CN114623454A - Novel incinerator system and incineration method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel incinerator system and an incineration method, and aims to overcome the defects that a traditional vertical incinerator is easy to be seriously corroded, the operation period is short, the operation and maintenance cost is high, and the like. The rotary furnace comprises a furnace body with a furnace chamber arranged inside, wherein a wall body of the furnace body is provided with a feed inlet communicated with the furnace chamber, a stirring device is arranged in the furnace body and comprises a rotary main shaft and a rotary arm, a plurality of oxygen supply pipes are arranged above the rotary arm, oxygen supply holes are formed in the circumferential direction of the oxygen supply pipes, and a plurality of claw rakes are arranged at the lower part of the rotary arm; the oxygen supply pipe structure is designed to supply oxygen in three-dimensional manner, so that the temperature of the whole hearth is uniform, the oxygen supply is uniform, and the temperature of materials is uniform, thereby effectively improving the equipment operation time when handling dangerous waste containing high fluorine and chlorine, greatly prolonging the equipment operation cycle, reducing the operation and maintenance cost, and generating huge economic, social and environmental benefits.

Description

A new type of incinerator system and incineration method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of sludge treatment technology, and more particularly, to a novel incinerator system and an incineration method.

Background technique

At present, the domestic furnace types for incinerating and disposing of high-fluorine and chlorine hazardous solid wastes are: rotary incinerators (rotary kilns), and the content of fluorine and chlorine in the treated hazardous waste materials is controlled at 0.5%; The furnace insulation refractory material is highly corrosive, which will take away the silicon in the silicon-based material, resulting in the refractory material becoming porous and loose; it collapses during the rotary vibration of the furnace body, which seriously affects the service life and increases the operation and maintenance. cost. When the rotary incinerator disposes of 0.5% of fluorine and chlorine hazardous waste, the operation period is short and the maintenance cost is high, which pushes up the disposal cost of this type of hazardous waste. However, although the existing vertical incinerator can incinerate hazardous waste containing fluorine and chlorine, because the position of the oxygen supply port can directly contact the fluorine and chlorine waste, the position of the oxygen outlet of the equipment is prone to serious corrosion, which leads to the operation cycle. Too short, operation and maintenance costs are too high and so on.

Chinese Patent Announcement No. CN110550841A, the announcement date is September 26, 2019. The name of the invention is the flue gas deep denitrification system and method in the sludge drying-incineration system. The application discloses a sludge drying-incineration system. In the middle flue gas deep denitrification system and method, wet sludge and flocculant are added to the sludge drying system, and dry sludge with a moisture content of 50% is obtained after plate and frame pressure filtration; the flocculant includes ferric salt and quicklime, The amount of ferric salt added is between 2-3% wt of the wet sludge, and the amount of quicklime is between 5-6% wt of the wet sludge; 2), the dry sludge enters the sludge incinerator for incineration , the mixed amount of dry sludge is 30%, and NH3 is introduced into the sludge incinerator at the same time, the molar ratio of NH3 and NOx in the dry sludge is 1:1, the sludge incineration temperature is above 850 ℃, and the incineration time is 2.5 s above, thereby obtaining fly ash containing dust; and other steps. In this invention application, denitrification is carried out by feeding ammonia gas into the sludge incinerator. The disadvantage is that the molar ratio of ammonia gas and nitrogen oxide is 1:1, the consumption of ammonia gas is large, and the cost is high.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional vertical incinerator, which is easy to be seriously corroded, has a short operation period, and has high operation and maintenance costs, and provides a new incinerator system and an incineration method, which can effectively improve the disposal content by changing the position of the oxygen supply port The operation time of the equipment during high fluorine and chlorine hazardous waste greatly prolongs the operation period of the equipment, reduces the operation and maintenance cost, and produces huge economic, social and environmental benefits.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a novel incinerator system and incineration method, the furnace body wall is provided with a feeding port that communicates with the furnace cavity, and the furnace body is provided with a stirring device, The stirring device comprises a rotating main shaft and a rotating arm, an oxygen supply pipe is arranged above the rotating arm, and a plurality of claw rakes are arranged at the lower part of the rotating arm.

Preferably, the rotating main shaft is located at the center of the furnace cavity, and the stirring arms are arranged on the side wall of the rotating main shaft at equal distances in the circumferential direction.

Preferably, a discharge port is provided in the lower wall of the furnace cavity close to one side of the rotating main shaft.

Preferably, a vertical oxygen supply pipe is arranged above the top end of the stirring arm, and a connected horizontal oxygen supply pipe is arranged on the vertical maintenance pipe.

Preferably, the thickness of the hearth material layer is: 50-150mm; the temperature of the hearth material layer is: 600-750 ℃, which is mainly maintained by the energy radiation generated by the incineration of the pyrolysis gas in the upper part of the furnace.

Preferably, the height from the lower end of the oxygen supply pipe to the hearth surface is: 300-450 mm; the height of the oxygen pipe is: 150-300 mm.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the incinerator system and the incineration method thereof designed by the present invention can effectively improve the operation time of the equipment when disposing of high-fluorine and chlorine-containing hazardous wastes, and greatly prolong the equipment operation time. It reduces the operation and maintenance cost and produces huge economic, social and environmental benefits.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of novel incinerator system of the present invention and incineration method;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the vertical oxygen supply pipe and the horizontal oxygen supply pipe combination of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a sectional view at "A-A" in Figure 2;

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of airflow after a kind of novel incinerator system of the present invention and incineration method are started;

In the figure: 1. Furnace chamber, 2. Furnace body, 3. Feed inlet, 4. Stirring device, 5. Spindle rotation, 6. Stirring arm, 7a, Vertical oxygen supply pipe, 7b, Horizontal oxygen supply pipe, 8 , Oxygen supply hole, 9, Claw rake, 10, Discharge port, 11, Material, 12, Oxygen flow direction of tuyere.

Detailed ways

It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the singular forms "a", "an", "the", "above" and "the" as used herein can also include the plural forms unless expressly stated otherwise. It should be further understood that the word "comprising" used in the description of the present invention refers to the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, units, modules and/or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, units, modules, components and/or groups thereof. It will be understood that when we refer to an element as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Furthermore, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein may include wirelessly connected or wirelessly coupled. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes all or any element and all combination of one or more of the associated listed items.

Below by specific embodiment, and in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the technical scheme of the present invention is further described in detail:

Embodiment 1: a novel incinerator system and incineration method, comprising a furnace body 2 with a furnace cavity 1 inside, and a feed port 3 communicating with the furnace cavity 1 is provided on the wall of the furnace body 2, and the The furnace body 2 is provided with a stirring device 4. The stirring device 4 includes a rotating main shaft 5 and a stirring arm 6 arranged on the rotating main shaft. A vertical oxygen supply pipe 7a7a is arranged above the stirring arm 6. The vertical oxygen supply pipe 7a is provided with a connected horizontal oxygen supply pipe 7b, the vertical oxygen supply pipe 7a is provided with an oxygen supply hole 8 in the circumferential direction, and the lower part of the stirring arm 6 is provided with a plurality of claw rakes 9. The rotating main shaft 5 is located at the center of the furnace cavity 1 , and the stirring arms 6 are arranged on the side wall of the rotating main shaft 5 at equal distances in the circumferential direction. A discharge port 10 is provided in the lower wall of the furnace cavity 1 on one side of the rotating main shaft. The design of the oxygen supply pipe structure in the present invention can make the entire furnace temperature uniform, oxygen supply uniform, and material temperature uniform by performing three-dimensional oxygen supply, and then solve the following problems caused by the traditional incinerator system: 1. By the oxygen supply port Blow directly on the material, resulting in uneven oxygen supply to the material; 2. For materials with sufficient oxygen supply, the incineration temperature is high, and the ash and surrounding materials are melted. For materials with insufficient oxygen supply, the incineration is insufficient, and the ash and surrounding materials The temperature is low and not melted; 3. The materials in the whole hearth are partially overheated, hardened, and the rotating equipment is severely corroded. The equipment can only run for about 15 days, with poor economic benefits and high operation and maintenance costs; 4. Materials in places with insufficient oxygen supply It is still solid particles or lumps, not reaching the melting point, where the oxygen supply is sufficient, the material is fully burned, the temperature is high, the fluorine and chlorine are fully released, the slag is melted, and the molten ash is mixed and solidified with materials with insufficient oxygen supply or insufficient incineration Hardening, the rotating mechanism is stuck; 5. The released fluorine and chlorine, in the case of high temperature, have sufficient oxygen, which seriously corrodes the equipment; 6. The metal equipment and refractory materials are corroded. The temperature of the material in the high temperature area with local overheating can reach 950-1100℃; the temperature of the material in the area with insufficient oxygen supply is 500-700℃. Therefore, the operation time of the equipment when disposing of high-fluorine and chlorine-containing hazardous wastes is effectively increased, the operation period of the equipment is greatly prolonged, the operation and maintenance costs are reduced, and huge economic, social and environmental benefits are generated.

A kind of incineration method that can carry out high-risk waste incineration by the high-risk waste incinerator system of the present invention, the implementation steps:

S1: The material is sent to the incineration area that is rotated and stirred with the vertical direction as the axis, and the material enters from the edge of the incineration area, and the heating temperature of the material rises;

S2: After the material is heated and cracked, a carbon compound is formed, and the rotating arm is driven to rotate by driving the rotating main shaft, so that the material advances in a spiral shape toward the center of the incineration area during the incineration process;

S3: Under the rotating action of the rotating arm, the claw rake is driven to stir and rotate, so that the surface of the material is constantly updated, so that the organic matter of the material on the surface of the furnace bottom is continuously decomposed by heat;

S4: The pyrolysis gas of the main incineration material, and the remaining carbides after the pyrolysis of some materials is incinerated; the overall temperature of the material is 750-850 ° C, the organic matter is fully pyrolyzed and volatilized, and incinerated in the upper part of the furnace;

S5: After the material is completely incinerated, the ash and slag advance in a spiral shape to the center of the incineration area to be discharged for recycling.

The whole process is completed by the power provided by the claw rake set on the stirring arm and the combustion-supporting air provided by the oxygen supply hole on the oxygen supply pipe. To move to the center of the circle, it needs to pass through four areas, each of which is basically distributed in a circular ring, namely "drying area", "pyrolysis area", "pyrolysis carbon combustion area", "ash cooling area" . The material 12 refers to high-risk waste containing low calorific value, high fluorine and high chlorine. When the ash and slag of the high-risk waste with low calorific value, high fluorine and high chlorine is completely incinerated, when it moves to the center of the incineration area, it exchanges heat with the incoming air, so that the temperature of the ash and slag is lowered and the temperature of the incoming air is raised. . Oxygen flows out to the surrounding through the oxygen supply holes, and then under the rotation of the stirring arm, three-dimensional oxygen supply is carried out, so that the oxygen is evenly filled in the entire furnace cavity, and the direction of the tuyere is in the direction of the gas flow (as shown in Figure 2-4), where , the oxygen from the tuyere flowing out of the oxygen supply hole flows to the direction 12 . The temperature of the material is uniform, pyrolyzed first and then incinerated, and the incineration gas is the main gas; the material will not be hardened, and an ash protective layer is formed on the surface of the rotating components in the furnace, which greatly reduces the corrosion of the equipment, prolongs the service life of the equipment, and makes the incineration flame. The sufficient disturbance is in a state of turbulent flow, so that the temperature of the entire furnace is uniform, the oxygen supply is uniform, and the material temperature is uniform; the horizontal oxygen supply holes are arranged on the horizontal oxygen supply pipe 7b, and the outflow direction of the oxygen supply holes is opposite to the rotation direction, resulting in a swirl increase. The pressure effect makes the oxygen on the surface of the furnace bottom material sufficient, and the combustion airflow with the "typhoon eye" in the middle is formed in the furnace cavity.

The thickness of the hearth material layer is: 50-150mm; the temperature of the hearth material layer is: 600-750 ℃, which is mainly maintained by the energy radiation generated by the incineration of the pyrolysis gas in the upper part of the furnace; the height from the lower end of the oxygen supply pipe to the hearth surface is: 300-450 mm; the height of the oxygen tube is: 150-300 mm; the temperature in the upper part of the hearth is: 850-1000 ℃.

Construction and operation of a high-hazard waste incinerator system:

The sludge incinerator system is a "circular cylindrical" one-stage "fixed bed incinerator". A "stirring device" is installed in the furnace. During the operation of the equipment, while the "stirring device" performs a horizontal circular rotation, air is blown out from the hollow porous tube on the stirring arm. In addition, along the tangential direction of the furnace wall, a swirling air inlet is provided, so that the combustion flame in the furnace forms a state of revolving backflow flame. Under the action of the diversion concentrator (neutralization cavity), the combustion flame swirl is more Rules, the temperature is more uniform and stable, and the incineration is more complete and thorough.

The rotating and refluxing combustion flame, coupled with the effect of the stirring device, keeps the temperature in the furnace uniform and stable; coupled with the circumferential furnace wall, the conical furnace wall, the diversion concentrator and the furnace cavity, it has an all-round effect on the incinerated objects. Strong thermal radiation and convection heat transfer; make the material burn fully and the ash and slag slag reduction rate is low. Thereby, the combustion capacity and energy saving are further improved. In addition, because there is no local overheating, there is no long-term accumulation and stagnation of materials, so the phenomenon of ash and slag agglomeration and furnace extinguishing will not occur.

As shown in Figure 1, the main structural components of the sludge incinerator system are as follows: 1. "furnace body" composed of refractory materials; 2. "heartbed" composed of refractory materials, with a material layer thickness of about 150-200mm; 3. , "Direction concentrator (neutralization cavity)", which is composed of refractory heat storage material, arranged in a spiral shape in the furnace cavity, rotated from the edge of the furnace to the center, and finally connected to the exhaust port of the incinerator; 4. Stirring The arm is a stirring device that evenly stirs the incinerated objects and incineration ash while providing combustion-supporting air, provides the power for stirring and traveling for the solid phase, and provides combustion-supporting air (here, the combustion-supporting air mainly has two functions: providing materials Oxygen required for combustion and ash produced after cooling combustion), the stirring arms are usually arranged in an even number (such as: 4, 6, 8...); 5. The rotating spindle is controlled by the power device, which is the stirring spindle Provide total rotating power, including gears, chains, power motors, etc.; 6. "Swirl air inlet", connected to the air pipe, to provide rotating power air for the incinerator; 7. "Auxiliary burner", to provide auxiliary heat for the stable operation of the system ; The fuel of the burner can be gas or oil; the number of burners is generally determined by the processing capacity of the system, usually in pairs (such as 2, 4, 6, 8...). The combustion head of the auxiliary burner is set along the tangential direction of the furnace wall, and the tangential angle to the furnace wall is 0-30°. At the same time, the combustion head is slightly inclined downward, and the angle to the horizontal plane is 0-15°; 8. The ash discharge port is used for the ash discharge of the sludge incinerator, and is connected to the slag discharge pipeline, the slag leakage retaining ring, and the leakage slag collection pipeline; 9. The stirring main shaft, which is a hollow shaft, provides power for the stirring device and Combustion-supporting air; 10. Swirl air duct, the type of air duct can be various, it can be square, circular, semi-circular, oval, etc., and the setting method can be outside the furnace body (as shown in Figure 1) or embedded in the furnace body Inside the wall; the air duct and the incinerator wall are provided with a tangential air intake pipe (as shown in Figure 2), the tangential angle between the air intake pipe and the furnace wall is in the range of 0-30°, and the air intake pipe should be slightly inclined upwards, and the horizontal plane The formed inclination angle ranges from 0 to 15°; 11. The hearth base, which is made of heat-resistant material, carries the hearth and the furnace body; 12. The base, which is arranged horizontally, is made of heat-resistant material and carries the hearth base , The hearth and the furnace body, and the positioning bearing seat of the stirring spindle is arranged on the base; 13. The support column provides bearing and support for the system; 14. The hollow tube and the copying plate are set at the front end of the stirring arm, and the stirring arm At 90°, it is assembled with the stirring arm, which is easy to disassemble and maintain; the bottom of the hollow tube is welded with a sludge copying plate, and the bottom of the hollow tube is provided with a horizontal "one"-shaped air outlet. The arm rotates in the opposite direction. 15. The hollow porous tube is arranged between the front end of the stirring arm and the stirring main shaft, at 90° to the stirring arm, and is assembled with the stirring arm, which is convenient for disassembly and maintenance; the oxygen supply tube is a hollow porous tube, and the hollow porous tube is self-assembled. There are several rows of circumferentially arranged gas outlet structures from top to bottom, and the circumferentially arranged gas outlet structures are composed of a number of circumferentially equidistantly distributed oxygen outlet structures.

The number of air outlet holes can be set according to the specific needs of air supply; the number of air outlet holes on different hollow porous tubes connected to the stirring arm is also different.

Example 2

In this embodiment, the oxygen supply structure is replaced on the basis of the specific embodiment 1. A vertical oxygen supply pipe is arranged above the top end of the stirring arm, and a connected horizontal oxygen supply pipe is arranged on the vertical maintenance pipe.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred solutions of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention in any form. There are other variations and modifications under the premise of not exceeding the technical solutions recorded in the claims.

Claims (9)

1. a novel incinerator system, comprising a furnace body with a furnace cavity, it is characterized in that, described furnace body wall is provided with the feed port that communicates with furnace cavity, and described furnace body is provided with stirring device, so The stirring device comprises a rotating main shaft and a stirring arm arranged on the rotating main shaft, a vertical oxygen supply pipe is arranged above the top end of the stirring arm, and a connected horizontal oxygen supply pipe is arranged on the vertical maintenance pipe. The vertical oxygen supply pipe is provided with oxygen supply holes in the circumferential direction, and the lower part of the stirring arm is provided with a plurality of claw rakes. 2 . The novel incinerator system according to claim 1 , wherein the rotating main shaft is located at the center of the furnace cavity, and the stirring arms are arranged on the side walls of the rotating main shaft at equal distances in the circumferential direction. 3 . . 3 . The novel incinerator system according to claim 1 , wherein a discharge port is provided in the lower wall of the furnace cavity on one side of the rotating main shaft. 4 . 4. a kind of incineration method that can carry out high-risk waste incineration by a kind of novel incinerator system described in claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, S1: The material is sent to the incineration area that is rotated and stirred with the vertical direction as the axis, and the material enters from the edge of the incineration area, and the heating temperature of the material rises; S2: After the material is heated and cracked, a carbon compound is formed, and the stirring arm is driven to rotate by driving the rotating main shaft, so that the material advances in a spiral shape toward the center of the incineration area during the incineration process; S3: Under the rotating action of the stirring arm, the claw rake is driven to stir and rotate, so that the surface of the material is constantly updated, so that the organic matter of the material on the surface of the furnace bottom is continuously decomposed by heat; S4: The pyrolysis gas of the main incineration material, and the remaining carbides after the pyrolysis of some materials is incinerated; the overall temperature of the material is 750-850 ° C, the organic matter is fully pyrolyzed and volatilized, and incinerated in the upper part of the furnace; S5: After the material is completely incinerated, the ash and slag advance in a spiral shape to the center of the incineration area to be discharged for recycling. 5. The incineration method of a material according to claim 4, wherein the whole process is provided by the power provided by the claw rake provided on the stirring arm and the oxygen supply on the oxygen supply pipe The combustion-supporting air provided by the hole is completed. During the pyrolysis and incineration process, the whole material moves from the circumference of the hearth to the center of the circle, and needs to pass through four areas. "Pyrolysis zone", "pyrolysis carbon combustion zone", "ash cooling zone". 6. The incineration method of a material according to claim 4, wherein the material refers to the high-risk waste containing low calorific value, high fluorine and high chlorine. 7. the incineration method of a kind of material according to claim 4 is characterized in that, when the ash residue after the high-risk waste of described low calorific value, high fluorine, high chlorine is completely incinerated when moving to the center of the incineration area, it is different from the ash residue after the incineration zone. The incoming air conducts heat exchange, so that the temperature of the ash and slag decreases and the temperature of the incoming air increases. 8. the incineration method of a kind of material according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the oxygen supply holes arranged horizontally are arranged on the lateral oxygen supply pipe, the air outlet direction of the oxygen supply holes is opposite to the rotation direction, and the swirl pressurization effect is produced, Oxygen is sufficient on the surface of the furnace bottom material; under the rotation of the stirring arm, the oxygen supply hole performs three-dimensional oxygen supply, and a flame airflow with a "typhoon eye" in the middle is formed in the furnace cavity. 9. according to the incineration method of a kind of material described in any one of claim 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8, it is characterized in that, the thickness of the bed material layer is: 50-150mm; the bed material bed temperature is: 600 -750℃, mainly maintained by the energy radiation generated by the incineration of the pyrolysis gas in the upper part of the furnace; the height from the lower end of the oxygen supply pipe to the hearth surface is: 300-450 mm; the height of the oxygen pipe is: 150-300 mm.

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