CN114607380A - Pre-control roof filling mining method suitable for near-thick fourth-system lower broken ore body - Google Patents
Pre-control roof filling mining method suitable for near-thick fourth-system lower broken ore body Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
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- E21D20/021—Grouting with inorganic components, e.g. cement
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a pre-control roof filling mining method suitable for a lower broken ore body close to a thick fourth series, which comprises the following steps: s1, stope parameters: the ore body is divided into two steps of ore rooms and ore pillars for stoping, no pillar is left between a stope and the stope, the stope is arranged in a way of being vertical to the direction of the ore body, a plurality of sections are used for drilling, the lowest section is a centralized ore removal level, the middle section is a drilling level, and the uppermost section is a filling top protection level. S2, adopting and cutting: the segmented lower-plate transportation roadway is arranged at a position 20-25 m away from the ore body; compared with the prior art, the invention solves the technical problem of mining unstable ore body breakage, avoids the operations of rock drilling, roof prying, supporting and the like in the stope with the exposed roof and two sides both being filling bodies, has higher operation safety, realizes all pre-control supporting of the stope roof, reduces the construction of projects such as a roof protection roadway and the like, improves the stability of surrounding rocks by long anchor cable grouting, and effectively controls the caving of the stope roof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a pre-control roof filling mining method suitable for a thick and large fourth-system lower broken ore body.
Background
At present, most of underground mines in China are covered by a thick-layer fourth series unconsolidated rock stratum which is close to an ore body near the lower part of the fourth series, and only a small amount of mineral resources can be usually recovered. Particularly for large underground mines, in order to meet the production capacity of the mine, a plurality of ore blocks are often required to be organized for simultaneous production, the construction process is complex, the production organization is difficult, a large amount of loose stones, top prying, supporting, local ventilation and the like are required to be carried out, particularly, the risk of roof caving is faced at any time, the operation environment safety is poor, the labor intensity is high, the production capacity of the ore blocks is small, and in order to continuously mine, a large amount of layered engineering, such as stope connecting roadways, ventilation patios, ore orepass shafts, a large amount of mining and cutting and the like, needs to be constructed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pre-control roof filling mining method suitable for a broken ore body close to the lower part of a fourth system, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the pre-control roof filling mining method suitable for approaching the thick and large fourth-series lower broken ore body comprises the following steps:
s1, stope parameters: the ore body is divided into two steps of ore rooms and ore pillars for stoping, no pillar is left between a stope and the stope, the stope is arranged in a way of being vertical to the direction of the ore body, a plurality of sections are used for drilling, the lowest section is a centralized ore removal level, the middle section is a drilling level, and the uppermost section is a filling top protection level;
s2, adopting and cutting: the subsection footwall transportation drift is arranged 20-25 m away from an ore body, a flat-bottom trench bottom structure is adopted, the ore removal drift is located in the center of the bottom of an ore pillar, the included angle between an ore removal approach and the ore removal drift is 45 degrees, the two sides of the ore removal drift are arranged in a staggered mode, an ore receiving drift is arranged 2-3 m away from the boundary of a stope, the rock drilling subsection drift is arranged 20-25 m away from the ore body footwall, and the filling roof protection drift is arranged in a mode of being longitudinal along the end part of the stope and being vertical to the middle of the stope;
s3, cutting engineering: arranging a cutting well at the end part of a stope on the ore body, performing layered construction from top to bottom by adopting a down-the-hole drill, wherein the aperture is phi 140 mm-phi 165mm, and the blasting is formed by 1-2 times of blasting;
s4, a recovery process: upward medium-length holes are arranged row by row in a cutting roadway, blast holes are all arranged in an ore body, and the distance between the hole bottom and a rock stratum is 0.5-1 m; in a rock drilling roadway, from the end part, a Simba1354 type hydraulic rock drilling jumbo is adopted to drill an upward fan-shaped medium-length hole; the diameter of blast holes is 60 mm-76 mm, the row spacing of the blast holes is 1.9m and 2m, the hole bottom spacing is 2.6-3.0 m, and the angle of the side holes of the blast holes is 32-45 degrees; the method comprises the following steps that firstly, the blast hole bottom of a mine room is arranged to the boundary of a stope, and when stoping is carried out in the second step, two sides of the stope are filling bodies, and the distance between the blast hole bottom and the filling bodies is 1.5-2.0 m; in order to accelerate the rapid formation of cutting groove blasting, cutting wells of the sectional rock drilling roadway are arranged on the same side, cutting groove blasting is sequentially carried out from the next section to the previous section, a bottom structure adopts a high-power electric shovel for centralized shoveling and transporting, and ore removal is 30% -40% of the amount of blasting ore after blasting is completed each time; the blasting adopts a middle advanced cut two-side lateral extrusion medium-length hole damping blasting technology, the middle blast holes in the rows are initiated in advance to form a V-shaped free surface in advance, and three blank surfaces exist during blasting of the blast holes on two sides, so that the blasting clamping property is reduced; the blast hole is charged by a charging trolley, the explosive is porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, the hole bottom of a non-electric differential detonator is reversely detonated, the hole opening is blocked by adopting a mode of 3m and 6m intervals, the inter-row differential time is 50 ms-75 ms, 1-2 rows of ore caving are carried out in a subsection, each subsection is subjected to stepped blasting ore falling from top to bottom in a grading mode, a diesel scraper is adopted for loosening ore removal at each rock drilling level, and an electric scraper is adopted for carrying out scraper transportation at a centralized ore removal level;
s5, pre-controlling and supporting a top plate: and (3) grouting by adopting a long anchor cable to pre-control the top plate, wherein the depth of a pre-reinforced area to be supported is 15-30 m, and the row spacing is 5 m.
As a preferable technical scheme, the top plate in the step S5 is completely supported by long anchor cable precontrol, the anchor cable holes are constructed by 1354 hydraulic drill jumbo or YGZ90 rack, the anchor cable holes are arranged in an upward fan-shaped arrangement mode along the longitudinal direction of the end part of the stope and the transverse direction of the middle part of the stope, the hole bottom distance is 5-10 m, the hole depth length is 15-30 m, the hole diameter phi is 65-90 mm, and anchor cable hole drilling and grouting construction are completed before stoping blasting.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the plugging material of the orifice in the step S4 is a conical wood wedge, the diameters of two ends of the cone are respectively 80mm and 100mm, the length is 15-20 cm, a grouting hole, a steel strand hole and an exhaust hole are uniformly arranged on the cone, and the hole diameters are respectively 25mm, 20mm and 15 mm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the grouting in step S5 is performed by one of pure cement grouting and mortar grouting.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the width of the pillar of the chamber in the step S1 is 10-20 m, the length of the stope is the thickness of the ore body, the height of the stage is 50-75 m, and the height of the section is 15-25 m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention better solves the technical problem of mining unstable ore body crushing, avoids the operations of rock drilling, top prying, supporting and the like in the stope with exposed top plate and two sides being filling bodies, and has higher operation safety;
2. the arrangement parameters of the stope blocks are large, the production capacity of a single stope block is large, and the requirements of large-scale mining equipment of mines are met;
3. the roof of the stope is fully pre-controlled and supported, an upward fan-shaped long anchor cable hole arrangement mode is adopted, construction of projects such as a roof protection roadway is reduced, the long anchor cable is used for grouting, the cohesive force of surrounding rock is improved, the stability of the surrounding rock is improved, and caving of the roof of the stope is effectively controlled;
4. compared with the traditional approach filling mining method, the projects such as mining and cutting are greatly reduced, the production efficiency is high, and the production cost of the ton ore is low.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view (section A-A) of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of C-C of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view D-D of FIG. 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view E-E of fig. 1 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a footwall vein laneway; 2. -425m thoroughfare tunnels; 3. an upper plate vein-following roadway; 4. -250-425 m pass; 5. -300 segment footwall vein; 6. -300m access crossroads; 7. ore removal and access; 8. -275 segment lower tray vein lanes; 9. -275 rock drilling lanes; 10. a chute; 11. -250 segment lower tray vein lanes; 12. -250 segmental rock drilling; 13. -300 segmental receiving roadway lanes; 14. cutting a cross drift; 15. cutting the raise; 16. -225 step filling along the vein; 17. -225 filling a roof protection lane; 18. -300 sectional draw shaft heading; 19. a peri-collective weathering zone; 20. drilling a protective top; 21. blast holes; 22. blasting pile; 23. a filler body; 24. and a protective layer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1: referring to fig. 1-5, the present invention provides a technical solution: the pre-control roof filling mining method suitable for approaching the thick and large fourth-series lower broken ore body comprises the following steps:
s1, stope parameters:
the ore body is divided into two steps of ore room and ore pillar for stoping, and no pillar is left between stope and stope. The stope is arranged in a vertical ore body direction, the width of ore pillars of a room is 10m, the length of the stope is the thickness of the ore body, and the stage height is 50 m. The subsection height is 15m, a plurality of subsections are used for drilling, the lowest subsection is a centralized ore removal level, the middle subsection is a drilling level, and the highest subsection is a filling top protection level;
s2, adopting and cutting:
the mining preparation project mainly comprises: the main body of the mine comprises an upper plate and a lower plate vein-following level drift, a mine removal cross drift, a mine removal access, a mine receiving lane, a sectional level drift, a sectional rock drilling access, a filling roof protection lane and the like. The subsection lower-tray haulage roadway is arranged 20m away from the ore body. Adopts a flat-bottom trench bottom structure. And (4) bottom structure arrangement parameters are determined according to equipment operation requirements and ore rock stability. The ore removal gallery is positioned in the center of the bottom of the ore pillar, the section is 4.2m multiplied by 4.2m, the included angle between the ore removal access and the ore removal gallery is 45 degrees, the distance between the ore removal access is 14m, the two sides are arranged in a staggered mode, and the section is 4.2m multiplied by 4.2m in consideration of the stability of the bottom structure and the requirements of ore removal equipment. The receiving roadway is arranged 2m away from the stope boundary, and the section is 3.8m multiplied by 3.8 m. After the ore is collapsed, the upper part of the bottom structure bears the force mainly by the weight of loose bodies covered on the upper part of the bottom structure, in order to reduce the damage of the lower part of the bottom structure to the loose bodies, ore removal drifts and ore removal access ways are integrated as much as possible, therefore, anchor spraying support is adopted, anchor rods adopt phi 42mm and pipe seam type anchor rods with the length of 1.8m, the row spacing is 1.3m, metal nets are woven by phi 6mm round steel, the mesh size is 100mm multiplied by 200mm, and the sprayed concrete thickness is 50 mm-100 mm. The rock drilling subsection roadway is arranged at 20m of the ore body footwall, the section of the roadway is 4.0m multiplied by 3.9m, and the section joint crack development position is supported by adopting concrete spraying or slurry spraying. According to the working requirements of the rock drilling equipment, the section of a rock drilling access is 3.8m multiplied by 3.8m, and the section of a filling top protection roadway is 3.8m multiplied by 3.8 m;
s3, cutting engineering:
the cutting engineering mainly comprises a cutting raise and a cutting cross drift. Arranging cutting wells at the end parts of stopes on ore bodies, performing layered construction from top to bottom by adopting a down-the-hole drill, wherein the aperture is phi 140mm, performing well cutting blasting by adopting 1-2 times of blasting, specifically, constructing 1 large aperture (phi 670mm) by adopting a cutting groove drill, and performing auxiliary medium-length hole blasting;
s4, a recovery process:
upward medium-length holes are arranged row by row in a cutting roadway, blast holes are all arranged in an ore body, the distance between the hole bottom and a rock stratum is 0.5m, the function of a protective layer is achieved, damage and damage of blasting to supporting surrounding rocks are reduced, and falling caving of rocks is reduced. In the rock drilling roadway, from the end, a Simba1354 type hydraulic rock drilling jumbo is used for drilling an upward fan-shaped medium-length hole. The diameter of the blast holes is 60mm, the row spacing of the blast holes is 1.9m and 2m, the hole bottom spacing is 2.6m, and the angle of the side holes of the blast holes is 32 degrees. The method comprises the steps that the blast hole bottom of the chamber is arranged to the boundary of the stope in the first step, when stoping in the second step, two sides of the stope are filling bodies, the distance between the blast hole bottom and the filling bodies is 1.5m, the blast hole bottom plays a role of a protective layer, damage and damage of blasting to the supporting filling bodies are reduced, and falling caving rib mixing of the filling bodies is reduced.
In order to accelerate the rapid formation of the cutting groove blasting, the cutting wells of the sectional rock drilling roadway are arranged on the same side, the cutting groove blasting is sequentially carried out from the next section to the previous section, a bottom structure adopts a high-power electric shovel to carry out centralized shoveling, and ore removal is 30% of the amount of the blast ore after blasting is completed each time.
The blasting adopts the middle advanced cut two-side lateral extrusion medium-length hole shock absorption blasting technology. The blast holes in the middle in the rows are detonated in advance to form a V-shaped free surface in advance, three blank surfaces exist when the blast holes on the two sides are blasted, so that blasting clamping is reduced, the damage of blasting to adjacent stopes or fillers is reduced, and the phenomenon that hanging slope ore bodies are generated on the two sides due to insufficient blasting compensation space to cause loss is avoided; meanwhile, extrusion is generated in the rows, so that the blasting effect is improved, and the blasting block rate is reduced.
The blast hole is charged by a charging trolley. The explosive adopts porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive. And (3) adopting the hole bottom reverse detonation of the non-electric differential detonator, and blocking the hole opening in a mode of spacing 3m and 6 m. The inter-row differential time is 50ms, and the one-time ore caving in the segment is 1 row. Each section is subjected to stepped blasting ore falling from top to bottom in a grading manner, a diesel carry scraper is adopted for loosening ore removal in each rock drilling level, and an electric carry scraper is adopted for carrying out carry-over in the centralized ore removal level;
s5, pre-controlling and supporting a top plate:
firstly, technical parameters of long anchor cable
The ore body close to the lower part of the fourth system is generally broken, a roof is easy to fall and slice the highwall when stope is stoped, safety production is affected, a long anchor cable is needed to be adopted for grouting and pre-controlling the roof, the region needing to be supported for pre-reinforcement is estimated by adopting an empirical formula 'Pushi theory', and the Pushi arch height is as follows:
in the formula: b is the goaf width (m); h0 is the goaf height (m);
is the internal angle of friction (°) of the rock; f is the rock Pythium hardness coefficient.
According to the rock mechanical parameters of a certain ore body, the depth of a possible fracture area is within 15m by adopting the empirical formula of the Purchase theory, so that the anchoring depth is at least 15m, and the row spacing is 5 m.
The steel strand cable with the diameter of 15.52mm, the grouting pipe and the exhaust pipe are respectively a hard polyethylene high-pressure pipe with the diameter of 20mm and a common plastic pipe with the diameter of 10 mm.
In order to ensure the safety of the top plate during stoping, the top plate of the stope is completely supported by adopting a long anchor cable in advance, an anchor cable hole is constructed by adopting a1354 hydraulic rock drilling trolley or an YGZ90 rack, an upward fan-shaped arrangement mode is adopted, the anchor cable hole is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the end part of the stope and the transverse direction of the middle part of the stope, the row spacing is 5m, the hole bottom spacing is 5m, the hole depth length is 15m, the hole diameter is 65mm, and the anchor cable hole drilling and grouting construction is completed before stoping blasting.
The plugging material of the orifice is a conical wood wedge made of non-deformable willow, the diameters of two ends of a cone body are respectively 80mm and 100mm, the length of the cone body is 15cm, a grouting hole, a steel strand hole and an exhaust hole are uniformly arranged on the cone body, and the hole diameters are respectively 25mm, 20mm and 15 mm.
② construction of long anchor cable
(1) The anchor cable holes are drilled by a1354 hydraulic rock drilling trolley or an YGZ90 rack, and the hole diameter is 65 mm.
(2) And processing each part on the earth surface according to requirements by using the orifice plugging conical wooden wedge.
(3) All parts are connected according to design, the part of the exhaust pipe extending into the hole is wound with the steel strand by using adhesive tape cloth, and the exposed end of the exhaust pipe extends into water to observe the air outlet condition.
(4) Before grouting, the debris in the hole is blown out by high-pressure air, and then the grouting hole is cleaned by water.
(5) And pushing the steel strand and the exhaust pipe into the grouting hole, and tightly nailing the round wood wedge into the hole. When the long anchor cable is installed, cotton yarn is wound on the head of the anchor cable and is firmly fixed by an electrical tape, and the winding diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the anchor hole so as to prevent the anchor cable from falling off from the hole and injuring people. The exhaust pipe and the anchor cable are conveyed to the bottom of the hole together, and the exhaust pipe is blown by high-pressure air and water before grouting, so that the pipe is prevented from being blocked by debris and other impurities. The broken stone at the hole opening is treated completely during hole sealing, the steel strand, the exhaust pipe, the feeding iron pipe and the wood plug are combined, a plurality of layers of electrical tapes are wound outside the steel strand, the exhaust pipe, the feeding iron pipe and the wood plug to enable the steel strand, the exhaust pipe and the feeding iron pipe to be tightly combined, the steel strand, the feeding iron pipe and the feeding iron pipe are prevented from falling off and leaking slurry, then the hole sealing wood plug and the polyurethane foam rubber bag are wedged together by a sledge hammer, secondary crack pouring is carried out on the hole opening sealing after the foam rubber is expanded, the friction resistance is increased, and the hole opening blocking object is prevented from falling off and leaking slurry during grouting.
(6) Grouting mode: grouting by pure cement, wherein the water-cement ratio is as follows: 0.3:1 (mass ratio). The mortar is stirred on site by a stirrer and is used immediately after being stirred, so that the phenomena of segregation and precipitation are prevented.
(7) After the grouting pipes are connected, a grouting machine is started to perform grouting in a way of firstly diluting and then thickening, the grouting adopts an upward type grouting mode, the grouting pipe is connected with a feeding iron pipe, a hole is formed in the grouting pipe by 50cm, the hole is exposed by 30cm, and the grouting pipe is externally connected with a grout stop valve. And when the exhaust hole stops exhausting, stopping grouting, and closing the feeding iron pipe grout stop gate valve. The next hole was grouted in the same order. If the pipe blockage occurs in the grouting process, the machine should be stopped immediately to prevent the pipe explosion from hurting people due to overhigh pressure. And after grouting, immediately cleaning the stirrer and the grouting machine, and cleaning the site. And (5) maintaining for 5 days after grouting to perform mining operation.
Example 2: referring to fig. 1-5, the present invention provides a technical solution: the pre-control roof filling mining method suitable for approaching the thick and large fourth-series lower broken ore body comprises the following steps:
s1, stope parameters:
the ore body is divided into two steps of ore room and ore pillar for stoping, and no pillar is left between stope and stope. The stope is arranged in a vertical ore body direction, the width of ore pillars of a chamber is 20m, the length of the stope is the thickness of the ore body, and the stage height is 75 m. The subsection height is 25m, a plurality of subsections are drilled, the lowest subsection is a centralized ore removal level, the middle subsection is a drilling level, and the highest subsection is a filling top protection level;
s2, adopting and cutting:
the mining preparation project mainly comprises: the main body of the mine comprises an upper-lower plate gob-side entry way, a mine removal cross way, a mine removal access way, a mine receiving lane, a sectional entry way, a sectional rock drilling access way, a filling roof protection lane and the like. The subsection lower-tray haulage roadway is arranged 25m away from the ore body. Adopts a flat-bottom trench bottom structure. And (4) arranging parameters of the bottom structure, and determining according to the equipment operation requirement and the stability of the ore rock. The ore removal gallery is positioned in the center of the bottom of the ore pillar, the section is 4.2m multiplied by 4.2m, the included angle between the ore removal access and the ore removal gallery is 45 degrees, the distance between the ore removal access is 18m, the two sides are arranged in a staggered mode, and the section is 4.2m multiplied by 4.2m in consideration of the stability of the bottom structure and the requirements of ore removal equipment. The receiving roadway is arranged at a position 3m away from the boundary of the stope, and the section is 3.8m multiplied by 3.8 m. After the ore is collapsed, the upper part of the bottom structure bears the force mainly by the weight of loose bodies covered on the upper part of the bottom structure, in order to reduce the damage of the lower part of the bottom structure to the loose bodies, ore removal drifts and ore removal access ways are integrated as much as possible, therefore, anchor spraying support is adopted, anchor rods adopt phi 42mm and pipe seam type anchor rods with the length of 2.2m, the row spacing is 1.8m, metal nets are woven by phi 6mm round steel, the mesh size is 100mm multiplied by 200mm, and the sprayed concrete thickness is 100 mm. The rock drilling subsection roadway is arranged at 25m of the ore body footwall, the section of the roadway is 4.0m multiplied by 3.9m, and the section joint crack development position is supported by adopting concrete spraying or slurry spraying. According to the working requirements of the rock drilling equipment, the section of a rock drilling access is 3.8m multiplied by 3.8m, and the section of a filling top protection roadway is 3.8m multiplied by 3.8 m;
s3, cutting engineering:
the cutting engineering mainly comprises a cutting raise and a cutting cross drift. Arranging cutting wells at the end parts of stopes on ore bodies, performing layered construction from top to bottom by adopting a down-the-hole drill, wherein the aperture is phi 165mm, performing well cutting blasting by adopting 1-2 times of blasting, specifically, constructing 1 large aperture (phi 670mm) by adopting a cutting groove drill, and performing auxiliary medium-length hole blasting;
s4, a recovery process:
upward medium-length holes are arranged in the cutting roadway row by row, blast holes are all arranged in an ore body, the distance between the hole bottom and a rock stratum is 1m, the function of a protective layer is achieved, damage and damage of blasting to supporting surrounding rocks are reduced, and rock caving rib mixing is reduced. In the rock drilling roadway, from the end, a Simba1354 type hydraulic rock drilling jumbo is used for drilling an upward fan-shaped medium-length hole. The diameter of the blast holes is 76mm, the row spacing of the blast holes is 1.9m and 2m, the hole bottom spacing is 3.0m, and the angle of the side holes of the blast holes is 45 degrees. The method comprises the steps that the blast hole bottom of the chamber is arranged to the boundary of the stope in the first step, when stoping in the second step, two sides of the stope are filling bodies, the distance between the blast hole bottom and the filling bodies is 2.0m, the blast hole bottom plays a role of a protective layer, damage and damage of blasting to the supporting filling bodies are reduced, and falling caving rib mixing of the filling bodies is reduced.
In order to accelerate the rapid formation of the cutting groove blasting, the cutting wells of the sectional rock drilling roadway are arranged on the same side, the cutting groove blasting is sequentially carried out from the next section to the previous section, a bottom structure adopts a high-power electric shovel to carry out centralized shoveling, and ore removal is 40% of the amount of the blasting ore after blasting is completed each time.
The blasting adopts the middle advanced cut two-side lateral extrusion medium-length hole shock absorption blasting technology. The blast holes in the middle in the rows are detonated in advance to form a V-shaped free surface in advance, three blank surfaces exist when the blast holes on the two sides are blasted, so that blasting clamping is reduced, the damage of blasting to adjacent stopes or fillers is reduced, and the phenomenon that hanging slope ore bodies are generated on the two sides due to insufficient blasting compensation space to cause loss is avoided; meanwhile, extrusion is generated in the rows, so that the blasting effect is improved, and the blasting block rate is reduced.
The blast hole is charged by a charging trolley. The explosive adopts porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive. And (3) adopting the hole bottom reverse detonation of the non-electric differential detonator, and blocking the hole opening in a mode of spacing 3m and 6 m. The inter-row differential time is 75ms, and the one-time ore caving in the segment is 2 rows. Each section is subjected to stepped blasting ore falling from top to bottom, a diesel carry scraper is adopted to loosen ore removal in each rock drilling level, and an electric carry scraper is adopted to carry out carrying in the centralized ore removal level;
s5, pre-controlling and supporting a top plate:
technological parameters of long anchor cable
The ore body close to the lower part of the fourth system is generally broken, a roof is easy to fall and slice the highwall when stope is stoped, safety production is affected, a long anchor cable is needed to be adopted for grouting and pre-controlling the roof, the region needing to be supported for pre-reinforcement is estimated by adopting an empirical formula 'Pushi theory', and the Pushi arch height is as follows:
in the formula: b is the goaf width (m); h0 is the height (m) of the gob;
is the internal angle of friction (°) of the rock; f is the rock Pythium hardness coefficient.
According to the rock mechanical parameters of a certain ore body, the depth of a possible fracture area is within 15m by adopting the empirical formula of the Purchase theory, so that the anchoring depth is at least 15m, and the row spacing is 5 m.
The steel strand cable with the diameter of 15.52mm, the grouting pipe and the exhaust pipe are respectively a hard polyethylene high-pressure pipe with the diameter of 20mm and a common plastic pipe with the diameter of 10 mm.
In order to ensure the safety of the top plate during stoping, the top plate of the stope is completely supported by adopting a long anchor cable in advance, an anchor cable hole is constructed by adopting a1354 hydraulic rock drilling trolley or an YGZ90 rack, an upward fan-shaped arrangement mode is adopted, the anchor cable hole is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the end part of the stope and the transverse direction of the middle part of the stope, the row spacing is 5m, the hole bottom spacing is 10m, the hole depth length is 30m, the hole diameter is 90mm, and the anchor cable hole drilling and grouting construction is completed before stoping blasting.
The plugging material of the orifice is a conical wood wedge made of non-deformable willow, the diameters of two ends of a cone body are respectively 80mm and 100mm, the length of the cone body is 20cm, a grouting hole, a steel strand hole and an exhaust hole are uniformly arranged on the cone body, and the hole diameters are respectively 25mm, 20mm and 15 mm.
Second, long anchor cable construction
(1) The anchor cable holes are drilled by a1354 hydraulic rock drilling trolley or an YGZ90 rack, and the hole diameter is phi 90 mm.
(2) The hole plugging conical wooden wedge is processed on the ground surface according to requirements.
(3) All parts are connected according to design, the part of the exhaust pipe extending into the hole is wound with the steel strand by using adhesive tape cloth, and the exposed end of the exhaust pipe extends into water to observe the air outlet condition.
(4) Before grouting, high-pressure air is used for blowing out debris in the hole, and then the grouting hole is cleaned by water.
(5) And pushing the steel strand and the exhaust pipe into the grouting hole, and tightly nailing the round wood wedge into the hole. When the long anchor cable is installed, cotton yarn is wound on the head of the anchor cable and is firmly fixed by an electrical tape, and the winding diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the anchor hole so as to prevent the anchor cable from falling off from the hole and injuring people. The exhaust pipe and the anchor cable are conveyed to the bottom of the hole together, and the exhaust pipe is blown by high-pressure air and water before grouting, so that the pipe is prevented from being blocked by debris and other impurities. The broken stone at the hole opening is treated completely during hole sealing, the steel strand, the exhaust pipe, the feeding iron pipe and the wood plug are combined, a plurality of layers of electrical tapes are wound outside the steel strand, the exhaust pipe, the feeding iron pipe and the wood plug to enable the steel strand, the exhaust pipe and the feeding iron pipe to be tightly combined, the steel strand, the feeding iron pipe and the feeding iron pipe are prevented from falling off and leaking slurry, then the hole sealing wood plug and the polyurethane foam rubber bag are wedged together by a sledge hammer, secondary crack pouring is carried out on the hole opening sealing after the foam rubber is expanded, the friction resistance is increased, and the hole opening blocking object is prevented from falling off and leaking slurry during grouting.
(6) Grouting mode: grouting by using mortar, wherein the ratio of the mortar to the sand is as follows: 1:1 (mass ratio), water-cement ratio: 0.6:1 (mass ratio), the mortar is stirred on site by a stirrer and is used immediately after stirring, and the phenomena of segregation and precipitation are prevented.
(7) After the grouting pipes are connected, a grouting machine is started to perform grouting in a manner of firstly thinning and then thickening, the grouting adopts an upward type grouting mode, the grouting pipe is connected with a feeding iron pipe, a hole is 70cm, the hole is exposed by 50cm, and the grouting pipe is externally connected with a grout stop gate valve. And when the exhaust hole stops exhausting, stopping grouting, and closing the feeding iron pipe grout stop gate valve. The next hole was grouted in the same order. If the pipe blockage occurs in the grouting process, the machine should be stopped immediately to prevent the pipe explosion from hurting people due to overhigh pressure, and after the grouting is finished, the stirring machine and the grouting machine should be cleaned immediately and the site should be cleaned. And (5) after grouting, maintaining for 7 days, and performing mining operation.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. The pre-control roof filling mining method suitable for the lower broken ore body close to the thick fourth series is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, stope parameters: the ore body is divided into two steps of ore rooms and ore pillars for stoping, no pillar is left between a stope and the stope, the stope is arranged in a way of being vertical to the direction of the ore body, a plurality of sections are used for drilling, the lowest section is a centralized ore removal level, the middle section is a drilling level, and the uppermost section is a filling top protection level;
s2, adopting and cutting: the subsection footwall transportation drift is arranged 20-25 m away from an ore body, a flat-bottom trench bottom structure is adopted, the ore removal drift is located in the center of the bottom of an ore pillar, the included angle between an ore removal approach and the ore removal drift is 45 degrees, the two sides of the ore removal drift are arranged in a staggered mode, an ore receiving drift is arranged 2-3 m away from the boundary of a stope, the rock drilling subsection drift is arranged 20-25 m away from the ore body footwall, and the filling roof protection drift is arranged in a mode of being longitudinal along the end part of the stope and being vertical to the middle of the stope;
s3, cutting engineering: arranging a cutting well at the end part of a stope on the ore body hanging plate, and performing layered construction from top to bottom by adopting a down-the-hole drill, wherein the aperture is phi 140 mm-phi 165mm, and the blasting is formed by 1-2 times of blasting;
s4, a recovery process: upward medium-length holes are arranged row by row in a cutting roadway, blast holes are all arranged in an ore body, and the distance between the hole bottom and a rock stratum is 0.5-1 m; in a rock drilling roadway, from the end part, a hydraulic rock drilling trolley is adopted to drill upward fan-shaped medium-length holes, the diameter of blast holes is 60 mm-76 mm, the row spacing of the blast holes is 1.9m and 2m, the hole bottom spacing is 2.6-3.0 m, and the angle of the side hole of the blast hole is 32-45 degrees; the method comprises the following steps that firstly, the blast hole bottom of a mine room is arranged to the boundary of a stope, and when stoping is carried out in the second step, two sides of the stope are filling bodies, and the distance between the blast hole bottom and the filling bodies is 1.5-2.0 m; in order to accelerate the rapid formation of cutting groove blasting, cutting wells of the sectional rock drilling roadway are arranged on the same side, cutting groove blasting is sequentially carried out from the next section to the previous section, a bottom structure adopts a high-power electric shovel for centralized shoveling and transporting, and ore removal is 30% -40% of the amount of blasting ore after blasting is completed each time; the blasting adopts a middle advanced cut two-side lateral extrusion medium-length hole damping blasting technology, the middle blast holes in the rows are initiated in advance to form a V-shaped free surface in advance, and three blank surfaces exist during blasting of the blast holes on two sides, so that the blasting clamping property is reduced; the blast hole is filled by a filling trolley, the explosive is porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, the hole bottom of a non-electric differential detonator is reversely detonated, the hole opening is blocked in a mode of 3m and 6m intervals, the inter-row differential time is 50 ms-75 ms, 1-2 rows of ore caving are realized in a subsection, each subsection is subjected to stepped blasting ore falling from top to bottom in different times, each rock drilling level adopts a diesel scraper to loosen ore removal, and the centralized ore removal level adopts an electric scraper to carry out scraper movement;
s5, pre-controlling and supporting a top plate: and (3) grouting by adopting a long anchor cable to pre-control the top plate, wherein the depth of a pre-reinforced area to be supported is 15-30 m, and the row spacing is 5 m.
2. The precontrol roof filling mining method applicable to the proximity of thick and large fourth-series lower crushed ore bodies as claimed in claim 1, wherein the roof in the step S5 is completely supported by long anchor rope precontrol, the anchor rope holes are constructed by 1354 hydraulic drill jumbo or YGZ90 jack, the anchor rope holes are arranged in an upward fan-shaped mode along the longitudinal direction of the end part of the stope and the transverse direction of the middle part of the stope, the hole bottom distance is 5-10 m, the hole depth length is 15-30 m, and the hole diameter is 65-90 mm, and anchor rope hole drilling and grouting construction are completed before stope blasting.
3. The pre-controlled roof filling mining method suitable for approaching thick fourth-series lower crushed ore bodies according to claim 1, wherein the plugging material of the orifice of the step S4 is conical wood wedges, the diameters of two ends of each cone are respectively 80mm and 100mm, the length of each cone is 15-20 cm, and grouting holes, steel strand holes and exhaust holes are uniformly arranged on the cones, and the diameters of the holes are respectively 25mm, 20mm and 15 mm.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the grouting of step S5 is one of grouting with pure cement or grouting with mortar.
5. The pre-controlled roof fill mining method applicable to the proximity of thick fourth-series lower crushed ore bodies according to claim 1, wherein the width of the chamber pillars of the step S1 is 10-20 m, the length of the stope is the thickness of the ore body, the step height is 50-75 m, and the step height is 15-25 m.
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