CN111458767B - A method and system for identifying lithology based on intersection map method - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种基于交汇图法识别岩性的方法及系统，其中方法包括，S01测井解释系列的选择，SO2测井数据归一化处理，S03利用两步岩性识别法精细识别岩性，S04通过对不同岩性类型的数据进行统计分析，对其频率进行对比，确定岩性分界线、岩性类型，S05判断识别岩性。本发明通过对研究区岩性进行分析，以一个新的思路，方法和模型快速确定岩性方法，在保留了交汇图法使用简单，将数据图示化，快速直观识别岩性的基础上，解决了只有少量岩心、薄片及录井资料时，交汇图法难以运用和无法达到精细识别岩性的标准的问题，并利用模型对大量测井数据进行岩性识别。
The invention provides a method and system for identifying lithology based on a cross-graph method, wherein the method includes: S01 selection of logging interpretation series, SO2 logging data normalization processing, S03 using two-step lithology identification method to finely identify lithology , S04 by performing statistical analysis on the data of different lithology types and comparing their frequencies to determine the lithologic boundary and lithologic types, and S05 to judge and identify the lithology. By analyzing the lithology of the research area, the present invention uses a new idea, method and model to quickly determine the lithology method, and on the basis of retaining the simple use of the intersection diagram method, graphing the data, and quickly and intuitively identifying the lithology, It solves the problem that the intersection map method is difficult to use and cannot reach the standard of fine identification of lithology when there is only a small amount of core, thin section and logging data, and the model is used to identify the lithology of a large amount of logging data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil-gas exploration, and particularly relates to a method and a system for identifying lithology based on a cross plot method.
Background
The lithology characteristic identification is the basis for recognizing stratum and reservoir prediction, the lithology identification is the first step of reservoir prediction, the lithology characteristic identification has very important significance for predicting high-yield enriched areas of oil gas, and the lithology characteristic identification is beneficial to exploration and development of the oil gas. The rock core observation is the most direct and effective method for identifying lithology, but the method cannot be widely applied due to high cost and complex operation flow, and the method for explaining lithology by logging information is promoted.
At present, various methods have been proposed at home and abroad for explaining lithology of logging data, such as conventional logging series, imaging logging, element logging and the like. However, due to cost, most oil fields still use conventional well logging series, and the method for explaining lithology by using conventional well logging is widely applied. At present, the intersection graph method is the method which explains lithology application most by conventional well logging information, but the conventional well logging information used by the intersection graph method is the comprehensive reflection of the combined action of all factors of a stratum, and the problem of low lithology depicting precision exists.
At present, the lithology is explained by using an intersection map at home and abroad mainly by a direct intersection map method. The direct intersection graph method is used for identifying lithology, two kinds of lithology-sensitive logging curve data are intersected directly, a standard graph is built, and lithology is identified. And realizing lithology division according to the characteristic that different lithology projects in different areas on a plane after intersection. The intersection graph method has the advantages that data are converted into graphs, and the purpose of more intuitionistic lithology identification is achieved. However, the method has the following disadvantages and drawbacks:
1. the intersection graph method adopts the conventional well logging series curves, has the condition of low recognition degree and cannot reach the standard of fine lithology recognition.
2. The direct intersection graph method requires a lot of time for data processing.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the background art, the invention provides a method and a system for identifying lithology based on a cross plot method, which can quickly identify various lithologies, have high discrimination, can effectively identify the lithology and achieve the semi-quantitative standard.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a lithology recognition method based on a junction graph method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s01, selecting a logging interpretation series;
selecting a well with existing drilling information, researching and analyzing the well logging, well logging and lithology of the well, selecting any two of GR, SP, DEN, AC and RILD well logging curves to perform cluster analysis in SPSS, and selecting a well logging curve with high lithology recognition degree;
s02, carrying out normalization processing on logging data;
determining a standard well and a standard layer, wherein the selection principle of the standard well and the standard well is determined according to the selection principle of the standard well and the standard layer in the petroleum logging data standardization;
correcting logging curves of all wells in a research area by adopting a peak value method by taking the selected standard well as a standard, and calculating to obtain a difference value of the logging curves of the standard well and the well to be detected until the logging data standardization processing of the rest wells in the work area is completed;
s03, finely identifying the lithology by using a two-step lithology identification method,
performing Fisher discriminant analysis by SPSS software to divide lithology into three major categories including carbonate rock, sandstone rock and mudstone;
on the basis of completing the lithological major classification judgment, further utilizing a Fisher judgment model to continuously divide the lithological properties in each major classification into subclasses, such as: mudstone, grey mudstone, sandy mudstone, oil shale limestone, dolomite, marl, sandy limestone, sandstone, grey sandstone and argillaceous sandstone;
s04, performing statistical analysis on data of different lithological types, comparing frequencies of the data, and determining a lithological boundary and a rock type;
and S05, inputting a correction value (difference value) obtained by the well logging data standardization processing module according to the divided lithological boundary to finish the identification of lithological judgment.
The further technical proposal is that in S03, the DEN value of carbonate rocks is more than 2.6g/cm3The DEN value amplitude of sandstone and mudstone is less than 2.6g/cm3And the GR amplitude of the sandstone is smaller than 62API, the GR amplitude of the mudstone is larger than 62API, and the DEN amplitude is 2.6g/cm3And GR amplitude 62API as a boundary value for discriminating the three major lithologies of the study area.
The further technical scheme is that in S03, the sandstone includes sandstone, gray sandstone and argillaceous sandstone, the GR amplitude of the gray sandstone is smaller than 44API, the sandstone is 44-56API, the argillaceous sandstone is larger than 56API, and the GR amplitudes of 44API and 56API are used as the boundary values of the sandstone, the gray sandstone and the argillaceous sandstone.
The further technical scheme is that the mudstone comprises mudstone, gray mudstone, sandy mudstone and oil shale, and the DEN amplitude of the gray mudstone is more than 2.4g/cm3The sandy mudstone is 2.28-2.4g/cm3And mudstone is less than 2.28g/cm3The DEN amplitude was set to 2.28g/cm3And 2.4g/cm3As the boundary value of the gray mud rock, the sandy mud rock and the mudstone.
The further technical scheme is that carbonate rocks comprise limestone, dolomite, marl and sandy limestone, and DEN amplitudes of the limestone and the dolomite are both more than 2.6g/cm3When the GR amplitude is larger than 32API, the GR amplitude is dolostone and is smaller than 32API, the limestone amplitude is lower than 2.6g/cm, and the DEN amplitude of impurity limestone is lower than3The DEN amplitude is 2.6g/cm3As the boundary value of carbonate rock and impurity limestone, the GR amplitude 32API is used as the boundary value of limestone and dolomite.
A system for identifying lithology based on a junction graph method comprises the following modules:
and the well logging data curve distinguishing module selects a well with existing well drilling data, carries out research and analysis on well logging, well logging and lithology of the well, selects any two curves from GR, SP, DEN, AC and RILD well logging curves to carry out cluster analysis in SPSS, and selects a well logging curve with high intersection map recognition degree.
And the well logging data standardization processing module is used for determining the standard wells and the standard layers according to the selection principle of the standard wells and the standard layers in the petroleum well logging data standardization, inputting data of the rest wells, correcting by adopting a peak method, calculating to obtain a difference value of the well logging curves of the standard wells and the wells to be measured by utilizing the curves screened out by the well logging data curve discrimination module, and completing the well logging data standardization of the rest wells in the research area.
And the lithology boundary generation module is used for carrying out Fisher discriminant analysis by using SPSS software, counting data of different lithologies, analyzing frequency distribution and comparing to obtain a lithology boundary.
And the lithology judging module is used for inputting the original logging data and the correction value (difference value) obtained by the logging data standardization processing module according to the divided lithology boundary so as to finish the identification of the lithology judgment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method selects key wells and standard layers, carries out well logging data standardization processing on other wells, reduces data errors, provides a basis for fine interpretation of lithology, preferably selects well logging curves sensitive to lithology to be intersected on coordinate axes, projects existing data points on a coordinate system, lays a cushion for dividing lithology boundaries, determines areas with different lithologies based on different falling points of different lithologies in the coordinate system, compiles an intersection diagram, and predicts the lithologies of other wells by using an established chart.
2. The method firstly determines the lithologic boundary by using a small amount of data, then establishes the identification chart, establishes the two-step method for identifying the lithologic property, identifies the large lithologic property firstly, identifies various lithologic properties, has high discrimination, can effectively identify the lithologic property and reaches the semi-quantitative standard.
Compared with the prior direct intersection graph method:
the direct intersection graph method adopts a conventional well logging series curve, has low recognition degree, can only achieve the condition of qualitative recognition, and cannot achieve the standard of fine lithology recognition. The lithology can be directly identified by establishing a lithology identification system, and a large amount of time for repeatedly utilizing plate casting points and then processing data by a direct intersection mapping method is reduced.
Drawings
1(a) -1 (b) are amplitude comparison graphs of logs of a thick mudstone section according to the invention;
FIG. 2(a) -FIG. 2(d) are schematic diagrams of lithology identification plates;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a lithology identification procedure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of lithology judgment and identification;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of lithology identification verification;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are described below clearly and completely, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
GR-natural gamma logging, SP-natural potential logging, DEN-density logging, AC-sonic time difference logging, RILD-deep induction logging;
API-natural gamma logging unit.
A system for identifying lithology based on a junction graph method comprises the following modules:
and the well logging data curve distinguishing module selects a well with existing well drilling data, carries out research and analysis on well logging, well logging and lithology of the well, selects any two curves from GR, SP, DEN, AC and RILD well logging curves to carry out cluster analysis in SPSS, and selects a well logging curve with high intersection map recognition degree.
And the well logging data standardization processing module is used for determining the standard wells and the standard layers according to the selection principle of the standard wells and the standard layers in the petroleum well logging data standardization, inputting data of the rest wells, correcting by adopting a peak method, calculating to obtain a difference value of the well logging curves of the standard wells and the wells to be measured by utilizing the curves screened out by the well logging data curve discrimination module, and completing the well logging data standardization of the rest wells in the research area.
And the lithology boundary generation module is used for carrying out Fisher discriminant analysis by using SPSS software, counting data of different lithologies, analyzing frequency distribution and comparing to obtain a lithology boundary.
And the lithology judging module is used for inputting the original logging data and the correction value (difference value) obtained by the logging data standardization processing module according to the divided lithology boundary so as to finish the identification of the lithology judgment.
As shown in fig. 6, a method for identifying lithology based on a junction graph method includes the following steps:
s01, selecting a logging interpretation series;
selecting a well with existing drilling information, researching and analyzing the well logging, well logging and lithology of the well, selecting any two of GR, SP, DEN, AC and RILD well logging curves to perform cluster analysis in SPSS, and selecting a well logging curve with high lithology recognition degree;
s02, carrying out normalization processing on logging data;
determining a standard well and a standard layer, wherein the selection principle of the standard well and the standard well is determined according to the selection principle of the standard well and the standard layer in the petroleum logging data standardization;
correcting logging curves of all wells in a research area by adopting a peak value method by taking the selected standard well as a standard, and calculating to obtain a difference value of the logging curves of the standard well and the well to be detected until the logging data standardization processing of the rest wells in the work area is completed;
s03, finely identifying the lithology by using a two-step lithology identification method,
performing Fisher discriminant analysis by SPSS software to divide lithology into three major categories including carbonate rock, sandstone rock and mudstone;
on the basis of completing the lithological major classification judgment, further utilizing a Fisher judgment model to continuously divide the lithological properties in each major classification into subclasses, such as: mudstone, grey mudstone, sandy mudstone, oil shale limestone, dolomite, marl, sandy limestone, sandstone, grey sandstone and argillaceous sandstone;
s04, performing statistical analysis on data of different lithological types, comparing frequencies of the data, and determining a lithological boundary and a lithological type;
and S05, inputting a correction value (difference value) obtained by the well logging data standardization processing module according to the divided lithological boundary to finish the identification of lithological judgment.
The further technical proposal is that in S03, the DEN value of carbonate rocks is more than 2.6g/cm3The DEN value amplitude of sandstone and mudstone is less than 2.6g/cm3And the GR amplitude of the sandstone is smaller than 62API, the GR amplitude of the mudstone is larger than 62API, and the DEN amplitude is 2.6g/cm3And GR amplitude 62API as a boundary value for discriminating the three major lithologies of the study area.
The further technical scheme is that in S03, the sandstone includes sandstone, gray sandstone and argillaceous sandstone, the GR amplitude of the gray sandstone is smaller than 44API, the sandstone is 44-56API, the argillaceous sandstone is larger than 56API, and the GR amplitudes of 44API and 56API are used as the boundary values of the sandstone, the gray sandstone and the argillaceous sandstone.
The further technical scheme is that the mudstone comprises mudstone, gray mudstone, sandy mudstone and oil shale, and the DEN amplitude of the gray mudstone is more than 2.4g/cm3The sandy mudstone is 2.28-2.4g/cm3And mudstone is less than 2.28g/cm3Amplitude of DEN is set to 2.28g/cm3And 2.4g/cm3As the boundary value of the gray mud rock, the sandy mud rock and the mudstone.
The further technical scheme is that carbonate rocks comprise limestone, dolomite, marl and sandy limestone, and DEN amplitudes of the limestone and the dolomite are both more than 2.6g/cm3When the GR amplitude is larger than 32API, the GR amplitude is dolostone and is smaller than 32API, the limestone amplitude is lower than 2.6g/cm, and the DEN amplitude of impurity limestone is lower than3The DEN amplitude is 2.6g/cm3As the boundary value of carbonate rock and impurity limestone, the GR amplitude 32API is used as the boundary value of limestone and dolomite.
Example 1.
A3-section sample of a Shahechu block in Bohai Bay basin Boxing hollow pure beam region is selected, and the sample has a small amount of core and slice data and a large amount of logging data. The lithology is judged by lacking visual data, the lithology needs to be identified through well logging interpretation, and the lithology is finely identified by adopting the method.
Taking fine lithology identification of samples at 3 sections of a sand river street group in Bohai Bay basin Boxing hollow pure beam region as an example.
(1) The method comprises the steps of selecting a well with existing well logging, well logging and lithology information, and conducting research and analysis on lithology, wherein the lithology of a research area is considered to be mainly mudstone and is inferior to sandstone and carbonate. Aiming at the main lithology of a research area, two curves in GR, SP, DEN, AC and RILD are selected in turn to carry out cluster analysis in SPSS software, and then the GR-AC and DEN-GR intersection graph is found to have high recognition degree, so that the lithology can be effectively distinguished. And selecting three logging curves of GR, AC and DEN to carry out logging data standardization. Here, an F120(F120 well is one of the wells to be selected) well is selected as a standard well and the thickest mudstone is selected as a standard layer according to the standard well and standard layer selection principle in the standardization of the petroleum logging data.
Correcting a well logging curve of an FY1 well to be measured (an FY1 well is a well to be measured) by using a peak value method with an F120 well as a standard well, and respectively reading GR and AC characteristic peak values of the well logging curves of the F120 well and the FY1 well (the FY1 well is one well in the research area) corresponding to a standard layer, as shown in fig. 1(a) -1 (b), calculating to obtain a difference value of the well logging curves of the FY1 well and the F120 well, wherein the GR is +10, the AC is +10, and the DEN is-0.09. The method is used for finally completing the standardization of logging data of the rest wells in the research area.
After discrimination is carried out through SPSS software, Fisher discrimination analysis is carried out to divide lithology into three major classes, including carbonate rock class, sandstone rock class and mudstone class;
on the basis of completing the lithological major classification judgment, further utilizing a Fisher judgment model to continuously divide the lithological properties in each major classification into minor classifications. Mudstone can be divided into mudstone, gray mudstone, sandy mudstone and oil shale; carbonate rocks can be classified as limestone, dolomite, marl, and sandy limestone; the sandstone can be divided into sandstone, gray sandstone and argillaceous sandstone.
And (3) performing statistical analysis on the data of different lithology types, comparing the frequencies of the data, and determining a lithology boundary. Firstly, the lithology is divided into three major categories including carbonate rock, sandstone rock and mudstone, and the DEN value of the carbonate rock in figure 2(a) is more than 2.6g/cm3The DEN value amplitude of sandstone and mudstone is less than 2.6g/cm3And the GR amplitude of sandstone is less than 62API, and the GR amplitude of shale is greater than 62 API. Thus, the DEN amplitude was 2.6g/cm3And GR amplitude 62API as a boundary value for discriminating the three major lithologies of the study area.
And on the basis of finishing the lithology major category identification, further continuously dividing the lithology in each major category into minor categories. For sandstone, including sandstone, limestone and argillaceous sandstone, as shown in fig. 2(b), the DEN and GR amplitudes are used to intersect, and the result shows that the DEN amplitudes of the three are relatively close, and the GR amplitudes are relatively large, specifically, the GR amplitude of the grey sandstone is smaller than 44API, the sandstone is 44-56API, and the argillaceous sandstone is greater than 56 API. Therefore, the GR amplitude values of 44API and 56API can be used as the boundary values of sandstone, gritty rock and argillaceous sandstone.
As shown in fig. 2(c), for the mudstone class including mudstone, gray mudstone, sandy mudstone and oil shale, the GR amplitude and the DEN amplitude are used for intersection, and the results show that the GR amplitudes of the three are close and are not easy to distinguish, and the DEN amplitude difference is obvious, specifically, the DEN amplitude of the gray mudstone is greater than 2.4g/cm3The sandy mudstone is 2.28-2.4g/cm3And mudstone is less than 2.28g/cm3. Thus, the DEN amplitude was set to 2.28g/cm3And 2.4g/cm3As the boundary value of the gray mud rock, the sandy mud rock and the mudstone.
Carbonates include limestone, dolomite, marl and sandstone limestone. The GR amplitude and the DEN amplitude are used for intersection, the result shows that the carbonate rock and the transitional lithology thereof can be distinguished by the DEN amplitude, the dolomite rock and the limestone rock are difficult to distinguish by the DEN amplitude, and the GR curve is used for separating the dolomite rock and the limestone rock. Specifically, DEN amplitudes of both limestone and dolomite are more than 2.6g/cm3When the GR amplitude is larger than 32API, the GR amplitude is dolostone and is smaller than 32API, the limestone amplitude is lower than 2.6g/cm, and the DEN amplitude of impurity limestone is lower than3As shown in fig. 2 (d). Thus, DEN amplitude was 2.6g/cm3As the boundary value of carbonate rock and impurity limestone, the GR amplitude 32API is used as the boundary value of limestone and dolomite.
As shown in FIG. 3, the lithology is recognized on the basis of the method, after the standardized correction value of the lithology is input at GRadd and DENadd, as shown in FIG. 4, the lithology judgment and the top and bottom depths are clicked, the model can correct the well logging curve according to the standardized correction value, the lithology corresponding to the original depth is judged, and the recognized lithology is generated.
As shown in fig. 5, in the section 3066m-3067.5m, the logging result is shown as marl, and the identification result by the lithology identification chart is shown as argillaceous sandstone; in the 3069m-3070m section, the logging result is displayed as grey mud rock, and the identification result of the lithology identification chart is used for displaying argillaceous sandstone; and in the section of 3070.5m-3073.5m, the logging results are displayed as mudstone and gray mudstone, the identification results of the lithology identification chart are used for displaying the argillaceous sandstone, and the identification results are all consistent with the core identification results.
In the embodiment, the lithology of the research area is analyzed, the lithology is rapidly determined by a new method and a new thought, the problems that the cross plot method is difficult to use and cannot meet the standard of fine lithology identification when rock cores, slices and logging information are lacked are solved on the basis that the cross plot method is simple to use, data are converted into graphs, and the lithology can be identified more rapidly and visually.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
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| CN115354992B (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2024-08-16 | 成都理工大学 | A coal-measure gas reservoir evaluation method based on gas-bearing characteristics of lithology combination |
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