CN114700466A - Synchronous heating casting method of alloy casting and alloy casting - Google Patents
Synchronous heating casting method of alloy casting and alloy casting Download PDFInfo
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- CN114700466A CN114700466A CN202210404428.7A CN202210404428A CN114700466A CN 114700466 A CN114700466 A CN 114700466A CN 202210404428 A CN202210404428 A CN 202210404428A CN 114700466 A CN114700466 A CN 114700466A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/12—Treating moulds or cores, e.g. drying, hardening
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16S—CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS IN GENERAL; STRUCTURES BUILT-UP FROM SUCH ELEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- F16S1/00—Sheets, panels, or other members of similar proportions; Constructions comprising assemblies of such members
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16S—CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS IN GENERAL; STRUCTURES BUILT-UP FROM SUCH ELEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- F16S3/00—Elongated members, e.g. profiled members; Assemblies thereof; Gratings or grilles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of casting, in particular to a synchronous heating casting method of an alloy casting and the alloy casting. The casting method comprises the following steps: (A) placing the preheated formwork in a pouring hearth, wherein a heating system is arranged in the pouring hearth and used for heating the formwork; (B) in the pouring hearth, after preheated magnesia is filled outside the heating system, the formwork is heated; (C) when the temperature of the mold shell reaches a preset temperature, pouring an alloy melt into the mold shell; (D) stopping heating when the temperature of the mold shell is reduced to 10-30 ℃ below the solidus temperature of the alloy; (E) and when the temperature of the formwork is reduced to be below 500 ℃, taking out the formwork. The method realizes simultaneous heating of the mold shell and casting and solidification of the melt, and improves the melt fluidity and the mold filling capacity of the alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of casting, in particular to a synchronous heating casting method of an alloy casting and the alloy casting.
Background
Low pressure turbine blades are an important rotating part of an aircraft engine and are typically manufactured using an investment precision casting process. The structure of the part is characterized in that the wall thickness of the blade body is small (the center is about 3-5 mm thickest), the wall thickness of the air inlet and outlet side is thin (the thinnest is about 0.5-0.8 mm), and the ratio of the length of the blade to the thickness of the blade is up to 100: 1. the tenon is thick and the blade body is thin. Obviously, these structural features all present significant difficulties in the cast formation and metallurgical quality of the low pressure turbine blades. Meanwhile, with the urgent demand of advanced aero-engines for weight reduction of structures, some novel lightweight high-temperature structural materials such as titanium aluminum alloy have been regarded as ideal substitute materials for low-pressure turbine blades. However, compared with the traditional nickel-based high-temperature alloy material, the novel light titanium-aluminum alloy material has low density and poorer melt fluidity under the action of static pressure head, and the material characteristics further increase the difficulty of casting and molding the low-pressure turbine blade. Therefore, the precision casting molding of the low-pressure turbine blade by adopting the light titanium-aluminum alloy material is extremely difficult.
The casting temperature (melt temperature) or the preheating temperature of a mold shell is generally increased, so that the precision casting forming capability of the titanium-aluminum alloy low-pressure turbine blade can be improved. However, for increasing the melt temperature, because the titanium-aluminum alloy melt is relatively active, if the melt temperature is higher, the reaction between the melt and the yttria refractory mold shell is aggravated, so that the reaction layer on the surface of the blade casting is too thick and even subcutaneous air holes appear, and the melt temperature cannot be increased without limit; for increasing the preheating temperature of the mold shell, the yttrium oxide refractory material adopted by the titanium-aluminum alloy can resist the temperature of 1200 ℃, and if the preheating temperature of the mold shell is increased, the reaction of the melt and the refractory material is also increased.
At present, the casting method of the titanium-aluminum alloy low-pressure turbine blade comprises an inclined pouring method, wherein a crucible and a mould shell are connected into a whole, and then the molten high-temperature melt is quickly poured into the mould shell through turning over the mould shell, so that a funnel link is omitted, the melt entering the mould shell keeps a higher temperature, and the melt filling capacity is improved.
In addition, the addition of an external force field (such as centrifugal casting or antigravity casting) can significantly improve the mold filling capacity of the melt, and is beneficial to improving the precision casting forming capacity of the titanium-aluminum alloy low-pressure turbine blade. The method is characterized in that the Procast finite element calculation is adopted to carry out the precision casting molding of the low-pressure turbine blade by adopting a centrifugal casting process, but the phenomenon that the turbulence degree of a melt is increased by an external force field is found, so that the rolled air hole defect is generated in the blade.
In addition to the above method, a top pouring gating system can also be used for precision casting of the titanium-aluminum alloy low-pressure turbine blade. In conclusion, the titanium-aluminum alloy is adopted to precisely cast the low-pressure turbine blade, and although various casting methods are proposed, the casting yield of the blade is not high. For this reason, further development of a casting molding process suitable for a titanium aluminum alloy low-pressure turbine blade is required.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a synchronous heating casting method of alloy castings, which completely or partially solves the problems of poor melt fluidity, poor mold filling capability, difficult casting and the like of the alloy in the prior art, and improves the casting qualification rate of the alloy castings, in particular to sheet alloy castings and/or rod-shaped alloy castings, such as low-pressure turbine blades and the like.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide an alloy casting, which adopts the casting method of the alloy casting to make the obtained alloy casting, especially the slender sheet alloy casting and/or the rod-shaped casting, complete in forming and excellent in quality.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
the invention provides a synchronous heating casting method of an alloy casting, which comprises the following steps:
(A) placing the preheated formwork in a pouring hearth, wherein a heating system is arranged in the pouring hearth and used for heating the formwork;
(B) in the pouring hearth, after preheated magnesia is filled outside the heating system, the formwork is heated;
(C) when the temperature of the mold shell reaches a preset temperature, pouring an alloy melt into the mold shell;
(D) stopping heating when the temperature of the formwork is reduced to 10-30 ℃ below the solidus temperature of the alloy;
(E) and when the temperature of the formwork is reduced below 500 ℃, taking out the formwork.
The invention also provides an alloy casting which is cast by the casting method of the alloy casting.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the casting method of the alloy casting, continuous heating before casting and synchronous heating in the casting process are carried out on the preheated mold shell, so that the mold shell is heated and solidified with melt casting, the temperature of the mold shell is further increased, the fluidity of the alloy melt is ensured, and the mold filling capacity of the alloy melt is improved; meanwhile, the temperature of the formwork is monitored through synchronous temperature measurement, and accurate control of precision casting forming is facilitated.
Compared with the traditional method for heating the mold shell outside the pouring furnace, the method for casting the alloy casting improves the temperature of the mold shell, delays the solidification time of the alloy melt, increases the fluidity of the alloy melt, and is beneficial to mold filling of the alloy melt; the casting qualification rate of the alloy casting is improved.
The casting method of the alloy casting can be used for preparing slender sheet alloy castings and/or rod alloy castings, and is particularly suitable for preparing blades which are difficult to form, such as low-pressure turbine blades and the like which are cast by titanium-aluminum alloy.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic casting diagram of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic casting diagram of comparative example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the temperature of the pre-casting forms of example 1 and comparative example 1 of the present invention versus time.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the temperature of the mold shell after casting versus time for example 1 of the present invention and comparative example 1.
Reference numerals:
1-a mould shell; 2-a heating device; 3-a sand box; 4-a temperature measuring device; 5-magnesite.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following described embodiments are some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention, and are only used for illustrating the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The following provides a detailed description of a casting method of an alloy casting and an alloy casting according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a synchronous heating casting method of an alloy casting, comprising the steps of:
(A) placing the preheated formwork 1 in a pouring hearth, wherein a heating system is arranged in the pouring hearth and used for heating the formwork 1;
(B) in the pouring hearth, after preheated magnesia 5 is filled outside the heating system, the formwork 1 is heated;
(C) when the temperature of the mold shell 1 reaches a preset temperature, pouring the alloy melt into the mold shell 1;
(D) stopping heating when the temperature of the mold shell 1 is reduced to 10-30 ℃ below the solidus temperature of the alloy;
(E) when the temperature of the mould shell 1 is reduced to below 500 ℃, the mould shell 1 is taken out.
According to the synchronous heating casting method of the alloy casting, provided by the invention, in the process of casting, solidifying and molding the alloy melt, the melt and the mold shell 1 are heated rapidly and synchronously with high power, namely, the preheated mold shell 1 is heated before and in the casting process, so that the mold shell heating and the melt casting and solidifying are carried out simultaneously, the temperature of the mold shell 1 is further increased, the fluidity of the alloy melt is favorably improved, the mold filling capacity of the alloy melt is improved, and the solidification time of the alloy melt is delayed; compared with the traditional method for heating the formwork 1 outside the pouring furnace, the method improves the casting qualification rate of the alloy casting.
The synchronous heating casting method of the alloy casting is suitable for casting molding of various castings, and more importantly, the casting method of the alloy casting is suitable for slender sheet alloy castings and rod-shaped alloy castings, so that the prepared castings are molded completely; the problem of the shaping difficulty that elongated flakiness alloy casting and shaft-like alloy casting brought because of specific structural feature such as length-thickness ratio is great is solved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the heating system comprises a heating device 2, the heating device 2 comprising an electromagnetic induction heating device and/or a resistive heating device.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the power of the heating device 2 is 4-10 KW; typically, but not limitatively, the power of the heating means 2 is, for example, 4KW, 5KW, 6KW, 7KW, 8KW, 9KW or 10KW or the like.
The power of the heating device is not strictly limited, and can be adjusted according to the type of the alloy. The high-power heating device 2 can shorten the continuous heating time of the mould shell 1 in the vacuum melting and pouring furnace, and is beneficial to the heat preservation of the mould shell 1 in the pouring process, thereby improving the filling capacity of the fusant with poor fluidity.
In some embodiments of the invention, when an electromagnetic induction heating device and/or a resistance heating device is used for heating, the density ratio of the coils and/or the resistance wires arranged outside the formwork 1 corresponding to the under-poured and/or cold-shut positions of the alloy casting to the coils and/or the resistance wires arranged at other parts outside the formwork 1 is 1.2-2: 1; typically, but not by way of limitation, for example, the density ratio is 1.2: 1. 1.3: 1. 1.4: 1. 1.5: 1. 1.6: 1. 1.7: 1. 1.8: 1. 1.9: 1 or 2: 1, etc.; preferably, the density ratio is 1.5: 1. the density ratio of the coil and/or the resistance wire is that the ratio of the length of the part with the resistance wire to the length of the part without the resistance wire in the length direction of the heating system is the density of the resistance wire.
The other parts outside the mould shell 1 are the mould shell 1 part except the mould shell 1 corresponding to the under-cast and/or cold shut position of the alloy casting and the rest parts.
And a higher-density induction coil or resistance wire is wound at the position of the formwork 1 corresponding to the position of the alloy casting with the under-pouring or cold shut, so that the position can be further heated, and the risks of the under-pouring and cold shut at the position can be reduced or eliminated.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the location of under-cast and/or cold shut of the alloy casting is identified based on experience and/or Procast finite element calculations to derive the gating system and the gating process for the casting.
Procast is casting simulation software using a Finite Element Method (FEM), and can be used for simulating pouring, solidification, stress and microstructure, reproducing the design scheme of a technologist on a computer and helping to judge the performability of the technologist.
In some embodiments of the invention, the heating system further comprises a temperature measuring device 4, the temperature measuring device 4 being adapted to measure a real-time temperature of the formwork 1.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the temperature measuring device 4 comprises a thermocouple temperature measuring device.
In the casting method of the alloy casting, the temperature of the mould shell 1 is monitored by synchronous temperature measurement, so that guidance can be provided for the accurate control of the pouring process, and the accurate control of the precision casting molding can be realized.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step (A), the preheated shuttering 1 is at a temperature greater than or equal to 800 ℃; preferably, in the step (A), the temperature of the preheated mold shell 1 is 1000-1100 ℃.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step (B), the temperature of the preheated magnesite 5 is more than or equal to 800 ℃; preferably, in the step (B), the temperature of the preheated magnesite 5 is 1000-1100 ℃.
In some embodiments of the invention, preheating comprises heating the formwork 1 and/or the magnesite 5; preferably, the heating temperature is more than or equal to 800 ℃, and the heating time is more than or equal to 2 h; more preferably, the heating temperature is 800-1100 ℃.
In some embodiments of the invention, preheating comprises heating the formwork 1 and/or the magnesite 5 in a muffle furnace.
The preheating treatment is carried out on the mould shell 1 and/or the magnesia 5, so that the heating time of the mould shell 1 in a hearth of a vacuum melting pouring furnace can be shortened, and the pouring efficiency is improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step (C), the predetermined temperature is greater than or equal to 1000 ℃; preferably, the preset temperature is 1000-1200 ℃; typically but not limitatively, for example, the preset temperature is 1000 ℃, 1050 ℃, 1100 ℃, 1150 ℃ or 1200 ℃ or the like; more preferably, the preset temperature is 1000-1120 ℃.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step (D), heating is stopped when the temperature of the mold shell 1 drops below the solidus of the alloy by 10-30 ℃, at which time the melt has completely solidified without further heating.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the material of the alloy casting includes at least one of a titanium-aluminum-based intermetallic alloy, a niobium-silicon-based intermetallic alloy, a nickel-aluminum-based intermetallic alloy, and a high-alloyed nickel-based superalloy.
In some embodiments of the invention, the material of the alloy casting comprises a titanium-aluminum based intermetallic alloy.
The titanium-aluminum alloy (also called titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound) is a novel light high-temperature structural material, has the density of only about 50 percent of that of the nickel-based alloy, and has the advantages of light weight, high specific strength, wear resistance, high temperature resistance, excellent oxidation resistance and the like. However, titanium-aluminum alloys have low room temperature plasticity, poor melt fluidity, poor formability, large shrinkage, and difficulty in cast forming.
In some embodiments of the present invention, when the material of the alloy casting is a titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound alloy, the step (C) is to set the preset temperature to 1000 to 1120 ℃; and/or, in step (D), the alloy has a solidus temperature of 1520 ℃.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step (B), the fill height of the magnesite 5 is less than the height of the pouring cup of the formwork 1.
The preheated magnesite 5 is filled outside the heating device 2, which is beneficial to the heat preservation of the whole mould shell 1 and improves the heat efficiency.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a method of simultaneous heating casting of an alloy casting, further comprises: and vacuumizing the casting hearth, and smelting the alloy to be cast when the vacuum degree in the casting hearth reaches a preset vacuum degree to obtain an alloy melt.
In some embodiments of the invention, the alloy to be cast is melted when the vacuum in the casting hearth is < 3 Pa.
In some embodiments of the invention, formwork 1 is an investment formwork; preparing a material for manufacturing the formwork, and obtaining the formwork 1 through manufacturing a wax mould, assembling the mould, coating, sanding, dewaxing and roasting.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the casting furnace used in the casting process includes a vacuum melting casting furnace, a hearth of the vacuum melting casting furnace is used for accommodating the mold shell 1 for casting; a sand box 3 is arranged in a hearth of the vacuum melting and pouring furnace, a heating device 2 and a temperature measuring device 4 are arranged in the sand box 3, the heating device 2 is used for heating the formwork 1, and the temperature measuring device 4 is used for monitoring the real-time temperature of the formwork 1.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the preheated formwork 1 is installed in the heating device 2 in the vacuum melting and pouring furnace, the temperature measuring device 4 is installed outside the formwork 1, the circuits of the heating device 2 and the temperature measuring device 4 are connected, and all the circuits and the temperature measuring device 4 should be insulated and thermally insulated to avoid the high temperature of the formwork 1 and the magnesia 5 from damaging the circuit system. Then, preheated magnesite 5 is filled in the outside of the heating system, and the door is closed. And starting a vacuum system to vacuumize the casting hearth, and simultaneously starting a synchronous heating system to heat the mold shell. The time from preheating completion of the formwork 1 to closing of a furnace door of the vacuum melting and pouring furnace is less than or equal to 5 min; the time from the vacuum pumping treatment to the pouring is less than or equal to 7 min.
In some embodiments of the invention, the temperature measuring device 4 is installed outside the formwork 1, and the installation location is usually a location where the casting is not easy to form, and the temperature of the location is monitored to know the casting pouring quality instantly.
The invention also provides an alloy casting which is prepared by casting according to the casting method of the alloy casting.
In some embodiments of the invention, the alloy casting comprises a sheet alloy casting and/or a rod casting; preferably, the ratio of the length to the thickness of the alloy casting is 100-500: 1; more preferably, the alloy casting is a low pressure turbine blade.
The low-pressure turbine blade is an important rotating part of an aeroengine, and the structure of the part is characterized in that the blade body wall thickness is small (the maximum thickness of the center is about 3-5 mm), the air inlet and exhaust side wall is thin (the minimum thickness is about 0.5-0.8 mm), the tenon is thick, and the blade body wall is thin. The combination of the structure of the blade shows that the length-thickness ratio of the total length of the blade to the integral wall thickness of the blade body is more than 70, and if the wall thickness of the exhaust edge is used for calculation, the length-thickness ratio reaches more than 400. From the casting perspective, the control of the metallurgical quality of the blade is extremely difficult due to the difficulty in forming the temperature gradient and feeding structure required for sequential solidification. Meanwhile, considering that the melt fluidity of the TiAl alloy is lower than that of the traditional titanium alloy by more than one order of magnitude, the casting of the thin plate-shaped component with the extremely large length-thickness ratio is carried out by adopting the alloy with poor melt fluidity, and the precision casting molding difficulty of the blade is extremely high.
The casting method of the titanium-aluminum alloy is beneficial to improving the precision casting forming capability of the titanium-aluminum alloy low-pressure turbine blade, and solves the problems of high precision casting forming difficulty, low blade casting qualification rate and the like of the low-pressure turbine blade by adopting the titanium-aluminum alloy.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
TiAl alloy (Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy) is adopted to carry out precision casting of 6-grade low-pressure turbine blades of certain aeroengines by a gravity casting scheme.
The total length of the 6-stage low-pressure turbine blade (including a tenon and a tip shroud) of the aeroengine is about 220mm, and the length of a blade body part is about 170 mm. The whole thickness of blade body middle part is about 3mm, and the air inlet edge is relatively thicker, but the exhaust edge is thinner, and minimum thickness is about 0.5mm, and in the whole length direction of blade body, the wall thickness is the same basically on each cross-section of blade, promptly blade body does not have the tapering in length direction. Except the blade body, the section thickness of the tenon tooth part of the blade is about 20mm, and the wall thickness of the flange plate and the crown tooth of the blade crown part is about 3 mm. The combination of the structure of the blade shows that the length-thickness ratio of the total length of the blade of 220mm to the integral wall thickness of the blade body of 3mm reaches 73: 1, if the wall thickness of the exhaust edge is used for checking, the length-thickness ratio is about 400-450: 1.
the synchronous casting methods of the titanium-aluminum alloy castings provided by the following embodiments are all the casting methods for preparing 6-grade low-pressure turbine blades of the aero-engine by using the Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy, wherein the mold shell 1 is an investment mold shell of the low-pressure turbine blades.
Example 1
The synchronous heating casting method of the titanium-aluminum alloy casting provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps of:
(A) placing the preheated formwork 1 with the temperature of 1050 ℃ in a heating device 2, and installing a temperature measuring device 4 outside the formwork 1; wherein the heating device 2 is used for heating by resistance, the power is 5KW, the density of the resistance wire is 1.0, and the resistance wire is positioned in a sand box 3 in a hearth of the vacuum melting and pouring furnace; the temperature measuring device 4 is a thermocouple temperature measuring device. (the density of the resistance wire is the ratio of the length of the portion having the resistance wire to the length of the portion having no resistance wire in the longitudinal direction of the heating apparatus)
(B) In the sand box 3, magnesia 5 with the temperature of 1050 ℃ after preheating is filled at the outer side of the heating device 2, and then a furnace door of the vacuum melting and pouring furnace is closed; and starting a vacuum system, a heating device 2 and a temperature measuring device 4, vacuumizing a hearth of the vacuum melting and pouring furnace, heating the formwork 1, and monitoring the temperature of the formwork 1 in real time.
The time from the preheating end of the formwork 1 to the closing of the furnace door of the vacuum melting and pouring furnace is 3 min.
When the vacuum degree in the hearth of the vacuum melting and pouring furnace reaches less than 3.0Pa, titanium-aluminum alloy melting is started.
(C) Closing a furnace door of the vacuum melting and pouring furnace, and starting vacuumizing for 7min before pouring; when the temperature of the mold shell 1 measured by the thermocouple temperature measuring device reaches 1100 ℃, the titanium-aluminum alloy melt is poured into the mold shell 1.
(D) When the temperature of the formwork 1 measured by the thermocouple temperature measuring device is reduced to 1490 ℃ (30 s after casting is finished), the heating is stopped;
(E) when the temperature of the formwork 1 measured by the thermocouple temperature measuring device is reduced to 500 ℃ (40 min after casting is completed), the heating device 2 and the temperature measuring device 4 are disassembled, and the formwork 1 is taken out.
Most of the exhaust edges of the blades of the titanium-aluminum alloy castings (6-grade low-pressure turbine blades of the aero-engine) prepared by the embodiment are completely filled, only one under-cast fillet is formed, and the under-cast depth is about 3mm and the width is about 8mm in the length direction of the blades.
The casting of this example is schematically illustrated in FIG. 1.
Example 2
The synchronous heating casting method of the titanium-aluminum alloy casting provided by the embodiment refers to embodiment 1, and is different in that the density of the resistance wire outside the mold shell 1 (within a range of 20mm in the length direction of the fillet part) corresponding to the part of the titanium-aluminum alloy casting with the under-cast fillet in embodiment 1 is increased to 1.5, the density of the resistance wire at the rest part is 1.0, and the power of the heating device 2 is 5.25 KW.
The blade of the titanium-aluminum alloy casting (6-grade low-pressure turbine blade of an aircraft engine) prepared by the embodiment is completely formed, and the phenomenon of understeer is not caused.
Comparative example 1
The casting method of the titanium-aluminum alloy casting provided by the comparative example comprises the following steps:
(A) the preheated mould shell 1 with the temperature of 1050 ℃ is placed in a sand box 3 in a hearth of a vacuum melting and pouring furnace, and a temperature measuring device 4 is arranged outside the mould shell 1.
(B) In the sand box 3, magnesia 5 with the temperature of 1050 ℃ after preheating is filled at the outer side of the mould shell 1, and then a furnace door of the vacuum melting casting furnace is closed; and starting a vacuum system and a temperature measuring device 4, vacuumizing a hearth of the vacuum melting and pouring furnace, and monitoring the temperature of the formwork 1 in real time.
The time from the preheating end of the formwork 1 to the closing of the furnace door of the vacuum melting and pouring furnace is 3 min.
When the vacuum degree in the hearth of the vacuum melting and pouring furnace is less than 3Pa, the titanium-aluminum alloy is melted.
(C) Closing a furnace door of the vacuum melting and pouring furnace, starting vacuumizing for 7min until the melting is finished, measuring the temperature of the formwork 1 by a thermocouple at the moment, and pouring the titanium-aluminum alloy melt into the formwork 1;
(E) when the temperature of the formwork 1 measured by the thermocouple temperature measuring device is reduced to 500 ℃ (40 min after casting is finished), the temperature measuring device 4 is disassembled, and the formwork 1 is taken out.
The casting schematic of this comparative example is shown in fig. 1.
The incomplete filling phenomenon appears at a plurality of positions of the blade of the titanium-aluminum alloy casting (6-grade low-pressure turbine blade of the aero-engine) prepared by the comparative example.
Test example 1
In the embodiment 1 and the comparative example 1, the temperature of the formwork is monitored in real time by the thermocouple temperature measuring device, and a relation curve of the temperature and the time is obtained.
The temperature of the mold shells of example 1 and comparative example 1 30min before casting was measured by a thermocouple temperature measuring device.
Example 1 the formwork temperature 30min before casting was 1058 ℃. Comparative example 1 the mold shell temperature 30min before casting was 783 ℃; the difference between the two was 275 ℃.
The temperature-time dependence of example 1 and comparative example 1 before casting was measured by a thermocouple temperature measuring device, and the results are shown in FIG. 3.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the temperature of the mold shells of example 1 and comparative example 1 was substantially the same when the mold shells were just loaded into the vacuum melting and casting furnace (Time 0); immediately before the titanium-aluminum alloy is melted and poured (Time is 7min), the temperature of the mold shell of the comparative example 1 is reduced to 751 ℃; example 1 the mold shell temperature increased continuously due to the heating system being activated, and reached 1100 ℃. The difference between the form temperatures of example 1 and comparative example 1 is 349 ℃.
The temperature-time dependence of example 1 and comparative example 1 after casting was measured by a thermocouple temperature measuring device, and the results are shown in FIG. 4.
In the embodiment 1 and the comparative example 1, the temperature of the mold shell rises to different degrees after casting, the temperature reaches the maximum value when the temperature is basically 12-18 s, and then the temperature of the mold shell is reduced, and the melt casting is finished. For example 1, since the heating system was not turned off, the time for the temperature to reach the maximum value was delayed by about 5 seconds compared to comparative example 1, which shows that the time for the melt to solidify was delayed and the fluidity of the melt was increased by the casting method of titanium-aluminum alloy casting of the present invention, which is advantageous for the mold filling of thin-walled blades.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The synchronous heating casting method of the alloy casting is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(A) placing the preheated formwork in a pouring hearth, wherein a heating system is arranged in the pouring hearth and used for heating the formwork;
(B) in the pouring hearth, after preheated magnesia is filled outside the heating system, the formwork is heated;
(C) when the temperature of the mold shell reaches a preset temperature, pouring an alloy melt into the mold shell;
(D) stopping heating when the temperature of the formwork is reduced to 10-30 ℃ below the solidus temperature of the alloy;
(E) and when the temperature of the formwork is reduced to be below 500 ℃, taking out the formwork.
2. A method of simultaneous heating and casting of alloy castings according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating system comprises heating means comprising electromagnetic induction heating means and/or electrical resistance heating means.
3. The synchronous heating casting method of the alloy casting according to claim 2, wherein when the electromagnetic induction heating device and/or the resistance heating device is used for heating, the density ratio of coils and/or resistance wires arranged outside a formwork corresponding to the undercast and/or cold shut part of the alloy casting to coils and/or resistance wires arranged at other parts outside the formwork is 1.2-2: 1.
4. a method of simultaneous heating and casting of an alloy casting according to claim 1, wherein the heating system further comprises a temperature measuring device for measuring a real time temperature of the shell;
preferably, the temperature measuring device comprises a thermocouple temperature measuring device.
5. The synchronous heating casting method of an alloy casting according to claim 1, wherein in the step (A), the preheated mold shell temperature is more than or equal to 800 ℃;
and/or in the step (B), the temperature of the preheated magnesia is more than or equal to 800 ℃.
6. The synchronous heating casting method of an alloy casting according to claim 1, wherein in the step (C), the preset temperature is not less than 1000 ℃;
preferably, the preset temperature is 1000-1200 ℃.
7. The synchronous heat casting method of an alloy casting according to claim 1, wherein a material of the alloy casting includes at least one of a titanium-aluminum-based intermetallic compound alloy, a niobium-silicon-based intermetallic compound alloy, a nickel-aluminum-based intermetallic compound alloy, and a high-alloyed nickel-based superalloy.
8. A method of concurrent heating casting of alloy castings according to claim 1, wherein in step (B), the filling height of the magnesite is less than the height of the pouring cup of the formwork;
preferably, the casting method of an alloy casting further comprises: and vacuumizing the casting hearth, and smelting the alloy to be cast when the vacuum degree in the casting hearth reaches a preset vacuum degree to obtain the alloy melt.
9. An alloy casting characterized by being produced by casting according to the casting method for an alloy casting as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. An alloy casting according to claim 9, wherein the alloy casting comprises a sheet alloy casting and/or a rod alloy casting.
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