Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a manual adjusting device for a hydraulic tailstock center and a turning method for a thin-walled frame, so as to solve the problem that in the prior art, a frame part is difficult to perform numerical control turning with high precision in size and shape and position.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the utility model provides a top manual regulation apparatus of hydraulic tailstock, includes fixed taper shank, transition cover, activity taper shank, regulation swivel nut and live center, the one end fixed connection of fixed taper shank is on the lathe, the other end fixed cup joints the transition cover, and the one end of transition cover rotates and cup joints the one end of adjusting the swivel nut, the inner circle threaded connection of adjusting the swivel nut is to the periphery of activity taper shank, live center is pegged graft to activity taper shank inner circle, live center periphery can drive along transition cover inner circle axial slip through the activity taper shank.
Furthermore, a key hole is formed in the transition sleeve, a sliding groove is formed in the periphery of the movable taper shank along the axial direction, a guide key is installed in the key hole, and the periphery of one end of the guide key is located in the sliding groove.
Furthermore, the connecting handle of the live center is of a conical structure, a conical hole is formed in the inner ring of the live center, and the periphery of the connecting handle and the inner ring of the conical hole are matched in size.
Furthermore, the connecting end of the fixed taper shank is of a conical structure, the conical structure of the connecting end of the fixed taper shank is inserted into the connecting hole of the machine tool, the periphery of the fixed taper shank is in threaded connection with a separation nut, and the separation nut is an opening and closing structure of the fixed taper shank and the machine tool.
Furthermore, the inner ring of one end of the transition sleeve is provided with an annular groove, one end of the adjusting screw sleeve is fixedly sleeved with an annular boss, the annular boss is connected into the annular groove in a sliding mode, one end of the annular boss is connected to the limiting baffle in a contact mode, the other end of the annular boss is connected to the inner side wall of the transition sleeve in a contact mode, and the limiting baffle is fixedly connected with the transition sleeve through screws.
Compared with the prior art, the manual adjusting device for the hydraulic tailstock center has the following beneficial effects: when the center is arranged on the hydraulic tailstock to prop against a workpiece, the propping force can be manually adjusted, so that the workpiece is prevented from being stressed and deformed due to overlarge pressure of a hydraulic system; by using the manual adjusting device for the hydraulic tailstock center, when the center is arranged on the hydraulic tailstock to prop against and process slender shaft parts, the radial position of the transition sleeve is adjusted to enable the axis of rotation of the center to be coaxial with the axis of the main shaft, so that taper errors during processing are avoided.
The invention also aims to provide a turning method of the thin-wall frame, which aims to solve the problem that a product is deformed after machining due to higher internal stress of a material of a thin-wall frame part in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a turning method of a thin-wall frame comprises the following steps:
s1, clamping the rough blank to a machine tool through a three-grabbing-disc, and performing rough machining through the machine tool to obtain a rough product;
s2, placing the crude product into an aging furnace to remove stress;
s3, clamping and positioning the rough product subjected to stress removal in the step S2 on a machine tool through a disc and a pressing plate, and performing semi-finishing through the machine tool to obtain a semi-finished product;
s4, putting the semi-finished product into a cryogenic processor to remove stress;
and S5, fixedly mounting the two ends of the semi-finished product subjected to stress removal in the step S4 to a machine tool through a manual adjusting device and a tip positioning clamping plate respectively, and obtaining a finished product through fine machining of the machine tool.
Further, the stress of the aging furnace in the step S2 is removed by placing the crude product into the aging furnace, heating to 120 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and then removing the crude product for natural air cooling.
Furthermore, the method for removing the stress through the cryogenic treatment machine in the step S4 is that the semi-finished product is put into the cryogenic treatment machine to be heated to 120 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2 hours, then the temperature is reduced to-60 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 2 hours.
Furthermore, the finished product comprises a first disc, a second disc and connecting rods, the first disc and the second disc are arranged in parallel, a plurality of connecting rods are arranged between the first disc and the second disc, one end of each connecting rod is fixedly connected to one side of the first disc and one side of the second disc, a first clamping column is arranged in the middle of the other side of the first disc, a second clamping column is arranged in the middle of the other side of the second disc, first through holes are formed in the middle of the first clamping column and the middle of the second clamping column respectively, the first disc, the second disc, the plurality of connecting rods, the first clamping column and the second clamping column are of a machining integrated structure, a movable top is connected to the first through holes of the second clamping column in a jacking mode, and a top positioning clamping plate is used for positioning the periphery of the first clamping column.
Furthermore, top locating splint include fixed top and locating piece, and the locating piece middle part is equipped with the second through-hole, and is equipped with the opening on the locating piece, and the opening communicates to the second through-hole, and first clamp post periphery is located the second through-hole, sets up the adjusting bolt in the opening, and the adjusting bolt is used for adjusting the inner circle size of second through-hole, and fixed top's one end top connects to in the first through-hole of first clamp post, and fixed top periphery sets up the fixed plate, is equipped with the notch on the fixed plate, installs the locating lever on the locating piece, and the periphery joint of locating lever is to in the notch.
Compared with the prior art, the turning method of the thin-wall frame has the following advantages: the method applies the technical measures of removing stress for multiple times in a sequence, simultaneously performing high-precision coaxiality size processing method through center positioning tools at two ends, manually adjusting tools through centers of a hydraulic tailstock of a numerical control lathe and the like, can finish precision turning of the frame part with high quality and high efficiency, the size and the coaxiality precision of the processed part completely meet the design requirements, the outer circle surfaces of the steps at two ends of the frame are not damaged in the clamping process, and the requirement of the surface roughness of the part to meet the design requirements is ensured.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings, which are based on the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings, and are used for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the manual adjusting device for the hydraulic tailstock center comprises a fixed taper shank 1, a transition sleeve 2, a movable taper shank 3, an adjusting screw sleeve 4 and a live center 5, wherein one end of the fixed taper shank 1 is fixedly connected to a machine tool, the other end of the fixed taper shank 1 is fixedly connected with the transition sleeve 2 in a sleeved mode, one end of the transition sleeve 2 is rotatably sleeved with one end of the adjusting screw sleeve 4, an inner ring of the adjusting screw sleeve 4 is connected to the periphery of the movable taper shank 3 in a threaded mode, the live center 5 is inserted into an inner ring of the movable taper shank 3, a key hole is formed in the transition sleeve 2, a sliding groove is axially formed in the periphery of the movable taper shank 3, a guide key 6 is installed in the key hole, the periphery of one end of the guide key 6 is located in the sliding groove, a connecting shank of the live center 5 is of a conical structure, the inner ring of the movable taper shank 3 is provided with a conical hole, the periphery of the connecting shank is matched with the inner ring of the conical hole in size, when the hydraulic tailstock is installed with the center to support a workpiece, the hydraulic tailstock center to support, the workpiece, the jacking force can be manually adjusted, and deformation of the workpiece caused by overlarge pressure of a hydraulic system is avoided; by using the manual adjusting device for the hydraulic tailstock center, when the center is arranged on the hydraulic tailstock to prop against and process slender shaft parts, the radial position of the transition sleeve 2 is adjusted to enable the axis of rotation of the center to be coaxial with the axis of the main shaft, so that taper errors during processing are avoided.
The link of fixed taper shank 1 is the toper structure, and the toper structure of fixed taper shank 1 link pegs graft to the connecting hole of lathe, and the peripheral threaded connection separation nut 7 of fixed taper shank 1, after parts machining accomplishes, moves back the tailstock to the lathe afterbody, and rotatory separation nut 7 through 7 terminal surfaces of separation nut and lathe tailstock taper hole terminal surface looks roof pressure, pulls down the device from the tailstock.
The one end inner circle of transition cover 2 is equipped with the ring channel, adjusts the fixed cover of one end of swivel nut 4 and connects annular boss 41, and annular boss 41 sliding connection is to the ring channel in, and the one end contact of annular boss 41 is connected to limit baffle 8, and the other end contact of annular boss 41 is connected to the inside wall of transition cover 2, through screw 9 fixed connection between limit baffle 8 and the transition cover 2.
As shown in figures 1-5, the manual adjusting device is applied to a thin-wall frame turning method so as to solve the problem of numerical control turning of high-precision size and form and position precision of frame parts. The turning processing method adopts the process route of removing the stress for multiple times in sequence, the high-precision coaxiality size processing method, the manual adjusting tool for the hydraulic tailstock center of the numerical control lathe and other process measures, and ensures that the processing of the frame part completely meets the design index requirements, and comprises the following steps:
s1, clamping a rough blank to a machine tool through a three-grabbing-disc, and performing rough machining through the machine tool to obtain a rough product, wherein the rough product corresponds to a finished product 10 and the requirement that the flow of a single side of the peripheral outline of each part is more than 1mm is met;
s2, placing the crude product into an aging furnace to remove stress, wherein the method for removing the stress in the step is to place the crude product into the aging furnace to be heated to 120 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and then removing the crude product from natural air cooling.
S3, clamping and positioning the rough product subjected to stress removal in the step S2 on a machine tool through a disc and a pressing plate, and performing semi-finishing through the machine tool to obtain a semi-finished product, wherein the semi-finished product corresponds to the finished product 10 and the peripheral contour allowance of each part is 0.25 mm, and central holes are required to be processed at two ends of the semi-finished product;
and S4, placing the semi-finished product into a cryogenic processor to remove stress, wherein the stress removing method in the step is to place the semi-finished product into the cryogenic processor to be heated to 120 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, then cooling to-60 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and repeating the operation twice as above.
And S5, repairing and grinding center holes at two ends of the semi-finished product subjected to stress removal in the step S4, fixedly mounting the two ends of the semi-finished product to a machine tool through a manual adjusting device and a tip positioning clamping plate respectively, and finely turning each size to meet each tolerance requirement of a drawing through fine work of the machine tool to obtain a finished product 10.
As shown in fig. 2, the finished product 10 includes a first circular disc 101, a second circular disc 102 and connecting rods 103, the first circular disc 101 and the second circular disc 102 are arranged in parallel, a plurality of connecting rods 103 are arranged between the first circular disc 101 and the second circular disc 102, one end of each connecting rod 103 is fixedly connected to one side of the first circular disc 101 and one side of the second circular disc 102, a first clamping column 104 is arranged in the middle of the other side of the first circular disc 101, a second clamping column 105 is arranged in the middle of the other side of the second circular disc 102, first through holes are respectively arranged in the middle of the first clamping column 104 and the second clamping column 105, the first circular disc 101, the second circular disc 102, the plurality of connecting rods 103, the first clamping column 104 and the second clamping column 105 are of a machined integral structure, a movable top is connected to the first through hole of the second clamping column 105, and a top positioning clamping plate is used for positioning and clamping the periphery of the first clamping column 104.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the tip positioning clamping plate includes a fixed tip 11 and a positioning block 12, a second through hole 121 is disposed in the middle of the positioning block 12, an opening 122 is disposed on the positioning block 12, the opening 122 is communicated with the second through hole 121, the periphery of the first clamping column 104 is located in the second through hole 121, an adjusting bolt 123 is disposed in the opening 122, the adjusting bolt 123 is used for adjusting the size of an inner ring of the second through hole 121, one end of the fixed tip 11 is abutted to the first through hole of the first clamping column 104, a fixing plate 111 is disposed on the periphery of the fixed tip 11, a notch 112 is disposed on the fixing plate 111, a positioning rod 124 is mounted on the positioning block 12, and the periphery of the positioning rod 124 is engaged to the notch 112.
The application of the manual adjusting device and the center positioning clamping plate to fix the semi-finished product can ensure the coaxiality of the first clamping column 104 and the second clamping column 105 during processing, and ensure the coaxiality and size processing of the first clamping column 104 and the second clamping column 105 at two ends of the finished product 10, the method comprises the following steps:
the outer edge of a first clamping column 104 at the left end and the right end, the excircle of a second clamping column 105 and the coaxiality requirement of a relative reference axis phi 0.006 mm are strictly ensured in a finish turning process, after a semi-finished product is clamped by using a chuck, a fixing center 11 which is synchronously processed is positioned and is matched with a positioning block 12 arranged at the first clamping column 104 to drive a part to rotate, and a manual adjusting device arranged on a tailstock turns each surface of the excircle by taking center holes at the two ends as a positioning surface, wherein the clamping and positioning of the semi-finished product are mainly realized by a manual adjusting device and a center positioning clamping plate.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the three-jaw chuck clamps a fixed center 11 made of No. 45 steel quenched and tempered material with the diameter of 30 millimeters, the center cone angle is 60 degrees, and the center cone angle needs to be processed on line before the fixed center 11 is used for positioning processing so as to ensure that the fixed center 11 has minimum run-out relative to the rotation axis of the machine tool spindle.
The middle fixing plate 111 of the fixing center 11 is provided with a notch 112, a positioning rod 124 on the positioning block 12 is inserted into the notch 112 to drive the positioning block 12 to rotate, one end of a hole at the center of the positioning block 12 is in an opening 122 state, and the opening 122 is tightened and opened by using an adjusting bolt 123 on the side surface to fix the positioning block 12 and the outer circle of the first clamping column 104.
The second through hole 121 of the positioning block 12 is in clearance fit with the outer circle of the first clamping column 104 of the finished product 10, and the fit clearance is less than 0.02mm, so that the surface of the finished product 10 is prevented from being damaged by clamping when the positioning block 12 clamps a part.
The use method of the manual adjusting device for the hydraulic tailstock center comprises the following steps:
the periphery of the fixed taper shank 1 is provided with external threads, a separation nut 7 is matched with the external threads, and the fixed end of the fixed taper shank 1 adopts a Morse's four-size external cone which is matched with a taper hole of a tailstock of a machine tool; the other end of the fixed taper shank 1 is in clearance fit with the transition sleeve 2 (the clearance is 0.1 to 0.3mm and is used for adjusting the center of the tip to be coaxial with the rotation axis of the main shaft), and the fixed taper shank 1 and the transition sleeve 2 are connected and fixed through 4 screws 9 in the circumferential direction.
An inner hole of the transition sleeve 2 is in clearance fit with the outer circle of the movable taper shank 3, the clearance is controlled within 0.02mm, and a guide key 6 arranged in the hole is matched with a key groove of the outer circle of the movable taper shank 3, so that the movable taper shank 3 can linearly slide in the transition sleeve 2; an outer annular boss 41 at the end part of the adjusting screw sleeve 4 is limited in an annular groove at the inner ring at the end part of the transition sleeve 2, so that the adjusting screw sleeve 4 can flexibly rotate in the transition sleeve 2, an inner hole of the movable taper shank 3 is a Morse No. 2 taper hole for installing a movable center 5, and the periphery of the movable taper shank 3 is provided with an external thread which is connected with the internal thread of the adjusting screw sleeve 4; when in use, the live center 5 can axially slide along the inner ring of the transition sleeve 2 by rotating the adjusting screw sleeve 4.
When the frame part is turned, the material allowance and the machining stress are gradually removed according to machining process steps. The finish turning process is carried out according to a coaxiality dimension processing guaranteeing method, a front center is matched with a special clamping plate and a hydraulic tailstock center manual adjusting device, and finally the turning processing of the frame part is achieved on a numerical control lathe by utilizing a mounting and positioning method of the two centers.
After the parts are machined, the tailstock is retracted to the tail of the machine tool, the separation nut 7 is rotated, and the end face of the separation nut 7 is pressed against the end face of the taper hole of the tailstock of the machine tool, so that the device is detached from the tailstock.
When the manual adjusting device for the hydraulic tailstock center is used for jacking and processing slender shaft parts by using the hydraulic tailstock, the jacking force of the center can be adjusted by manually rotating the adjusting threaded sleeve 4 at any time according to the thermal elongation change in processing. In the processing of a slender shaft, if the axis of a tip is not coaxial with the axis of a main shaft, 4 screws 9 can be slightly loosened, the two axes are coaxial by adjusting the transition sleeve 2, and then the screws 9 are screwed down.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.