CN114376087A - High-zinc feed additive for improving reproductive performance of bulls and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
High-zinc feed additive for improving reproductive performance of bulls and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114376087A CN114376087A CN202210243356.2A CN202210243356A CN114376087A CN 114376087 A CN114376087 A CN 114376087A CN 202210243356 A CN202210243356 A CN 202210243356A CN 114376087 A CN114376087 A CN 114376087A
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- small peptide
- aqueous solution
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
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- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/33—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from molasses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
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- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of bull feed additives, and particularly discloses a high-zinc feed additive for improving breeding performance of bulls, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the high-zinc feed additive is mainly prepared from the following raw materials: small peptide aqueous solution, micro-spherical small peptide chelated trace elements, lactic acid bacteria, urea and corn protein powder; the micro spheroidized small peptide chelated trace element is obtained by sequentially treating a small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution with gelatin, ethyl cellulose and gelatin, wherein the small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution is prepared from a small peptide aqueous solution and inorganic salt, and the inorganic salt is zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate and ferrous sulfate. The high-zinc feed additive enables small peptide chelated zinc to enter the omasum of the bull through the rumen of the bull, reduces the influence of excessive zinc in the rumen of the bull on the disorder of the digestive system of the bull, improves the sperm motility by 15.09%, improves the sperm density by 25.68%, reduces the sperm abnormality rate by 3.78%, improves the reproductive performance of the bull, and meets the market demand.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of bull feed additives, in particular to a high-zinc feed additive for improving breeding performance of bulls, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The zinc is one of the essential trace elements of animals, and the zinc can increase the feed intake of the bulls, improve the utilization rate of the bulls on feed, enhance the immunity of the bulls and promote the growth of the bulls. And the zinc content also influences the growth, development and reproductive performance of the bulls. In the case of bulls, the loss of zinc causes insufficient sex hormone secretion, the development of reproductive organs is hindered, and the secretion and development of sperms are affected. Zinc has an important influence on the reproductive performance of bulls, so that the bulls need to be supplemented with zinc in time. In the prior art, zinc sulfate is generally added into feed to increase the zinc content, thereby promoting the zinc absorption of bulls. However, after the bull eats the feed, zinc sulfate enters the rumen of the bull along with the feed, and at the moment, a large amount of zinc sulfate inhibits the growth of microorganisms in the rumen of the bull, so that the rumen of the bull is disordered, and the health of the bull is directly influenced by the disordered digestive system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to reduce the influence of rumen zinc excess on digestive system disorder of bulls and improve breeding performance of the bulls, the application provides a high-zinc feed additive for improving breeding performance of the bulls, and a preparation method and application thereof.
In a first aspect, the application provides a high-zinc feed additive for improving reproductive performance of bulls, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-zinc feed additive for improving reproductive performance of bulls is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-8 parts of small peptide aqueous solution, 2-8 parts of micro-spherical small peptide chelated trace elements, 1-2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 5-7 parts of urea and 15-25 parts of corn protein powder; the micro spheroidized small peptide chelated trace element is obtained by sequentially treating a small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution with gelatin, ethyl cellulose and gelatin, wherein the small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution is prepared from a small peptide aqueous solution and inorganic salt, and the inorganic salt is zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate and ferrous sulfate;
the adding amounts of zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate and ferrous sulfate in each 2kg of small peptide water solution are 67-82g, 12-14g, 25-30g and 75-85g respectively.
By adopting the technical scheme, the high-zinc feed additive is applied to feed, so that the sperm motility and the sperm density are effectively improved, the sperm motility reaches 79.91%, the sperm motility is improved by 15.09%, the sperm density reaches 11.99 multiplied by 108/mL, and the sperm density is improved by 25.68%. But also reduces the sperm aberration rate which reaches 8.68 percent and is reduced by 3.78 percent. Therefore, the high-zinc feed additive improves the sperm quality, improves the reproductive performance of bulls and meets the market demand.
Corn protein powder is added into the raw materials of the high-zinc feed additive, the corn protein powder can provide nutrient components for bulls, and the corn protein powder also plays a role of a carrier, so that the preparation of the high-zinc feed additive is facilitated. The lactobacillus is added, so that the lactobacillus is beneficial to the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms, inhibits the reproduction of harmful microorganisms, improves the immunity of the bull, can promote the digestion and absorption of the bull on feed, and improves the utilization rate of the feed. The urea is added, and contains rich nitrogen, so that a nitrogen source can be provided for microorganisms in the rumen of the bull, and the urea can be directly utilized by the microorganisms, so that the growth of the microorganisms is facilitated, and the digestion and absorption of the feed by the bull are improved.
Adding small peptide aqueous solution, wherein the small peptide aqueous solution contains abundant small peptides, and the small peptides refer to oligopeptides consisting of 2-3 amino acids. The absorption form of the bull on the protein is mainly small peptide absorption and assisted amino acid absorption. The small peptide can be directly absorbed by the bull, the bull has competition and antagonism on the absorption of amino acid, and the bull has about 70% higher absorption strength on the peptide than free amino acid, so that the small peptide has the advantage of high absorption rate. Meanwhile, the small peptides are absorbed by the bull, so that the propagation of beneficial flora can be enhanced, the synthesis of mycoprotein can be improved, and the immunity and disease resistance of the bull can be enhanced. The immunity of the bulls is improved by utilizing the synergistic effect of the lactobacillus and the small peptide aqueous solution. Meanwhile, the small peptide can be absorbed by microorganisms in the rumen of the bull to synthesize self mycoprotein, so that the growth of the microorganisms in the rumen of the bull is promoted, and the digestion function of the bull is enhanced. The synergistic effect of urea and small peptide water solution is utilized to promote the growth and development of bulls and improve the utilization rate of feed.
Adding micro-spheroidized small peptide chelated trace elements, and sequentially coating the small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution with gelatin, ethyl cellulose and gelatin in three layers to form an outer gelatin layer, an ethyl cellulose layer and an inner gelatin layer. The outer gelatin layer has larger brittleness, the ethyl cellulose layer has stronger slow release performance, the inner gelatin layer has larger brittleness and supporting performance, and the microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements have good elasticity through the synergistic effect among the outer gelatin layer, the ethyl cellulose layer and the inner gelatin layer, are cracked when the compression deformation is 55-70%, and effectively reduce the dissolution of the small peptide chelated trace elements in the omasum stomachs of the bulls.
In the micro-spheroidized small peptide chelated microelements, the outer gelatin layer, the ethyl cellulose layer and the inner gelatin layer not only play a role in protecting the small peptide chelated zinc, so that the small peptide chelated zinc enters the omasum of the bull through the rumen of the bull. Meanwhile, the microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements have good elasticity, and most of the microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements entering the omasum of the bull are crushed under the action of concentration, extrusion and grinding of the omasum of the bull, so that the small peptide chelated zinc is released, the zinc absorption of the bull is realized, the influence of excessive zinc in the rumen of the bull on the rumen digestive system of the bull is reduced, and the eating stability of the bull on zinc is improved.
The microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements can release small peptide chelated iron, small peptide chelated copper and small peptide chelated manganese, and the small peptide chelated trace elements not only provide trace elements for the bulls, but also enhance the absorption of the bulls on the trace elements based on the direct absorption of the bulls on the small peptides and the action of the small peptides on the trace elements. The applicant also finds that the small peptide and the trace elements in the small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution are chelated, the chelation degree cannot reach 100% in terms of the trace elements, at the moment, the small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution also contains free small peptides and free trace elements, the free small peptides and the free trace elements are further released in the omasum of the bull, and the free small peptides and the free trace elements can be absorbed and utilized by the bull. The immunity of the bulls is improved by utilizing the synergistic effect of the small peptide aqueous solution and the microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements.
Optionally, the addition amounts of zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate and ferrous sulfate in each 2kg of small peptide aqueous solution are respectively 73g, 13g, 27g and 81 g.
By adopting the technical scheme, the addition amounts of zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate and ferrous sulfate in the small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution are further optimized, and the use effect of the microsphericized small peptide chelated trace elements is improved.
Optionally, the small peptide aqueous solution is prepared by the following method:
crushing animal skin to obtain particles, then placing the particles in a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution at the temperature of 95-105 ℃, stirring for 12-15h, filtering, concentrating to 20-30% of the original volume, filtering, and sterilizing to obtain a small peptide aqueous solution;
and the weight ratio of the particles to the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution is 1 (7-9), and the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution is 20-25%.
By adopting the technical scheme, the animal skin is hydrolyzed by adopting hydrochloric acid to form small peptide aqueous solution. The hydrochloric acid aqueous solution is treated in a heating mode, so that the hydrolysis speed of the animal skin is increased, and the preparation efficiency of the small peptide aqueous solution is improved. And the concentrated solution is filtered to remove partial water, so that the concentration of effective components in the small peptide aqueous solution is increased, the using effect of the small peptide aqueous solution on bulls is improved, the subsequent chelation of the small peptide aqueous solution and trace elements is facilitated, and the using effect of the microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements on bulls is improved.
Optionally, the small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution is prepared by the following method:
adding zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate and ferrous sulfate into small peptide aqueous solution at 50-70 deg.C under stirring, continuously stirring for 50-60min, adjusting pH of the small peptide aqueous solution to 6.5-7.5, and continuously stirring for 3-5h to obtain small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution.
By adopting the technical scheme, the small peptide is chelated with the trace elements to form the small peptide chelated trace elements. The small peptide aqueous solution is treated by adopting a heating mode, so that the dissolution of zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate and ferrous sulfate is facilitated, the Brownian motion among molecules can be effectively accelerated, and the small peptide is convenient to contact, collide and chelate with trace elements. Meanwhile, compared with the preparation of small peptide chelated zinc, small peptide chelated copper, small peptide chelated manganese and small peptide chelated iron respectively, the preparation method has the advantages that trace elements are added into a small peptide aqueous solution together to directly form the small peptide chelated trace elements in a composite state, the preparation is simple, the control is convenient, and the uniform mixing is realized.
Optionally, the micro-spheroidized small peptide chelated trace elements are prepared by the following method:
s1, adding small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution into gelatin aqueous solution at the temperature of 50-70 ℃, and stirring for 50-60min to obtain mixed solution I;
s2, adding the mixed solution I into an organic solvent at the temperature of 50-70 ℃ under continuous stirring, stirring for 3-5h after the addition is finished, cooling to 2-5 ℃, stirring for 30-50min, filtering, and washing to obtain a primary finished product;
s3, adding the primary finished product into a glutaraldehyde aqueous solution at the temperature of 2-5 ℃, stirring for 10-15h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain microspheres I;
s4, adding ethyl cellulose into a 50-70 ℃ ethylene glycol solution, and stirring for 1-3h to obtain a mixed solution II;
s5, adding the mixed solution II into a cyclohexane water solution at the temperature of 50-70 ℃, stirring for 30-50min, then adding the microspheres I, stirring for 5-15min, standing for 30-50min, filtering, cooling, washing and drying to obtain microspheres II;
s6, adding the microspheres II into a gelatin water solution at the temperature of 50-70 ℃, stirring for 5-15min, standing for 30-50min, filtering, cooling, washing and drying to obtain microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements;
the gelatin aqueous solution in the step S1 is the same as the gelatin aqueous solution in the step S6, the mass fraction of the gelatin aqueous solution is 15-20%, the mass fraction of the glutaraldehyde aqueous solution is 8-15%, the mass fraction of the cyclohexane ethanol solution is 15-20%, and the mass fraction of the cyclohexane aqueous solution is 30-50%;
the weight ratio of the gelatin water solution, the small peptide chelated trace element water solution, the organic solvent and the glutaraldehyde water solution in the step S1 is 1 (0.1-0.5): (6-10): 3-5); the weight ratio of the ethylene alcohol solution, the ethyl cellulose, the ethylene aqueous solution, the gelatin aqueous solution in the step S6 and the microspheres I is (1-2): (0.2-0.4): (1-2): (2-4): 1.
By adopting the technical scheme, the preparation and control of the microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements are facilitated. And coating the small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution by adopting the gelatin in the step S1, and then crosslinking by utilizing glutaraldehyde to increase the stability of the inner gelatin layer. Then, ethyl cellulose is adopted for coating, so that the dissolution of the small peptide chelated trace elements is reduced, and then gelatin in the step S6 is utilized for coating, so that the brittleness of the micro spheroidized small peptide chelated trace elements is increased. The use effect of the microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements is improved through the synergistic effect of the outer gelatin layer, the ethyl cellulose layer and the inner gelatin layer.
Optionally, in the preparation of the microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements, the mixed solution I is added into the organic solvent at the speed of 1-10 g/min.
By adopting the technical scheme, the adding speed of the mixed solution I is limited, the influence on the preparation efficiency of the microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements caused by the excessively slow adding speed of the mixed solution I is reduced, and the increase of the granularity of the microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements caused by the excessively fast adding speed of the mixed solution I is also reduced. And the mixed solution I is added into the organic solvent at the speed of 1-10g/min, so that the microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements have good granularity and stability.
Alternatively, the aqueous gelatin solution is prepared by the following method: adding gelatin into water at 50-70 deg.C, and stirring for 50-60min to obtain gelatin water solution.
By adopting the technical scheme, the water is treated by adopting a heating mode, the dissolution rate and uniformity of the gelatin can be effectively increased, and the preparation and control of the gelatin aqueous solution are facilitated.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a preparation method of the above high-zinc feed additive for improving breeding performance of bulls, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of the high-zinc feed additive for improving the reproductive performance of bulls comprises the following steps:
mixing lactobacillus, urea and corn protein powder, stirring for 30-40min, adding small peptide water solution, stirring for 30-40min, adding micro-spherical small peptide chelated microelements, and stirring for 20-30min to obtain the high-zinc feed additive.
By adopting the technical scheme, the small peptide aqueous solution is attached to the lactic acid bacteria, the urea and the corn protein powder, so that the preparation and the control of the high-zinc feed additive are facilitated.
In a third aspect, the application provides an application of the high-zinc feed additive for improving breeding performance of bulls in feed for improving breeding performance of bulls.
In a fourth aspect, the application provides a feed for improving the breeding performance of bulls, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a feed for improving breeding performance of bulls is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 480-520 parts of corn-;
the high-zinc feed additive is the high-zinc feed additive for improving the reproductive performance of the bulls.
By adopting the technical scheme, the application of the high-zinc feed additive is facilitated, the feeding of the bull is facilitated, and the health of the bull is improved.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. the high-zinc feed additive for improving the reproductive performance of the bull is characterized in that micro-spheroidized small peptide chelated trace elements are added into raw materials, gelatin, ethyl cellulose and gelatin are sequentially adopted to carry out three-layer coating on a small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution to form an outer gelatin layer, an ethyl cellulose layer and an inner gelatin layer, so that the small peptide chelated trace elements are protected, and the high-zinc feed additive has good elasticity and is released after entering the petiolus stomachs through the rumens of the bull. The influence of the excessive zinc in the rumen of the bull on the rumen digestive system of the bull is reduced. Meanwhile, the synergistic effect of the raw materials is utilized, the sperm quality is improved, and the breeding performance of the bull is improved.
2. In the preparation of the small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate and ferrous sulfate are added into the small peptide aqueous solution together, and compared with the respective preparation of small peptide chelated zinc, small peptide chelated copper, small peptide chelated manganese and small peptide chelated iron, the preparation method disclosed by the application is simple in preparation, convenient to control and uniform in mixing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an electron micrograph of microsphericized small peptide chelated trace elements of preparation example II-1 of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Preparation example
Preparation example I-1
An aqueous solution of small peptides prepared by the following method:
crushing animal skin, wherein the animal skin is pig skin to obtain particles, and the average particle size of the particles is 0.3 cm. Then 10kg of the granules are placed in 80kg of hydrochloric acid aqueous solution with the temperature of 100 ℃, the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution is 22%, and stirring treatment is carried out for 13h at the rotating speed of 400 r/min. Centrifuging at 6000r/min to remove solids, concentrating to 25% of original volume, centrifuging at 6000r/min to remove solids, and sterilizing to obtain small peptide water solution.
Preparation example II-1
A microspherical small peptide chelated trace element is prepared by the following steps:
s1, adding 3kg of small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution into 10kg of gelatin aqueous solution at the temperature of 60 ℃, and stirring for 60min to obtain mixed solution I.
Wherein the mass fraction of the gelatin aqueous solution is 15%, the gelatin is pigskin gelatin, and is selected from Hebei Runsheng Biotech limited. The gelatin water solution is prepared by the following method: adding gelatin into water at 60 deg.C, and stirring for 60min to obtain gelatin water solution.
The small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution is prepared by the following method: 146g of zinc sulfate, 26g of copper sulfate, 54g of manganese sulfate and 162g of ferrous sulfate are added into 4kg of small peptide aqueous solution at the temperature of 60 ℃ under the stirring speed of 600r/min, and the small peptide aqueous solution is obtained by adopting the preparation example I-1. And after the addition is finished, continuously stirring for 60min, then adjusting the pH value of the small peptide aqueous solution to 7 by adopting sodium hydroxide, and continuously stirring for 4h to obtain the small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution.
S2, adding the mixed solution I into 80kg of an organic solvent at the temperature of 60 ℃ at the stirring speed of 600r/min, wherein the organic solvent is liquid paraffin and is selected from Jinxu Jinyan New Material Co., Ltd, and the mixed solution I is added into the organic solvent at the speed of 3 g/min. And after the addition is finished, stirring for 4h, cooling to 4 ℃, stirring for 50min, filtering by using filter paper, washing by using 5kg of isopropanol, and washing for 3 times to obtain a primary finished product.
S3, adding the primary finished product into 40kg of glutaraldehyde aqueous solution at the temperature of 4 ℃, stirring for 13h, filtering by using filter paper, washing by using 5kg of water for 5 times, and freeze-drying to obtain the microspheres I, wherein the mass fraction of the glutaraldehyde aqueous solution is 10%.
S4, adding 1.5kg of ethyl cellulose into 7.5kg of 60 ℃ cyclohexane ethanol solution, wherein the solvent in the cyclohexane ethanol solution is ethanol, namely the cyclohexane ethanol solution is a mixture of cyclohexane and ethanol, the mass fraction of the cyclohexane ethanol solution is 10%, the ethyl cellulose is selected from the pharmaceutical excipients of Xian Jinxiang, and the mixture is stirred for 2 hours to obtain a mixed solution II.
S5, adding the mixed solution II into 7.5kg of 60 ℃ cyclohexane water solution, wherein the mass fraction of the cyclohexane water solution is 40%, and stirring for 40 min. Then adding 5kg of microspheres I, stirring for 10min, standing for 40min, filtering with filter paper, cooling to 25 ℃, washing with 0.5kg of isopropanol for 3 times, washing with 0.5kg of water for 5 times, and freeze-drying to obtain microspheres II.
S6, adding the microspheres II into 15kg of gelatin water solution at the temperature of 60 ℃, stirring for 10min, standing for 40min, filtering by using filter paper, cooling to 25 ℃, washing by using 0.5kg of isopropanol for 3 times, washing by using 0.5kg of water for 5 times, and freeze-drying to obtain the microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements.
Wherein the mass fraction of the gelatin aqueous solution is 15%, the gelatin is pigskin gelatin, and is selected from Hebei Runsheng Biotech limited. The gelatin water solution is prepared by the following method: adding gelatin into water at 60 deg.C, and stirring for 60min to obtain gelatin water solution.
Preparation example II-2
The microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements are different from those in the preparation example II-1 in that the mass fractions of gelatin aqueous solutions in the steps S1 and S6 are both 10%, and the rest parts are the same as those in the preparation example II-1.
Preparation example II-3
The microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements are different from those in the preparation example II-1 in that the mass fractions of gelatin aqueous solutions in the steps S1 and S6 are both 20%, and the rest parts are the same as those in the preparation example II-1.
Preparation example II-4
The microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements are different from those in the preparation example II-1 in that the mass fractions of gelatin aqueous solutions in the steps S1 and S6 are both 25%, and the rest parts are the same as those in the preparation example II-1.
Preparation example II-5
A microspherical small peptide chelated trace element is different from that of preparation example II-1 in that in step S1, the amount of small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution is 1kg, and the rest is the same as that of preparation example II-1.
Preparation example II-6
A microspherical small peptide chelated trace element is different from that of preparation example II-1 in that in step S1, the amount of small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution is 5kg, and the rest is the same as that of preparation example II-1.
Preparation examples II to 7
A microspherical small peptide chelated trace element is different from that of preparation example II-1 in that 8kg of small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution is used in step S1, and the rest is the same as that of preparation example II-1.
Preparation examples II to 8
The microspherical small peptide chelated trace element is different from the preparation example II-1 in that the using amounts of zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate and ferrous sulfate in a small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution are respectively 134g, 24g, 50g and 150g in sequence, and the rest parts are the same as the preparation example II-1.
Preparation examples II to 9
The microspherical small peptide chelated trace element is different from the preparation example II-1 in that the using amounts of zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate and ferrous sulfate in a small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution are 164g, 28g, 60g and 170g respectively, and the rest parts are the same as the preparation example II-1.
Preparation of comparative example
Preparation of comparative example 1
A microspherical small peptide chelated trace element, which is different from preparation II-1 in that the treatment of step S4 and step S5 are not performed, and the rest is the same as preparation II-1.
Preparation of comparative example 2
A microspherical small peptide chelated trace element, which is different from preparation II-1 in that the step S4 is not performed, and the rest is the same as preparation II-1.
Performance detection test of microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements
The microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements obtained in the preparation examples II-1 to II-9, the preparation comparative example 1 and the preparation comparative example 2 are respectively taken as samples, the following performance tests are carried out on the samples, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
Wherein, the following method is adopted: adding 5g of sample into 100mL of normal saline, standing for 1h at 37 ℃ with the mass concentration of the normal saline of 0.9%, and filtering to obtain solid and filtrate. The solid was pressed and the state of the solid was observed. And detecting the total metal dissolution of zinc, copper, manganese and iron in the filtrate.
TABLE 1 detection results of microspherical small peptide chelated microelements
Referring to fig. 1, the appearance of the microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements of preparation example II-1 of the present application is uniform spherical. As can be seen from table 1, the microspherical small peptide chelate trace elements of the present application have a uniform spherical appearance, good elasticity, and low total metal dissolution.
Comparing the preparation example II-1, the preparation comparative example 1 and the preparation comparative example 2, the microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements prepared in the preparation comparative example 1 are cracked when the compression deformation is below 60%, so that the microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements are cracked and released conveniently, but the total metal dissolution is high, and the increase of the zinc content in the rumen of the bull affects the digestive system of the bull. The microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements in the comparative example 2 are prepared, total metal dissolution is not detected, the influence of the rumen zinc content of the bulls is reduced, but the microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements can rebound rapidly and cannot crack under the compression deformation of 70 percent, so that the microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements are not convenient to crack and release the small peptide chelated trace elements. The microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements prepared in the preparation example II-1 are cracked when the compression deformation is 65%, the total metal dissolution is not detected, and the synergistic effect among the outer gelatin layer, the ethyl cellulose layer and the inner gelatin layer is utilized, so that the cracking of the microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements is facilitated, and the influence of the zinc content in the rumen of a bull is reduced.
When the production examples II-1 to II-4 were compared, it was found that cracking occurred at 25% by mass of the gelatin aqueous solution and 55% by compression set. At a mass fraction of the gelatin aqueous solution of 20% and a compression set of 60%, it was broken. At a mass fraction of the gelatin aqueous solution of 15% and a compression set of 65%, it was broken. At a mass fraction of 10% in the gelatin aqueous solution and a compression set of 70%, it was broken. When the mass fraction of the gelatin aqueous solution is 15-20%, the compression deformation is 60% and 65% and the gelatin aqueous solution is broken, the micro-spheroidized small peptide chelated trace elements can smoothly enter the valvular stomach through the rumen of the bull, and the micro-spheroidized small peptide chelated trace elements are conveniently crushed and released.
When the production examples II-1, II-5 and II-7 were compared, it was found that the microspherical small peptide chelated trace element exhibited good elasticity when the amount of the small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution used was 1kg or 3kg, i.e., the weight ratio of the gelatin aqueous solution to the small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution of step S1 was 1 (0.3 to 0.8), and the compression set was 60% or 65% and the rupture occurred.
Examples
TABLE 2 examples of the contents of the respective raw materials of the high-zinc feed additive (unit: kg)
| Examples | Example 1 | Example 10 | Example 11 |
| Aqueous solution of small peptides | 5 | 8 | 2 |
| Microspherized small peptide chelated microelements | 5 | 2 | 8 |
| Lactic acid bacteria | 1.5 | 1 | 2 |
| Urea | 6 | 7 | 5 |
| Corn protein powder | 20 | 15 | 25 |
Example 1
A high-zinc feed additive for improving reproductive performance of bulls comprises the raw materials in the proportion shown in Table 2.
Wherein the lactobacillus is selected from Guangzhou micro-Rewang Biotechnology GmbH; the urea is selected from Beijing Congpuwei science and technology limited; the corn protein powder is selected from the group consisting of Nippon Biotechnology group, Inc.
The small peptide aqueous solution is obtained by adopting preparation example I-1; the microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements are obtained by adopting the preparation example II-1.
A preparation method of a high-zinc feed additive for improving reproductive performance of bulls comprises the following steps:
mixing lactobacillus, urea and corn protein powder, stirring for 40min, adding small peptide water solution, stirring for 40min, adding micro-spherical small peptide chelated microelements, and stirring for 30min to obtain the high-zinc feed additive.
Examples 2 to 9
A high-zinc feed additive for improving the reproductive performance of bulls is characterized in that examples 2-9 and example 1 are different in microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements, and the rest is the same as example 1, and the microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements in examples 2-9 are obtained by respectively adopting preparation example II-2, preparation example II-3, preparation example II-4, preparation example II-5, preparation example II-6, preparation example II-7, preparation example II-8 and preparation example II-9 in sequence.
Examples 10 to 11
The high-zinc feed additive for improving the reproductive performance of bulls is different from that in example 1 in the raw material ratio shown in Table 2, and the rest is the same as that in example 1.
Application example
Application example 1
A feed for improving breeding performance of bulls is prepared by mixing the following raw materials: 50kg of corn, 1kg of corn bran, 5kg of cottonseed meal, 6kg of soybean meal, 5kg of sweet potato, 4kg of beer yeast powder, 1kg of glutamic acid residue, 1kg of cane molasses, 0.3kg of salt, 2kg of calcium supplement, 2.5kg of buffering agent and 3.7kg of high-zinc feed additive.
Wherein the corn bran, the cottonseed meal and the soybean meal are selected from Shijiazhuang agricultural and sideline products GmbH; the beer yeast powder is selected from Corne Biotech limited; the glutamic acid residues are selected from Amelanchier-less green organisms Limited; the sugar cane molasses is selected from Xuzhou, Baolai agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd; the salt is edible salt and is selected from Shandong Intelligent development chemical New materials Co; the calcium supplement is limestone powder and is selected from Zhengzhou Ming Rui chemical products Co., Ltd; the buffer is sodium bicarbonate; the high-zinc feed additive is obtained by adopting example 1.
Application examples 2 to 11
A feed for improving breeding performance of bulls is characterized in that high-zinc feed additives are different, the rest parts are the same as the feed in application example 1, and the additives in application examples 2-11 are obtained by respectively adopting examples 2-11 in sequence.
Comparative application
Application comparative example 1
The feed for improving the breeding performance of the bulls is characterized in that the raw materials of the high-zinc feed additive are equivalent in small peptide chelated trace elements instead of micro-spheroidized small peptide chelated trace elements, and the rest parts are the same as the feed in application example 1.
Wherein, the small peptide chelated trace elements are prepared by the following method: 146g of zinc sulfate, 26g of copper sulfate, 54g of manganese sulfate and 162g of ferrous sulfate are added into 4kg of small peptide aqueous solution at the temperature of 60 ℃ under the stirring speed of 600r/min, and the small peptide aqueous solution is obtained by adopting the preparation example I-1. And after the addition is finished, continuously stirring for 60min, then adjusting the pH value of the small peptide aqueous solution to 7 by adopting sodium hydroxide, continuously stirring for 4h, and cooling to 25 ℃ to obtain the small peptide chelated trace elements.
Comparative application example 2
The feed for improving the breeding performance of the bulls is characterized in that the raw materials of the high-zinc feed additive are not added with micro-spherical small peptide chelated trace elements, and the rest parts are the same as the feed in the application example 1.
Comparative application example 3
A feed for improving breeding performance of bulls is characterized in that small peptide aqueous solution is not added in raw materials of a high-zinc feed additive, and the rest parts are the same as the feed in application example 1.
Application comparative example 4
The feed for improving the breeding performance of the bulls is characterized in that the raw materials of the high-zinc feed additive are not added with micro-spherical small peptide chelated microelements and small peptide aqueous solution, and the rest parts are the same as the feed in application example 1.
Comparative application example 5
The feed for improving the breeding performance of the bulls is characterized in that the raw materials of the high-zinc feed additive are different in micro-spherical small peptide chelated trace elements, the rest raw materials are the same as those in the application example 1, and the micro-spherical small peptide chelated trace elements are prepared in the comparative example 1.
Comparative application example 6
The feed for improving the breeding performance of the bulls is characterized in that the raw materials of the high-zinc feed additive are different in micro-spherical small peptide chelated trace elements, the rest raw materials are the same as those in the application example 1, and the micro-spherical small peptide chelated trace elements are prepared in a comparative example 2.
Comparative example
A feed for improving breeding performance of bulls is characterized in that a high-zinc feed additive is not added in raw materials of the feed, and the rest raw materials are the same as the feed in application example 1.
Performance test of high-zinc feed additive
180 Angus bulls with good health status are selected from a cattle farm and randomly divided into 18 groups, 10 bulls in each group are fed with the feed obtained in application examples 1-11 in sequence, 1-11 bulls in each group are fed with the feed obtained in application examples 1-11 in sequence, 12-17 bulls in each group are fed with the feed obtained in application examples 1-6 in sequence, 18 bulls in each group are fed with the feed obtained in the comparison example, each bull is fed twice a day, the feeding time is 8 o 'clock earlier and 6 o' clock later, and the feeding amount is 13kg each time, and water is freely drunk. The bulls in each group were continuously fed for 15 days, and the vigor, sperm density and sperm teratospermia of the bulls in each group were measured, and the average values were used as the final results, and the measurement results are shown in table 3.
Wherein, according to GB4143-2008 'frozen bovine semen', the vigor, sperm density and sperm abnormality rate of the sample are detected.
TABLE 3 test results of the effect of the feed
| Detecting items | Sperm motility/(%) | Sperm density/(10)8one/mL) | Sperm teratogenesis/(%) |
| Application example 1 | 79.83 | 11.84 | 8.76 |
| Application example 2 | 79.12 | 11.73 | 8.81 |
| Application example 3 | 79.91 | 11.99 | 8.68 |
| Application example 4 | 78.83 | 11.69 | 8.93 |
| Application example 5 | 77.82 | 11.58 | 9.12 |
| Application example 6 | 78.64 | 11.66 | 8.96 |
| Application example 7 | 76.46 | 11.49 | 9.34 |
| Application example 8 | 78.81 | 11.74 | 8.98 |
| Application example 9 | 79.14 | 11.78 | 8.85 |
| Applications ofExample 10 | 78.68 | 11.69 | 8.94 |
| Application example 11 | 77.89 | 11.61 | 9.08 |
| Application comparative example 1 | 73.74 | 10.64 | 10.47 |
| Comparative application example 2 | 68.45 | 10.14 | 12.28 |
| Comparative application example 3 | 75.11 | 11.19 | 9.72 |
| Application comparative example 4 | 65.38 | 9.58 | 12.34 |
| Comparative application example 5 | 75.93 | 11.24 | 9.68 |
| Comparative application example 6 | 76.15 | 11.32 | 9.52 |
| Comparative example | 64.82 | 9.54 | 12.46 |
As can be seen from Table 3, the high-zinc feed additive of the present application, when applied to feed, can effectively improve sperm motility and sperm density, wherein the sperm motility is 76.46-79.91%, and the sperm density is 11.49 × 108-11.99×108Compared with the control example, the sperm motility is improved by 15.09% to the maximum, and the sperm density is improved by 25.68% to the maximum. But also effectively reduces the sperm teratogenesis rate which is 8.68-9.34 percent and is reduced by 3.78 percent compared with the control example. Therefore, the high-zinc feed additive can improve the sperm quality of the bull, improve the reproductive performance of the bull and meet the market demand.
Comparing application example 1 with application comparative example 1, application comparative example 5 and application comparative example 6, it can be seen that adding the micro-spheroidized small peptide chelated trace elements into the high-zinc feed additive, and sequentially adopting gelatin, ethyl cellulose and gelatin to carry out three-layer coating on the small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution, so that the quality of the bull sperms can be effectively improved. And then, the comparison is carried out by combining with application comparative examples 2-4, so that the quality of the bull sperms can be improved by adding small peptide aqueous solution and micro-spherical small peptide chelated trace elements into the high-zinc feed additive and utilizing the synergistic effect between the small peptide aqueous solution and the micro-spherical small peptide chelated trace elements.
By comparing application example 1 with application examples 2 to 4, it can be seen that the effect of using the microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements obtained in preparation examples II-1 and II-3 is superior to that of the microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements obtained in preparation examples II-2 and II-4.
Comparing application example 1 with application examples 5-7, it can be seen that, with the increase of the usage amount of the small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution, the sperm motility and the sperm density tend to increase first and then decrease, which may be due to the fact that the excessive trace elements are larger than the demand amount of bulls, so that antagonism is generated, and the absorption of other nutrients is also influenced, so that the sperm quality is reduced.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A high-zinc feed additive for improving reproductive performance of bulls is characterized in that: the traditional Chinese medicine composition is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-8 parts of small peptide aqueous solution, 2-8 parts of micro-spherical small peptide chelated trace elements, 1-2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 5-7 parts of urea and 15-25 parts of corn protein powder;
the micro spheroidized small peptide chelated trace element is obtained by sequentially treating a small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution with gelatin, ethyl cellulose and gelatin, wherein the small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution is prepared from a small peptide aqueous solution and inorganic salt, and the inorganic salt is zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate and ferrous sulfate;
the adding amounts of zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate and ferrous sulfate in each 2kg of small peptide water solution are 67-82g, 12-14g, 25-30g and 75-85g respectively.
2. The high-zinc feed additive for improving the reproductive performance of bulls according to claim 1, wherein the high-zinc feed additive comprises: the addition amounts of zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate and ferrous sulfate in each 2kg of small peptide aqueous solution are respectively 73g, 13g, 27g and 81 g.
3. The high-zinc feed additive for improving the reproductive performance of bulls according to claim 1, wherein the high-zinc feed additive comprises: the small peptide aqueous solution is prepared by the following method:
crushing animal skin to obtain particles, then placing the particles in a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution at the temperature of 95-105 ℃, stirring for 12-15h, filtering, concentrating to 20-30% of the original volume, filtering, and sterilizing to obtain a small peptide aqueous solution;
and the weight ratio of the particles to the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution is 1 (7-9), and the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution is 20-25%.
4. The high-zinc feed additive for improving the reproductive performance of bulls according to claim 1, wherein the high-zinc feed additive comprises: the small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution is prepared by the following method:
adding zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate and ferrous sulfate into small peptide aqueous solution at 50-70 deg.C under stirring, continuously stirring for 50-60min, adjusting pH of the small peptide aqueous solution to 6.5-7.5, and continuously stirring for 3-5h to obtain small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution.
5. The high-zinc feed additive for improving the reproductive performance of bulls according to claim 1, wherein the high-zinc feed additive comprises: the micro spheroidized small peptide chelated trace elements are prepared by the following method:
s1, adding small peptide chelated trace element aqueous solution into gelatin aqueous solution at the temperature of 50-70 ℃, and stirring for 50-60min to obtain mixed solution I;
s2, adding the mixed solution I into an organic solvent at the temperature of 50-70 ℃ under continuous stirring, stirring for 3-5h after the addition is finished, cooling to 2-5 ℃, stirring for 30-50min, filtering, and washing to obtain a primary finished product;
s3, adding the primary finished product into a glutaraldehyde aqueous solution at the temperature of 2-5 ℃, stirring for 10-15h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain microspheres I;
s4, adding ethyl cellulose into a 50-70 ℃ ethylene glycol solution, and stirring for 1-3h to obtain a mixed solution II;
s5, adding the mixed solution II into a cyclohexane water solution at the temperature of 50-70 ℃, stirring for 30-50min, then adding the microspheres I, stirring for 5-15min, standing for 30-50min, filtering, cooling, washing and drying to obtain microspheres II;
s6, adding the microspheres II into a gelatin water solution at the temperature of 50-70 ℃, stirring for 5-15min, standing for 30-50min, filtering, cooling, washing and drying to obtain microspherical small peptide chelated trace elements;
the gelatin aqueous solution in the step S1 is the same as the gelatin aqueous solution in the step S6, the mass fraction of the gelatin aqueous solution is 15-20%, the mass fraction of the glutaraldehyde aqueous solution is 8-15%, the mass fraction of the cyclohexane ethanol solution is 15-20%, and the mass fraction of the cyclohexane aqueous solution is 30-50%;
the weight ratio of the gelatin water solution, the small peptide chelated trace element water solution, the organic solvent and the glutaraldehyde water solution in the step S1 is 1 (0.1-0.5): (6-10): 3-5); the weight ratio of the ethylene alcohol solution, the ethyl cellulose, the ethylene aqueous solution, the gelatin aqueous solution in the step S6 and the microspheres I is (1-2): (0.2-0.4): (1-2): (2-4): 1.
6. The high-zinc feed additive for improving the reproductive performance of bulls according to claim 5, wherein the high-zinc feed additive comprises: in the preparation of the micro spheroidized small peptide chelated trace elements, the mixed solution I is added into the organic solvent at the speed of 1-10 g/min.
7. The high-zinc feed additive for improving the reproductive performance of bulls according to claim 6, wherein the high-zinc feed additive comprises: the gelatin aqueous solution is prepared by the following method: adding gelatin into water at 50-70 deg.C, and stirring for 50-60min to obtain gelatin water solution.
8. A method for preparing the high-zinc feed additive for improving the reproductive performance of bulls according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
mixing lactobacillus, urea and corn protein powder, stirring for 30-40min, adding small peptide water solution, stirring for 30-40min, adding micro-spherical small peptide chelated microelements, and stirring for 20-30min to obtain the high-zinc feed additive.
9. Use of the high zinc feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for improving reproductive performance of bulls in feed for improving reproductive performance of bulls.
10. The feed for improving the breeding performance of the bulls is characterized in that: the traditional Chinese medicine composition is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 480-520 parts of corn-;
the high-zinc feed additive is the high-zinc feed additive for improving the reproductive performance of bulls as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.
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