CN114536744A - Spatial framework composite material based on multi-material 3D printing technology - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a space framework composite material based on a multi-material 3D printing technology, which belongs to the technical field of composite materials and comprises an internal space framework and an external coating shell, wherein the internal space framework comprises a plurality of same internal space unit structures, each internal space unit structure comprises a plurality of connecting balls and connecting rods, two end points of each connecting rod are respectively connected to two adjacent connecting balls, and the connecting part of each connecting ball and each connecting rod adopts circular arc transition. The invention has unique internal space skeleton structure, better compression resistance, bending resistance and shearing resistance; the combined surface of the rod and the ball adopts circular arc transition, so that better stress distribution performance is achieved; the nano silicon dioxide and the graphene oxide are added in the preparation of the basalt fiber composite material slurry, so that the mechanical property of the composite material can be effectively improved, and the composite material has the functions of sterilization, antistatic property, toughening, water resistance and the like; the 3D printing forming has higher processing forming speed and efficiency and higher precision.

Description

A space architecture composite material based on multi-material 3D printing technology

technical field

The invention relates to a space architecture composite material based on multi-material 3D printing technology, and belongs to the technical field of composite materials.

Background technique

The composite material is made of carbon fiber, glass fiber, aromatic polyester and other fibers and epoxy resin, metal matrix, ceramic matrix and other matrix, and is made by physical or chemical methods. The mechanical characteristics of high stiffness are used in various fields and industries in real life. The development of modern science and technology is inseparable from composite materials, and the development of composite materials also promotes the rapid development of science and technology, which plays an important role. The production scale of composite materials continues to expand, and the range of applications continues to expand.

Due to its large specific strength, specific surface area, and excellent impact resistance, reticulated space structures can be used as a way to achieve lightweight structures, and are widely used in aerospace, medical, automotive, and shipbuilding fields. Therefore, the structural design of the composite material in the mesh space can not only ensure that the composite material product meets the normal use requirements, but also can realize the lightweight design of the structure and save the material cost, which is of great practical significance.

Due to the complex structure of the mesh space, the traditional mold processing method is difficult to meet the processing and forming requirements, so it needs to be realized by 3D printing technology. 3D printing technology is a process in which connecting materials are made into real objects by stacking 3D model data layer by layer. 3D printing has the advantages of reduced material usage, labor costs and waste, as well as faster production times, freedom of customization and geometric complexity. Different from traditional manufacturing, 3D printed products need to be integrally formed, and each part of the product often needs to play a different role and needs to use a variety of materials. Therefore, multi-material 3D printing technology and equipment provide the possibility to promote large-scale precision manufacturing in modern industrialization. The multi-material multi-nozzle 3D printing technology enables fast, continuous and seamless switching between a variety of different printing materials through the use of high-speed pressure valves. This new technology can be applied to a print head with a single nozzle or a large multi-nozzle array, enabling the free switching of multiple materials during 3D printing.

The combination of multi-material 3D printing technology and composite materials can improve the application of composite materials in traditional manufacturing, make the mechanical properties and physical properties of printed parts more excellent, and realize low-cost, high-efficiency design, lightweight product design and personalized customization. . Therefore, the use of multi-material 3D printing to realize the processing and manufacture of composite products is becoming more and more extensive.

Basalt fiber composite material is one of the composite materials with good development potential in modern engineering applications. Basalt fiber composites are increasingly popular in engineering applications due to their various excellent mechanical properties. It has been widely used in aerospace engineering, vehicle engineering, marine engineering and construction engineering, and is an important component of various spacecraft, rockets, airplanes, high-speed trains, automobiles, ships, bridges, roads and buildings. Therefore, in order to popularize the application fields and applications of basalt fiber composite materials, the internal structure and forming method of basalt fiber composite materials must be optimized, which has met and adapted to the high requirements and high standards of social and economic development for basalt fiber composite materials. .

The patent with publication number CN113845756A discloses a preparation method of basalt fiber composite material, which uses basalt fiber as a matrix, and makes multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene nanosheets electrophoretically deposited on the basalt fiber through the electrophoretic deposition method. conductive network. Then, the surface of the basalt fiber attached with the multi-walled carbon nanotube and the graphene nanosheet is coated with a mixed solution of resin and curing agent, and the basalt fiber composite material is obtained by molding. The damage monitoring of the prepared basalt fiber composite material can be performed more conveniently, and defects caused to the material can be effectively avoided. However, the basalt fiber composite material prepared by this method is finally formed by compression molding. On the one hand, because the mold structure is relatively simple, the obtained basalt fiber composite material product structure is relatively simple, and the basalt fiber composite material product with complex spatial structure cannot be prepared. Can meet the diverse needs of the market. On the other hand, it is difficult to guarantee the quality of the finished basalt fiber composite materials due to defects such as poor filling, burrs and bonding lines that may occur in compression molding.

The patent with publication number CN108339979B discloses a method for preparing a three-dimensional network space structure composite material by 3D printing. The method first prepares ceramic metal composite powder, and uses 3D printing to perform layer-by-layer printing to form a three-dimensional network space metal matrix composite material prefabricated Then, pure metal powder is used to print the mesh space part in the preform to prepare a three-dimensional mesh space structure composite material. However, the three-dimensional network space structure composite material prepared by this method mainly has the following disadvantages: First, the composite material obtained by this preparation method is composed of a three-dimensional network space metal matrix composite material preform and a metal matrix. There is a problem of a large contact interface at the connection between the metal matrix composite material preform and the metal matrix in the three-dimensional network space. Due to the discontinuity of the two materials and mechanical properties at the contact interface, the stiffness and damping of the contact interface change, and eventually the contact interface will change. The dynamic characteristics that affect the overall structural performance of the composite material; secondly, the three-dimensional network space structure composite material prepared by this method has a cubic structure as a whole, and its specific surface area and space stiffness are small, so the composite material resists force in three-dimensional space The ability to elastically deform is also weak. The most important thing is that the three-dimensional network space structure composite materials prepared by this method are all right-angle transitions, which will cause the problem of stress concentration. In addition, there are many circular holes on the surface of the composite material, and the problem of stress concentration will also occur on the circumference of the circular hole, especially the circular hole near the edge.

Patent Publication No. CN110128144A discloses a metal-ceramic composite material, which includes a ceramic framework and a metal matrix. A ceramic skeleton is arranged inside the metal base, and the ceramic skeleton is a three-dimensional network structure composed of several hollow ceramic balls and several ceramic rods for connecting two adjacent hollow ceramic balls. The composite material mainly has the following shortcomings: on the one hand, the direct connection between the hollow ceramic ball and the ceramic rod lacks a circular arc transition. Due to the geometric abrupt change at the joint between the ball and the rod, there is an obvious problem of stress concentration, which is easy to produce at the joint. The fragile surface eventually weakens the fatigue safety factor of the material; on the other hand, the ceramic ball is a hollow structure. If the wall thickness of the ceramic ball is too small and the hollow proportion is large, the mechanical properties of the ceramic ball are poor, and the ceramic ball is prone to deformation. If the wall thickness of the ceramic ball is too large and the hollow proportion is small, it will cause material waste. Similarly, the ceramic rod is a solid structure, which cannot meet the lightweight design principle of composite materials.

The current patents on the preparation and processing of composite materials mainly focus on two aspects: on the one hand, optimizing and perfecting the composite material formula to improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of the composite material; on the other hand, improving the composite method and internal structure of the composite material, In order to improve the processing efficiency of composite materials, and various properties of composite materials. With basalt fiber as the main body, there are relatively few patents for preparing basalt fiber composite products with complex spatial structure. The unique design of the spatial network structure can achieve the optimal mechanical properties under the condition of light weight, and can make the mechanical properties of the structure in the three-dimensional direction of space more optimized. Therefore, the spatial network structure of the composite material can make better use of the composite material. Therefore, it is urgent to propose a basalt fiber composite material with a unique internal space structure, and then combine the 3D printing method to form and process, so as to realize the preparation of basalt fiber composite materials with complex spatial structure products, and push the basalt fiber composite material to a higher level. for a wide range of applications.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a space architecture composite material based on multi-material 3D printing technology. The composite material prepared according to the present invention has a unique internal space skeleton structure, and has better compression resistance, bending resistance, shear resistance and better stress distribution than composite materials of general structure. Secondly, the addition of nano-silica and graphene oxide during the preparation of basalt fiber composite slurry can not only effectively improve the mechanical properties of the composite, but also endow it with special functions, such as sterilization, antistatic, toughening, waterproofing, etc. . Finally, the composite material with the internal space skeleton structure is formed by 3D printing, which has faster processing speed and efficiency compared with mold forming, and the processing accuracy is also higher.

The first object of the present invention is to provide a space architecture composite material based on multi-material 3D printing technology, including an inner space skeleton and an outer cladding shell, wherein the inner space skeleton includes a plurality of identical inner space unit structures, each Each of the internal space unit structures includes a plurality of connecting balls and connecting rods, the two ends of the connecting rods are respectively connected to two adjacent connecting balls, and the connection between the connecting balls and the connecting rod adopts an arc transition, The arc radius R ₁ at the connecting ball and the connecting rod, the diameter D of the connecting ball and the diameter d of the connecting rod satisfy the following relationship: d≤R ₁ ≤D;

The connecting rods in the inner space skeleton are basalt fiber composite materials, the connecting balls in the inner space skeleton are silicon carbide ceramic composite materials; the outer cladding shells are concrete materials, ceramic composite materials and ceramic metal composite materials ;

The connecting ball includes an inner spherical shell, an outer spherical shell and an inner reinforcing rib of the connecting ball, the inner spherical shell and the outer spherical shell are arranged concentrically, and the inner spherical shell and the outer spherical shell are fixed by the internal reinforcing rib of the connecting ball connection; the inner reinforcing ribs of the connecting ball are symmetrically and uniformly arranged at the center of the sphere, the connection between the reinforcing ribs inside the connecting ball and the inner spherical shell and the outer spherical shell adopts arc transition, and the inner reinforcing ribs of the connecting ball are connected with the inner spherical shell. The arc radius R ₂ at the connection between the spherical shell and the outer spherical shell and the thickness t ₁ of the stiffener inside the connecting ball satisfy the following relationship: 0.5t ₁ ≤R ₂ ≤1.5t ₁ ;

The connecting rod includes an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder and an inner reinforcing rib of the connecting rod; the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are arranged concentrically, and the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are fixedly connected by the internal reinforcing rib of the connecting rod; the internal reinforcement of the connecting rod The ribs are arranged at equal intervals along the central axis, and the connection between the inner reinforcing rib of the connecting rod and the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder adopts an arc transition, and the arc radius R of the connection between the inner reinforcing rib of the connecting rod and the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder is R ₃ and the internal reinforcing rib thickness t ₂ of the connecting rod satisfy the following relationship: 0.5t ₂ ≤R ₃ ≤1.5t ₂ .

In an embodiment of the present invention, the basic shape of the internal space unit structure includes a regular cube, a regular tetrahedron and a regular hexahedron.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the connecting rod is a double-layer hollow cylindrical shape with a length-diameter ratio of 1:5; the connecting ball is a double-layer hollow spherical shell, and the diameter ratio of the connecting rod and the connecting ball is 1:1.5.

The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a basalt fiber composite material slurry, the method comprising the following steps:

Step 1. Use silane coupling agent, ethanol, pH adjuster, antistatic agent and water to prepare basalt fiber surface modification solution;

Step 2, adding chopped basalt fiber to the basalt fiber surface modification solution obtained in step 1, and stirring to obtain a basalt fiber emulsion;

Step 3, adding the composite material solution to the basalt fiber emulsion obtained in step 2 to obtain a basalt fiber composite emulsion;

Step 4, adding binder and curing agent to step 3 to obtain the basalt fiber composite emulsion, and stirring to obtain basalt fiber composite slurry I;

Step 5. Put the basalt fiber composite slurry I obtained in step 4 into a planetary ball mill for stirring and grinding to obtain basalt fiber composite slurry II;

Step 6. Filter the basalt fiber composite slurry II obtained in step 5 with a filter screen to obtain basalt fiber composite slurry III;

Step 7. Load the basalt fiber composite slurry III obtained in step 6 into the 3D printing nozzle, and then load the 3D printing nozzle into the three-dimensional composite configuration direct writing modeling system for printing.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the composite material solution in step 3 includes an inorganic composite material solution and an organic composite material solution; the inorganic composite material solution includes nano-silica; the organic composite material solution includes polyamide .

In an embodiment of the present invention, the adhesive in the step 4 is epoxy resin, and the curing agent is epoxy resin curing agent.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the three-dimensional composite configuration direct writing modeling system in step 7 includes two independent printing nozzles, one of which is filled with basalt fiber composite slurry, and the other nozzle is filled with silicon carbide ceramic composite slurry. Material slurry.

The third object of the present invention is to provide a printing method for a space architecture composite material based on a multi-material 3D printing technology, and the printing method for a space architecture composite material based on the multi-material 3D printing technology includes the following steps:

Step1. Use 3D modeling software to establish a composite material model with a spatial structure, and after generating the STL file, import the file into the slicing software for processing;

Step2, add support structure;

Step3. Set the slice parameters;

Step4, set the printing parameters;

Step 5. Perform post-processing, and finally obtain a composite material model with a spatial architecture.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the slicing parameters include layer height, length and width, printing speed and filling rate; and the printing parameters include nozzle temperature, hot bed temperature, and printing speed.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the post-processing includes deburring, polishing, high-pressure air cleaning, and sandblasting and coloring on the model after printing.

beneficial effect

1. The composite material with a spatial structure proposed by the present invention has uniform stress distribution and no stress concentration problem. The internal space skeleton structure proposed by the invention is unique. The internal space skeleton structure is composed of connecting balls and connecting rods, which can bear the force in three-dimensional space. , the connecting rods and the connecting balls support each other and work together, and there is an arc transition between the connecting rods and the connecting balls. Therefore, the stress distribution at the joint surface of each connecting rod and the connecting ball is uniform. Compared with the composite material of the traditional structure, the composite material with the spatial structure proposed by the present invention has greater spatial rigidity, so the composite material of the structure has better integrity and stronger anti-interference ability. In addition, the present invention proposes that the composite material with space structure also has larger specific strength and specific surface area, and is superior to the traditional composite material in terms of compression resistance and shear resistance.

2. The composite material with space structure proposed by the present invention can better satisfy the principle of lightweight design. The connecting ball in the present invention is a double-layer hollow spherical shell structure, and the connecting rod is a double-layer hollow cylindrical structure, both of which are relatively symmetrical and stable. On the premise of achieving the required mechanical properties, it can minimize the dead weight of the structure and meet certain service life and reliability requirements.

3. The composite material with space structure proposed by the present invention has the characteristics of integrity, balance and stability. The composite material with the space structure proposed by the present invention is composed of a plurality of internal space units with the same structure, which not only makes the internal structure of the composite material more symmetrical and regular, improves the overall balance and stability of the composite material, but also reduces the number of composite materials. The difficulty of 3D printing of materials and the improvement of printing efficiency.

4. The composite material with space structure proposed by the present invention, the inner space unit connecting ball is made of silicon carbide ceramic matrix composite material, which has good bonding with basalt fiber composite material, and can effectively improve the strength of the joint. In addition, it also has the advantages of high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, wear resistance, low density, corrosion resistance, etc., which can improve the overall performance of composite materials.

5. The composite material with a spatial structure proposed by the present invention adds graphene oxide in the process of preparing the basalt fiber composite material slurry, which can increase the functional groups and surface roughness on the surface of the basalt fiber, and improve the gap between the basalt fiber and the epoxy resin. The interfacial adhesion properties of the composites are improved, and the interlaminar shear strength, tensile strength and toughness of the composites are improved.

6. The composite material with a spatial structure proposed by the present invention adds nano-silica in the process of preparing the basalt fiber composite material slurry, which can improve the surface roughness and lipophilicity of the basalt fiber, and improve the relationship between the basalt fiber and the epoxy resin. The interfacial compatibility enhances the mechanical properties of composites. In addition, nano-silica has the characteristics of bactericidal, antistatic, anti-ultraviolet radiation and waterproof, which can be retained in the composite material.

7. The composite material with space structure proposed by the present invention not only has excellent mechanical properties, but also has the advantages of high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, light weight, etc., and can be applied in various industrial fields such as aerospace, automobile, transportation and shipbuilding. .

8. The composite material with a spatial structure proposed by the present invention is formed by 3D printing, which has higher processing precision and processing efficiency compared with the traditional mold forming processing method.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the flow chart of preparation of basalt fiber composite material slurry of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the printing flow chart of the space architecture composite material based on the multi-material 3D printing technology of the present invention;

3 is a schematic diagram of a single tetrahedral space internal unit structure of the present invention;

4 is a schematic diagram of a plurality of cube-shaped internal space skeleton structures of the present invention;

5 is a schematic diagram of the arc transition structure at the joint of the connecting ball and the connecting rod of the present invention;

6 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the arc transition dimensions at the joint of the connecting ball and the connecting rod of the present invention;

Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the "honeycomb" type composite material of the present invention;

8 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the connecting ball of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the connecting rod of the present invention.

Among them: 1. Connecting ball; 2. Connecting rod; 3. External cladding shell; 11. Outer spherical shell; 12. Inner spherical shell; 13. Internal reinforcing rib of connecting ball; The inner cylinder of the rod; 23. The inner reinforcing rib of the connecting rod.

Detailed ways

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. Wherein the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals. It should be noted that the words "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings. The terms "inner" and "outer" are used to refer to directions toward or away from the geometric center of a particular component, respectively.

Example 1

A space architecture composite material based on multi-material 3D printing technology, as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6 and Figure 7, the space architecture composite material based on multi-material 3D printing technology includes internal space skeleton and The outer cladding shell 3, the inner space skeleton includes a plurality of identical inner space unit structures, each of the inner space unit structures includes a plurality of connecting balls 1 and connecting rods 2, and the two ends of the connecting rod 2 are respectively Connected on two adjacent connecting balls 1, the connection between the connecting ball 1 and the connecting rod 2 adopts a circular arc transition, and the arc radius R1 at the connecting ball ₁ and the connecting rod 2 is between the connecting ball 1 and the connecting rod 2. Between the diameter D and the diameter d of the connecting rod 2, that is, the arc radius R ₁ between the connecting ball 1 and the connecting rod 2, the diameter D of the connecting ball 1 and the diameter d of the connecting rod 2 satisfy the following relationship: d≤R ₁ ≤D; A plurality of adjacent connecting rods 2 enclose the basic shape of the interior space unit structure. The basic shape of the internal space unit structure includes a regular cube, a regular tetrahedron or a regular hexahedron and other structures.

The connecting rods 2 in the internal space framework are basalt fiber composite materials, and the connecting balls 1 in the internal space framework are silicon carbide ceramic composite materials. The material of the outer cladding shell 3 can be selected according to specific uses and needs. For example, concrete materials can be used in the field of construction; ceramic composite materials can be used in fields such as precision instruments, aerospace, and automobiles; The material can be used in large machinery, bridge fields, etc. The composite material with space structure is processed and formed by means of 3D printing. The chopped basalt fibers used in this example have a diameter of 10 μm, a length of 1 to 10 μm, and an aspect ratio of 0.1 to 1.

As shown in FIG. 3 , FIG. 4 , FIG. 5 , FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 , the shape and size of the connecting rod 2 and the connecting ball 1 are the same. The connecting rod 2 is cylindrical with a length-diameter ratio of 1:5. The connecting ball 1 is spherical, and the ratio of the diameter of the connecting rod 2 to the connecting ball 1 is 1:1.5.

As shown in FIG. 8 , the connecting ball 1 is a double-layer hollow spherical shell structure, and the connecting ball 1 includes an inner spherical shell 12 , an outer spherical shell 11 and an inner reinforcing rib 13 of the connecting ball. The inner spherical shell 12 and The outer spherical shell 11 is concentrically arranged, and the inner spherical shell 12 and the outer spherical shell 11 are fixedly connected by the internal reinforcing ribs 13 of the connecting ball; The connection between the inner rib 13 of the ball and the inner spherical shell 12 and the outer spherical shell ₁₁ adopts a circular arc transition. Between 0.5 times the thickness t _{1 of the internal reinforcing rib 13 of the connecting ball and 1.5 times the thickness t 1 of} the internal reinforcing rib 13 of the connecting ball, that is, the connection between the internal reinforcing rib 13 of the connecting ball and the inner spherical shell 12 and the outer spherical shell 11. The arc radius R ₂ and the thickness t ₁ of the inner reinforcing rib 13 of the connecting ball satisfy the following relational expression: 0.5t ₁ ≤R ₂ ≤1.5t ₁ .

As shown in FIG. 9 , the connecting rod 2 is a double-layer hollow cylindrical structure, and the connecting rod 2 includes an inner cylinder 22, an outer cylinder 21 and an inner reinforcing rib 23 of the connecting rod; the inner cylinder 22 and the outer cylinder 21 are concentric The inner cylinder 22 and the outer cylinder 21 are fixedly connected by the internal reinforcing ribs 23 of the connecting rod; the internal reinforcing ribs 23 of the connecting rod are arranged at equal intervals along the central axis, and the internal reinforcing ribs 23 of the connecting rod and the inner cylinder 22 and The connection of the outer cylinder 21 adopts arc transition, and the arc radius R ₃ of the connection between the inner rib 23 of the connecting rod and the inner cylinder 22 and the outer cylinder 21 is between 0.5 times the thickness t ₂ of the inner rib 23 of the connecting rod. and 1.5 times the thickness t ₂ of the internal reinforcing rib 23 of the connecting rod, that is, the arc radius R ₃ at the connection between the internal reinforcing rib 23 of the connecting rod and the inner cylinder 22 and the outer cylinder 21 and the thickness t ₂ of the internal reinforcing rib 23 of the connecting rod satisfy The relationship is as follows: 0.5t ₂ ≤R ₃ ≤1.5t ₂ .

Example 2

As shown in FIG. 1 , the inner space skeleton and the outer cladding shell both contain basalt fiber composite material. This embodiment provides a method for preparing a basalt fiber composite material slurry. The basalt fiber composite material slurry preparation includes: Follow the steps below:

Step 1. Use silane coupling agent, ethanol, pH adjuster, antistatic agent and water to prepare basalt fiber surface modification solution;

Step 2, adding chopped basalt fiber to the basalt fiber surface modification solution obtained in step 1, and stirring to obtain a basalt fiber emulsion;

Step 3, adding the composite material solution to the basalt fiber emulsion obtained in step 2 to obtain a basalt fiber composite emulsion;

Step 4, adding binder and curing agent to step 3 to obtain the basalt fiber composite emulsion, and stirring to obtain basalt fiber composite slurry I;

Step 5. Put the basalt fiber composite slurry I obtained in step 4 into a planetary ball mill for stirring and grinding to obtain basalt fiber composite slurry II;

Step 6. Filter the basalt fiber composite slurry II obtained in step 5 with a filter screen to obtain basalt fiber composite slurry III;

Step 7. Load the basalt fiber composite slurry III obtained in step 6 into the 3D printing nozzle, and then load the 3D printing nozzle into the three-dimensional composite configuration direct writing modeling system to start printing.

The composite material solution in the step 3 includes an inorganic composite material solution (such as nano-silica) and an organic composite material solution (such as polyamide). In this embodiment, the inorganic composite material solution selected includes nano-silica and amic acid to prepare the composite material solution and graphene oxide and amic acid to prepare the composite material solution. It can effectively enhance the interface adhesion between the basalt fiber and the epoxy resin, and improve the interlaminar shear strength of the composite material.

The adhesive in the step 4 is epoxy resin, and the curing agent is epoxy resin curing agent (E-33), wherein the mass ratio of epoxy resin and curing agent is 3:1.

The three-dimensional composite configuration direct writing modeling system in the step 7 includes two independent printing nozzles, one of which is filled with basalt fiber composite slurry, and the other nozzle is filled with silicon carbide ceramic composite slurry.

Example 3

As shown in FIG. 2 , this embodiment provides a printing method for spatial architecture composite materials based on multi-material 3D printing technology, including the following steps:

Step1. Use SolidWorks, 3Dmax and other three-dimensional modeling software to establish a composite material model with a spatial structure. After generating an STL file, import the file into the slicing software for processing;

Step2, add support structure;

Step3. Set the slice parameters;

Step4, set the printing parameters;

Step 5. Perform post-processing, and finally obtain a composite material model with a spatial architecture.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the slicing parameters specifically include layer height, length and width, printing speed, filling rate, and the like. The printing parameters specifically include nozzle temperature, hot bed temperature, printing speed, and the like. The post-processing includes processes such as deburring, polishing, high-pressure air cleaning, and sandblasting and coloring on the printed model.

As shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 7, the composite material with the spatial structure can be processed into a variety of different structures by 3D printing, such as cube shape, diamond shape, hexagon shape and so on. It can also generate the required spatial architecture model through 3D scanning in combination with reverse engineering according to the actual needs of users.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Within the spirit and principle of the present invention, any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A space architecture composite material based on multi-material 3D printing technology, characterized in that it comprises an internal space skeleton and an external cladding shell, and the internal space skeleton comprises a plurality of identical internal space unit structures, each of which The internal space unit structure includes a plurality of connecting balls and connecting rods, the two ends of the connecting rods are respectively connected to two adjacent connecting balls, and the connection between the connecting balls and the connecting rod adopts an arc transition, and the connection The arc radius R ₁ between the ball and the connecting rod, the diameter D of the connecting ball and the diameter d of the connecting rod satisfy the following relationship: d≤R ₁ ≤D; The connecting rods in the inner space skeleton are basalt fiber composite materials, the connecting balls in the inner space skeleton are silicon carbide ceramic composite materials; the outer cladding shells are concrete materials, ceramic composite materials and ceramic metal composite materials ; The connecting ball includes an inner spherical shell, an outer spherical shell and an inner reinforcing rib of the connecting ball, the inner spherical shell and the outer spherical shell are arranged concentrically, and the inner spherical shell and the outer spherical shell are fixed by the internal reinforcing rib of the connecting ball connection; the inner reinforcing ribs of the connecting ball are symmetrically and uniformly arranged at the center of the sphere, the connection between the reinforcing ribs inside the connecting ball and the inner spherical shell and the outer spherical shell adopts arc transition, and the inner reinforcing ribs of the connecting ball are connected with the inner spherical shell. The arc radius R ₂ at the connection between the spherical shell and the outer spherical shell and the thickness t ₁ of the stiffener inside the connecting ball satisfy the following relationship: 0.5t ₁ ≤R ₂ ≤1.5t ₁ ; The connecting rod includes an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder and an inner reinforcing rib of the connecting rod; the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are arranged concentrically, and the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are fixedly connected by the internal reinforcing rib of the connecting rod; the internal reinforcement of the connecting rod The ribs are arranged at equal intervals along the central axis, and the connection between the inner reinforcing rib of the connecting rod and the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder adopts an arc transition, and the arc radius R of the connection between the inner reinforcing rib of the connecting rod and the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder is R ₃ and the internal reinforcing rib thickness t ₂ of the connecting rod satisfy the following relationship: 0.5t ₂ ≤R ₃ ≤1.5t ₂ . 2 . The space architecture composite material based on multi-material 3D printing technology according to claim 1 , wherein the basic shape of the internal space unit structure includes a regular cube, a regular tetrahedron and a regular hexahedron. 3 . 3 . The space architecture composite material based on multi-material 3D printing technology according to claim 2 , wherein the connecting rod is a double-layer hollow cylindrical shape with an aspect ratio of 1:5; the connecting ball is a double-layer hollow cylinder. 4 . The layer has a hollow spherical shell shape, and the diameter ratio of the connecting rod to the connecting ball is 1:1.5. 4. A method for preparing basalt fiber composite material slurry, wherein the method for preparing basalt fiber composite material slurry comprises the following steps: Step 1. Use silane coupling agent, ethanol, pH adjuster, antistatic agent and water to prepare basalt fiber surface modification solution; Step 2, adding chopped basalt fiber to the basalt fiber surface modification solution obtained in step 1, and stirring to obtain a basalt fiber emulsion; Step 3, adding the composite material solution to the basalt fiber emulsion obtained in step 2 to obtain a basalt fiber composite emulsion; Step 4, adding binder and curing agent to step 3 to obtain the basalt fiber composite emulsion, and stirring to obtain basalt fiber composite slurry I; Step 5. Put the basalt fiber composite slurry I obtained in step 4 into a planetary ball mill for stirring and grinding to obtain basalt fiber composite slurry II; Step 6. Filter the basalt fiber composite slurry II obtained in step 5 with a filter screen to obtain basalt fiber composite slurry III; Step 7. Load the basalt fiber composite slurry III obtained in step 6 into the 3D printing nozzle, and then load the 3D printing nozzle into the three-dimensional composite configuration direct writing modeling system for printing. 5 . The method for preparing basalt fiber composite material slurry according to claim 4 , wherein the composite material solution in the step 3 comprises an inorganic composite material solution and an organic composite material solution; the inorganic composite material solution comprises a nanocomposite material solution. 6 . silica; the organic composite solution includes polyamide. 6 . The method for preparing basalt fiber composite material slurry according to claim 4 , wherein the adhesive in the step 4 is epoxy resin, and the curing agent is epoxy resin curing agent. 7 . 7 . The method for preparing basalt fiber composite material slurry according to claim 4 , wherein the three-dimensional composite configuration direct writing modeling system in step 7 comprises two independent printing nozzles, one of which is filled with basalt fibers. 8 . Composite slurry, another nozzle is filled with silicon carbide ceramic composite slurry. 8. A method for printing space architecture composite materials based on multi-material 3D printing technology, wherein the method for printing space architecture composite materials based on multi-material 3D printing technology comprises the following steps: Step1. Use 3D modeling software to establish a composite material model with a spatial structure, and after generating the STL file, import the file into the slicing software for processing; Step2, add support structure; Step3, set the slice parameters; Step4, set the printing parameters; Step 5. Perform post-processing, and finally obtain a composite material model with a spatial architecture. 9 . The method for printing spatial architecture composite materials based on multi-material 3D printing technology according to claim 8 , wherein the slicing parameters include layer height, length and width, printing speed and filling rate; the printing parameters include Nozzle temperature, hot bed temperature, printing speed. 10 . The method for printing spatial architecture composite materials based on multi-material 3D printing technology according to claim 8 , wherein the post-processing includes deburring, polishing, high-pressure air cleaning and spraying on the model after printing. 11 . Sand coloring.

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