CN115010822B - 一种亮菌菌丝体多糖及其用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种亮菌菌丝体多糖及其用途,其中亮菌菌丝体多糖的单糖组成及摩尔比构成为甘露糖:半乳糖醛酸:葡萄糖:阿拉伯糖=9.83:14.52:17.45:8.63;所述亮菌菌丝体多糖的分子量为2.95×104Da。动物实验表明亮菌菌丝体多糖PAT‑W能显著降低溃疡组织的炎症因子水平、提高表皮生长因子的含量、降低炎性细胞浸润促进溃疡面愈合及调节溃疡造成的口腔菌群失衡的作用。本发明的亮菌丝体多糖PAT‑W可作为新型治疗口腔溃疡的天然活性物质,广泛应用于医药和口腔护理领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药制备技术领域,具体涉及一种亮菌菌丝体多糖及其用途。
背景技术
口腔溃疡在口腔黏膜疾病中发病率最高且存在很多诱因,例如,精神压力大、免疫失调、内分泌紊乱、营养素缺乏、创伤、口腔菌群失调等多种诱因。其虽具有一定自愈性,但是一旦发病,患处灼痛难忍,严重者可影响进食、言语,此病难以根治具有反复性,给人们工作和生活带来极大不便。而对口腔溃疡的治疗主要是对症治疗,通过抑制免疫功能,减轻局部的炎性反应,调节机体免疫力、使用抗生素及抗菌药物等,但抗菌药和抗生素的反复使用易造成机体产生耐药性及其他副反应。或是应用局部药物,比如含片、药膜、软膏等达到减轻疼痛目的,但其活性成分物质基础和功效关系亟待明确;且药膜、软膏等具有刺激性气味的药物成分入口后进入机体会产生作呕、反酸等一定副作用。近年来高效且无副反应的天然生物活性物质引起人们关注。研究证明,白芨和芦荟多糖等天然活性多糖具有治疗口腔溃疡的作用。
亮菌Armillariellatabescens(Scop.EX.Fr)Sing,作为我国特有的一种珍贵药用真菌,其含有亮菌甲素和乙素等天然的活性成分,已被广泛用于治疗急慢性肝炎、阑尾炎、中耳炎和胆囊炎。多糖作为亮菌生长过程中产生的重要天然活性物质,具有免疫调节、抗菌、降糖降脂和改善肠道微生态失调等药理作用,而其治疗口腔溃疡的作用鲜有文献报道。申请人通过评估口腔黏膜组织炎症因子水平、表皮生长因子释放量及口腔菌群多态性调节等指标证明亮菌多糖PAT-W具有显著治疗口腔溃疡的作用。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种亮菌菌丝体多糖及其用途。本发明利用聚酰胺法脱去水提物中蛋白质和色素等杂质、超滤膜分离方法和AKTADEAE-FF离子色谱技术制备得到具有特定化学组成的亮菌活性多糖PAT-W,其对口腔溃疡疗效显著。本发明亮菌菌丝体多糖,可广泛应用在医药和日化行业,例如口腔溃疡喷雾剂和含有亮菌多糖的护理牙膏的研发,具有重要的开发前景和市场应用价值。
本发明亮菌菌丝体多糖,其单糖组成及摩尔比为甘露糖:半乳糖醛酸:葡萄糖:阿拉伯糖=9.83:14.52:17.45:8.63,分子量为2.95×104Da。
本发明亮菌菌丝体多糖的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:将4-6g亮菌Armillariellatabescens(Scop.EX.Fr)Sing菌种(合肥诚志生物制药有限公司提供)接种于1000mL葡萄糖-土豆-MgSO4培养基中,28℃静置培养15天,制得人工液体静置发酵亮菌菌丝体;
步骤2:将步骤1获得的亮菌菌丝体(2000g)粉碎,按照液料比1g:10mL的比例加入蒸馏水,然后90℃浸提3h,重复浸提3次,合并提取液;
步骤3:将步骤2所得提取液浓缩至原体积的1/250,加入4倍体积的95%乙醇,4℃静置12h,4500rpm离心10-15min,收集沉淀物;
步骤4:将步骤3得到的沉淀物加蒸馏水溶解,采用聚酰胺法脱色脱蛋白获得亮菌菌丝体粗多糖;
步骤5:将步骤4得到粗多糖配制成100mg/mL溶液,过超滤膜截留分子量为1×104Da和1×105Da进行分级,将在此之间分子量组分的截留液浓缩、冻干;取超滤冻干后的多糖配制成100mg/mL5mL的多糖溶液过DEAE-FF阴离子交换色谱柱,用双蒸水洗脱和0.5moL/mL的氯化钠等度洗脱,流速为1mL/min,分管收集后,透析除去氯化钠,然后冻干。采用双蒸水为流动相,安捷伦HPLC-ELSD液相色谱检测洗脱液组分为均一组分(PAT-W)。
步骤1中,所述葡萄糖-土豆-MgSO4培养基是通过如下方法获得:300g土豆去皮切碎,煮沸15min后过滤,然后与20g葡萄糖和5gMgSO4混合,加水至1000mL,121℃灭菌20min,制得葡萄糖-土豆-MgSO4培养基;
步骤4中,聚酰胺法脱色脱蛋白的条件为:80g的100-120目聚酰胺和300mL的沉淀物溶液在500mL摇瓶中混匀,室温条件下,摇床200rpm振摇30min,使其充分吸附蛋白质和色素,然后过滤液体,收集滤液、浓缩,冻干为粗多糖。
本发明亮菌菌丝体多糖能够显著降低炎症因子水平、提高表皮生长因子含量、降低炎性细胞浸润和调节口腔菌群的丰富度和均匀度,因此能够用于治疗口腔溃疡。
本发明亮菌菌丝体多糖无味,白色粉末状,水溶液为无色透明。多糖溶液弥补了其他药膜、软膏等具有刺激性气味的药物入口后进入机体产生作呕、反酸等不足。
本发明亮菌菌丝体多糖的用途,是用于制备具有治疗口腔溃疡作用的药物制剂。本发明亮菌菌丝体多糖具有显著缓解口腔黏膜溃疡面炎症损伤、提高表皮生长因子释放以促进口腔黏膜溃疡面愈合、调节口腔菌群失调等功效。
本发明以机械创伤和金黄色葡萄球菌联合诱导的口腔溃疡大鼠为研究对象,通过动物实验证明亮菌菌丝体多糖治疗口腔溃疡的作用。
本发明亮菌菌丝体多糖对口腔溃疡大鼠的口腔菌群失调具有显著的改善作用。
附图说明
图1是标准单糖组成液相色谱图(*-溶剂峰,Man-甘露糖,Rha-鼠李糖,GlcA-葡萄糖醛酸,GalA-半乳糖醛酸,Glc-葡萄糖,Gal-半乳糖,Ara-阿拉伯糖,Fuc-半乳糖)。
图2是亮菌菌丝体多糖单糖组成液相色谱图(Man-甘露糖,GalA-半乳糖醛酸,Glc-葡萄糖,Ara-阿拉伯糖)。
图3是亮菌菌丝体多糖PAT-W相对分子质量检测色谱图。
图4是亮菌菌丝体多糖对口腔溃疡大鼠黏膜组织病理的影响
图5是亮菌菌丝体多糖对口腔溃疡大鼠口腔菌群α多样性的影响
图6是亮菌菌丝体多糖对口腔溃疡大鼠口腔菌群β多样性的影响。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体的实施例描述本发明的制备,降低溃疡组织炎症因子,促进表皮生长因子的释放和伤口的愈合,调节口腔菌群的多态性,所举实施例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。
实施例1:亮菌菌丝体及多糖PAT-W的制备
步骤1:300g土豆去皮切碎,煮沸15min后过滤,20g葡萄糖和5gMgSO4,加水至1000mL,121℃灭菌20min制得葡萄糖-土豆-MgSO4培养基;将4-6g亮菌Armillariellatabescens(Scop.EX.Fr)Sing菌种(由合肥诚志生物制药有限公司提供)接种于1000mL葡萄糖-土豆-MgSO4培养基中,28℃静置培养15天,制得人工液体静置发酵亮菌菌丝体;
步骤2:将步骤1获得的亮菌菌丝体(2000g)粉碎,按照液料比1:10(g/mL)加入蒸馏水,然后90℃浸提3h,重复浸提3次,合并提取液;
步骤3:将步骤2所得提取液浓缩至原体积的1/250,加入4倍体积的95%乙醇,4℃静置12h,4500rpm离心10-15min,收集沉淀物;
步骤4:将步骤3得到的沉淀物加蒸馏水溶解,采用聚酰胺法脱色脱蛋白制备亮菌菌丝体粗多糖。条件为:80g的100-120目聚酰胺和300mL的沉淀物溶液在500mL摇瓶中混匀,室温条件下,摇床200rpm振摇30min,使其充分吸附蛋白质和色素,然后过滤液体,收集滤液、浓缩,冻干为粗多糖。
步骤5:将步骤4得到粗多糖配制成100mg/mL溶液,过超滤膜截留分子量为1×104Da和1×105Da进行分级,将分子量在此之间的截留液组分浓缩、冻干。取超滤冻干后的多糖配置1mL浓度为100mg/mL溶液过DEAE-FF阴离子交换柱,用双蒸水和氯化钠洗脱,5mL/管,流速为1mL/min,透析冻干记为PAT-W,苯酚硫酸法测得总糖含量为97.88%。
实施例2:亮菌菌丝体多糖PAT-W的单糖组成及分子量
PAT-W的单糖组成分析采用酸水解-柱前PMP(1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮)衍生化方法处理样品,高效液相色谱法分析测定。称取5mg PAT-W溶于5mL的2mol/L的三氟乙酸中,氮气封管,110℃油浴8h使其充分酸解。旋转蒸发仪旋出酸性成分,加适量的去离子水,如此反复旋蒸至溶液pH显示中性为止,加入1mL蒸馏水,备用。
步骤1:标准单糖和已酸解的PAT-W溶液中加入50μL,0.5mol/LPMP甲醇溶液和50μL,0.3mol/L的NaOH溶液,在70℃的水浴锅中反应30min进行PMP柱前衍生化,然后用50μL的0.3mol/L的HCl中和至中性。所得产物使用高效液相色谱检测,选用DAD检测器。HPLC柱温为30℃,色谱柱为Zorbox Eclipse XDB-C18柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),波长为245nm下检测。检测流动相A为乙腈,流动相B为0.05mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液。时间梯度洗脱0-60min,初始设置为流动相A:流动相B=17%:83%,最终洗脱到比例为流动相A:流动相B=20%:80%,进样量为10μL。
步骤2:采用去离子水洗脱,安捷伦高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器(HPLC-ELSD)检测PAT-W的分子量。配制2mg/mL的PAT-W和葡聚糖标准品(T5、T12、T41、T100、T200)的溶液1mL,采用TSK Gel G6000 PWXL色谱柱,载气为N2,气体流速为2.5L/min,进样量10μL。以标准品相对分子质量的对数(LgMw)和保留时间(Rt)做标准曲线,测得的分子量为2.98×104Da。
实施例3:亮菌菌丝体多糖PAT-W对口腔溃疡的治疗作用
以制备的亮菌菌丝体多糖PAT-W为原料,利用口腔溃疡大鼠模型,对亮菌菌丝体多糖治疗口腔溃疡功效实验评价。
1、口腔溃疡大鼠模型制备
选取48只SPF级SD雌性大鼠(安徽医科大学实验动物中心,生产许可证SCXK(皖)2017-001),体重250±10g,将大鼠随机分为正常组,溃疡模型组,400mg/kg维生素B2阳性药组、100mg/kg PAT-W低剂量组,200mg/kg中剂量组,400mg/kg高剂量组,每组8只。除正常组外,其余各组大鼠均建立口腔溃疡模型。
步骤如下:医用消毒棉签蘸取0.6mg/mL的苯酚溶液,在其口腔左侧黏膜处灼烧30s。2小时后,灼烧黏膜组织下注射0.05mL 2×103CFU/mL的金黄色葡萄球菌去模拟创伤后的口腔细菌感染。
空白组的大鼠用生理盐水处理。24h后观察大鼠口腔溃疡形成情况。除正常组外,模型组,阳性药组和PAT-W低中高剂量的治疗组的大鼠均成功建立口腔溃疡模型,大鼠颊黏膜呈现椭圆或圆形的溃疡面,表面有灰白色假膜,直径为4.0mm-5.0mm。造模后第1d给药,阳性药组的给药方法为医用消毒棉签蘸取0.3mL的400mg/kg维生素B2(Vitamin B2)溶液,敷在溃疡创面上60s,剩余溶液以灌胃的方式给药。低、中、高剂量组的PAT-W给药方式同阳性药组。正常对照组和模型对照组给予等量生理盐水,各组每天给药1次,连续7d,每天记录体重和溃疡面的变化。在第7d麻醉后处死大鼠,取其溃疡组织,测定其炎症因子、表皮生长因子含量,H&E染色分析病理变化;取口腔粘液,分析其口腔菌群相对丰度。实验数据采用GraphPad Prism 8.3软件进行差异显著性分析,口腔菌群丰度基于16srRNA的高通量测序分析。
2、实验结果
(1)由表1可见,与正常组对比,模型组由于口腔糜烂,在7d内溃疡大鼠体重明显下降。从第1天开始分别给予生理盐水、VitaminB2和亮菌菌丝体多糖敷药灌胃处理。结果显示模型组的体重仍持续下降;而Vitamin B2组大鼠体重虽出现下降有所缓解,但是从第五天后出现体重恢复;而高剂量亮菌多糖组,从第3天溃疡鼠体重开始上升,说明亮菌菌丝体多糖有明显改善溃疡大鼠消瘦症状。
组别 | 第0天 | 第1天 | 第3天 | 第5天 | 第7天 |
空白组 | 251.16±0.99 | 251.92±1.32 | 253.17±1.30 | 253.83±1.33 | 254.50±1.39 |
模型组 | 251.08±3.67 | 248.92±4.17 | 245.92±3.53 | 244.67±2.53 | 246.00±2.82 |
阳性药组 | 253.33±2.52 | 252.42±2.29 | 249.75±2.13 | 248.25±4.65 | 250.17±4.26 |
低剂量组 | 247.00±5.08 | 244.92±4.62 | 242.33±4.30 | 242.33±4.90 | 244.25±4.60 |
中剂量组 | 250.50±2.45 | 248.08±2.97 | 245.83±1.80 | 247.75±1.73 | 249.08±1.90 |
高剂量组 | 252.00±2.51 | 250.42±2.01 | 248.25±3.09 | 250.67±2.43 | 251.42±2.54 |
(2)由表2可见,除正常组外,在造模第1d后,模型组、阳性药组和亮菌多糖低中高剂量组的大鼠均出现大小基本相同的口腔溃疡面。从第1d开始分别给予生理盐水、VitaminB2和亮菌菌丝体多糖敷药后灌胃处理,结果显示模型组的溃疡面虽具有一定的自愈性,但愈合程度缓慢;与模型组相比,阳性药组和亮菌多糖低中高剂量组的显著促进了溃疡面的愈合(P<0.05或P<0.01);与同浓度的Vitamin B2相比,高剂量的亮菌多糖处理溃疡大鼠后,愈合程度优于Vitamin B2。
组别 | 第1天 | 第3天 | 第5天 | 第7天 |
空白组 | - | - | - | - |
模型组 | 4.65±0.53 | 4.09±0.12 | 3.49±0.48 | 2.85±0.65 |
阳性药组 | 4.68±0.13 | 3.52±0.36 | 2.07±0.16** | 0.91±0.36** |
低剂量组 | 4.63±0.81 | 3.99±0.87 | 3.62±0.41 | 2.14±0.14 |
中剂量组 | 4.67±0.12 | 3.63±0.29* | 2.52±0.15* | 1.28±0.31* |
高剂量组 | 4.60±0.23 | 3.15±0.14* | 1.94±0.51** | 0.87±0.25** |
注:-未出现溃疡面;与模型组比,*P<0.05,显著,**P<0.01,极显著。
(3)肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素6(IL-6)、白介素1β(IL-1β)的含量是溃疡组织炎症的重要检测指标,当炎症因子含量处于稳定含量,溃疡黏膜组织免受炎症损伤就能促进溃疡面愈合。结果如表3所示:与空白组比较,模型组的大鼠溃疡组织中TNF-α、IL-6、和IL-1β等指标均显著增加(P<0.01);与模型组比较,Vitamin B2和低中高剂量组亮菌多糖的TNF-α、IL-6、和IL-1β明显下降(P<0.05、P<0.01或***P<0.001);且与同浓度的Vitamin B2相比,高剂量的亮菌多糖处理后,炎症因子下降程度虽不显著,但数值低于Vitamin B2。
表皮生长因子(EGF)可促进细胞的增殖,是检测上皮细胞再生的重要指标。结果如表3所示:与空白组相比较,模型组的大鼠溃疡黏膜组织EGF显著下降(P<0.01);与模型组比较,阳性药组和亮菌多糖低中高剂量组的EGF均明显上升(P<0.05);与同浓度的Vitamin B2相比,高剂量的亮菌多糖处理溃疡大鼠后,下降程度虽无统计学差异,但数值上优于Vitamin B2。
结果表明:机械创伤联合细菌感染引起的大鼠口腔溃疡,其炎症因子含量出现明显异常,在给予亮菌菌丝体多糖对口腔溃疡的炎症因子水平有明显改善作用。亮菌菌丝体多糖促进表皮生长因子分泌,促进细胞增殖以促进溃疡面的愈合。更重要的是,指标检测结果表明,亮菌菌丝体多糖优于同浓度的阳性对照药。
注:与空白组相比,##P<0.01,极显著;###P<0.001,极其显著。与模型组比,*P<0.05,显著;**P<0.01,极显著;***P<0.001,极其显著。
如图4正常组的大鼠口腔黏膜组织完整,上皮细胞结构清晰,排列有序,无炎症细胞浸润;与正常组相比,模型组的黏膜组织有明显的炎症细胞浸润,整个表皮组织出现断裂且伴随着红细胞外渗;与模型组相比,特别是高剂量亮菌多糖的治疗组中大鼠黏膜上皮组织基本完全恢复,无明显的炎性细胞浸润。
如图5和图6,通过高通量测序得到的微生物α和β多样性分析图。可以发现,与正常组相比,模型组的口腔菌的丰度极显著降低;与模型组比较,阳性药组和亮菌多糖低中剂量组的菌群丰度得到改善;而亮菌多糖高剂量组的菌群丰富得到显著调节,促进了菌群丰度和均匀度,改善了菌群失调,调节效果优于阳性药组。
Claims (2)
1.一种亮菌菌丝体多糖的用途,其特征在于:
所述亮菌菌丝体多糖用于制备具有治疗口腔溃疡作用的药物制剂;
所述亮菌菌丝体多糖的单糖组成及摩尔比构成为甘露糖:半乳糖醛酸:葡萄糖:阿拉伯糖=9.83 : 14.52 : 17.45 : 8.63;所述亮菌菌丝体多糖的分子量为2.95×104 Da。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于:
所述药物制剂能够显著降低炎症因子水平、提高表皮生长因子含量、降低炎性细胞浸润和调节口腔菌群的丰富度和均匀度。
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