CN114524674B - Heat-proof, heat-insulation and load-bearing integrated light carbon-ceramic composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Heat-proof, heat-insulation and load-bearing integrated light carbon-ceramic composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
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- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及超高温热防护材料技术领域,具体涉及一种防热-隔热-承载一体化轻质碳-陶复合材料及其制备方法。The invention relates to the technical field of ultra-high temperature thermal protection materials, in particular to a lightweight carbon-ceramic composite material integrating heat protection-heat insulation-carrying capacity and a preparation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
碳气凝胶是一种新型纳米级多孔碳材料,三维纳米碳颗粒在其内部堆叠形成丰富的孔结构,使其兼具气凝胶轻质多孔和碳材料高温稳定等优异性能。特别是,由于其独特的介孔结构和纳米颗粒网状结构对声子的散射、光子的遮挡和气体分子碰撞的抑制,可大幅降低固态、气态和辐射热导率,其隔热性能明显优于传统的碳纤维毡和碳泡沫,是目前少有的可在1600℃以上长时使用的刚性隔热材料。然而,传统碳气凝胶为玻璃碳结构,脆性大,难以实现大尺寸制备。采用高强韧碳质纤维作为增强体,通过界面微结构调控等手段,可显著改善其力学性能和大尺寸成型能力,从而实现超高温隔热-承载一体化功能,所获得的轻质碳基复合材料在航天飞行器及其动力系统等热防护领域极具应用前景。Carbon airgel is a new type of nano-porous carbon material. Three-dimensional nano-carbon particles are stacked inside it to form a rich pore structure, which makes it have excellent properties such as light-weight porous airgel and high-temperature stability of carbon materials. In particular, due to its unique mesoporous structure and nanoparticle network structure to suppress phonon scattering, photon shielding and gas molecule collisions, it can greatly reduce solid-state, gaseous and radiative thermal conductivity, and its thermal insulation performance is obviously superior. Compared with traditional carbon fiber felt and carbon foam, it is a rare rigid insulation material that can be used for a long time above 1600 °C. However, traditional carbon aerogels have a glassy carbon structure, which is brittle and difficult to achieve large-scale preparation. Using high-strength carbon fibers as reinforcements can significantly improve its mechanical properties and large-scale forming capabilities through interface microstructure regulation and other means, so as to realize the integrated function of ultra-high temperature heat insulation and load bearing. The obtained lightweight carbon-based composite The material has great application prospects in thermal protection fields such as aerospace vehicles and their power systems.
但碳材料在高温下易因氧化而导致失效,难以满足新一代飞行器及其动力系统有氧环境下对热防护材料的性能要求,采用抗氧化陶瓷组元对纳米碳气凝胶基体进行掺杂改性,可以有效提高碳气凝胶的抗氧化、抗烧蚀能力,满足有氧环境下的防热-隔热-承载需求。因此,本发明提出一种适用于轻质碳基复合材料(碳气凝胶复合材料、碳泡沫复合材料)基体掺杂技术,通过将具有抗氧化功能的一种或多种陶瓷基体引入到轻质碳基复合材料中形成碳气凝胶和陶瓷双基体,从而获得具有防热-隔热-承载一体化功能的轻质碳-陶复合材料。However, carbon materials are prone to failure due to oxidation at high temperatures, and it is difficult to meet the performance requirements of thermal protection materials in the aerobic environment of the new generation of aircraft and their power systems. Anti-oxidation ceramic components are used to dope the nano-carbon airgel matrix Modification can effectively improve the anti-oxidation and anti-ablation capabilities of carbon aerogels, and meet the heat protection-insulation-carrying requirements in an aerobic environment. Therefore, the present invention proposes a matrix doping technology suitable for lightweight carbon-based composites (carbon airgel composites, carbon foam composites), by introducing one or more ceramic substrates with anti-oxidation functions into lightweight carbon-based composites. Carbon aerogel and ceramic double matrix are formed in the carbon-based composite material, so as to obtain a lightweight carbon-ceramic composite material with integrated functions of heat protection, heat insulation and load bearing.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的在于提供一种防热-隔热-承载一体化轻质碳-陶复合材料及其制备方法,以满足超高温有氧环境下的热防护需求。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a light-weight carbon-ceramic composite material integrated with heat protection-heat insulation-carrying capacity and its preparation method, so as to meet the thermal protection requirements in an ultra-high temperature aerobic environment.
为实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案如下:In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:
一种防热-隔热-承载一体化轻质碳-陶复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:A method for preparing a heat-proof-heat-insulation-carrying integrated lightweight carbon-ceramic composite material, comprising the following steps:
(1)将纤维增强轻质碳基复合材料作为基材并加工成所需形状,吹净表面后用酒精进行超声清洗,随后置于烘箱内90~120℃烘干24~48h;(1) The fiber-reinforced lightweight carbon-based composite material is used as the base material and processed into the desired shape, after the surface is blown clean, it is cleaned ultrasonically with alcohol, and then placed in an oven at 90-120°C for 24-48 hours;
(2)准备材料A,并将材料A与溶剂按一定比例混合,机械搅拌1~4h后得到浸渍溶液;所述材料A为硼酸或磷酸;或者,所述材料A为抗氧化组元的陶瓷粉体;或者,所述材料A为抗氧化组元的有机或无机前驱体;所述抗氧化组元为SiBCN、SiCO、SiC、ZrC、ZrB2、HfC和HfB2中的一种或几种;所述溶剂为二甲苯、乙醇和蒸馏水中的一种或几种;(2) Prepare material A, mix material A with a solvent in a certain proportion, and mechanically stir for 1 to 4 hours to obtain an impregnating solution; the material A is boric acid or phosphoric acid; or, the material A is ceramics of anti-oxidation components powder; or, the material A is an organic or inorganic precursor of an antioxidant component; the antioxidant component is one or more of SiBCN, SiCO, SiC, ZrC, ZrB 2 , HfC and HfB 2 ; The solvent is one or more of xylene, ethanol and distilled water;
(3)将轻质碳基复合材料样品浸入步骤(2)配制的浸渍溶液中,采用超声震荡、真空或常压浸渍等方法将溶液浸入并均匀分布于轻质碳基复合材料样品中,保持一定时间后,取出样品擦干;(3) Immerse the lightweight carbon-based composite material sample in the impregnation solution prepared in step (2), and use methods such as ultrasonic vibration, vacuum or normal pressure impregnation to immerse and evenly distribute the solution in the lightweight carbon-based composite material sample, keeping After a certain period of time, take out the sample and dry it;
(4)将经步骤(3)浸渍后的轻质碳基复合材料样品置于干燥箱中常压固化干燥,之后对复合材料进行高温热处理,得到含有抗氧化组元的轻质碳-陶复合材料;固化干燥工艺参数为80~170℃,保温2~4h;(4) The light carbon-based composite material sample impregnated in step (3) is placed in a drying oven for curing and drying under normal pressure, and then the composite material is subjected to high-temperature heat treatment to obtain a light carbon-ceramic composite material containing antioxidant components Material; curing and drying process parameters are 80~170℃, heat preservation 2~4h;
(5)重复步骤(2)至步骤(4)的过程0~5次。(5) Repeat the process from step (2) to step (4) for 0-5 times.
上述步骤(1)中,所述轻质碳基复合材料密度范围为0.2~0.7g/cm3,所述轻质碳基复合材料为纤维增强碳气凝胶复合材料或碳泡沫复合材料。In the above step (1), the density of the lightweight carbon-based composite material ranges from 0.2 to 0.7 g/cm 3 , and the lightweight carbon-based composite material is a fiber-reinforced carbon airgel composite material or a carbon foam composite material.
上述步骤(2)中,所述材料A为硼酸或磷酸时,浸渍溶液配制方法为:将硼酸或磷酸粉末倒入90℃去离子水中,机械搅拌至大部分粉末溶解后,放入超声震荡仪中110℃超声振动溶解,得到硼酸或磷酸浸渍溶液;其中:硼酸粉末或磷酸粉末的用量与水的重量比例为1:(3~10)。In the above step (2), when the material A is boric acid or phosphoric acid, the preparation method of the impregnating solution is as follows: pour the boric acid or phosphoric acid powder into deionized water at 90°C, stir mechanically until most of the powder is dissolved, and then put it into an ultrasonic oscillator Dissolve with ultrasonic vibration at 110°C to obtain boric acid or phosphoric acid impregnation solution; wherein: the weight ratio of boric acid powder or phosphoric acid powder to water is 1:(3~10).
上述步骤(2)中,所述材料A为抗氧化组元的陶瓷粉体时,浸渍溶液配制方法为:将陶瓷粉体倒入去离子水或乙醇中,磁力搅拌2~4h后配制成陶瓷粉体浸渍溶液;其中:陶瓷粉体的用量与溶剂的重量比例为(5~30):100。In the above step (2), when the material A is a ceramic powder of anti-oxidation components, the preparation method of the impregnating solution is as follows: pour the ceramic powder into deionized water or ethanol, stir magnetically for 2-4 hours, and then prepare a ceramic Powder impregnation solution; wherein: the weight ratio of the amount of ceramic powder to the solvent is (5-30):100.
上述步骤(2)中,所述材料A为抗氧化组元的有机或无机前驱体时,浸渍溶液配制方法为:将所述抗氧化组元的前驱体按一定比例与二甲苯混合,磁力搅拌2~4h后配制成前驱体浸渍溶液;其中抗氧化组元的前驱体与二甲苯溶剂的重量比例为(5~30):100;所述SiBCN的前驱体为聚硼硅氮烷PSNB,SiCO前驱体为聚硅氧烷PSO,SiC前驱体为聚碳硅烷PCS,ZrC的前驱体为有机锆前驱体PZC,ZrB2的前驱体为有机锆前驱体PZB、HfC和HfB2的前驱体为以HfCl4为铪源配制的有机前驱体。In the above step (2), when the material A is an organic or inorganic precursor of an antioxidant component, the preparation method of the impregnation solution is: mix the precursor of the antioxidant component with xylene in a certain proportion, and magnetically stir Prepare a precursor impregnation solution after 2-4 hours; wherein the weight ratio of the precursor of the anti-oxidation component to the xylene solvent is (5-30):100; the precursor of the SiBCN is polyborosilazane PSNB, SiCO The precursor is polysiloxane PSO, the precursor of SiC is polycarbosilane PCS, the precursor of ZrC is the organic zirconium precursor PZC, the precursor of ZrB is the organic zirconium precursor PZB, and the precursors of HfC and HfB are based on HfCl 4 is an organic precursor prepared from a hafnium source.
上述步骤(3)中,当浸渍溶液是采用硼酸或磷酸配制时,采用超声震荡浸渍,浸渍时间0.5~2h;当浸渍溶液是采用抗氧化组元的陶瓷粉体或前驱体制备而成时,采用真空-常压浸渍,具体方法为:将样品装入烧杯中置于真空浸渍罐内,将浸渍罐抽成真空(真空度≤-0.1MPa),利用压力差将前驱体浸渍溶液引入装有样品的烧杯中,保持该真空度0.5~2h后再常压保持0.5~2h。In the above step (3), when the impregnation solution is prepared by boric acid or phosphoric acid, ultrasonic vibration is used for impregnation, and the impregnation time is 0.5 to 2 hours; when the impregnation solution is prepared by using ceramic powder or precursor of anti-oxidation components, Vacuum-atmospheric pressure impregnation is used, the specific method is: put the sample into a beaker and place it in a vacuum impregnation tank, evacuate the impregnation tank into a vacuum (vacuum degree ≤ -0.1MPa), and use the pressure difference to introduce the precursor impregnation solution into the container. In the beaker of the sample, maintain the vacuum degree for 0.5-2 hours, and then maintain the normal pressure for 0.5-2 hours.
上述步骤(4)中,当采用硼酸或磷酸浸渍溶液时,样品进行热处理的工艺分多步进行:惰性气氛下以5℃/min升温速率从常温升至170~250℃保温0.5~1h,后继续升温至300~400℃保温0.5~1h,再升温至500~700℃并保温0.5~1h。In the above step (4), when boric acid or phosphoric acid impregnation solution is used, the heat treatment process of the sample is carried out in multiple steps: under an inert atmosphere, the temperature is raised from normal temperature to 170-250°C at a heating rate of 5°C/min for 0.5-1h, and then Continue to raise the temperature to 300-400°C and keep it warm for 0.5-1h, then raise the temperature to 500-700°C and keep it warm for 0.5-1h.
上述步骤(4)中,当浸渍溶液是抗氧化组元的陶瓷粉体或前驱体制备而成时,样品热处理工艺为:在裂解炉中惰性气氛下以5℃/min的速度升温至800~1500℃,保温0.5~2h,保护气氛下自然降温。In the above step (4), when the impregnating solution is prepared from ceramic powder or precursor of anti-oxidation components, the heat treatment process of the sample is as follows: the temperature is raised to 800-800°C at a rate of 5°C/min under an inert atmosphere in a cracking furnace. 1500°C, keep warm for 0.5-2 hours, and cool down naturally under a protective atmosphere.
上述步骤(5)中,在步骤(2)~(4)反复进行时,可通过浸渍溶液浓度、浸渍溶液种类及浸渍次序的变化,调整轻质碳基复合材料改性组分的组成,典型的浸渍溶液浓度、种类、次序及所得改性复合材料包括但不限于以下10种:In the above step (5), when steps (2) to (4) are repeated, the composition of the modified component of the lightweight carbon-based composite material can be adjusted by changing the concentration of the impregnation solution, the type of the impregnation solution, and the order of the impregnation. The impregnation solution concentration, type, sequence and obtained modified composite materials include but not limited to the following 10 types:
(1)浸渍次序:25wt.%硼酸溶液;所得材料:氧化硼改性轻质碳基复合材料;(1) Immersion sequence: 25wt.% boric acid solution; obtained material: boron oxide modified lightweight carbon-based composite material;
(2)浸渍次序:25wt.%硼酸溶液,10wt.%PSNB;所得材料:氧化硼-SiBCN改性轻质碳基复合材料;(2) Impregnation sequence: 25wt.% boric acid solution, 10wt.% PSNB; obtained material: boron oxide-SiBCN modified lightweight carbon-based composite material;
(3)浸渍次序:20wt.%PSNB;所得材料:SiBCN改性轻质碳基复合材料;(3) Impregnation sequence: 20wt.% PSNB; obtained material: SiBCN modified lightweight carbon-based composite material;
(4)浸渍次序:30wt.%磷酸溶液;所得材料:磷酸改性轻质碳基复合材料;(4) Immersion sequence: 30wt.% phosphoric acid solution; obtained material: phosphoric acid modified lightweight carbon-based composite material;
(5)浸渍次序:25wt.%PCS;所得材料:SiC改性轻质碳基复合材料;(5) Impregnation sequence: 25wt.% PCS; obtained material: SiC modified lightweight carbon-based composite material;
(6)浸渍次序:30wt.%PSO;所得材料:SiCO前驱体改性轻质碳基复合材料;(6) Impregnation sequence: 30wt.% PSO; obtained material: SiCO precursor modified lightweight carbon-based composite material;
(7)浸渍次序:15wt.%PZB;所得材料:ZrB2改性轻质碳基复合材料;(7) Impregnation sequence: 15wt.% PZB; obtained material: ZrB 2 modified lightweight carbon-based composite material;
(8)浸渍次序:20wt.%PCS,10wt.%PZC;所得材料:SiC-ZrC改性轻质碳基复合材料;(8) Impregnation sequence: 20wt.% PCS, 10wt.% PZC; obtained material: SiC-ZrC modified lightweight carbon-based composite material;
(9)浸渍次序:10wt.%PCS,20wt.%HfB2有机前驱体;所得材料:SiC-HfB2改性轻质碳基复合材料;(9) Impregnation sequence: 10wt.% PCS, 20wt.% HfB 2 organic precursor; obtained material: SiC-HfB 2 modified lightweight carbon-based composite material;
(10)浸渍次序:10wt.%PCS,15wt.%PZB,15wt.%PZC;所得材料:SiC-ZrB2-ZrC改性轻质碳基复合材料。(10) Impregnation sequence: 10wt.% PCS, 15wt.% PZB, 15wt.% PZC; obtained material: SiC-ZrB 2 -ZrC modified lightweight carbon-based composite material.
所制备的一体化轻质碳-陶复合材料材料由纤维增强体、碳气凝胶和陶瓷双基体组成,陶瓷基体均匀弥散分布于碳气凝胶三维纳米网络结构中,依靠碳气凝胶的隔热-承载和陶瓷基体的抗氧化烧蚀进而满足长时高温有氧环境下的多功能需求。The prepared integrated lightweight carbon-ceramic composite material is composed of fiber reinforcement, carbon airgel and ceramic double matrix. The ceramic matrix is uniformly dispersed in the carbon aerogel three-dimensional nano-network structure. Heat insulation-carrying and anti-oxidation ablation of the ceramic matrix to meet the multi-functional requirements under long-term high-temperature aerobic environment.
本发明的设计机理如下:Design mechanism of the present invention is as follows:
采用不同浓度抗氧化组元(或其前驱体)配制成的浸渍溶液,通过真空浸渍、脱水干燥,或陶瓷前驱体浸渍裂解(PIP)工艺对轻质碳基复合材料进行基体掺杂;利用液相流动性好的特点,将所配制溶液通过气凝胶基体孔道引入其内部,经固化、热处理等工艺后得到由抗氧化组元均匀弥散于三维纳米网络结构中的新型复合材料,显著改善其高温有氧环境下的抗氧化、烧蚀性能。作为低温抗氧化组元,硼/磷酸经烘干脱水后可形成玻璃相氧化物,其粘度大,对基体的附着性强,可在内外表面形成保护层;聚合物衍生陶瓷作为高温及超高温抗氧化组元,由其前驱体溶液高温裂解形成,具有优异的抗氧化、烧蚀性能,耐温可达2000℃以上。本发明中选用单一及混合抗氧化组元配制成的浸渍溶液流动性良好,对碳气凝胶材料具有良好的浸润性及渗透性,在纳米碳网络中渗入的抗氧化组元可消耗氧气,并抑制氧气扩散,同时减少基体与氧气接触,进而提高氧化烧蚀性能。Using impregnation solutions prepared with different concentrations of antioxidant components (or their precursors), the matrix doping of lightweight carbon-based composites is carried out by vacuum impregnation, dehydration and drying, or ceramic precursor impregnation pyrolysis (PIP); using liquid With the characteristics of good phase fluidity, the prepared solution is introduced into the airgel matrix through the pores, and after curing and heat treatment, a new type of composite material with antioxidant components uniformly dispersed in the three-dimensional nano network structure is obtained, which significantly improves its performance. Oxidation resistance and ablation performance in high temperature aerobic environment. As a low-temperature anti-oxidation component, boron/phosphoric acid can form a glass phase oxide after drying and dehydration, which has a high viscosity and strong adhesion to the substrate, and can form a protective layer on the inner and outer surfaces; The anti-oxidation component is formed by pyrolysis of its precursor solution at high temperature. It has excellent anti-oxidation and ablation properties, and its temperature resistance can reach above 2000 °C. In the present invention, the impregnating solution prepared by selecting a single or mixed anti-oxidation component has good fluidity, has good wettability and permeability to carbon airgel materials, and the anti-oxidation component infiltrated in the nano-carbon network can consume oxygen, And inhibit the diffusion of oxygen, while reducing the contact between the substrate and oxygen, thereby improving the oxidation ablation performance.
本发明具有以下有益效果:The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1、本发明采用超声震荡以及真空加常压浸渍工艺,将硼/磷酸、抗氧化陶瓷粉体及其前驱体引入轻质碳基复合材料内部,并经固化、热处理等工艺得到碳气凝胶-陶瓷双基体复合材料,使材料整体抗氧化、烧蚀性能显著提升,从而满足高温有氧环境下防热-隔热-承载一体化使用需求。1. The present invention adopts ultrasonic vibration and vacuum plus atmospheric pressure impregnation process to introduce boron/phosphoric acid, anti-oxidation ceramic powder and its precursor into the light carbon-based composite material, and obtain carbon airgel through curing and heat treatment processes -Ceramic double-matrix composite material, which significantly improves the overall anti-oxidation and ablation performance of the material, so as to meet the needs of integrated use of heat protection-heat insulation-carrying in high-temperature aerobic environments.
2、本发明方法通过改变陶瓷组元种类、含量以及引入次序,可实现轻质碳基复合材料的宽温域抗氧化烧蚀。本发明所述材料的力学及抗氧化性能相较于轻质碳基复合材料有明显提高,压缩强度由62.7MPa提高至90.9MPa,1300℃下静态氧化15min失重率由14.92%下降至9.19%。2. The method of the present invention can realize the anti-oxidation and ablation of the light carbon-based composite material in a wide temperature range by changing the type, content and introduction sequence of the ceramic components. Compared with the lightweight carbon-based composite material, the mechanical and oxidation resistance properties of the material of the present invention are significantly improved, the compressive strength is increased from 62.7MPa to 90.9MPa, and the weight loss rate of static oxidation at 1300°C for 15 minutes is reduced from 14.92% to 9.19%.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明所述实施例工艺的流程图。Fig. 1 is the flowchart of the process of the embodiment of the present invention.
图2为轻质碳基复合材料掺杂前后及氧化后的微观组织形貌;其中:(a)掺杂前;(b)掺杂SiBCN陶瓷后;(c)氧化后的微观形貌。Figure 2 shows the microstructure morphology of light carbon-based composites before and after doping and after oxidation; among them: (a) before doping; (b) after doping SiBCN ceramics; (c) microstructure after oxidation.
图3为轻质碳基复合材料掺杂前后氧化失重率对比。Figure 3 is a comparison of oxidation weight loss before and after doping of lightweight carbon-based composites.
图4为轻质碳基复合材料掺杂前后压缩强度对比。Figure 4 is a comparison of the compressive strength before and after doping of lightweight carbon-based composites.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了进一步理解本发明,以下结合实例对本发明进行描述,但实例仅为对本发明的特点和优点做进一步阐述,而不是对本发明权利要求的限制。In order to further understand the present invention, the present invention is described below in conjunction with examples, but the examples are only to further illustrate the features and advantages of the present invention, rather than limiting the claims of the present invention.
SiBCN陶瓷由于具有优异的高温稳定性、宽温域抗氧化性能,因此,以下采用SiBCN高温陶瓷作为抗氧化烧蚀组元来对轻质碳基复合材料进行基体掺杂为实施例对本发明做进一步说明,以帮助更好的了解本发明,图1为其工艺流程图,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于实施例。Since SiBCN ceramics have excellent high-temperature stability and anti-oxidation performance in a wide temperature range, the following uses SiBCN high-temperature ceramics as an anti-oxidation and ablation component to carry out matrix doping on lightweight carbon-based composite materials as an example to further the present invention. Description, to help understand the present invention better, Fig. 1 is its process flow chart, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to embodiment.
实施例1:Example 1:
本实施例为一体化轻质碳-陶复合材料的制备,具体过程如下:This example is the preparation of an integrated lightweight carbon-ceramic composite material, and the specific process is as follows:
(1)将密度为0.6g/cm3的轻质碳基复合材料基材加工成尺寸为12.7×23.2×32.0mm的块状试样,吹净表面后用酒精进行超声清洗,随后置于烘箱内120℃烘干24h。(1) The lightweight carbon-based composite material substrate with a density of 0.6g/ cm3 was processed into a block sample with a size of 12.7×23.2×32.0mm, and the surface was cleaned by ultrasonic cleaning with alcohol, and then placed in an oven Dry at 120°C for 24 hours.
(2)将SiBCN陶瓷的有机前驱体(PSNB)溶于二甲苯溶剂中,通过磁力搅拌2h使其充分混合,得到PSNB前驱体浸渍溶液,其浓度为20%。(2) Dissolving the organic precursor of SiBCN ceramics (PSNB) in xylene solvent, and stirring it thoroughly for 2 hours by magnetic force to obtain a PSNB precursor impregnating solution with a concentration of 20%.
(3)将装有轻质碳基复合材料样品的烧杯放入真空浸渍罐中并将其抽成真空(真空度≤-0.1MPa),利用压力差将上述PSNB前驱体浸渍溶液引入烧杯中,保持该压力状态0.5h后,常压下浸渍0.5h,取出样品并擦干。(3) Put the beaker containing the lightweight carbon-based composite material sample into a vacuum impregnation tank and evacuate it into a vacuum (vacuum degree≤-0.1MPa), and introduce the above-mentioned PSNB precursor impregnation solution into the beaker by using the pressure difference, After maintaining the pressure state for 0.5h, immerse under normal pressure for 0.5h, take out the sample and dry it.
(4)将浸渍后样品置于170℃烘箱中常压固化2h后,放入裂解炉中并通入保护气氛,以5℃/min的速率升温至900℃后保温1h后得到SiBCN改性轻质碳基复合材料。(4) After the impregnated sample was placed in an oven at 170°C for 2 hours, it was placed in a cracking furnace and introduced into a protective atmosphere, and the temperature was raised to 900°C at a rate of 5°C/min, and then kept for 1 hour to obtain SiBCN modified light carbon matrix composites.
(5)重复(2)至(4)步骤1次。(5) Repeat steps (2) to (4) once.
采用20%PSNB前驱体溶液浸渍后所得轻质碳基复合材料多孔体内均匀分布着无定形SiBCN陶瓷,增重率为11.16%;将所得材料在保护气氛下升温至1300℃,保温5min后通入氧气,样品恒温氧化15min后失重率为9.19%,与未浸渍材料相比,经改性掺杂后的复合材料氧化失重率下降38%左右,抗氧化性能显著提高。图2为材料掺杂前后及氧化后微观形貌,图3为材料掺杂前后氧化失重率,图4为材料掺杂前后压缩强度。After impregnating with 20% PSNB precursor solution, amorphous SiBCN ceramics are evenly distributed in the porous body of lightweight carbon-based composite materials, and the weight gain rate is 11.16%. Oxygen, the weight loss rate of the sample was 9.19% after constant temperature oxidation for 15 minutes. Compared with the unimpregnated material, the oxidation weight loss rate of the modified and doped composite material decreased by about 38%, and the oxidation resistance performance was significantly improved. Figure 2 shows the microscopic appearance of the material before and after doping and after oxidation, Figure 3 shows the oxidation weight loss rate before and after material doping, and Figure 4 shows the compressive strength before and after material doping.
实施例2:Example 2:
与实施例1不同之处在于浸渍溶液种类及浸渍工艺有所不同。本发明中影响轻质碳基复合材料抗氧化性能的工艺参数主要是浸渍溶液浓度、种类以及引入次序等,在实施例2中主要采用两种抗氧化组元结合对轻质碳基复合材料基体进行掺杂以对本发明做进一步解释,具体包含以下步骤:The difference from Example 1 lies in the type of dipping solution and the dipping process. In the present invention, the process parameters that affect the oxidation resistance of the light carbon-based composite material are mainly the concentration, type, and introduction sequence of the impregnating solution. Doping is performed to further explain the present invention, specifically including the following steps:
(1)将密度为0.4g/cm3的轻质碳基复合材料基材加工成尺寸为13.1×23.0×32.5mm的块状试样,吹净表面后用酒精进行超声清洗,随后置于烘箱内120℃烘干24h。(1) The lightweight carbon-based composite material substrate with a density of 0.4g/ cm3 was processed into a block sample with a size of 13.1×23.0×32.5mm, and the surface was cleaned by ultrasonic cleaning with alcohol, and then placed in an oven Dry at 120°C for 24 hours.
(2)将硼酸粉末倒入水中并用玻璃棒搅拌至粉末大部分溶解后,利用超声仪器进行110℃加热超声震荡溶解,得到25%硼酸溶液;采用与实施例1中(2)同样的方法得到7%PSNB前驱体浸渍溶液。(2) Pour the boric acid powder into water and stir it with a glass rod until most of the powder dissolves, then use an ultrasonic instrument to heat and ultrasonically vibrate and dissolve at 110°C to obtain a 25% boric acid solution; use the same method as (2) in Example 1 to obtain 7% PSNB precursor impregnation solution.
(3)将装有轻质碳基复合材料样品的烧杯放入真空浸渍罐中并将其抽成真空(真空度≤-0.1MPa),利用压力差将上述PSNB前驱体浸渍溶液引入烧杯中,保持该压力状态0.5h后,常压下浸渍0.5h,取出样品并擦干。(3) Put the beaker containing the lightweight carbon-based composite material sample into a vacuum impregnation tank and evacuate it into a vacuum (vacuum degree≤-0.1MPa), and introduce the above-mentioned PSNB precursor impregnation solution into the beaker by using the pressure difference, After maintaining the pressure state for 0.5h, immerse under normal pressure for 0.5h, take out the sample and dry it.
(4)将浸渍后样品置于170℃烘箱中常压固化2h后,放入裂解炉中并通入保护气氛,以5℃/min的速率升温至900℃后保温1h后,得到SiBCN改性轻质碳基复合材料。(4) After the impregnated sample was placed in an oven at 170°C for 2 hours at normal pressure and cured for 2 hours, it was placed in a cracking furnace and introduced into a protective atmosphere, and the temperature was raised to 900°C at a rate of 5°C/min and then kept for 1 hour to obtain SiBCN modified Lightweight carbon-based composite material.
(5)随后采用硼酸溶液浸渍样品,浸渍后在170℃下干燥2h;随后在保护气氛下330℃保温0.5h进行脱水处理,得到B2O3-SiBCN改性轻质碳基复合材料,试样增重率为11.38%。B2O3在中低温下呈熔融玻璃状,可有效隔离氧气保护碳基体,SiBCN在高温下具有优异的抗氧化烧蚀性能,二者结合可大幅拓宽防热-隔热-承载一体化轻质碳基复合材料的抗氧化温度范围。(5) Then the sample was impregnated with boric acid solution, dried at 170°C for 2h after impregnation, and dehydrated at 330°C for 0.5h under a protective atmosphere to obtain B 2 O 3 -SiBCN modified lightweight carbon-based composite materials. The sample weight gain rate is 11.38%. B 2 O 3 is in the form of molten glass at medium and low temperatures, which can effectively isolate oxygen and protect the carbon matrix. SiBCN has excellent anti-oxidation and ablation performance at high temperatures. Oxidation resistance temperature range of carbon matrix composites.
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