CN118548059A - Mining method for protecting surrounding rock of steep-dip thick ore body - Google Patents
Mining method for protecting surrounding rock of steep-dip thick ore body Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/02—Driving inclined tunnels or galleries
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of mine construction, and provides a mining method for protecting surrounding rock of a steep-inclined thick ore body. The mining method comprises the steps of tunneling in the direction of ore bodies in an upper layer and a lower layer of a ore room to form an intra-pulse cutting roadway; the reverse well drilling machine enters from a layered vein external conveying roadway, a plurality of cutting inclined shafts are constructed in a backward mode from an ore body upper disc to an ore body lower disc along the vein penetrating direction at the edge of a ore room, two adjacent cutting inclined shafts are tangent or crossed, each cutting inclined shaft is connected with an upper layered vein internal cutting roadway and a lower layered vein internal cutting roadway to form a pull groove blocking surface, the ore room ore body is divided into two parts, and lateral blasting stoping is carried out on the divided ore body. Therefore, vibration damage of blasting to the top and bottom plates is effectively avoided by forming the pull groove blocking surface; meanwhile, the pull groove blocking surface can also block energy transmission of ore bodies in blasting construction, blocks a vibration transmission path of the ore bodies during blasting, and effectively avoids vibration and damage to the ore bodies in other ore rooms.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of mine construction, in particular to a mining method for protecting surrounding rock of a steep-inclined thick ore body.
Background
Along with continuous exploitation of mineral resources, the exploitation difficulty is high, hidden dangers are high, engineering targets are complex and other difficult-to-be-exploited resources are gradually increased, and the exploitation and utilization of the complex south financial resources are urgently needed to be guided by new ideas, new theories, new technologies, new processes and new methods.
In recent years, the problems of coal mine safety exploitation under buildings, water bodies, roads and railways are remarkable, and aiming at the problems, the complexity, diversity and uncertainty analysis of exploitation damages are carried out, and the exploitation scheme, the degree of damage of the overburden movable deformation surface, building facilities and environmental protection are taken as main lines. The full-tailing cemented filling mining method is used as a flexible protection measure, so that the surface subsidence can be ensured to meet the normal operation of highways and rivers, and the smooth proceeding of mining work can be ensured. Therefore, the high-section subsequent filling mining process has rapid development in complicated and difficult mining 'three-lower' mines due to the advantages of the mining process in the aspects of economy, safety and the like.
For the mine under three conditions, the control blasting technology is particularly complex and important, the blasting effect is ensured in the process, the blasting hazard is controlled within the limit value, and the safety accidents such as goaf falling and earth surface collapse are avoided due to damage of goaf bottom plates and surrounding rocks caused by overlarge earthquake waves and air shock waves.
Thus, there is a need to provide a solution to the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a mining method for protecting surrounding rock of a steep-inclined thick ore body, which aims to solve or alleviate the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical solutions:
The application provides a mining method for protecting surrounding rock of a steep-inclined thick ore body, which comprises the following steps: tunneling is carried out in the ore room in an upper and lower layered mode along the trend of the ore body, so as to form an intra-pulse cutting roadway; the reverse well drilling machine enters from a layered vein external conveying roadway, a plurality of cutting inclined shafts are constructed in a backward way from an ore body upper disc to an ore body lower disc along the vein penetrating direction at the edge of a ore room, two adjacent cutting inclined shafts are tangent or crossed, each cutting inclined shaft is connected with an upper layered vein internal cutting roadway and a lower layered vein internal cutting roadway, and a pull groove blocking surface is formed by the plurality of cutting inclined shafts so as to divide the ore room ore body into two parts; and carrying out lateral blasting stoping on the ore body divided by the pull groove blocking surface.
Preferably, the inverted well drilling machine cuts the lane in the pulse of the upper segment design, uses the extending direction of the intra-pulse cutting lane as a reference, and is used for constructing a cutting inclined shaft in a downward inclined manner, so as to communicate with the intra-pulse cutting lane of the lower segment design.
Preferably, the inclination angle of drilling of the cutting inclined shaft is greater than or equal to 60 degrees and smaller than 90 degrees based on the extending direction of the intra-vein cutting roadway, and/or the thickness of the ore body divided by the pull groove blocking surface ranges from 3 meters to 25 meters.
Preferably, when the raise boring machine is used for cutting inclined shafts in construction, a guide hole with the diameter of 250 mm is drilled in the forward direction, and the guide hole is reamed in the reverse direction until the diameter reaches 2500 mm.
Preferably, during back reaming, the formula is as follows:
Determining reaming lifting pressure ; Wherein,Is the number of the hob cutters,Is the number of drill rods in the guide hole.
Preferably, each time the reverse well drilling machine finishes a cutting inclined shaft, the cutting inclined shaft is reinforced and covered by a cover plate with a corresponding size, and then the next cutting inclined shaft is constructed.
The beneficial effects are that:
In the mining method for protecting surrounding rock of the steep-dip thick and large ore body, the ore room is tunneled up and down in layers along the trend of the ore body to form an intra-pulse cutting lane; the reverse well drilling machine enters from a layered vein external conveying roadway, a plurality of cutting inclined shafts are constructed in a backward mode from an ore body upper disc to an ore body lower disc along the vein penetrating direction at the edge of a ore room, two adjacent cutting inclined shafts are tangent or crossed, each cutting inclined shaft is connected with an upper layered vein internal cutting roadway and a lower layered vein internal cutting roadway, the plurality of cutting inclined shafts form a pull groove blocking surface, the ore room ore body is divided into two parts, and the ore body (residual ore) divided by the pull groove blocking surface is subjected to lateral blasting stoping. By this, carry on the back construction a plurality of cut inclined shafts by the back drilling machine and form the blind face of the draw slot, compare with blasting that uses cut inclined shaft as the free face and draw the slot, has avoided blasting to shake the damage of the top and bottom plate effectively; meanwhile, the pull groove blocking surface can also block energy transmission of ore bodies (residual ores) in blasting construction, blocks a vibration transmission path in blasting, and effectively avoids vibration and damage to ore bodies in a ore room.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a mining method for protecting surrounding rock of a steeply dipping thick and large ore body provided according to some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a cut inclined shaft pull groove construction scheme provided in accordance with some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 3 is an isometric view of a cut incline shaft construction provided in accordance with some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a model of a cutting inclined shaft for a room raise boring machine construction provided in accordance with some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a steel plate overlaid on a cutting slant well according to some embodiments of the present application;
Fig. 6 is a schematic top view of a chamber formation and stope sequence provided in accordance with some embodiments of the application.
Detailed Description
The application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments. The examples are provided by way of explanation of the application and not limitation of the application. Indeed, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made in the present application without departing from the scope or spirit of the application. For example, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used on another embodiment to yield still a further embodiment. All other embodiments, which are derived by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present application, shall fall within the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present application.
Before the ore body is formally extracted, the formation of the free surface of the ore body is important, so that the cutting draw-groove is the most critical engineering point of underground mining of non-coal mines, which has to be done and has great construction difficulty. A cutting engineer creates a free compensation space for the stope face; generally includes tunneling intra-pulse cutting tunnels, cutting patios, and forming cutting slots. The quality of the cutting groove is directly related to the quality of the recovery effect. If the cutting space does not meet the design requirement, the ore can generate suspended roof by stoping blasting, and stoping progress delay and safety problems can be caused by treating the suspended roof.
The common practice of the non-coal mine is to firstly cut the patio construction and then to enlarge the compensation space by using the blasting of the patio to pull the groove. The method has high risk in soft broken rock, and has slow progress, high cost and poor forming quality. Because the conventional cutting courtyard is difficult to construct, the quality of a cutting groove is difficult to ensure, and the recovery of ores is directly influenced.
In the mining process of high segmentation subsequent filling, when the cutting groove is formed, the mining groove is positioned at the junction of stope ore rocks, the operation space is small, the compensation space is limited, the environment is more complex, the construction difficulty is high, and the problems of concentrated blasting disturbance stress, surrounding rock vibration destructiveness and the like of the cutting groove are solved in the 'three-step' mining process.
In the existing inclined ore body cutting chute mining method, a cutting inclined shaft is constructed along the trend of the ore body, parallel medium-deep holes of a pull groove are cut on two sides of the cutting inclined shaft according to the designed row distance and the hole bottom distance, then the cutting inclined shaft is used as a free surface, and the parallel medium-deep holes of the pull groove are charged and blasted to form the cutting chute. In the whole slot pulling process, the cutting inclined shaft is required to be used as a free surface for blasting slot pulling, and the vibration and damage to the top and bottom plates are inevitably caused, so that the top and bottom plates are unstable, and the problem that the blasting disturbance stress concentration of the cutting slot and the surrounding rock vibration destructiveness cannot be solved.
Based on this, the application provides a mining method for protecting surrounding rock of a steep and thick ore body, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps:
and step S101, tunneling is carried out in the ore room in an upper and lower layered mode along the trend of the ore body, and an intra-pulse cutting roadway is formed.
A room refers to the space used to mine ore during a mining process. It is usually an area planned according to a certain design and layout in ore bodies, in stopes or ore blocks where underground mining is performed, the ore bodies or the mined-out portions to be mined are not necessarily reserved, and mining in a mining room usually adopts various effective mining methods, such as a room pillar method, a filling method and the like, so as to obtain valuable ore resources. The ore pillar is then in order to support the country rock, protection stope, prevent that the roof from collapsing and remain the part in the ore deposit, play the effect of supporting and stabilizing mine structure to guarantee the safe going on of mining operation. But the ore pillar also contains a certain amount of ore resources, and the ore pillar is reasonably arranged and recovered, so that the utilization rate of mining resources can be effectively improved.
In actual mining operations, the arrangement and the size of the ore room and the ore pillar need to be comprehensively designed according to various factors such as the characteristics of ore bodies, geological conditions, mining methods, safety requirements and the like. If the arrangement of the ore pillar is unreasonable, the mine roof can sink, the roadway can deform and other safety problems can be caused; excessive reservation of ore pillars causes waste of ore resources. The ore room and the ore pillar complement each other in the mining process, so that the safe and efficient mining of the mine and the reasonable utilization of resources are guaranteed.
The method for vertically layering the ore room is divided into a segmented ore room method, an upward horizontal layered filling method and the like. The segmented ore room method is characterized in that the segmented ore room method is divided into segments along the vertical height of the stage, each segment is sequentially mined from top to bottom, and the segments are divided into an ore room and an ore pillar. In the mining process, the mining room is returned first, and after the mining room is finished, ore pillars are mined immediately and goaf is processed.
The upward horizontal layered filling method is to divide ore blocks into ore rooms and ore pillars, and then mine the ore rooms and the ore pillars. Stope is carried out in a layered manner from bottom to top (horizontal layered or inclined layered), after one or a plurality of layers are stoped, filling is carried out in time to maintain upper and lower wall rocks, and continuous stope operation conditions are created; the pillars are mined in a reasonable mining order using a filling method or other suitable method.
The trend of the ore body refers to the intersection line of the rock layer surface and the horizontal plane or the horizontal line on the rock layer surface, namely the horizontal extending direction of the ore body in space, namely the stranded wire of the rock layer surface and any imaginary horizontal plane, namely the extending direction of two ends of the connecting line of two equal-height points on the same layer surface. Tunneling is carried out in an up-down layered mode in a mine room, so that the mine room can be arranged along the trend of the mine body, an upper subsection intra-pulse cutting lane and a lower subsection intra-pulse cutting lane are directly formed in the mine body respectively, a pull groove blocking surface is formed between the upper subsection intra-pulse cutting lane and the lower subsection intra-pulse cutting lane, the extension of the mine body can be tracked to the greatest extent, the mine vein is more directly achieved, invalid construction is reduced, the mining progress is accelerated, the recovery rate of the mine is improved, and resource waste is reduced. Meanwhile, unnecessary roadway development and support are reduced, and material and labor costs are reduced.
Step S102, a reverse well drilling machine enters from a layered vein external conveying roadway, a plurality of cutting inclined shafts are constructed in a backward mode from an ore body upper disc to an ore body lower disc along the vein penetrating direction at the edge of a ore room, two adjacent cutting inclined shafts are tangent or crossed, each cutting inclined shaft is connected with an upper layered vein internal cutting roadway and a lower layered vein internal cutting roadway, and a pull groove blocking surface is formed by the plurality of cutting inclined shafts to divide the ore room ore body into two parts.
In the application, a reverse well drilling machine is used for drilling and reaming from top to bottom, an upper subsection intra-pulse cutting roadway and a lower subsection intra-pulse cutting roadway are connected, a through groove which is formed by a plurality of tangent or intersecting round holes perpendicular to the trend of the ore body, namely a pull groove blocking surface, is formed at the edge of the ore room, and provides compensation space for stoping of the ore room, and the ore body is divided into two parts for stoping.
Specifically, the inverted well drilling machine cuts the lane in the pulse of the upper segment design, uses the extending direction of the intra-pulse cutting lane as a reference, and constructs a cutting inclined shaft in a downward inclined manner, so as to communicate with the intra-pulse cutting lane of the lower segment design. The construction is carried out by adopting a self-propelled reverse well drilling machine, wherein the drilling inclination angle of the cutting inclined shaft is larger than or equal to 60 degrees and smaller than 90 degrees based on the extending direction of the intra-pulse cutting lane, namely, the cutting inclined shaft with the drilling construction inclination angle larger than or equal to 60 degrees and smaller than 90 degrees is drilled by the intra-pulse cutting lane which is designed in an inclined downward direction towards the lower section along the extending direction of the intra-pulse cutting lane which is designed in the upper section. Before the drilling machine works, a main machine working chamber is excavated in advance, the floor of the chamber is smooth, no loose stone scum exists, a working platform concrete foundation is poured at the middle point of a hole site, the concrete foundation plane and the chamber bottom plate are on the same horizontal plane, and a track for placing drill rods is paved. The top plate of the chamber is required to be flat and free of loose rock, so that the support of the tripod-mounted oil cylinder is facilitated, a drainage ditch with a certain inclination is drilled at the edge of the chamber, and the midpoint of the hole is connected with the water storage filter tank.
In order to avoid the inclined hole of the reverse well drilling machine during construction and cutting of inclined holes, the reverse well drilling machine starts to drill with low pressure, and gradually increases the drilling pressure along with deepening of depth, so that the inclined hole cannot be inclined and the construction progress is guaranteed. Along with the continuous progress of rig operation, the degree of depth also gets deeper and deeper, because the drilling rod is very long, takes place the slope easily at the bottom drilling rod, leads to the operation failure, consequently, through adding the steady drilling rod of establishing when boring the deep, prevents that the drilling rod of deep from taking place the slope.
When the inclined shaft is cut by the inverted well drilling machine, the guide hole with the diameter of 250 mm is drilled forward, and then the hole is reamed reversely until the diameter reaches 2500 mm. Specifically, the well reversing drilling machine is arranged on a poured concrete foundation, a small-diameter drill bit is used for conducting pilot hole construction from top to bottom, and after a pilot hole penetrates through an intra-pulse cutting lane designed in a lower section, the pilot hole drill bit is removed, and a reaming cutter disc is connected for reaming from bottom to top.
When reaming starts, the contact surface is uneven, the cutter head is slowly pushed in, the pulling force and the rotating speed are controlled, and after all the cutterhead rolls to contact the rock, the cutter head can be reamed according to the normal pressure. According to the formula:
Determining reaming lifting pressure . Wherein,Is the number of the hob cutters,Is the number of drill rods in the guide hole.
Every time the inverted well drilling machine finishes the construction of a cutting inclined shaft, the cutting inclined shaft is reinforced and covered by a cover plate with a corresponding size as a well cover, and then the next cutting inclined shaft is constructed. For example, every time a cutting incline shaft is penetrated, usingThe steel plate is matched with channel steel to weld and reinforce the cut inclined shaft which is completed. Specifically, the edgeThe bottom surface of steel sheet welds many channel-section steel side by side, and the length of channel-section steel is greater than the steel sheet size, and both ends overlap in drilling periphery, make the steel sheet cover diameter be 2500 mm's cutting inclined shaft, increase steel sheet and the peripheral area of contact of drilling through the channel-section steel, realize the reinforcement cover to cutting the inclined shaft to effectively avoid the vehicle to fall in the time of the operation, ensure the safe operation of vehicle.
And step S103, performing lateral blasting stoping on the ore body divided by the pull groove blocking surface.
In the application, the thickness of the ore body divided by the pull groove blocking surface is in the range of 3 meters to 25 meters, and when the divided ore body (residual ore) is subjected to blasting construction, rock emulsion explosive and digital electronic detonator are adopted for blasting, and blasting stoping is carried out along the direction of vertical pulse penetration to the goaf. The method is characterized in that the coding with 1 millisecond as a unit can be adjusted according to the rock, geological conditions and the change of the pore network parameters, and the delay time of the detonator is set.
The blasting parameters can be adjusted according to field conditions, wherein the dense coefficient of deep holes in blasting is determined by the ratio of hole spacing to the minimum resistance line. Generally, the density coefficient of parallel holes is 0.8-1.5, and the stronger the ore is, the smaller the required blocking degree is, and the smaller the density coefficient is. The minimum resistance line of the medium-length hole is the row distance of the blast holes, and the minimum resistance line under different ore hardnessAnd aperture diameterIs shown in the relation table 1 of the following. Table 1 is as follows:
TABLE 1 minimum resistance lines for different ore hardness And aperture diameterRatio of (2)
The amount of the unit explosive consumption directly influences the blasting effect of the rock during blasting, wherein the underground deep hole unit explosive consumption is shown in table 2. Table 2 is as follows:
TABLE 2 consumption of underground deep hole unit explosives
In the application, all main blasting sequences of blasting networks are from top to bottom, and the charging uniformly adopts forward detonation charging, namely, a detonation detonator is placed at the muzzle end of a blasthole, and aiming at sectional charging, the detonation is spread downwards at the upper end of the sectional charging bag.
In the traditional mining method, the cutting chute is formed by cutting parallel medium deep holes of the pull groove on two sides of the cutting inclined shaft according to the designed row distance and the hole bottom distance, and then charging and blasting the parallel medium deep holes of the pull groove by taking the cutting inclined shaft as a free surface. Compared with the traditional method, the application does not need to set medium-length hole blasting on two sides of the cutting inclined shaft to form the cutting inclined grooves, but directly carries out back-up construction on a plurality of cutting inclined shafts by the back-up drilling machine, and the cutting inclined shafts are communicated to form the pull groove blocking surface, thereby effectively avoiding vibration damage of blasting to the top and bottom plates.
The reverse type construction of the inverted well drilling machine is carried out, a plurality of cutting inclined wells form a pull groove blocking surface, the ore body of the ore room is divided into two parts, then the ore body (residual ore) divided by the pull groove blocking surface is subjected to lateral blasting stoping, the energy transfer of the ore body (residual ore) in blasting construction is blocked through the pull groove blocking surface, the vibration transmission path of the ore body (residual ore) during blasting is blocked, and vibration and damage to the other ore bodies of the ore room are effectively avoided.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (4)
1. A mining method for protecting surrounding rock of a steep and thick ore body, comprising:
Tunneling is carried out in the ore room in an upper and lower layered mode along the trend of the ore body, so as to form an intra-pulse cutting roadway;
The reverse well drilling machine enters from a layered vein external conveying roadway, a plurality of cutting inclined shafts are constructed in a backward way from an ore body upper disc to an ore body lower disc along the vein penetrating direction at the edge of a ore room, two adjacent cutting inclined shafts are tangent or crossed, each cutting inclined shaft is connected with an upper layered vein internal cutting roadway and a lower layered vein internal cutting roadway, and a pull groove blocking surface is formed by the plurality of cutting inclined shafts so as to divide the ore room ore body into two parts; when the inverted well drilling machine is used for constructing and cutting an inclined well, a guide hole with the diameter of 250 mm is drilled in the forward direction, and the guide hole is reamed in the reverse direction until the diameter is 2500 mm; after the reverse well drilling machine finishes one cutting inclined shaft, reinforcing and covering the cutting inclined shaft through a cover plate with a corresponding size, and then constructing the next cutting inclined shaft;
and carrying out lateral blasting stoping on the ore body divided by the pull groove blocking surface.
2. The mining method for steep and heavy ore body protection surrounding rock according to claim 1, wherein,
The inverted well drilling machine cuts the lane in the pulse of the upper segment design, uses the extending direction of the intra-pulse cutting lane as a reference, and is used for constructing and cutting the inclined well in a downward inclined manner, so as to communicate with the intra-pulse cutting lane of the lower segment design.
3. The mining method for steep and heavy ore body protection surrounding rock according to claim 1, wherein,
Taking the extending direction of the intra-pulse cutting lane as a reference, the drilling inclination angle of the cutting inclined shaft is more than or equal to 60 degrees and less than 90 degrees,
And/or the number of the groups of groups,
The thickness of the ore body divided by the pull groove blocking surface ranges from 3 meters to 25 meters.
4. A mining method for steep and heavy ore body protection wall rock according to claim 3, wherein during back reaming, the formula is as follows:
Determining reaming lifting pressure ; Wherein,Is the number of the hob cutters,Is the number of drill rods in the guide hole.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN118958983A (en) * | 2024-10-16 | 2024-11-15 | 贵州息烽磷矿有限责任公司 | Mining method of V-shaped pseudo-inclined stratified mining with pre-cut top by raise boring machine |
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