CN114578419B - A method for identifying seismic attributes of medium-low energy mud diapirs development range - Google Patents
A method for identifying seismic attributes of medium-low energy mud diapirs development range Download PDFInfo
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
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- G01V1/307—Analysis for determining seismic attributes, e.g. amplitude, instantaneous phase or frequency, reflection strength or polarity
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
本发明属于油气勘探开发领域，具体涉及一种中‑低能量泥底辟发育范围地震属性识别方法。所述方法包括以下步骤：对原始地震资料进行滤波及构造平滑处理；相关地震属性三维体提取及优选；对反映底辟的优选属性体进行QC评价；对参数优化后的优选数据体进行RGB融合；断层的判断与剔除。本发明方法可更加精确地识别泥底辟发育范围，克服了活动能量较弱的泥底辟与周边地层区分度不够，地球物理特征性较不明显，其发育范围精确识别难度较大的问题，对优化新井规划设计、提高钻井成功率、提升油气发现率意义重大。
The present invention belongs to the field of oil and gas exploration and development, and specifically relates to a method for identifying seismic attributes of medium-low energy mud diapir development range. The method comprises the following steps: filtering and structural smoothing of original seismic data; extraction and optimization of relevant seismic attribute three-dimensional bodies; QC evaluation of the preferred attribute body reflecting diapir; RGB fusion of the preferred data body after parameter optimization; and judgment and elimination of faults. The method of the present invention can more accurately identify the development range of mud diapir, overcome the problem that mud diapir with weaker active energy is not sufficiently distinguishable from surrounding strata, geophysical characteristics are not obvious, and its development range is difficult to accurately identify, which is of great significance for optimizing the planning and design of new wells, improving the success rate of drilling, and increasing the discovery rate of oil and gas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of oil and gas exploration and development, and particularly relates to a middle-low energy mud bottom daylighting development range seismic attribute identification method.
Background
The mud volcanic and mudstone bottom activities drive the flow and transfer of fluid and plastic rock mass, which has obvious influence and control effect on oil and gas reservoirs and has indication significance on oil and gas discovery. The contents of the mud volcanic and the mud pit are the mixture of mud, gas and water in the deep part of the crust, and the mud clay-like fluid with lower density generates differential gravity under the power system with inverted density to upwards arch to penetrate the overlying stratum, so that the mud pit is not exposed on the surface or the seabed, and the exposed surface or the seabed is called mud volcanic.
The formation of mud volcanic and high-energy mud bottom is accompanied by extremely strong energy and acting force, the surrounding stratum is stretched upwards and severely to deform in the process of breaking through the stratum, the inclination angle of the surrounding stratum of the columnar nozzle is obviously increased on the seismic section, the geophysical characteristics are clear, and the seismic identification is easier. The middle-low energy mud bottom is relatively weak in movement energy, the transformation effect on surrounding stratum is mild, the upward stretching of the surrounding stratum is not obvious, near the top end of the mud bottom, the energy dispersion acts on the surrounding stratum due to insufficient accumulation of arch rising energy, so that the surrounding stratum with a limited range is developed into a complicated fracture system, especially in the region with relatively brittle lithology or relatively developed microcrack, the stratum becomes particularly broken, the broken stratum, the small fault with the disordered development and the irregular reflection and the blank reflection of the mud bottom have certain difficulty in distinguishing, and part of mud bottom content mud fluid invades the surrounding normal stratum along the pores, the cracks and the faults, so that the geophysical feature of the surrounding normal stratum is improved, and the difficulty in distinguishing the mud bottom from the surrounding stratum is aggravated. The above reasons lead to insufficient differentiation between the mud bed and the surrounding stratum with weaker activity energy, less obvious geophysical characteristics and larger difficulty in accurately identifying the development range.
The mud layer is capable of communicating deep oil source with upper reservoir space to provide high quality channel for oil and gas transportation and collection, but because the mud layer itself is composed of mud components, in the oil and gas exploration and development process, the development main channel of the mud layer needs to be avoided to search high quality reservoir. The method can accurately identify the development range of the mud bottom, and has great significance for optimizing the planning and design of a new well, improving the drilling success rate and improving the oil gas discovery rate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method for identifying earthquake attributes of a middle-low energy mud bottom development range, which can more accurately identify the mud bottom development range.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The invention provides a method for identifying earthquake attributes of a middle-low energy mud bottom wall development range, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, filtering and construction smoothing are carried out on original seismic data;
step2, extracting and optimizing a three-dimensional body of the related seismic attribute;
step 3, QC evaluation is carried out on the preferable attribute body reflecting the diapire;
step 4, carrying out RGB fusion on the optimized data body after parameter optimization;
And 5, judging and eliminating faults.
In step 1, the original seismic data are divided into different frequency bands, frequency division processing is sequentially carried out, a structural horizon of seismic interpretation is put into each frequency division body, the frequency division body is scanned in sequence along the line or Xline direction at intervals of every 4 channels on the section, the identification definition of each frequency division body to the structural horizon, the mud bottom, the fault is judged, the frequency division data body with the clearest identification is selected, and construction smoothing processing is carried out on the frequency division data body. The structure smoothing treatment can further reduce the possible condition of interference to a real structure, particularly the stratum above the mud guard, and the influence of shallow gas leaked by the mud guard on the sound wave speed causes the equidirectional axial false fluctuation of the shallow section above the mud guard, and the false fluctuation is reduced by reasonably selecting smoothing parameters, so that the influence of the false fluctuation of the gas-containing stratum on the mud guard and fault judgment is avoided.
Further, in step2, the three-dimensional body extraction of the correlation seismic attribute is performed on the preferred frequency division data body, and the algorithm used is preferred while the correlation attribute is extracted.
Further, two main types of attributes are mainly extracted, wherein the first type is capable of reflecting stratum characteristics and comprises an AGC attribute, a relative wave impedance attribute, an RMS amplitude attribute and a dessert attribute, and the second type is capable of reflecting bottom wall characteristics and comprises a local construction dip angle attribute, a local flatness attribute, a variance attribute and a chaos attribute.
Further, in step 2, it is preferable to distinguish between seismic attribute volumes of high degree and the surrounding strata and an optimization algorithm.
Further, in step 3, parameter debugging and QC evaluation are performed on the second type attribute body extracted in step 2, so that the reflection of each attribute body on the mud layer is clearer.
Furthermore, the principle of parameter debugging is to highlight dominant signals, suppress interference signals, and select smaller transverse resolution parameters and larger longitudinal parameters. The mud bottom is in a columnar shape with a slightly wider lower part and a slightly narrower upper part, and is generally a large-angle invasion body with an inclination angle of 75-90 degrees, the attribute body with higher transverse resolution can be obtained by smaller transverse parameters, the better transverse distinction between the bottom and the peripheral stratum is ensured, and the larger longitudinal parameters can suppress the internal clutter reflection of the bottom, so that the internal attribute consistency of the bottom is increased.
In step 4, the second type attribute body obtained in step 3 and the first type attribute body extracted in step 2 are respectively subjected to RGB fusion display in a ratio of 2:1, and color mixing parameters are adjusted to enable the second type attribute body to clearly display the mud bottom wall and the edge on the basis of taking the first type attribute body as a background. The first type of attribute can clearly reflect the characteristics of normal stratum outside the bottom wall, and the second type of attribute can reflect the characteristics of the bottom wall, so that the bottom wall and the stratum outside the bottom wall can be better distinguished and displayed by combining the first type of attribute and the second type of attribute.
Furthermore, two second-type attribute bodies are selected to complement the identification of the bottom wall, and three attribute body combinations with the best bottom wall identification effect are selected.
Further, in step 5, the second type attribute value domain information displayed as the bottom wall and the fault in the RGB fusion body obtained in step 4 is extracted, the fault information is removed, the bottom wall information is reserved, and the determined three-dimensional body of the bottom wall is obtained. The extracted information can better identify the second type attribute body of the bottom wall and also better identify the fault, so that the bottom wall and the fault are identified simultaneously, in the RGB fusion body, the bottom wall is in a column shape of the root-taking deep part, the fault is distributed in a sheet shape in a normal stratum outside the column shape of the bottom wall, and the bottom wall and the fault are effectively identified according to the difference of the shapes and the positions of the bottom wall and the fault.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
The method can more accurately identify the development range of the mud bottom, overcomes the problems of insufficient differentiation between the mud bottom and the peripheral stratum with weak activity energy, less obvious geophysical characteristics and high difficulty in accurately identifying the development range, and has great significance in optimizing new well planning design, improving drilling success rate and improving oil gas discovery rate.
The method has simple steps, can rapidly and accurately identify the development range of the middle-low energy mud bottom, and is beneficial to popularization and application.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for identifying seismic attributes of a mid-low energy mud bottom wall in a development range according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular forms also are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or combinations thereof.
In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the method for identifying the earthquake attribute of the development range of the middle-low energy mud bottom comprises the following steps:
Step 101, filtering and construction smoothing are carried out on the original seismic data:
The method comprises the steps of dividing original seismic data into different frequency bands, sequentially carrying out frequency division treatment, putting a structural horizon of seismic interpretation on each frequency division body, sequentially scanning every 4 paths along the line or Xline direction on a section, judging the identification definition of each frequency division body on the structural horizon, the mud bottom and the fault, selecting the frequency division data body with the clearest identification, and carrying out structural smoothing treatment on the frequency division data body.
Step 102, extracting and optimizing a three-dimensional body of the related seismic attribute:
And extracting the correlation seismic attribute of the preferred frequency division data volume. The first category is that the characteristics of stratum (reservoir) can be reflected, and comprises an AGC attribute of earthquake channels, an impedance attribute of relative waves, an RMS amplitude attribute and a dessert attribute, wherein the AGC attribute can promote weak signals to weaken strong signals, the instantaneous amplitude is normalized, the observation and the explanation are facilitated, the stratum structure can be clearly reflected, and the lithology and the fluid characteristics of the stratum can be reflected.
The second category can reflect the characteristics of the bottom wall, and comprises a local construction dip angle attribute, a local flatness attribute, a variance attribute and a chaos attribute.
The algorithm is selected while the related attributes are extracted, and the difference of the reflecting effect of the attribute results obtained by applying different algorithms to the bottom wall is larger, for example, the reflecting effect of the principal component analysis algorithm of the local structure dip angle body to the bottom wall is obviously better than that of the homodromous axis method and the gradient method. By observing the section scan, seismic attribute volumes and optimal algorithms with high discrimination between the bottom wall and the surrounding strata are preferred.
Step 103, QC evaluation is carried out on the preferable attribute body reflecting the diapire:
And (3) performing parameter debugging and QC evaluation on the second type attribute body (the preferable attribute body reflecting the bottom wall) obtained in the step (102) so as to enable the reflection of each attribute body on the bottom wall to be clearer. The principle of parameter debugging is to highlight dominant signals and suppress interference signals, and select smaller transverse resolution parameters and larger longitudinal parameters.
Step 104, carrying out RGB fusion on the optimized data body after parameter optimization:
and (3) respectively carrying out RGB fusion display on the second type attribute body obtained in the step (103) and the first type attribute body obtained in the step (102) according to the proportion of 2:1. And (3) adjusting color mixing parameters to enable the second type attribute body to clearly display the mud bottom wall scope and the edge on the basis of taking the first type attribute body as a background.
Step 105, judging and rejecting faults:
The second class data body value domain information displayed as the bottom wall and the fault in the RGB fusion body obtained in the step 104 is extracted, the difference of the form and the position of the mud wall and the fault is considered, the bottom wall and the fault information displayed in the RGB fusion body are distinguished and judged, the fault information can be removed by combining with the fault interpretation in the conventional seismic interpretation, the bottom wall information is reserved, and the determined three-dimensional body of the mud wall is obtained.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996018915A1 (en) * | 1994-12-12 | 1996-06-20 | Amoco Corporation | Method of seismic signal processing and exploration |
| CN111290020A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-06-16 | 北京奥能恒业能源技术有限公司 | Fracture detection method and device based on structural filtering processing and frequency division attribute fusion |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996018915A1 (en) * | 1994-12-12 | 1996-06-20 | Amoco Corporation | Method of seismic signal processing and exploration |
| CN111290020A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-06-16 | 北京奥能恒业能源技术有限公司 | Fracture detection method and device based on structural filtering processing and frequency division attribute fusion |
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