CN114847101B - A Cultivation Method for Improving Low Light Resistance of Cucumber - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving weak light resistance of cucumbers, which comprises germination cultivation, seedling cultivation, early flowering cultivation and cucumber formation cultivation. The cultivation method can effectively relieve the weak light stress of winter and spring facility cucumbers in north China and prevent the phenomenon of leaf area increase, and the leaf area is 376-402cm ² The stem thickness can be prevented from thinning, the stem thickness is 1.12-1.22cm, the stem growth phenomenon can be prevented, the stem length is 348-362cm, the yellow leaf proportion can be reduced, and the yellow leaf proportion is 0.46-0.88%.

Description

A Cultivation Method for Improving Low Light Resistance of Cucumber

technical field

The invention relates to a cultivation method for improving low-light tolerance of cucumbers, belonging to the field of cucumber cultivation.

Background technique

Cucumber (scientific name: Cucumis sativus L.) is an annual vine or climbing herb of Cucurbitaceae, also known as pickled cucumbers and cucumbers. It is widely cultivated in various parts of China, and many areas have greenhouses or plastic greenhouses. It is now widely planted in temperate and tropical regions. Cucumber is one of the main vegetables in summer in various parts of China. In northern my country, in recent years, in order to meet people's growing demand for annual fresh vegetable supply, facility cucumber cultivation has become one of the main crops in winter and spring solar greenhouses in northern my country.

In the northern part of my country, the light in winter and spring is weak, and the multi-layer covering designed for heat preservation often puts cucumbers under weak light stress, especially in cloudy, rainy and snowy weather, the light is at the light compensation point of cucumbers, and the consumption of organic matter It is equal to the production and cannot accumulate dry matter. Therefore, the production of cucumbers at room temperature in the sun is in a low temperature and weak light environment for a long time, which makes the physiological activities of cucumbers out of balance and seriously affects the yield and quality of cucumbers.

There are two ways to make cucumbers resistant to low light. One is to hybridize and breed hybrid offspring with low light resistance, but it takes a long time and cannot guarantee that the offspring will have the required characteristics. , and it is not suitable for all varieties of cucumbers. If you want different varieties of cucumbers to have low light resistance, you need to carry out new hybrid breeding. Another method is to combine the application of exogenous substances and improved cultivation methods in cucumber cultivation. , so that the low-light resistance of cucumbers can be improved. This method can be applied to different cucumber varieties and has high versatility.

CN104823734A discloses a cultivation method for improving the resistance to low light of facility cucumbers. By spraying glutathione on the leaves, the low light stress of cucumbers can be alleviated, but it is only suitable for cucumbers in spring and autumn, and the effect on cucumbers in winter and spring. The weak light stress cannot be effectively alleviated. During the growth of cucumbers in winter and spring facilities, the leaf area of the plant will increase and the stem thickness will become thinner. At the same time, the fruit will shrivel and the unit weight will decrease.

Although cucumber is a relatively shade-tolerant crop, even in summer, the decrease in light intensity will still lead to a decrease in plant photosynthesis. Conventional spraying of exogenous substances can improve the weak light stress of cucumber under low light intensity in summer, while In winter and spring, the temperature drops, the light is less than 40% of that in summer, and the photosynthesis can only reach about one-third of that in summer, which will cause the cucumber to grow poorly, the stem thickness will become thinner, and the leaf area of the plant will increase instead, and the yield will be seriously reduced. Spraying exogenous substances could not improve the low light stress of cucumber.

At present, there are no articles or reports that can alleviate the low light stress of winter and spring growing facility cucumbers by combining exogenous substances and improving cultivation methods.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects existing in the prior art, and to further provide a cultivation method by applying the exogenous substance glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation and cooperating with other field treatments, so as to relieve winter and spring facilities. Low light stress of cucumber.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention takes the following technical solutions:

A cultivation method for improving low light resistance of cucumber, the method comprises cultivation at germination stage, cultivation at seedling stage, cultivation at initial flowering stage, and cultivation at fruiting stage.

Following is the further improvement to above-mentioned technical scheme:

The method of cultivation in the germination period is as follows: after sowing winter and spring cucumbers in seedling pots, before the appearance of the first true leaf, normal water and fertilizer management is carried out, and before the fifth true leaf grows, the maximum temperature during cultivation is controlled not to exceed 24-26°C, the minimum temperature is not lower than 19-21°C, the maximum humidity during controlled cultivation is not more than 80-90%, and the minimum humidity is not lower than 60-70%.

The seedling stage cultivation includes temperature and humidity control, light treatment, and application of exogenous substances;

The temperature and humidity control method is as follows: after the cucumber germination period ends, grow until the leaf primordium differentiates to before 20 nodes, the highest temperature during controlled cultivation does not exceed 26-28°C, the lowest temperature does not lower than 17-19°C, and the highest temperature during controlled cultivation The humidity should not exceed 85-95%, and the minimum humidity should not be lower than 70-80%;

The method of the light treatment is to irradiate the cucumber seedlings with ultraviolet light at 6:00-7:00 in the morning when the cucumber seedlings grow until the leaf primordium differentiates to 5 nodes, and the irradiation time is 30-50min, and thereafter every 2-4 days Carry out ultraviolet irradiation once, until cucumber seedling grows to leaf primordium and differentiates to 20 nodes;

The wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp is 630-660nm, the power is 12-20W, the irradiation intensity is 35-50uw/cm ² , and the irradiation distance is 1.4-1.6m above the cucumber.

The method of applying exogenous substances is to spray glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation on cucumber seedlings at 16:00-17:00 in the afternoon when the cucumber seedlings grow until the leaf primordium differentiates to 5 nodes. Afterwards, when the cucumber seedlings grow until the leaf primordium differentiates to 15 nodes, use the same spraying method to spray the dilution of glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation on the leaves of cucumber seedlings, and manage water and fertilizer normally in the rest of the time ;

The spraying method is: mix and dilute the glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation with water according to the mass ratio of 1:400-600, spray on the leaves of cucumber seedlings, and the spraying amount is 14-16kg/mu.

The cultivation at the initial flowering stage includes temperature and humidity control and application of exogenous substances;

The temperature and humidity control method is as follows: after the cucumber seedling stage is over, after the cucumber is planted in the greenhouse, and before the cucumber plant grows to the first female flower sitting on the melon, the maximum temperature during cultivation is controlled not to exceed 26-28°C, and the minimum temperature is not lower than 17-19°C, the maximum humidity during controlled cultivation should not exceed 90-96%, and the minimum humidity should not be lower than 75-85%;

The method of applying the exogenous substance is to spray the compound exogenous preparation of glutathione chitooligosaccharide on the leaves of cucumber seedlings at 16:00-17:00 on the 9th to 12th day after the cucumbers are planted in the greenhouse facility. Diluent, the rest of the time normal water and fertilizer management;

The spraying method is as follows: mix and dilute the glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation with water according to the mass ratio of 1:400-600, spray on the leaves of cucumber seedlings, and the spraying amount is 18-25kg/mu.

The cultivation at the fruiting stage includes temperature and humidity control and application of exogenous substances;

The temperature and humidity control method is as follows: the cucumber plant grows until the first female flower sits on the melon, and until it is harvested, the highest temperature during controlled cultivation does not exceed 24-26°C, the lowest temperature does not lower than 11-13°C, and the highest temperature during controlled cultivation The humidity should not exceed 90-96%, and the minimum humidity should not be lower than 75-85%;

The method of applying the exogenous substance is: when the cucumber plant grows to the first female flower sitting on the melon, spray the compound exogenous preparation of glutathione chitooligosaccharide on the leaves of the cucumber seedlings at 16:00-17:00 in the afternoon. Diluent, the rest of the time normal water and fertilizer management;

The spraying method is: mix and dilute the glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation with water according to the mass ratio of 1:400-600, spray on the leaves of cucumber seedlings, and the spraying amount is 14-16kg/mu.

The preparation method of the glutathione-chitooligosaccharide composite exogenous preparation comprises preparing a starch hydrolyzate solution, preparing a glutathione-chitooligosaccharide mixture, and mixing and freeze-drying;

The method for preparing starch hydrolyzate solution is to mix cornstarch with acetic acid buffer solution, control the stirring speed to 400-500r/min, and stir for 25-50min, then heat up to boil, and maintain After boiling for 40-60min, cool to 35-42°C, add pullulanase for hydrolysis, hydrolysis time 11-13h, add absolute ethanol after hydrolysis to precipitate starch hydrolyzate, centrifuge and dry, starch hydrolyzate and remove Ionized water is mixed to obtain a starch hydrolyzate solution.

The mass ratio of described corn starch and acetic acid buffer solution is 1:3.5-4.5;

The pH of the acetic acid buffer solution is 6.2-6.5;

The mass ratio of described pullulanase and cornstarch is 4.5-5.5:3;

The enzyme activity of the pullulanase is 70-80U/g;

The mass ratio of described dehydrated alcohol and acetic acid buffer solution is 0.8-1.2:1;

The mass ratio of the starch hydrolyzate to deionized water is 1:2.5-3.5.

The method for preparing glutathione chitooligosaccharide mixture is to mix chitooligosaccharide with deionized water, add 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, control The stirring speed is 700-900r/min, stirring, the stirring time is 25-40min, after stirring, add glutathione, adjust the temperature to 14-16°C, control the stirring speed to 110-150r/min, carry out stirring, the stirring time for 60-80min, stir and then evaporate to dryness to obtain glutathione chitooligosaccharide mixture;

The mass ratio of described chitosan oligosaccharide and deionized water is 1:9-11;

The mass ratio of described 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride to chitooligosaccharide is 1:1.8-2.2;

The mass ratio of glutathione to chitooligosaccharide is 2.5-3.5:2.

The method of mixing and freeze-drying is as follows: mixing the glutathione chitooligosaccharide mixture with the starch hydrolyzate solution, adding L-ascorbic acid and zinc sulfate heptahydrate, controlling the stirring speed to 900-1200r/min, stirring, the stirring time 80-100min, freeze-dry after the stirring is completed, and freeze-dry to a water content of 5.0-6.0wt%, to obtain a glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation;

The mass ratio of the glutathione chitooligosaccharide mixture, starch hydrolyzate solution, L-ascorbic acid and zinc sulfate heptahydrate is 8-12:12-17:2.5-3.5:0.8-1.2.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention achieves the following beneficial effects:

The cultivation method of the present invention can effectively alleviate the weak light stress of winter and spring facility cucumbers in northern China, prevent the phenomenon of increasing leaf area, the leaf area is 376-402cm ² , and can prevent the phenomenon of stem thickness becoming thinner, and the stem thickness is 1.12-1.22cm , can prevent excessive growth of stems and tendrils, the length of stems and tendrils is 348-362cm, can reduce the proportion of yellow leaves, the proportion of yellow leaves is 0.46-0.88%;

The cultivation method of the present invention can improve the output and quality of winter and spring facility cucumbers in northern my country, the yield per mu is 6490-6580 kg/mu, the unit weight of fruit is 239-251g, the fruit length is 51.5-52.4cm, and the rate of abnormal fruit is 0.86 -1.20%, the proportion of yellowed fruit is 0.69-0.81%.

Detailed ways

Example 1

(1) Germination period cultivation

After sowing winter and spring cucumbers in seedling pots, normal water and fertilizer management is carried out until the first true leaf appears. Before the fifth true leaf grows, the maximum temperature during cultivation should not exceed 25°C, and the minimum temperature should not be lower than 20°C. °C, the maximum humidity during controlled cultivation should not exceed 85%, and the minimum humidity should not be lower than 65%.

(2) Cultivation at seedling stage

a. Temperature and humidity control

After the cucumber germination period ends, grow until the leaf primordium differentiates to before 20 nodes. The maximum temperature during controlled cultivation shall not exceed 27°C, and the minimum temperature shall not be lower than 18°C. The maximum humidity during controlled cultivation shall not exceed 90%, and the minimum humidity shall not be lower than 75%. ;

b. Light treatment

When the cucumber seedlings grew until the leaf primordia differentiated to 5 nodes, the cucumber seedlings were irradiated with ultraviolet light at 6:30 in the morning for 40 minutes, and thereafter, ultraviolet irradiation was performed every 3 days until the cucumber seedlings grew until the leaf primordia differentiated to 20 nodes;

The wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp is 650nm, the power is 15W, the irradiation intensity is 40uw/cm ² , and the irradiation distance is 1.5m above the cucumber;

c. Administering exogenous substances

When the cucumber seedlings grow until the leaf primordia are differentiated to 5 nodes, spray the dilution of glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation on the leaves of the cucumber seedlings at 16:30 in the afternoon. During seasons, use the same spraying method to spray the dilution of glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation on the leaves of cucumber seedlings, and manage water and fertilizer normally in the rest of the time;

The spraying method is as follows: mix and dilute the glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation with water at a mass ratio of 1:500, spray on the leaves of cucumber seedlings, and spray at a rate of 15kg/mu.

(3) Cultivation at the initial flowering stage

a. Temperature and humidity control

At the end of the cucumber seedling stage, after the cucumber plant is planted in the greenhouse until the cucumber plant grows to the first female flower, the maximum temperature during cultivation shall not exceed 27°C, the minimum temperature shall not be lower than 18°C, and the maximum humidity during cultivation shall not exceed 95°C. %, the minimum humidity is not less than 80%;

b. Administration of exogenous substances

On the 10th day after cucumbers were planted in the greenhouse, spray the dilution of glutathione chitooligosaccharide complex exogenous preparation on the leaves of cucumber seedlings at 16:30 in the afternoon, and manage water and fertilizer normally in the rest of the time;

The spraying method is as follows: mix and dilute the glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation with water at a mass ratio of 1:500, and spray on the leaves of cucumber seedlings at a spraying rate of 20kg/mu.

(4) Cultivation during fruiting period

a. Temperature and humidity control

After the cucumber plant grows to the first female flower, until it is harvested, the maximum temperature during controlled cultivation shall not exceed 25°C, and the minimum temperature shall not be lower than 12°C. The maximum humidity during controlled cultivation shall not exceed 95%, and the minimum humidity shall not be lower than 80%. ;

b. Administration of exogenous substances

When the cucumber plant grows to the first female flower sitting in melon, spray the dilution of glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation on the leaves of cucumber seedlings at 16:30 in the afternoon, and manage water and fertilizer normally in the rest of the time;

The spraying method is as follows: mix and dilute the glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation with water at a mass ratio of 1:500, spray on the leaves of cucumber seedlings, and spray at a rate of 15kg/mu.

The preparation method of the glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation:

a, preparation of starch hydrolyzate solution

Mix cornstarch with acetic acid buffer solution, control the stirring speed to 450r/min, stir for 30min, then raise the temperature to boil, keep in boiling state for 50min, cool to 40°C after boiling, add pullulanase Hydrolysis, the hydrolysis time is 12 hours. After the hydrolysis is completed, add absolute ethanol to precipitate the starch hydrolyzate. After centrifugal drying, mix the starch hydrolyzate with deionized water to obtain a starch hydrolyzate solution;

The mass ratio of described corn starch and acetic acid buffer solution is 1:4;

The pH of the acetic acid buffer solution is 6.3;

The mass ratio of described pullulanase and cornstarch is 5:3;

The enzyme activity of the pullulanase is 75U/g;

The mass ratio of described dehydrated alcohol and acetic acid buffer solution is 1:1;

The mass ratio of described starch hydrolyzate and deionized water is 1:3;

b, preparation of glutathione chitooligosaccharide mixture

Chitosan oligosaccharide is mixed with deionized water, 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride is added, the stirring speed is controlled to be 800r/min, and stirring is carried out, and the stirring time is 30min. After stirring, add glutathione, adjust the temperature to 15°C, control the stirring speed to 125r/min, and stir for 70min. After stirring, rotate and evaporate to dryness to obtain glutathione chitooligosaccharide mixture;

The mass ratio of described chitosan oligosaccharide and deionized water is 1:10;

The mass ratio of described 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride and chitosan oligosaccharide is 1:2;

The mass ratio of described glutathione and chitosan oligosaccharide is 3:2;

c. Mixed and freeze-dried

Mix the glutathione chitooligosaccharide mixture with the starch hydrolyzate solution, add L-ascorbic acid and zinc sulfate heptahydrate, control the stirring speed to 1000r/min, and stir for 90min. After the stirring is completed, freeze-dry and freeze Dry until the water content is 5.5wt%, to obtain the glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation;

The mass ratio of the glutathione chitooligosaccharide mixture, starch hydrolyzate solution, L-ascorbic acid, and zinc sulfate heptahydrate is 10:15:3:1.

Example 2

(1) Germination period cultivation

After sowing winter and spring cucumbers in seedling pots, carry out normal water and fertilizer management until the first true leaf appears. Before the fifth true leaf grows, the maximum temperature during cultivation should not exceed 24°C, and the minimum temperature should not be lower than 19°C. °C, the maximum humidity during controlled cultivation should not exceed 80%, and the minimum humidity should not be lower than 60%.

(2) Cultivation at seedling stage

a. Temperature and humidity control

After the cucumber germination period ends, grow until the leaf primordium differentiates to 20 knots, the maximum temperature during controlled cultivation shall not exceed 26°C, and the minimum temperature shall not be lower than 17°C, and the maximum humidity during controlled cultivation shall not exceed 85%, and the minimum humidity shall not be lower than 70%. ;

b. Light treatment

When the cucumber seedlings grew until the leaf primordia differentiated to 5 nodes, the cucumber seedlings were irradiated with ultraviolet light at 6:00 in the morning for 50 minutes, and thereafter, ultraviolet irradiation was performed every 4 days until the cucumber seedlings grew until the leaf primordia differentiated to 20 nodes;

The wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp is 630nm, the power is 12W, the irradiation intensity is 35uw/cm ² , and the irradiation distance is 1.4m above the cucumber;

c. Administering exogenous substances

When the cucumber seedlings grow until the leaf primordia differentiate to 5 nodes, spray the dilution of the glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation on the leaves of the cucumber seedlings at 16:00 in the afternoon. During seasons, use the same spraying method to spray the dilution of glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation on the leaves of cucumber seedlings, and manage water and fertilizer normally in the rest of the time;

The spraying method is as follows: mix and dilute the glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation with water at a mass ratio of 1:400, and spray on the leaves of cucumber seedlings at a spraying rate of 16kg/mu.

(3) Cultivation at the initial flowering stage

a. Temperature and humidity control

At the end of the cucumber seedling stage, after the cucumber plant is planted in the greenhouse until the cucumber plant grows to the first female flower, the maximum temperature during cultivation shall not exceed 26°C, the minimum temperature shall not be lower than 17°C, and the maximum humidity during cultivation shall not exceed 90°C. %, the minimum humidity is not less than 75%;

b. Administration of exogenous substances

On the 9th day after the cucumbers were planted in the greenhouse, spray the dilution of the glutathione chitooligosaccharide complex exogenous preparation on the leaves of the cucumber seedlings at 16:00 in the afternoon, and manage the water and fertilizer normally in the rest of the time;

The spraying method is as follows: mix and dilute the glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation with water at a mass ratio of 1:400, spray on the leaves of cucumber seedlings, and spray at a rate of 25kg/mu.

(4) Cultivation during fruiting period

a. Temperature and humidity control

After the cucumber plant grows to the first female flower, until it is harvested, the maximum temperature during controlled cultivation shall not exceed 24°C, and the minimum temperature shall not be lower than 11°C. The maximum humidity during controlled cultivation shall not exceed 90%, and the minimum humidity shall not be lower than 75%. ;

b. Administration of exogenous substances

When the cucumber plant grows to the first female flower sitting in melon, spray the dilution of glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation on the leaves of cucumber seedlings at 16:00 in the afternoon, and manage water and fertilizer normally in the rest of the time;

The spraying method is as follows: mix and dilute the glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation with water at a mass ratio of 1:400, and spray on the leaves of cucumber seedlings at a spraying rate of 16kg/mu.

The preparation method of the glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation:

a, preparation of starch hydrolyzate solution

Mix cornstarch with acetic acid buffer solution, control the stirring speed to 400r/min, stir, stir for 50min, then heat up to boil, keep in boiling state for 40min, cool to 35°C after boiling, add pullulanase Hydrolysis, the hydrolysis time is 11 hours. After the hydrolysis is completed, add absolute ethanol to precipitate the starch hydrolyzate. After centrifugal drying, mix the starch hydrolyzate with deionized water to obtain a starch hydrolyzate solution;

The mass ratio of described corn starch and acetic acid buffer solution is 1:3.5;

The pH of the acetic acid buffer solution is 6.2;

The mass ratio of described pullulanase and cornstarch is 4.5:3;

The enzyme activity of the pullulanase is 70U/g;

The mass ratio of described dehydrated alcohol and acetic acid buffer solution is 0.8:1;

The mass ratio of described starch hydrolyzate and deionized water is 1:2.5;

b, preparation of glutathione chitooligosaccharide mixture

Chitosan oligosaccharide is mixed with deionized water, 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride is added, the stirring speed is controlled to be 700r/min, and the stirring time is 40min. After stirring, add glutathione, adjust the temperature to 14°C, control the stirring speed to 110r/min, and stir for 80min. After stirring, rotate and evaporate to dryness to obtain glutathione chitooligosaccharide mixture;

The mass ratio of described chitosan oligosaccharide and deionized water is 1:9;

The mass ratio of described 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride and chitooligosaccharide is 1:1.8;

The mass ratio of described glutathione and chitosan oligosaccharide is 2.5:2;

c. Mixed and freeze-dried

Mix the glutathione chitooligosaccharide mixture with the starch hydrolyzate solution, add L-ascorbic acid and zinc sulfate heptahydrate, control the stirring speed to 900r/min, and stir for 100min. After the stirring is completed, freeze-dry and freeze Dry until the water content is 5.0wt%, to obtain the glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation;

The mass ratio of the glutathione chitooligosaccharide mixture, starch hydrolyzate solution, L-ascorbic acid, and zinc sulfate heptahydrate is 8:12:2.5:0.8.

Example 3

(1) Germination period cultivation

After sowing winter and spring cucumbers in seedling pots, carry out normal water and fertilizer management until the first true leaf appears. Before the fifth true leaf grows, the maximum temperature during cultivation should not exceed 26°C, and the minimum temperature should not be lower than 21°C. °C, the maximum humidity during controlled cultivation should not exceed 90%, and the minimum humidity should not be lower than 70%.

(2) Cultivation at seedling stage

a. Temperature and humidity control

After the cucumber germination period ends, grow until the leaf primordium differentiates to before 20 knots. The maximum temperature during controlled cultivation shall not exceed 28°C, and the minimum temperature shall not be lower than 19°C. The maximum humidity during controlled cultivation shall not exceed 95%, and the minimum humidity shall not be lower than 80%. ;

b. Light treatment

When the cucumber seedlings grew until the leaf primordia differentiated to 5 nodes, the cucumber seedlings were irradiated with ultraviolet light at 7:00 in the morning for 30 minutes, and after that, ultraviolet irradiation was performed every 2 days until the cucumber seedlings grew until the leaf primordia differentiated to 20 nodes;

The wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp is 660nm, the power is 20W, the irradiation intensity is 50uw/cm ² , and the irradiation distance is 1.6m above the cucumber;

c. Administering exogenous substances

When the cucumber seedlings grew until the leaf primordia differentiated to 5 nodes, spray the dilution of the glutathione chitooligosaccharide complex exogenous preparation on the leaves of the cucumber seedlings at 17:00 in the afternoon. During seasons, use the same spraying method to spray the dilution of glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation on the leaves of cucumber seedlings, and manage water and fertilizer normally in the rest of the time;

The spraying method is as follows: mix and dilute the glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation with water at a mass ratio of 1:600, and spray on the leaves of cucumber seedlings at a spraying rate of 14kg/mu.

(3) Cultivation at the initial flowering stage

a. Temperature and humidity control

At the end of the cucumber seedling stage, after the cucumber plant is planted in the greenhouse, and before the cucumber plant grows to the first female flower, the maximum temperature during cultivation shall not exceed 28°C, the minimum temperature shall not be lower than 19°C, and the maximum humidity during cultivation shall not exceed 96°C. %, the minimum humidity is not less than 85%;

b. Administration of exogenous substances

On the 12th day after the cucumbers were planted in the greenhouse, spray the dilution of the glutathione chitooligosaccharide complex exogenous preparation on the leaves of the cucumber seedlings at 17:00 in the afternoon, and manage the water and fertilizer normally in the rest of the time;

The spraying method is as follows: mix and dilute the glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation with water at a mass ratio of 1:600, and spray on the leaves of cucumber seedlings at a spraying rate of 18kg/mu.

(4) Cultivation during fruiting period

a. Temperature and humidity control

After the cucumber plant grows to the first female flower, until it is harvested, the maximum temperature during controlled cultivation shall not exceed 26°C, and the minimum temperature shall not be lower than 13°C. During controlled cultivation, the maximum humidity shall not exceed 96%, and the minimum humidity shall not be lower than 85%. ;

b. Administration of exogenous substances

When the cucumber plant grows to the first female flower, spray the dilution of glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation on the leaves of cucumber seedlings at 17:00 in the afternoon, and manage water and fertilizer normally in the rest of the time;

The spraying method is as follows: mix and dilute the glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation with water at a mass ratio of 1:600, and spray on the leaves of cucumber seedlings at a spraying rate of 14kg/mu.

The preparation method of the glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation:

a, preparation of starch hydrolyzate solution

Mix cornstarch with acetic acid buffer solution, control the stirring speed to 500r/min, stir, stir for 25min, then heat up to boil, keep in boiling state for 60min, cool to 42°C after boiling, add pullulanase Hydrolysis, the hydrolysis time is 13 hours. After the hydrolysis is completed, add absolute ethanol to precipitate the starch hydrolyzate. After centrifugal drying, mix the starch hydrolyzate with deionized water to obtain a starch hydrolyzate solution;

The mass ratio of described corn starch and acetic acid buffer solution is 1:4.5;

The pH of the acetic acid buffer solution is 6.5;

The mass ratio of described pullulanase and cornstarch is 5.5:3;

The enzyme activity of the pullulanase is 80U/g;

The mass ratio of described dehydrated alcohol and acetic acid buffer solution is 1.2:1;

The mass ratio of described starch hydrolyzate and deionized water is 1:3.5;

b, preparation of glutathione chitooligosaccharide mixture

Chitosan oligosaccharide is mixed with deionized water, 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride is added, the stirring speed is controlled to be 900r/min, and the stirring time is 25min. After stirring, add glutathione, adjust the temperature to 16°C, control the stirring speed to 150r/min, and stir for 60min. After stirring, rotate and evaporate to dryness to obtain the glutathione chitooligosaccharide mixture;

The mass ratio of described chitosan oligosaccharide and deionized water is 1:11;

The mass ratio of described 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride to oligochitosan is 1:2.2;

The mass ratio of described glutathione and chitosan oligosaccharide is 3.5:2;

c. Mixed and freeze-dried

Mix the glutathione chitooligosaccharide mixture with the starch hydrolyzate solution, add L-ascorbic acid and zinc sulfate heptahydrate, control the stirring speed to 1200r/min, and stir for 80min. After the stirring is completed, freeze-dry and freeze Dry until the water content is 6.0wt%, to obtain the glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation;

The mass ratio of the glutathione chitooligosaccharide mixture, starch hydrolyzate solution, L-ascorbic acid, and zinc sulfate heptahydrate is 12:17:3.5:1.2.

Comparative example 1

On the basis of Example 1, the step of preparing glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation is omitted, and the 1000-fold dilution of glutathione is used to replace the glutathione chitooligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation in each step of the cultivation method. The dilution of the source preparation, and the rest of the steps are the same for cultivation.

Comparative example 2

On the basis of Example 1, in the seedling stage cultivation step, the light treatment step is omitted, and the remaining steps are the same for cultivation.

The influence of embodiment 4 cultivation methods on the traits of cucumber stems and leaves

The cultivation methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were respectively applied to the planting of cucumbers in winter and spring facilities. The selected cucumber variety was Yuanfengyuan No. 6, which was sown on October 15, and was planted in the greenhouse after the seedling stage facilities, the planting density is 3500 plants/mu, after planting, the embodiment 1-3 and the comparative example 1-2 are respectively set into ten groups of normal growth group (group A) and shading group (group B), wherein the normal growth group is subjected to normal growth. Sunlight, wherein the shading group is 9:00-16:00 on the first three days of the week, the shading treatment is carried out, the shading degree is set to 40%, and the normal light is carried out on the last four days of the week until harvesting, measuring and counting cucumbers The character of stem and leaf, and statistics, statistical results are shown in Table 1;

The impact of embodiment 5 cultivation methods on the yield and quality of cucumber

The cultivation methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were respectively applied to the planting of cucumbers in winter and spring facilities. The selected cucumber variety was Yuanfengyuan No. 6, which was sown on October 15, and was planted in the greenhouse after the seedling stage facilities, the planting density is 3500 plants/mu, after planting, the embodiment 1-3 and the comparative example 1-2 are respectively set into ten groups of normal growth group (group A) and shading group (group B), wherein the normal growth group is subjected to normal growth. Sunlight, wherein the shading group is 9:00-16:00 on the first three days of the week, the shading treatment is carried out, the shading degree is set to 40%, and the normal light is carried out on the last four days of the week until harvesting, measuring and counting cucumbers Yield and quality, and statistics, statistical results are shown in Table 2;

Claims (4)

1. a cultivation method for improving the weak light resistance of cucumbers is characterized by comprising the steps of germination cultivation, seedling cultivation, early flowering cultivation and cucumber formation cultivation;

the method for cultivating the cucumbers in the germination period comprises the steps of sowing the cucumbers, carrying out normal water and fertilizer management until the 1 st true leaf appears, and controlling the highest temperature not to exceed 24-26 ℃, the lowest temperature not lower than 19-21 ℃, the highest humidity not to exceed 80-90% and the lowest humidity not lower than 60-70% during cultivation before the 5 th true leaf grows out;

the seedling stage cultivation comprises temperature and humidity control, light treatment and exogenous substance application;

the temperature and humidity control method in the seedling stage comprises the steps of growing the cucumber until the leaf primordium is differentiated to 20 nodes after the germination stage of the cucumber is finished, controlling the highest temperature to be not more than 26-28 ℃ and the lowest temperature to be not less than 17-19 ℃ during cultivation, controlling the highest humidity to be not more than 85-95% during cultivation and controlling the lowest humidity to be not less than 70-80%;

the illumination treatment method comprises the following steps of irradiating the cucumber seedlings by using an ultraviolet lamp at a speed of 6-7 a.m. from 00 to 00 a when the cucumber seedlings grow until the leaf primordia are differentiated to 5 knots, wherein the irradiation time is 30-50min, and then performing ultraviolet irradiation every 2-4 days until the cucumber seedlings grow until the leaf primordia are differentiated to 20 knots;

the ultraviolet lamp has a wavelength of 630-660nm, a power of 12-20W, and an irradiation intensity of 35-50uw/cm ² The irradiation distance is 1.4-1.6m above the cucumber;

the method for applying the exogenous substance in the seedling stage comprises the steps of spraying a diluent of the glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide composite exogenous preparation to the leaf surfaces of the cucumber seedlings at a speed of between 00 and 00 < 16 >:17 > in the afternoon when the cucumber seedlings grow until the leaf primordia are differentiated to 5 knots, spraying the diluent of the glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide composite exogenous preparation to the leaf surfaces of the cucumber seedlings in the same spraying mode after the cucumber seedlings grow until the leaf primordia are differentiated to 15 knots, and carrying out normal water and fertilizer management at the rest time;

the spraying method in the seedling stage and the melon bearing stage comprises the following steps: mixing and diluting the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation and water according to the mass ratio of 1 to 400-600, and spraying the mixture on the leaf surfaces of cucumber seedlings, wherein the spraying amount is 14-16 kg/mu;

the cultivation in the initial flowering period comprises temperature and humidity control and exogenous substance application;

the method for controlling the temperature and the humidity in the initial flowering stage comprises the steps of controlling the highest temperature to be not more than 26-28 ℃, the lowest temperature to be not less than 17-19 ℃, the highest humidity to be not more than 90-96% and the lowest humidity to be not less than 75-85% during cultivation after the cucumber seedling stage is finished and is planted in a greenhouse until the cucumber plant grows to the 1 st female flower and sits on the cucumber;

the method for applying the exogenous substance in the early flowering phase comprises the following steps of spraying a diluent of a glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation to the leaf surfaces of cucumber seedlings at a speed of (00-00) 16 in the afternoon in 9-12 days after the cucumber is fixedly planted in a greenhouse facility, and carrying out normal water and fertilizer management in the rest time;

the spraying method in the initial flowering phase comprises the following steps: mixing and diluting the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation and water according to the mass ratio of 1 to 400-600, and spraying the mixture on the leaf surfaces of cucumber seedlings, wherein the spraying amount is 18-25 kg/mu;

the melon growing period cultivation comprises temperature and humidity control and exogenous substance application;

the temperature and humidity control method in the melon bearing period comprises the steps that after cucumber plants grow to 1 st female flower and sit on the cucumber, the cucumber plants are harvested, the highest temperature is controlled not to exceed 24-26 ℃ and the lowest temperature is not lower than 11-13 ℃ during cultivation, the highest humidity is controlled not to exceed 90-96% and the lowest humidity is not lower than 75-85% during cultivation;

the method for applying the exogenous substance in the melon-bearing period comprises the following steps of spraying a diluent of the glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation to the leaf surfaces of cucumber seedlings at a speed of (00-00) in the afternoon when the cucumber plants grow to the 1 st female flower and sit in the cucumber, and carrying out normal water and fertilizer management at the rest time;

the preparation method of the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation comprises the steps of preparing a starch hydrolysate solution, preparing a glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide mixture, mixing and freeze-drying;

the method for preparing the starch hydrolysate solution comprises the steps of mixing corn starch and an acetic acid buffer solution, controlling the stirring speed to be 400-500r/min, stirring for 25-50min, heating to boil, keeping the temperature for 40-60min in the boiling state, cooling to 35-42 ℃ after boiling, adding pullulanase for hydrolysis for 11-13h, adding absolute ethyl alcohol after hydrolysis is completed to separate out the starch hydrolysate, and mixing the starch hydrolysate with deionized water after centrifugal drying to obtain the starch hydrolysate solution.

2. The cultivation method for improving the weak light resistance of cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the corn starch to the acetic acid buffer solution is 1;

the pH value of the acetic acid buffer solution is 6.2-6.5;

the mass ratio of the pullulanase to the corn starch is 4.5-5.5;

the enzymatic activity of the pullulanase is 70-80U/g;

the mass ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the acetic acid buffer solution is 0.8-1.2;

the mass ratio of the starch hydrolysate to the deionized water is 1.

3. The cultivation method for improving the weak light resistance of cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps:

mixing chitosan oligosaccharide with deionized water, adding 1-ethyl- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, controlling the stirring speed to be 700-900r/min, stirring for 25-40min, adding glutathione after stirring, adjusting the temperature to be 14-16 ℃, controlling the stirring speed to be 110-150r/min, stirring for 60-80min, and rotationally evaporating to dryness after stirring to obtain a glutathione chitosan oligosaccharide mixture;

the mass ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide to the deionized water is 1;

the mass ratio of the 1-ethyl- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride to the chitosan oligosaccharide is 1.8-2.2;

the mass ratio of the glutathione to the chitosan oligosaccharide is 2.5-3.5.

4. The cultivation method for improving the weak light resistance of cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps:

the method for mixing and freeze-drying comprises the steps of mixing a glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide mixture with a starch hydrolysate solution, adding L-ascorbic acid and zinc sulfate heptahydrate, controlling the stirring speed to be 900-1200r/min, stirring for 80-100min, freeze-drying after stirring is finished, and freeze-drying until the water content is 5.0-6.0wt% to obtain the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide compound exogenous preparation;

the mass ratio of the glutathione-chitosan oligosaccharide mixture to the starch hydrolysate solution to the L-ascorbic acid to the zinc sulfate heptahydrate is (8-12).