CN106853708B - Buoyancy compensation type crashworthiness energy-absorbing composite material by multilayer array configuration module - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of buoyancy compensation type hybrid composite crashworthiness energy-absorbing Sandwich structure, including surface layer hybrid composite laminate structures and laminboard layer solid buoyancy core material.Surface layer hybrid composite and laminboard layer solid buoyancy material size are based on structural mechanical property and crashworthiness energy absorbing efficiency optimizes, optimize angle with the fibre resin mass ratio of optimization, hybrid ply scheme and laying, and curing molding is hybrid composite crashworthiness energy-absorbing Sandwich structure next time in normal temperature condition.The present invention is while meeting Impact on Shielding Structure Underwater crashworthiness energy-absorbing requirement, moreover it is possible to provide certain reserve buoyancy for structure platform, solve the contradictory problems that submerged structure crashworthiness barrier propterty requires and structure platform design weight limits.

Description

Buoyancy-compensated crash-resistant and energy-absorbing composite multi-layer array structure module

technical field

The invention relates to the application field of fiber-reinforced resin-based composite material sandwich structures, in particular to a buoyancy-compensated composite material multi-layer array crash-resistant and energy-absorbing structural module.

Background technique

Composite materials have the advantages of high specific strength, high specific stiffness, strong specific energy absorption, and good designability, and have received increasing attention in the field of structural protection engineering. However, in some special or extreme use environments, not only the protective structure is required to have excellent energy-absorbing properties, but also to have better environmental adaptability and other special properties. For example, the design of the non-pressure inboard collision protection structure of the underwater structural platform not only puts forward higher requirements on the crashworthiness protection performance of the protective structure, but also requires the protective structure to provide a certain reserve buoyancy for the underwater structural platform.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a buoyancy-compensated composite material multi-layer array crash-resistant and energy-absorbing structural module, which includes alternately stacked hybrid composite material crash-resistant and energy-absorbing sandwich panels (1) and fiber winding Composite material solid crash-resistant and energy-absorbing structural unit (2); the hybrid composite material crash-resistant and energy-absorbing sandwich panel (1) is composed of a hybrid surface layer (3) and a buoyancy sandwich layer (4), and the fiber winding composite The material solid-core crashworthy energy-absorbing structural unit (2) is composed of a fiber-wound surface layer (5) including a fiber-reinforced composite material layer and an internal buoyancy core material (6).

Optionally, the hybrid surface layer (3) is a hybrid composite laminate structure formed by alternately stacking metal layers and fiber-reinforced composite material layers, and the metal layer is selected from an aluminum alloy model with good seawater corrosion resistance to form an aluminum alloy layer , and optimize the thickness size based on structural mechanical properties and crashworthy energy absorption efficiency; the hybrid surface layer (3) adopts an optimization scheme based on structural mechanical properties and crashworthy energy absorption efficiency, the thickness of the aluminum alloy layer and the fiber reinforced composite material layer The ratio range is 0.2~0.5, and the fiber layup angle range is ±30°~±60°.

Optionally, the buoyancy sandwich layer (4) is located between two hybrid skin layers (3) and its thickness is greater than the sum of the thicknesses of the upper and lower hybrid skin layers (3); the winding skin layer (5) is completely covered by the inner buoyancy core material (6) On the surface, the internal buoyancy core (6) has an ellipsoidal geometric profile.

Optionally, the fiber-reinforced composite material layer in the hybrid surface layer (3) and the fiber-wound surface layer (5) selects a marine environment-adaptable fiber resin system, and the quality of the fiber resin is determined based on different process molding methods and crashworthiness and energy-absorbing efficiency. Optimization of ply ratio, ply angle and ply thickness.

Optionally, the fiber-reinforced composite material layer in the hybrid surface layer (3) and the fiber-wound surface layer (5) uses glass fiber or aramid fiber as the reinforcing fiber, polyester resin and vinyl ester resin as the resin matrix, and the fiber The resin mass ratio is within the range of 0.7-1.2.

Optionally, the buoyancy sandwich layer (4) and the internal buoyancy core material (6) are made of lightweight high-strength deep-sea solid buoyancy materials with a density range of 300kg/m3~600kg/m3 and a hydrostatic compressive strength of 5MPa~30MPa , the dynamic yield strength is 50~100MPa, and has a typical elastic-plastic constitutive characteristic relationship, the linear elastic strain range is 0~0.1, the plastic section strain range is 0.1~0.6, and the final stage is the dense compaction section.

Optionally, the buoyancy sandwich layer (4) and internal buoyancy core material (6) are selected from deep-sea light-weight high-strength solid buoyancy materials, and the thickness and geometric profile are optimized based on buoyancy compensation efficiency and crashworthiness energy absorption efficiency.

Optionally, the hybrid composite material crash-resistant and energy-absorbing sandwich panel (1) and the fiber-wound composite material solid-core crash-resistant and energy-absorbing unit (2) adopt the RTM vacuum forming process and the wet winding forming process respectively. In the next curing molding, a complete underwater lightweight buoyancy-compensated hybrid composite crash-resistant and energy-absorbing sandwich panel (1) and composite solid-core crash-resistant and energy-absorbing structural unit (2) are formed.

Optionally, the fiber winding surface layer (5) adopts a winding line optimization scheme based on structural mechanical properties and a wet winding forming process, the winding angle ranges from 15 degrees to 45 degrees, and the tension design is 5N to 30N. The internal buoyancy core material (6) adopts the ellipsoidal geometric line characteristics obtained based on the optimized design of the structural mechanical properties and the matching characteristics of the fiber winding surface layer (5). The ratio A/B of the major axis to the minor axis of the spherical wire ranges from 1.6 to 1.0, and the ratio T/B of the length of the minor axis of the fiber winding surface layer (5) to the ellipsoid internal buoyancy core material (6) ranges from 0.01 to 0.06.

Optionally, the ratio of the thickness of the hybrid composite material crash-resistant energy-absorbing sandwich panel (1) to the distance between the central axes of the adjacent fiber-wound composite material solid crash-resistant energy-absorbing structural unit (2) ranges from 0.15 to 0.30; adjacent fibers The ratio of the central axis distance to the short axis length of the structural unit of the solid crashworthy energy-absorbing structural unit (2) of the wound composite material ranges from 1.5 to 3.0.

The buoyancy compensation type hybrid composite material impact-resistant and energy-absorbing sandwich panel structure of the present invention comprises a surface layer hybrid composite material laminated structure and a sandwich layer solid buoyancy core material. The size of the surface hybrid composite material and the solid buoyancy material of the sandwich layer is optimized based on the structural mechanical properties and crashworthiness energy absorption efficiency, with the optimized fiber-resin mass ratio, hybrid lay-up scheme and lay-up optimization angle, and once at room temperature It is solidified and formed into a hybrid composite material crash-resistant and energy-absorbing sandwich panel structure. While satisfying the crashworthiness and energy absorption requirements of the underwater protection structure, the invention can also provide a certain buoyancy reserve for the structure platform, and solve the conflicting problem between the performance requirements of the crashworthiness protection performance of the underwater structure and the design weight limit of the structure platform.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a buoyancy compensation type crashworthy energy-absorbing composite material multi-layer array structure module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a hybrid composite crash-resistant and energy-absorbing sandwich panel in a buoyancy-compensated crash-resistant and energy-absorbing composite material multi-layer array structure module described in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a solid core crashworthy and energy-absorbing structural unit of a fiber-wound composite material in a buoyancy-compensated crashworthy and energy-absorbing composite material multi-layer array structure module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention proposes and designs a novel underwater lightweight buoyancy-compensated composite material multi-layer array crash-resistant energy-absorbing structure module, which not only meets the functional requirements of the underwater structure platform crash-resistant protection structure, but also can be an underwater The structural platform provides a certain reserve buoyancy.

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Advantages and features of the present invention will be apparent from the following description and claims. It should be noted that the drawings are all in a very simplified form and use imprecise ratios, which are only used to facilitate and clearly assist the purpose of illustrating the embodiments of the present invention.

The buoyancy-compensated composite multi-layer array crashworthy and energy-absorbing structure module of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, includes a hybrid composite material crashproof and energy-absorbing sandwich panel 1 and a fiber-wound composite material solid core crashworthy and energy-absorbing structural unit 2 . As shown in Figure 2, the crashworthy energy-absorbing sandwich panel 1 of the hybrid composite material is composed of the hybrid surface layer 3 and the buoyancy sandwich layer 4; as shown in Figure 3, the solid crashworthy energy-absorbing structural unit 2 of the fiber wound composite It is composed of winding surface layer 5 and internal buoyancy core material 6 .

The hybrid surface layer 3 is a hybrid composite laminate structure formed by alternately stacking metal layers and fiber-reinforced composite material layers. The buoyancy sandwich layer 4 is located between the two hybrid skin layers 3 and its thickness is much greater than that of the upper and lower hybrid skin layers 3 . The fiber-wound surface layer 5 is completely covered on the surface of the inner core material 6, and the thickness of the fiber-wound surface layer 5 is much smaller than the size of the inner buoyancy core material 6, and the inner buoyancy core material 6 has the characteristic of ellipsoidal geometric profile.

The metal layer in the mixed surface layer 3 is selected from an aluminum alloy type with good seawater corrosion resistance, and the thickness size is optimized based on structural mechanical properties and crashworthiness energy absorption efficiency. The fiber-reinforced composite material layer in the winding surface layer 5 and the hybrid surface layer 3 selects a marine environment-adaptable fiber resin system, and optimizes the fiber-resin mass ratio, lay-up angle, and lay-up thickness based on different process molding methods and crashworthiness and energy-absorbing efficiency; The buoyancy sandwich layer 4 and the internal buoyancy core material 6 are selected from deep-sea light-weight high-strength solid buoyancy materials, and the thickness and geometric profile are optimized based on buoyancy compensation efficiency and impact resistance and energy absorption efficiency.

The crash-resistant and energy-absorbing sandwich panel 1 of hybrid composite material and the solid-core crash-resistant and energy-absorbing unit 2 of fiber-wound composite material respectively adopt the RTM vacuum forming process and the wet winding forming process, and are cured and molded at one time under normal temperature conditions to form a complete underwater structure. A lightweight buoyancy-compensated hybrid composite crash-resistant and energy-absorbing sandwich panel 1 and a solid-core crash-resistant and energy-absorbing structural unit 2 of composite materials. Based on the design of the hybrid composite material crash-resistant and energy-absorbing sandwich panel 1 and the fiber-wound composite material solid core crash-resistant and energy-absorbing structural unit 2, the composite material is formed after the layout scheme is optimized based on the mechanical properties and energy absorption efficiency of the overall module Multi-layer array crashworthy protective structure module.

In the above technical solution, the hybrid surface layer 3 is alternately superimposed and bonded with the buoyancy sandwich layer 4 to form a hybrid composite material impact-resistant and energy-absorbing sandwich panel structure, which is integrally solidified and formed under normal temperature conditions by using RTM vacuum forming technology. Ensure that the performance of the composite interface between the hybrid surface layer 3 and the buoyancy sandwich layer 4 is intact and the integrity of the sandwich panel structure is ensured.

In the above technical solution, the aluminum alloy model selected in the hybrid surface layer 3, and the fiber resin system, including glass reinforced fiber and vinyl ester resin matrix, all have good comprehensive mechanical properties and seawater corrosion resistance, and the composite After curing and molding, the fiber-resin interface performance is good, and the mass ratio of fiber-resin is optimized to achieve the best ratio. The buoyancy sandwich layer 4 is a solid buoyancy material filled with vinyl ester series of hollow glass microspheres, which has good mechanical properties and compatibility with the fiber-reinforced composite material layer in the hybrid surface layer 3, and further strengthens the hybrid surface layer 3 and Composite interface properties between buoyancy sandwich layers 4.

In the above technical solution, the hybrid surface layer 3 and the buoyancy sandwich layer 4 adopt an optimization scheme based on structural mechanical properties and crashworthiness energy absorption efficiency, including the thickness of the hybrid surface layer and the sandwich layer, the laying angle of the fiber composite material layer, and the number of layers and single-layer aluminum alloy thickness.

In the above technical solution, the winding surface layer 5 is completely wrapped on the surface of the inner core material 6 by a wet winding method to form a solid-core crash-resistant energy-absorbing structural unit, which is integrally cured and formed under normal temperature conditions to ensure the solid-core crash-resistant energy-absorbing structure integrity of the unit. The composite interface between the winding surface layer 5 and the internal core material 6 is glued, and the wet winding plus tension design and integrated curing molding process ensure that the composite interface performance between the winding surface layer 5 and the internal core material 6 is intact.

In the above technical solution, the fiber resin system selected for the fiber winding surface layer 5, including glass fiber and vinyl ester resin matrix, has good mechanical properties and seawater corrosion resistance, and the fiber resin interface performance after composite curing is good. , the mass ratio of fiber and resin is optimized to achieve the best ratio. The internal buoyancy core material 6 is a solid buoyancy material filled with vinyl ester series of hollow glass microspheres, which has better mechanical properties and compatibility with the fiber-wound surface layer 5, and further strengthens the fiber-wound surface layer 5 and the internal buoyancy core material 6. Composite interface properties between them.

In the above technical solution, the fiber winding surface layer 5 adopts a winding line optimization scheme based on structural mechanical properties and wet winding molding process, including winding angle, winding thickness and winding tension. The internal buoyancy core material 6 adopts the ellipsoidal geometric line feature obtained by optimizing the design based on the structural mechanical properties and the matching characteristics of the fiber-wound surface layer 5 .

In the above technical scheme, on the basis of the design of the hybrid composite material crash-resistant energy-absorbing sandwich panel 1 and the fiber-wound composite material solid-core crash-resistant energy-absorbing structural unit 2, the layout scheme is optimized based on the mechanical properties and energy absorption efficiency of the overall module Composite multi-layer array crashworthy protective structure modules are formed after design.

In a specific embodiment, the aluminum alloy selected for the hybrid surface layer 3 is marine 5052 type, and the fiber resin system of the fiber-reinforced composite material layer is S-glass fiber of SW220 type produced by Nanjing Fiberglass Research Institute and Nanjing Jinling DSM The 430LV epoxy-modified vinyl ester resin produced by the company, and the buoyancy sandwich layer 4 is the HW50 lightweight deep-sea solid buoyancy material produced by Hubei Xianning Haiwei Composite Material Co., Ltd. Chemical cleaning-phosphoric acid anodizing treatment is carried out on the aluminum alloy surface before production. The hybrid surface layer 3 is a hybrid laminated structure in which three layers of aluminum alloy plates and three layers of glass fiber reinforced vinyl ester resin layers are alternately stacked. Brush a layer of coupling agent KH550 on the surface of the pretreated aluminum alloy sheet, and then press the stacking sequence Orthogonal glass fiber cloth is laid at an angle of ±45°. After the lower surface is laid, the buoyancy sandwich layer 4 solid buoyancy material is placed. After the upper surface is laid, the RTM vacuum forming process is used to infuse the vinyl ester resin matrix with vacuum forming. Natural curing at room temperature for 24 hours. The fiber resin mass ratio of the hybrid surface layer 3 after final curing and molding is about 1:1, the thickness ratio of the aluminum alloy layer and the fiber reinforced composite material layer in the hybrid surface layer 3 is 1:2, and the hybrid surface layer 3 and the buoyancy sandwich layer 4 The thickness ratio is 1:6. The fiber resin system of the winding surface layer 5 is T910 type E-glass fiber produced by Taishan Fiberglass Company and 430LV epoxy-modified vinyl ester resin produced by Nanjing Jinling DSM Company, and the internal buoyancy core material 6 is Xianning, Hubei HW50 lightweight deep-sea solid buoyancy material produced by Haiwei Composite Materials Co., Ltd. The ellipsoidal geometric line shape of the inner core material is processed on a CNC lathe before production. The ratio H/2E of the unit height to the upper and lower end surface diameters is 2.1, the ratio A/B of the major axis to the minor axis of the ellipsoidal line is 1.6, and the winding thickness The ratio T/B to the minor axis length of the ellipsoid is 0.013. Resin materials need to be prepared before winding molding. The mass ratio of vinyl ester resin, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide curing agent and cobalt naphthenate accelerator is 100:2:1, and the curing time at room temperature is 4 hours. The fiber winding surface layer 5 adopts a spiral winding line type, the number of winding layers is one layer, and the winding angle is 25 degrees. The fiber resin mass ratio of the surface layer composite material 1 after final curing and molding is about 1:1, and the total thickness T of the winding layer is 1mm . After the winding is completed, the sample can be completely cured and formed after 4 hours at room temperature. After the hybrid composite material crash-resistant and energy-absorbing sandwich panel 1 and the fiber-wound composite material solid-core crash-resistant and energy-absorbing structural unit 2 are manufactured, they are assembled and connected with aluminum alloy screws according to the layout optimization design plan and made watertight to form composite materials. Layer array crashworthy structural modules.

The structure of the invention is simple, and the impact-resistant and energy-absorbing structural module is composed of two parts: a hybrid composite material crash-resistant and energy-absorbing sandwich panel and a fiber-wound composite material solid core crash-resistant and energy-absorbing structural unit, and the surface layer of the sandwich panel is an aluminum alloy layer and fiber reinforcement Composite material layers are alternately stacked and bonded to form a hybrid laminate structure. The aluminum alloy layer in the hybrid surface layer is selected from an aluminum alloy model with good marine environment adaptability and comprehensive mechanical properties. RTM vacuum forming technology is used to form the hybrid surface layer and the buoyancy sandwich layer once. Curing and molding ensures that the hybrid composite material crash-resistant and energy-absorbing sandwich panel structure has good seawater corrosion resistance and crash-resistant and energy-absorbing efficiency. The fiber-reinforced composite material layer in the fiber-wound surface layer and the hybrid surface layer selects a marine environment-adaptable fiber and resin system and optimizes the fiber-resin mass ratio, lay-up angle and total lay-up thickness to achieve the best process molding quality and impact resistance. energy efficiency. The buoyancy sandwich layer and internal buoyancy core materials are made of lightweight deep-sea high-strength solid buoyancy materials and the thickness and geometry are optimized to ensure that the sandwich panel structure and crash-resistant energy-absorbing structural units have good mechanical properties and crash-resistant energy-absorbing efficiency. The fiber winding surface layer adopts tension wet winding molding process, and the optimized winding line shape is evenly wound on the surface of the inner core material. Buoyancy compensation composite material solid core crashworthy energy-absorbing structural unit. Based on the design of hybrid composite composite crash-resistant and energy-absorbing sandwich panels and fiber-wound composite solid-core crash-resistant and energy-absorbing structural units, the layout scheme optimization design and assembly connection design are carried out based on the mechanical properties and energy absorption efficiency of the overall module. To ensure the overall mechanical properties of the composite multilayer array crashworthy and energy-absorbing structural modules.

Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, the present invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of buoyancy compensation type composite material by multilayer array crashworthiness endergonic structure module, which is characterized in that including being alternately superimposed The hybrid composite crashworthiness energy-absorbing battenboard (1) and filament wound composite solid core crashworthiness endergonic structure unit (2) of arrangement； The hybrid composite crashworthiness energy-absorbing battenboard (1) is formed by mixing surface layer (3) and buoyancy laminboard layer (4), and the fiber twines Around composite material solid core crashworthiness endergonic structure unit (2) by comprising fibre reinforced composites layer fiber winding surface layer (5) and Internal buoyance core material (6) forms.

2. buoyancy compensation type composite material by multilayer array crashworthiness endergonic structure module as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that It is described mix surface layer (3) be metal layer replace with fibre reinforced composites layer be superimposed formation hybrid composite it is laminated hardened Structure, the metal layer selects the preferable aluminium alloy model of resistance to corrosion seawater to form aluminium alloy layer, and is based on structural mechanical property Thickness optimization is carried out with crashworthiness energy absorbing efficiency；The surface layer (3) that mixes is using based on structural mechanical property and crashworthiness energy-absorbing The prioritization scheme of efficiency, aluminium alloy layer and fibre reinforced composites layer thickness ratio ranging from 0.2~0.5, fiber wing flapping Ranging from ± 30 degree~± 60 degree of degree.

3. buoyancy compensation type composite material by multilayer array crashworthiness endergonic structure module as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that The buoyancy laminboard layer (4) mixes that surface layer (3) is intermediate positioned at two and thickness is more than and mixes the sum of surface layer (3) thickness up and down；Institute It states winding surface layer (5) and is completely coated on internal buoyance core material (6) surface, the internal buoyance core material (6) has elliposoidal geometry Molded line feature.

4. buoyancy compensation type composite material by multilayer array crashworthiness endergonic structure module as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that The fibre reinforced composites layer choosing marine environment mixed in surface layer (3) and fiber winding surface layer (5) adapts to fiber type Resin system, and fibre resin mass ratio, laying angle and paving are carried out based on different process molding mode and crashworthiness energy absorbing efficiency The optimization of layer thickness.

5. buoyancy compensation type composite material by multilayer array crashworthiness endergonic structure module as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that The fibre reinforced composites layer choosing glass fibre or aramid fiber mixed in surface layer (3) and fiber winding surface layer (5) As reinforcing fiber, using polyester resin, vinyl ester resin as resin matrix, fibre resin mass ratio contains 0.7~1.2 It measures in range.

6. buoyancy compensation type composite material by multilayer array crashworthiness endergonic structure module as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that The buoyancy laminboard layer (4) and internal buoyance core material (6) select light-high-strength deep-sea solid buoyancy material, density range to exist 300kg/m³~600kg/m³, hydrostatic compressive resistance is 5MPa~30MPa, and dynamic yield strength is 50~100MPa, and has allusion quotation The Elastic-plastic Constitutive characteristic relation of type, linear elasticity range of strain are 0~0.1, and plasticity section range of strain is 0.1~0.6, last rank Section is dense compaction section.

7. buoyancy compensation type composite material by multilayer array crashworthiness endergonic structure module as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that The buoyancy laminboard layer (4) and internal buoyance core material (6) are selected deep-sea light-high-strength solid buoyancy material and are mended based on buoyancy It repays efficiency and crashworthiness energy absorbing efficiency carries out thickness and the optimization of geometry molded line.

8. buoyancy compensation type composite material by multilayer array crashworthiness endergonic structure module as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that The hybrid composite crashworthiness energy-absorbing battenboard (1) and filament wound composite solid core crashworthiness energy-absorbing unit (2) are adopted respectively With RTM vacuum forming techniques and wet winding technology technique, in normal temperature condition, curing molding, formation are complete underwater light next time Matter buoyancy compensation type hybrid composite crashworthiness energy-absorbing battenboard (1) and composite material solid core crashworthiness endergonic structure unit (2).

9. buoyancy compensation type composite material by multilayer array crashworthiness endergonic structure module as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that Fiber winding surface layer (5) is using based on structural mechanical property and the achievable winding pattern optimization of wet winding technology technique Scheme, ranging from 15 degree~45 degree of winding angle, Tension design 5N~30N, the internal buoyance core material (6) is using based on structure Mechanical property and the obtained elliposoidal geometry molded line feature of fiber winding surface layer (5) matching properties optimization design, cell height with Ranging from the 1.2~2.1 of upper and lower end face diameter ratio H/2E, spheroid shape line length axis and short axle ratio A/B ranging from 1.6~1.0, Fiber winds ranging from the 0.01~0.06 of surface layer (5) thickness and spheroid shape internal buoyance core material (6) minor axis length ratio T/B.

10. buoyancy compensation type composite material by multilayer array crashworthiness endergonic structure module as described in claim 1, feature exist In hybrid composite crashworthiness energy-absorbing battenboard (1) thickness and adjacent fiber wound composite solid core crashworthiness endergonic structure list The ratio range of first (2) center distance between axles is 0.15~0.30；Adjacent fiber wound composite solid core crashworthiness endergonic structure list The ratio range of first (2) central shaft distance and structural unit minor axis length is 1.5~3.0.