用γ-Al2O3复合膜各层的孔径不同,因而它们的毛细作用力不同,浸渍后通过控制干燥速度,从而使活性物质主要分布在毛细作用力较大(即孔径较小)的顶膜上。这种方法步骤较复杂,并且由于底膜表面的吸附性能,因此也有部分活性物质分布在底膜上。
本发明的目的在于提供了一种溶胶胶粒表面的原位修饰方法及利用该方法制备出的含活性组份子修饰的溶胶制备金属陶瓷复合膜。
本发明所提供的溶胶胶粒表面金属离子的原位修饰方法,其特征是首先把金属离子与络合剂混合而制成络合物水溶液,再将该溶液加入到氧化物水溶胶中,经搅拌后,完成溶胶的制备,所加入到溶胶中的金属活性组份能几乎100%的交换到溶胶胶粒表面上。
上述溶胶胶粒表面的原位修饰方法,其特征是溶胶胶体体系为γ-Al2O3氧化物水溶胶,用来修饰的活性组份为金属正离子M2+,M主要包括过渡金属、贵金属与稀土金属等,如Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Zr、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、Cr、Zn、Pt、Au、Sm、Y、Ce、La。
所使用的络合剂为NH3或含有四羧基的化合物:乙二胺四乙酸、二乙硫醚四乙酸、二甲硫醚二胺四乙酸、二乙三胺-N-甲基-N′N′N″N″-四乙酸、1-甲基乙二胺四乙酸、乙二醇二乙醚二胺四乙酸、乙二硫醇二乙硫醚二胺四乙酸、二乙醚二胺四乙酸及其铵、钠或钾盐。上述络合剂能与金属离子络合,由于络合剂也带部分电荷,从而改变了整个络合金属离子的荷电状况。使金属离子在氧化物水溶胶胶体稳定存在的pH范围内几乎完全吸附到溶胶胶粒的表面上。
本发明给出的络合剂与金属离子的配比为5~0.1摩尔比。
本发明给出的金属活性组份修饰的氧化物水溶胶的金属活性组份的含量为氧化物的0.1~20%(重量)。
利用上述方法制备的含金属活性组份子修饰的溶胶,按常规技术可以用来制备金属一陶瓷复合膜。具体的方法是采用上述的金属活性组份修饰的氧化物水溶胶,向其中加入适量的稀制剂聚乙烯醇(PVA)和聚乙二醇(PEG)后搅匀,用该溶胶利用浇铸技术浸涂多孔陶瓷底膜,经干燥—焙烧过程而获得复合膜,上述的浸涂—干燥—焙烧过程可重复多次直至顶膜达到所需的厚度与无裂缺要求,焙烧在400~800℃下进行1~4小时,从而得到了金属氧化物活性组份修饰的多孔陶瓷复合膜。
本发明提供的上述得到的金属氧化物活性组份修饰的多孔陶瓷复合膜还可以用氢气进行还原制备金属活性组份修饰的多孔陶瓷复合膜。具体地说是先制备得到相应的金属氧化物活性组份修饰的多孔陶瓷复合膜,然后在200~600℃条件下,用氢气把该复合膜上的金属离子还原成金属,而得到金属活性组份修饰的陶瓷复合膜。
下面通过实施例来详细说明本发明。
实施例1
以SB粉(德国,Condea公司产的一种工业用一水铝石)为原料制备1mol/l的γ-AlOOH溶胶,把EDTA与Ni(NO3)2按摩尔比为1∶1配成0.01mol/l的溶液,取一定量的溶液加入到上述的γ-AlOOH溶胶,加入的镍的量为3%(Ni/γ-Al2O3的重量百分比),用酸或碱调节体系的pH,搅拌后,测量溶胶体系的液相内所剩的镍含量,计算出镍在溶胶胶粒表面上的交换率,由测量结果可以看出,在γ-AlOOH溶胶定存在的pH=3-4范围内,不加络合剂时,Ni(II)的交换率为零,即Ni(II)不可能交换到γ-AlOOH溶胶胶粒表面上,而加入了EDTA后,在溶胶稳定存在的pH范围内,Ni(II)几乎100%的交换到胶粒表面上。
实施例2
γ-AlOOH溶胶用实施例1类似的方法制备,其中络合剂采用EDGA分别修饰下列活性组份:Ni(II)、Co(II)、La(III)、Ce(IV)、Sm(III)和Y(III)。用光散射法测溶胶胶粒粒径及其分布,结果如表1所示,结果表明运用本发明的原位修饰方法,表面引入活性组份后,溶胶胶粒粒径略有增大,而没有发生胶粒的聚集与再分散。
表1修饰活性组份前后的溶胶胶粒的大小
活性组份 | 溶胶浓度(mol/) | 金属/γ-AlOOH(mol/mol) | 溶胶胶粒大小(nm) | |
修饰前 | 修饰后 | |||
Ni(II) | 0.5 | 0.009 | 35.6 | 38.9 |
Co(II) | 0.5 | 0.009 | 36.8 | 37.0 |
La(III) | 0.5 | 0.009 | 38.8 | 39.3 |
Ce(IV) | 0.5 | 0.009 | 37.0 | 39.2 |
Sm(III) | 0.5 | 0.009 | 36.9 | 40.8 |
Y(III) | 0.5 | 0.009 | 37.5 | 38.7 |
实施例3
把实施例2活性组份修饰的γ-AlOOH溶胶在室温下缓慢干燥后分别放在马福炉于550℃或800℃焙烧3小时后得到该活性组份修饰的γ-Al2O3膜,用低温氮吸附实验测量膜的孔结构,如表2所示,表明用溶胶胶粒原位修饰法,膜的孔结构无显著的变化。
表2活性组份对膜孔结构的影响
样品 | 550℃焙烧 | 800℃ | ||||
BET面积(m2g) | 孔径(nm) | 孔隙率(%) | BET面积(m2/g) | 孔径(nm) | 孔隙率(%) | |
γ-Al2O3 | 322 | 4.8 | 65 | 229 | 6.7 | 66 |
Ni/γ-Al2O3 | 323 | 5.7 | 63 | 215 | 8.0 | 61 |
Co/γ-Al2O3 | 313 | 5.6 | 62 | 221 | 6.4 | 57 |
La/γ-Al2O3 | 318 | 5.5 | 61 | 230 | 7.2 | 61 |
Ce/γ-Al2O3 | 317 | 5.8 | 63 | 223 | 6.3 | 56 |
Sm/γ-Al2O3 | 280 | 5.6 | 59 | 179 | 6.7 | 54 |
Y/γ-Al2O3 | 336 | 5.4 | 62 | 223 | 5.8 | 54 |
实施例4
由SB粉出发,由类似实施例1的方法制备0.8mol/l 1%Pd修饰的γ-AlOOH溶胶(重量,Pdγ-Al2O3),加入1%PVA和2%的PEG调节溶胶的粘度,溶胶的最终浓度为0.5mol/l,用该溶胶作为浸涂溶胶,浸涂多孔陶瓷底膜,底膜是主要成分为α-Al2O3的平板膜,其直径为3cm,厚为2~3,平均孔径为0.1~0.3μm,浸涂后,放在室温下干燥两天,然后在马福炉中于550℃焙烧3小时,经浸涂—干燥—焙烧六次循环后,在氢气氛中于500℃还原4小时,底膜一侧的顶膜已变成黑色,而另一侧没有颜色变化,表明没有钯分布在底膜上。
由上述实例的结果表明,采用本发明的技术,可以在溶胶稳定存在的pH范围内,使被修饰的金属离子能完全交换到溶胶胶粒表面上。利用这种溶胶可以制备出活性组份修饰的多孔陶瓷复合膜。该复合膜的优点在于活性物质仅分布于起分离作用的顶膜上而不分布在底膜上,从而一方面减少了活性物质的消耗,另一方面也增加了复合膜的分离效率。
参考文献:[1]Ma,Y.L.Becker,W.R.Moser and A.G.Dixon Effect of catalystimpregnation on the transport properties of porous alumina membranes.KeyEngineering Material Vols.61 & 62(1991)337[2]Canaon and John J.Hacskaylo Evaluation of palladium-impregnation on theperformance of a Vycor glass catalytic membrane reactor.J.Membrane Sci.,65(1992)259-268[3]Konno,M.Shindo,S.Sugswara and S.Saito A composite palladium andporous aluminum oxide Membrane for hydrogen gas separation.J MembraneSci.,37(1988)193-197[4]Uhlhorn,V.T.Zaspalis,K.Keizer,A.J.Burggraaf,Synthesis of ceramicmembranes,Part II Modification of alumina thin films:reservoir method,J.Mat.Sciences,27(1992)538
Claims (5)
1.一种溶胶胶粒表面的原位修饰方法,其特征是首先把金属离子与络合剂混合而制成金属络合物水溶液,然后再将该溶液加入到氧化物水溶胶中,完成溶胶胶粒的原位修饰。
2.按照权利要求1所述的原位修饰方法,其特征在于溶胶胶体体系为γ-Al2O3氧化物水溶胶,用来修饰的活性组份为金属正离子M2+,M主要包括过渡金属、贵金属与稀土金属等,如Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Zr、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、Cr、Zn、Pt、Au、Sm、Y、Ce、La。
3.按照权利要求1所述的原位修饰方法,其特征在于所使用的络合剂为NH3或含有四羧基的化合物:乙二胺四乙酸、二乙硫醚四乙酸、二甲硫醚二胺四乙酸、二乙三胺-N-甲基-N′N′N″N″-四乙酸、1-甲基乙二胺四乙酸、乙二醇二乙醚二胺四乙酸、乙二硫醇二乙硫醚二胺四乙酸、二乙醚二胺四乙酸及其铵、钠或钾盐。
4.按照权利要求1,2,3所述的原位修饰方法,其特征在于络合剂与金属离子的配比为5~0.1摩尔比。
5.按照权利要求1所述的原位修饰方法,其特征在于溶胶中金属活性组份的含量为氧化物的0.1~20%(重量)。
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CN111569664A (zh) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-08-25 | 李安武 | 一种可以调节膜孔径大小的有机无机杂化膜的制备方法 |
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CN111569664A (zh) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-08-25 | 李安武 | 一种可以调节膜孔径大小的有机无机杂化膜的制备方法 |
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