CN1148620C - 访问分布式控制系统中现场设备的装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种分布式控制系统,它包括:提供分布式控制系统主要控制的控制室;多个基于网络的现场设备,每个基于网络的现场设备都包括主要控制网络的端口;与每个基于网络的现场设备的每个主要控制网络端口耦合的控制网络;与控制室耦合的控制器,用来控制和向多个基于网络的现场设备提供主要访问;用来将控制网络与控制器连接起来的网络/控制器连接装置;以及用来向多个基于网络的现场设备提供非冗余辅助访问的辅助访问装置。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及对分布式控制系统中现场设备的访问。具体而言,本发明涉及利用无线收发机远程访问现场设备、对无法由分布式控制系统的控制器访问的现场设备进行访问的功能以及利用无线收发机对现场设备提供冗余的无线访问。
背景技术
在一家典型的工厂内,分布式控制系统被用来控制工厂内的许多生产过程。工厂一般有一个容放计算机系统的中央控制室,该系统配备有计算技术中熟知的用户I/O、磁盘I/O和其它外设。与计算系统耦合的是控制器和过程I/O子系统。
过程I/O子系统包括多个与遍布工厂的现场设备相连的I/O端口。控制技术中已知的现场设备包括各种类型的分析设备、硅压力传感器、电容压力传感器、热敏检测器、热电偶、应变仪、限位开关、开启/关闭开关、流量变送器、压力变送器、容量开关、天平、换能器、阀门定位器、阀门控制器、启动器、螺线管和指示灯。这里的术语“现场设备”包括这些设备以及其它完成分布式控制系统功能的设备。
模拟现场设备传统上通过双绞线电流环路与控制室连接,每个设备用单个双绞线对连到控制室。模拟现场设备能够在特定的范围内响应或发送电信信号。在典型的结构中,双绞线之间的电压差约为20-25伏而环路中流动的电流为4-20毫安。向控制室发送信号的模拟现场设备以正比于检测过程变量的电流对电流环路中流动的电流进行调制。另一方面,在控制室控制下完成动作的模拟现场设备由环路中被过程I/O系统(由控制器控制)的I/O端口调制的电流的幅度控制。传统的具有有源电子线路的双线模拟设备可以从环路接收最大为40毫瓦的功率。需要更大功率的模拟现场设备一般采用四线连接至控制室,其中的两根线向设备供电。这种设备称为四线设备,与双线不同,它们不受功率限制。
相反传统的分立现场设备发送或响应的是二进制信号。分立现场设备一般在24伏信号(直流或交流)、110或240伏交流信号或者5伏直流信号下工作。当然分立设备的工作电压也可以根据特定控制设备的电气指标设计。分立的输入现场设备是简单的开关,它建立或断开与控制室的连接,而分立输出现场设备根据控制室信号的有无采取行动。
历史上大多数传统的现场设备包括与现场设备完成的主要功能直接相关的单输出或者单输出。例如传统模拟电阻温度传感器完成的唯一一个功能是通过调制双绞线内的电流发送温度信号,而传统模拟阀门定位器完成的唯一一个功能是根据双绞线内的电流确定阀门在开启与关闭之间的位置。
最近在分布式系统中采用了将数字数据叠加在电流环路上的混合系统。已知的一种混合系统是高速公路可寻址远程传感器(HART)并且与Bell202调制解调器的规格相似。HART系统利用电流环路中电流的幅度来检测过程变量(与传统系统相同),并且还将数字载波信号叠加在电流环路信号上。载波信号相对较慢,并且以每秒2-3次的更新速度更新辅助过程变量。数字载波信号一般用来发送辅助和诊断信息而不用来完成现场设备的主要控制功能。在载波信号上提供的信息的例子包括辅助过程变量、诊断信息(包括传感器诊断、设备诊断、引线诊断和过程诊断)、工作温度、传感器温度、标度信息、设备ID编号、建筑材料、配置或编程信息等。因此单个混合现场设备可能包括各种输入和输出变量并且实现各种功能。
HART是工业标准非专用系统。但是它相对较慢。工业界的其它公司研制了专用性的更快数字发送方案,但是它们一般不能为竞争者采用。
最近美国仪器协会(ISA)制订了更新的控制协议。新协议一般称为现场总线,并且特别称为SP50,它是Standards and Practice Subcommittee50的简称。现场络以最高31.25KB/秒的速率发送数据并向与网络耦合的现场设备供电。H2现场总线网络以最高2.5MB/秒的速率发送数据,但是不向与网络耦合的现场设备供电,并且提供冗余的发送媒体。现场总线是非专有开放标准并且正在吸引着工业界的注意力。
随着其它协议和结构被工业界接收,工业界将面对越来越多的挑战去将这些技术溶人单个分布式控制系统。例如更新的设备将耦合至已有的分布式控制系统。在这些情况下,来自控制室的信号可以采用传统的模拟或混合技术,但是现场设备可以耦合至H1或H2现场总线网络。反过来,工厂的控制室的更新可以这样:使连向控制室的输入和输出包含现代H1或H2现场总线并使各个信号运行到某些老的模拟和混合现场设备,以及运行到新的基于现场总线的现场设备。
除了将各种技术集成在一个分布式系统时遇到的挑战以外,新的现场设备将具有旧控制系统无法完成的维护模式和增强功能。此外即使当分布式系统的组件符合同一标准(例如现场总线标准)时,一个厂商的控制室设备也可能无法访问另一个制造厂商的现场设备提供的辅助功能或辅助信息。
发明内容
本发明提供一种在分布式系统中对现场设备进行非冗余辅助访问的装置,它包括对现场设备进行主要访问的控制室,从而能够辅助访问在现场设备中可用的所有信息和功能。
本发明还提供一种用于在分布式系统中以冗余无线方式访问现场设备的装置,分布式系统包括一个对现场设备进行访问的控制室,从而在硬线媒体失效时冗余访问现场设备。
在本发明的第一实施例中,每个现场设备都提供一个无线端口并且可以被元线手持单元或者无线终端访问。在该实施例的一种结构中,无线端口由连接现场设备的控制网络供电。
在本发明的第二实施例中,包含无线端口的现场模块与已有的控制网络连接。现场模块提供了从无线手持单元或者无线终端(可以位于控制室内)到所有连接控制网络的现场设备的访问。在该实施例的一个结构中,现场模块由所连接的控制网络供电。
在本发明的第三实施例中,分布式控制系统提供有网桥,将分布式控制系统中的分布网络连接至一个或多个控制网络,其中控制网络耦合至现场设备。网桥还包括提供从无线手持单元或者无线终端(可以位于控制室内)到所有连接控制网络的现场设备的访问的无线端口。
在本发明第四实施例中,网桥/变换器连接到来自用于控制现场模拟设备的旧控制室的双绞模拟线,并且将旧的控制室耦合至新的基于网络的现场设备。在本实施例的一个结构中,网桥/转换器包括与终端耦合的硬线端口。放置在控制室内的终端向控制系统的操作者提供了新的基于网络现场设备的所有功能和辅助信息的访问(旧的控制室模拟部件无法访问这些设备)。在该实施例的另一个结构中(可以与第一个结构兼容),网桥/转换器提供有允许基于网络的设备被无线终端或者无线手持单元访问的无线端口。
附图的简要说明
图1为已有技术分布式控制系统的示意图;
图2A为包括两个分布式控制系统并且表示本发明三个实施例的工厂示意图;
图2B为包括两个分布式控制系统并且表示本发明三个实施例的工厂示意图;
图3为包括一个已经被新的基于网络现场设备更新的旧模拟分布式控制系统并且表示本发明一个实施例的工厂示意图。
实施发明的较佳方式
图1为已有技术分布式控制系统(DCS)10的框图。DCS10由控制室12、控制器14、分立/模拟I/O单元16、H2-H1网桥18和各种用螺线管24、开关26和54、阀门定位器28、46和52、变送器30、34和44、过程分析仪36和50表示的现场设备。这些设备代表了控制技术中已知的各种现场设备。如图1所示的有手持单元38和39(它们能够通过物理线连接访问混合或现场总线现场设备中的信息)以及本地操作者/用户工作站40(能够在经过物理线连接的现场设备之间发送和接收控制室型命令)。
控制室12包括计算机、用户I/O、各种形式的数据存储设备和已有技术中已知的其它计算设备。控制室12经总线20耦合至控制器14,该总线典型的是专数字通信网或者采用专用协议的开放数字通信网。控制器14接收来自控制室12的各种命令并且向控制室12提供数据。
如图1所示,DCS10为包含两种不同类型的现场设备的混合系统。设备24-36为传统的模拟、分立和混合模拟/数字设备,其中设备的主要控制功能通过调制电流实现。现场设备耦合至分立/模拟I/O单元16,每个设备通过一对线连接至单元16的单独信道(如果是传统的四线现场设备则可能是两根另外的电源线)。例如螺线管24经双绞线42耦合至单元16的信道43。
对于传统的模拟或分立现场设备,发生与设备的通信只是通过调制或开关双绞线内的电流,其幅度表示测量的过程变量(如同在变送器中一样)或者控制器14请求的行动(如同在阀门定位器或螺线管)。传统的模拟设备具有限制在10Hz左右的频率响应并且从双绞线接收功率。
混合模拟/数字设备不仅在操作上与传统的模拟设备相似,而且可以通过将数字载波信号叠加在双绞线内的调制电流上。控制技术中一种已知的混合模拟/数字系统是高速公路可寻址远程传感器(HART)并且以类似于符合Bell标准的普通计算机调制解调器的相同方式发送数据。这些设备的主要功能仍然通过环路内的电流调制实现,而其它类型的辅助信息(例如诊断数据、工作温度、识别码、纠错码和辅助变量)以数字方式发送。在这样一个系统中,数字通信的速度较慢并且限制于300波特率。当维修者欲检测模拟设备时,它必须将设备本身物理连接起来,从而使本地操作者/用户站40连接至发送器30,或者连接至接到设备的双绞线,从而使手持单元连接至引向阀门定位器28的双绞线。
相反,设备44-54为现代基于网络的数字现场设备,其中所有的信息都被数字化地在各设备之间发送。虽然许多控制系统制造商已经研制出了专用的数字系统,但是美国仪器协会的标准和实践委员会50研究并定义了作为已有技术的现场总线。现场总线规格包括两种类型的网络,称为H1的低速网络和称为H2的高速网络。两种网络可以支持与单个网络总线的多种连接,与传统的模拟连接(它只支持一个设备/双绞线)相反。虽然本发明描述的是基于现场网络的控制系统,但是在本发明的其它实施例中,在分布式控制系统中采用了具有基于网络的现场设备。
现场总线H2可以以最高2.5MB/秒的数量发送数据。此外,H2网络是冗余的,带有两套包含网络的物理引线媒体。主要的引线媒体如果失效,则由DCS自动采用辅助引线媒体。由于H2现场总线网络的高容量和冗余度,H2现场网络开始被用作将控制器与DCS中的各种分布单元连接起来的分布网络。但是传统的分布网络是采用并行或串行通信的专用网络。
在图1中,H2分布网络22将控制器14与H2-H1网桥18耦合起来,并且专用总线21将控制器14与分立/模拟I/O单元16耦合。在其它已知的结构中,单元16和网桥18可以耦合至普通的分布网络。如上所述,分立/模拟I/O单元16包括分立信道,每个信道耦合至一台设备。
H2-H1桥将专有技术分布网络22携带的数据链接至H1现场总线45和47。H1现场总线控制网络45耦合至发送器44、阀门定位器46和继电器48,而H1现场总线47耦合至过程分析仪50、阀门定位器52和螺线管54。虽然H1现场总线不再冗余,并且具有31.25kB/秒的较低数据发送率,它能够向耦合的设备提供电能,而H2现场总线不能。基于上述原因,H1现场总线对于向各现场设备提供最终链接是理想的,而H2现场网络对于建立DCS的工厂内的分布式控制信号来说是理想的。
最近现场设备上提供了微处理器和其它附加功能。这种“智能化”的现场设备能够监视多个过程变量,完成各种控制功能,完成综合诊断并提供大量各种类型的状态信息。现场总线标准定义了各种由各种现场总线设备支持的功能。此外许多制造商提供了除现场总线标准以外的辅助功能。虽然不同制造商制造的现场总线设备只与现场总线标准规定的内容兼容,但是它们在辅助功能上是不兼容的。例如,公司A制造的总线控制器一般无法访问由公司B制造的现场总线阀门定位器提供的辅助信息。因此采用由不同制造商提供的现场总线部件的工厂将无法从各种部件提供的所有功能中获益。
在设计用于传统的模拟/分立和混合设备的旧分布式控制系统中问题更加糟糕。一家公司通常希望保护其在已有装备中的投资,并且将其装备改建成与新的现场总线设备兼容。在这种装备中,控制室甚至不能访问由各种设备提供的标准化现场总线功能。因此当基于现场总线的设备与旧的分布式控制系统链接时有必要访问由各种制造商提供的辅助功能以及标准化现场功能。
图2为包括两个分布式控制系统的工厂。DCS56由控制室60、控制器62、总线64、现场设备66、阀门定位器68、发送器70、过程分析仪72、H1现场总线控制网络74、发送器76、阀门定位器78、螺线管80、现场模块82以及H1现场总线控制网络84组成。DCS58由控制室86、控制器88、总线90、H2现场总线分布网络94、H2-H1网桥92、发送器96和100、阀门定位器98以及H1现场总线控制网络102组成。总线64和90一般为专用数字通信网络或者采用专用协议的开放通信网络。如同2所示的还有终端104和手持控制单元110。终端104与无线链接模块106(链接无线收发机108)耦合。手持控制单元110包括无线收发机112。
本发明的两个实施例适于DCS56中。第一实施例由耦合至H1现场总线控制网络74的那些现场设备表示。控制网络74上的每台现场设备包括无线收发机。现场设备66表示与控制网络74耦合的任何通用现场设备并且包括无线收发机114。阀门定位器68包括无线收发机116,发射机70包括无线收发机118,而过程分析仪72包括无线收发机120。每个无线收发机将无线现场总线与终端104和手持单元110连接起来,从而可以访问控制室60无法访问到的每个现场设备的辅助功能,并向维修人员提供对现场设备的方便访问而不用与控制室通信并独立于分布式控制系统。
这里所述的无线现场总线由另外用于主要网络端口(与控制室硬线连接)的辅助无线网络端口实现。因此基于网络的现场设备可以经过与控制室的硬线连接或者无线现场总线连接访问。相反许多已有技术的基于网络的现场设备提供有冗余硬线网络连接(如果第一连接失效则作为备份)。但是现场设备一般不是由第一或冗余连接访问,除了检测冗余连接以外。此外,典型的冗余连接还取道控制室。
本发明的另一个新特点是附属于无线现场总线的无线现场总线端口由附属于每台设备的硬线H1现场总线端口供电。因此拥有来自某一制造商的现场总线控制设备的客户可以将具有无线现场总线端口(按照本发明)的现场设备连接至已有的H1现场总线控制网络,并且可以访问采用手持单元的附加现场设备的所有功能,或者具有无线现场总线链接的终端。由于现场设备的无线现场链接由已有的H1现场总线供电,所以无需附加的引线。
这里揭示的无线链路代表了已有技术中任意一种无线通信方法,包括但不局限于无线电波、红外、可见光和超声波等形式。
本发明第二实施例由链接至H1现场总线控制网络84的设备表示。发送器76、阀门定位器78和螺线管耦合至控制网络84。与控制网络84耦合的还有包括由H1现场总线控制网络84供电的无线收发机122的现场模块82。现场模块82基本上构成了控制网络84与手持单元110或终端104之间的无线网桥,并且允许单元110或者终端104访问耦合至H1现场总线控制网络84的每台设备。因此现场设备82理想地适合用于包括来自不同厂商的各种H1现场总线设备的已有环境。手持单元110和终端104可以容易地编程从而访问链接至现场模块82的控制网络上每台设备的功能。
本发明第三实施例用DCS58表示。在DCS58中,控制器88通过H2现场总线分布网络94耦合至H2-H1网桥。H2-H1网桥将H2现场总线分布网络94链接至H1现场总线控制网络102。H2-H1网桥还包括与无线收发机124链接的第二现场总线端口,并与诸如手持单元110或终端104之类的远地设备通信。因此远地无线现场设备可以通过H2-H1网桥访问所有的现场设备,例如发射机96和100以及阀门定位器98。在其它结构中,对于H2-H1网桥来说服务于多个H1现场总线控制网络是普遍的情况,其中所有通过H2-H1网桥链接至控制网络服务的现场设备都可以远地访问。
许多工厂包括多个分布式控制系统。通过采用无线现场总线网络,维修人员可以在DCS之间采用一个手持控制单元访问与DCS耦合的现场设备。由于手持控制单元可以编程访问每台现场设备,所以维修人员可以访问不同厂商提供的所有设备功能。
本发明还提供了向分布式控制系统中的现场设备提供冗余无线访问的装置和方法,从而可以在将现场设备链接至控制室的硬线媒体失效时访问现场设备。可以采用几种方法进行冗余无线访问。首先在硬线媒体失效或者维修时可以继续操作分布式控制系统。但是即使继续操作不需要,对于监视过程变量和完成控制动作(例如关闭过程)来说冗余无线访问还是有价值的。例如考虑到发生不测事件(例如爆炸)的分布式控制系统。爆炸可能会使使控制室无法操作用硬线媒体链接的现场设备。采用本发明提供的冗余无线访问,控制室操作者仍然可以访问现场设备从而正常地关闭分布式控制系统。操作者可以观察临界温度和压力,调整或关闭阀门和其它设备以关闭整个系统。通过对现场设备冗余访问,操作者可以以最小的损失关闭系统。
图2B是具有两个与图2A相似的分布式控制系统的工厂,其中同样的部件采用相同的标号。图2B中的DCS56由控制室60(包括与无线模块106耦合的终端104,而无线链路模块106链接至无线收发机108)、控制器62、总线64、现场设备66等构成,与图2A相同。DCS58由控制室86(包括与无线模块107耦合的终端103,而无线链路模块107链接至无线收发机109)、控制器88、总线90、现场设备66等构成,与图2A相似。
图2B的本发明两个实施例示于DCS56中。第一实施例由耦合至H1现场总线控制网络74的现场设备表示。控制网络74上的每台现场设备包括无线收发机。每台无线收发机实现与终端104的冗余无线现场总线链接,从而允许冗余无线访问来自控制室60的每台现场设备。
图2B的第二实施例用连接至H1现场总线控制网络84的设备表示。发送器76、阀门定位器78和螺线管80耦合至控制网络84。与控制网络84耦合的还有包括由H1现场总线控制网络84供电的无线收发机122的现场模块82。现场模块82基本上构成了控制网络84与控制室56内终端104之间的无线网桥,并且允许终端104访问耦合至H1现场总线控制网络84的每台设备。因此现场设备82理想地适合用于包括来自不同厂商的各种H1现场总线设备的已有环境。手持单元110和终端104可以容易地编程从而访问链接至现场模块82的控制网络上每台设备的功能。
本发明第三实施例用DCS58表示。在DCS58中,控制器88通过H2现场总线分布网络94耦合至H2-H1网桥。H2-H1网桥将H2现场总线分布网络94链接至H1现场总线控制网络102。H2-H1桥还包括与无线收发机124链接的第二现场总线端口,并与诸如终端103之类的远地设备通信。因此控制室86内的终端103可以通过H2-H1网桥访问所有的现场设备,例如发射机96和100以及阀门定位器98。
图3示出了示于在一个已经被新的基于网络现场设备更新的旧分布式控制系统中使用的本发明实施例。DCS126包括控制室128、控制器130、总线132、分立/模拟I/O单元134、网桥/转换器136、总线137、H1现场总线控制网络138和140、螺线管142和152、发送器144和148、阀门定位器146和150、手持单元154和终端156。
DCS126表示针对采用传统分立模拟/分立和混合现场设备的旧分布式控制系统。除了终端156以外,虚线以上部分158代表旧的已有设备部分。虚线以下部分158(和终端156)代表新增加的现场总线部件。
网桥/转换器136是DCS126旧的部分与现场总线设备的接口。网桥/转换器136包括多个通过双绞线对(例如双绞线对164与分立/模拟I/O单元134(例如信道162)的相应过程I/O信道(例如信道162)耦合的过程I/O信道(例如信道160)。网桥/转换器136将分立/模拟I/O单元134提供的模拟、分立和/或混合信息转换成在H1现场总线网络138和140上向设备发送的数字信息,并且将网络138和140上从设备接收到的数字信息转换为分立/模拟I/O单元134需要的模拟、分立和/或混合信息。
从控制室128的角度看,现场总线设备似乎是传统的模拟、分立和混合现场设备。因此控制室128无法访问由现场总线设备提供的辅助功能。为了访问这些功能,桥/转换器136提供有有源硬线现场总线端口166和无线现场总线端口168。
硬线现场总线端口166连接至现场总线网络170,其又与终端156相连。在一个实施例中,终端156位于控制室128内部,并且向控制室内的操作者提供了对现场总线设备提供的所有功能的访问,并且无法通过已有控制室部件访问。端口166不是冗余端口,而是向控制室提供对现场总线设备提供的所有功能进行访问的辅助端口。因此控制室操作者可以经过分立/模拟I/O单元134或者终端156访问现场总线设备。相反如果第一端口失效,则冗余端口被用作备用端口。在图3所示的这种结构中,冗余端口不再与控制室耦合。
现场总线端口168与无线收发机172相连,从而形成与图2所示一样的无线现场总线网络。手持单元154包括一个无线收发机174,并经过连接至网桥/转换器136的无线端口168的无线收方即72与现场总线设备142-152通信。除了手持单元154以外,包含无线链路的终端(例如图2中的终端104和无线链路106)可以用来与耦合至网桥/转换器136的现场设备通信。
本发明提供了向分布式控制系统中的现场设备提供辅助访问的装置,该分布式控制系统包括向现场设备提供主要访问的控制室。在现代包含与现场总线控制室耦合的分布式控制系统中,本发明提供了到远地单元(例如手持设备或者具有无线链路的终端)的无线链路,从而使维修人员通过远地单元访问现场的每个现场总线设备。由于来自某一厂商的现场总线控制室无法访问来自另一个厂商现场总线设备的辅助功能,所以手持单元也可以为访问各种厂商从易编程的单个手持单元或远地终端提供的辅助功能提供访问。
本发明还提供了向分布式控制系统中的现场设备提供无线冗余访问的装置,该分布式控制系统包括向现场设备提供硬线访问的控制室。在现代包含与现场总线控制室耦合的分布式控制系统中,本发明提供了到包含无线链路的终端的冗余无线访问。本发明的装置在将控制室耦合至现场设备的硬线媒体(它是访问控制设备的主要方式)失效或无用时可以访问现场设备。
在一个实施例中,每个现场总线设备都提供有自己的辅助无线H1或者由H1现场总线控制网络供电的H2现场总线端口。由于无需修改分布式控制系统,并且适合于在已有现场总线设备上添加新的设备,所以该实施例提供了最大程度的灵活性。H1现场总线设备一旦与已有的H1现场总线控制网络连接,则设备可以经无线手持单元或者无线终端被访问。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,现场模块连接至已有的现场总线控制网络。现场模块具有由H1现场总线控制网络供电的无线H1或H2现场总线端口,并且提供了从无线手持单元或者无线终端到连接在控制网络的所有现场总线设备的访问。该实施例理想地适于已经包含现场总线设备的分布式控制系统。
在本发明另一个实施例中,向分布式控制系统提供了H2-H1网桥,它包含一个或多个与现场总线设备耦合的H1控制网络、与控制器耦合的硬线H2端口以及无线H2或H1现场总线端口。无线现场总线端口使得无线手持单元或无线终端访问由H2-H1网桥服务的所有H1控制网络上的所有现场总线设备。
在本发明第四实施例中,网桥/转换器连接至来自旧控制室的双绞模拟/分立线,并且将旧控制室与新的现场总线设备耦合起来。在该实施例中,网桥/转换器提供了H1或H2现场总线端口从而能够访问控制室不能访问的现场总线设备的功能。在一种构造中,终端经过硬线现场总线网络连接至网桥/转换器。可以代替控制室的终端向控制系统的操作者提供了对现场总线设备所有功能的访问。在另一种结构(与第一种结构兼容)中,网桥/转换器提供有无线H1或H2现场总线端口从而通过无线终端或者无线手持单元访问现场总线设备。
虽然借助较佳实施例对本发明作了描述,但是本领域内的技术人员在不偏离本发明精神和范围的前提下可以作出各种修改。
Claims (16)
1.一种分布式控制系统,其特征在于包括:
提供分布式控制系统主要控制的控制室(60,86);
多个基于网络的现场设备(66,72),每个基于网络的现场设备都包括主要控制网络的端口;
与每个基于网络的现场设备的每个主要控制网络端口耦合的控制网络(74,84,94);
与控制室耦合的控制器(62,88),用来控制和向多个基于网络的现场设备的主要功能提供主要访问;
用来将控制网络与控制器连接起来的网络/控制器连接装置(92,134,136);其中
用来向多个基于网络的现场设备的辅助功能提供非冗余无线辅助访问的辅助访问装置(114-120);
无线终端(104)或手持单元(110),用于执行对每个现场设备辅助功能的无线访问。
2.如权利要求1所述的分布式控制系统,其特征在于所述辅助访问装置包括:
与每个基于网络的现场设备的非冗余辅助端口耦合的无线收发机(114)。
3.如权利要求2所述的分布式控制系统,其特征在于所述无线收发机由控制网络经主要控制网络端口供电。
4.如权利要求1所述的分布式控制系统,其特征在于所述辅助访问装置包括:
与控制网络耦合的现场模块(82),所述现场模块包括:
与控制网络耦合的第一网络端口;
非冗余辅助端口;以及
与所述非冗余辅助端口耦合的无线收发器(112)。
5.如权利要求4所述的分布式控制系统,其特征在于所述现场模块经第一网络端口从控制网络接收电能。
6.如权利要求1所述的分布式控制系统,其特征在于所述控制器与分布式网络耦合,并且所述网络/控制器连接装置包括:
用于从分布式网络向控制网络发送信息的网桥,所述网桥包括:
与分布式网络耦合的第一端口;
与控制网络耦合的第二端口;
无线收发机(124);以及
与无线收发机耦合的第三非冗余端口。
7.如权利要求1所述的分布式控制系统,其特征在于所述网络/控制器连接装置包括:
分立/模拟I/O单元(134),包括:
与控制器耦合的总线(137);以及
多个分立/模拟I/O信道(162);以及
网桥/转换器(136),它包括:
与分立/模拟I/O单元的多个模拟I/O信道耦合的多个分立/模拟I/O信道(160);
用来提供对无法经控制器访问的多个基于网络的现场设备功能的访问的非冗余基于网络的现场设备访问端口(168);以及
与控制网络耦合的控制网络端口。
8.如权利要求7所述的分布式控制系统,其特征在于进一步包含:
终端(156);以及
终端与网桥/转换器的非冗余基于网络的现场设备访问端口之间的硬线连接(170)。
9.如权利要求7所述的分布式控制系统,其特征在于进一步包含:
与网桥/转换器的非冗余基于网络的现场设备访问端口耦合的无线收发机(172);以及
具有无线收发机(174)的远地访问设备(14),用来远地访问多个基于网络的现场设备。
10.如权利要求1-9中任一权利要求所述的分布式控制系统,其特征在于,每个基于网络的现场设备包括用于执行控制功能的控制装置(66-72);向基于网络的现场设备提供主要控制访问的主要控制网络端口;以及为基于网络的现场设备提供非冗余辅助访问的非冗余辅助端口。
11.如权利要求10所述的分布式控制系统,其特征在于,所述基于网络的现场设备执行一组功能,该组功能包含不能经主要控制网络端口访问而能通过非冗余辅助端口访问的辅助功能子集。
12.如权利要求4或5所述的分布式控制系统,其特征在于,所述现场模块简化了对与控制网络相连的现场设备所执行的辅助功能子集的访问,并且所述辅助功能子集不能由耦合到控制网络的控制器访问。
13.如权利要求6所述的分布式控制系统,其特征在于,所述网桥简化了对与控制网络相连的现场设备所执行的辅助功能子集的访问,并且所述辅助功能子集不能由耦合到分布式网络的控制器访问。
14.一种分布式控制系统,包括经硬线媒体提供分布式控制系统主要控制的控制室(60,86),其特征在于还包括:
多个基于网络的现场设备(66-72),每个基于网络的现场设备都包括主要控制网络端口;
与每个基于网络的现场设备的每个主要控制网络端口耦合的控制网络(74,84,94);
与控制室耦合的控制器(62,88),用来控制和向多个基于网络的现场设备的主要功能提供主要访问;
用来将控制网络与控制器连接起来的网络/控制器连接装置(92,134,136);其中
用来向多个基于网络的现场设备的相同功能提供冗余无线访问的辅助访问装置(114-120);
与控制室中无线链路(106,107)耦合的无线终端(103,104)。
15.如权利要求14所述的分布式控制系统,其特征在于,所述辅助访问装置进一步包括第一无线收发器(124,172),配置用于向多个基于网络的设备提供非无线访问;以及具有辅助无线收发器(174)的远地访问设备(154),用于通过第一无线收发器(124,172)远地访问多个基于网络的现场设备。
16.如权利要求14或15所述的分布式控制系统,其特征在于,所述辅助访问装置包括远地终端(156),配置用于向多个基于网络的设备提供非无线访问。
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US08/483,119 | 1995-06-07 |
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JP (2) | JP3859015B2 (zh) |
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CN (1) | CN1148620C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE187824T1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9509503A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2203561C (zh) |
DE (2) | DE69529180T2 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI115079B (zh) |
NO (1) | NO317025B1 (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ295900A (zh) |
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WO (1) | WO1996012993A1 (zh) |
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