CN114374199B - Energy storage system - Google Patents
Energy storage system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114374199B CN114374199B CN202210079234.4A CN202210079234A CN114374199B CN 114374199 B CN114374199 B CN 114374199B CN 202210079234 A CN202210079234 A CN 202210079234A CN 114374199 B CN114374199 B CN 114374199B
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- battery unit
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- storage system
- energy storage
- conversion circuit
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 33
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
- H02J1/10—Parallel operation of DC sources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
- H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
- H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an energy storage system, which controls a corresponding battery unit and current supply equipment connected with a direct current bus to form a passage for electric energy conversion and transmission when the temperature of at least one battery unit is lower than a preset temperature; because the battery unit has a certain internal resistance, joule heat can be generated on the internal resistance in the process of carrying out electric energy transmission with the current supply equipment, thereby achieving the purpose of heating the battery unit; and the battery unit is heated through electric energy transmission, and the heat is from the inside of the battery unit, so that the battery unit is heated uniformly and quickly. In addition, the process of the electric energy transmission can be realized by means of a corresponding circuit in the energy storage system without adding any external equipment, so that the problems of high cost, complex structure and low safety caused by adding the external equipment are avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to an energy storage system.
Background
The storage and conversion of clean energy are significant for solving global warming, and lithium ion batteries are widely researched and focused on the advantages of high power, high energy density, low self-discharge rate, no memory effect, long cycle life, environmental friendliness and the like.
However, the external characteristics of lithium ion power batteries are susceptible to environmental temperature, especially in low temperature environments, the capacity of the lithium ion power batteries is reduced, and the lithium ion power batteries are not only not fully charged but also damaged when being charged at low temperature, so that the service lives of the batteries and the effective capacity of the batteries are reduced. Therefore, under the low-temperature environment, the battery needs to be preheated before being used, so that the inner core of the battery reaches the normal working temperature range.
The traditional battery preheating method mainly adopts an air conditioner to heat the battery externally through gas, so that the process is slow, and the heating is uneven; in addition, in the prior art, a method of adopting equipment such as liquid, phase change material, electric heating wire and the like to carry out external heating is adopted, so that the heating is uneven, and the structure is complex, the cost is high, and the safety is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides an energy storage system, which heats a battery unit by converting and transmitting electric energy between the battery unit and a current supply device connected with a direct current bus, so as to avoid the problems of high cost, complex structure and low safety caused by adding external devices, and has uniform heating and high speed.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
The first aspect of the present invention provides an energy storage system comprising: the device comprises a controller, a DC/AC conversion circuit, at least two battery units and a transmission branch thereof; wherein,
Each battery unit is connected with a direct current bus of the DC/AC conversion circuit through a corresponding transmission branch;
a bus capacitor is arranged between the anode and the cathode of the direct current bus;
The alternating current side of the DC/AC conversion circuit is connected with a power grid and/or a load;
The controller is used for controlling the transmission branches and the DC/AC conversion circuit to work, so that the battery units realize electric energy conversion and transmission with the power grid and/or the load; and the controller is also used for controlling the corresponding battery unit and the current supply equipment connected to the direct current bus to form an electric energy conversion and transmission passage when the temperature of at least one battery unit is lower than a preset temperature so as to heat the corresponding battery unit.
Optionally, when the controller is configured to heat the corresponding battery unit, the passage includes: and the equipment between the current supply equipment and the direct current bus and the transmission branch of the corresponding battery unit.
Optionally, the transmission branch includes: a DC/DC conversion circuit;
The flow supply device comprises: at least one other of the battery cells;
the controller is used for heating the corresponding battery unit, and is specifically used for: and controlling the DC/DC conversion circuit between the current supply equipment and the corresponding battery unit to charge and discharge the corresponding battery unit at a preset frequency.
Optionally, the charging and discharging current transmitted to the dc bus by the current supply device has a current value of: stable or varying according to at least one of the thermal and electrical parameters of the respective battery cell.
Optionally, the charge and discharge current transmitted to the direct current bus by the current supply device is positive and negative current which periodically appears; and its appearance period is adjustable.
Optionally, if the temperature of each of the battery units is lower than the preset temperature, the controller alternately heats each of the battery units one by one or in batches.
Optionally, the method further comprises: at least two isolation devices; each battery unit is connected with the alternating current side of the DC/AC conversion circuit through the corresponding isolation device;
the controller is used for heating the corresponding battery units, and the passage comprises: the device between the current supply device and the direct current bus, the DC/AC conversion circuit and the isolation device connected with the corresponding battery unit.
Optionally, the transmission branch includes: the circuit breaker is arranged on the positive pole branch and/or the negative pole branch;
the controller is used for heating the corresponding battery unit, and is specifically used for: and controlling the current supply equipment to charge the direct current bus, controlling the DC/AC conversion circuit to work, and carrying out charging and discharging with preset frequency on the corresponding battery unit through the isolation device connected with the corresponding battery unit.
Optionally, the alternating current output by the DC/AC conversion circuit has a current value of: stable or varying according to at least one of the thermal and electrical parameters of the respective battery cell.
Optionally, the flow supply device is: at least one other battery unit or at least one path of photovoltaic group string.
Optionally, if the temperature of each battery unit is lower than the preset temperature, then:
when the flow supply equipment is at least one other battery unit, the controller carries out staggered heating on each battery unit one by one or in batches;
when the current supply equipment is at least one path of photovoltaic group string, the controller heats each battery unit one by one, in batches or in a unified way.
Optionally, the controller is further configured to, after controlling the formation of the passages between the respective battery cells and the flow supply device: detecting alternating-current side voltage and current of the DC/AC conversion circuit, determining internal resistance of the corresponding battery unit, and judging current quality of the corresponding battery unit according to the internal resistance.
Optionally, the controller is specifically configured to, when detecting an AC side voltage and a current of the DC/AC conversion circuit and determining an internal resistance of the corresponding battery cell: and determining the internal resistance of the corresponding battery unit at each frequency by changing the frequency of charging and discharging the corresponding battery unit and detecting the alternating-current side voltage and current of the DC/AC conversion circuit at each frequency.
Optionally, the isolation device includes: the direct current isolation device and the switch are arranged on the positive pole branch and/or the negative pole branch and are connected with the corresponding battery units in series;
the switch is controlled by the controller and is in a closed state when the temperature of the corresponding battery unit is lower than the preset temperature.
Optionally, the dc isolation device is a capacitor.
Optionally, the method further comprises: an alternating current circuit breaker arranged between the alternating current side of the DC/AC conversion circuit and the grid and/or the load.
Optionally, the controller is configured to, when heating the corresponding battery unit, specifically: before the energy storage system works normally, heating the corresponding battery unit; or heating the corresponding battery unit while the energy storage system works normally.
Optionally, the controller is further configured to, when heating the corresponding battery cell: and monitoring the thermal parameter and the electrical parameter of the power supply in real time, and reducing the absolute value of the current in the passage if the thermal parameter exceeds the corresponding upper limit value or the electrical parameter exceeds the corresponding range.
Optionally, when the temperature of at least one of the battery units is lower than a preset temperature, the controller is further configured to: firstly judging whether the electric parameters of the corresponding battery units are in the corresponding range; heating the corresponding battery unit if the electric parameters are in the corresponding ranges; otherwise, the corresponding battery unit is not heated.
When the temperature of at least one battery unit is lower than a preset temperature, the energy storage system controls the corresponding battery unit and the current supply equipment connected with the direct current bus to form a passage for electric energy conversion and transmission; because the battery unit has a certain internal resistance, joule heat can be generated on the internal resistance in the process of carrying out electric energy transmission with the current supply equipment, thereby achieving the purpose of heating the battery unit; and the battery unit is heated through electric energy transmission, and the heat is from the inside of the battery unit, so that the battery unit is heated uniformly and quickly. In addition, the process of the electric energy transmission can be realized by means of a corresponding circuit in the energy storage system without adding any external equipment, so that the problems of high cost, complex structure and low safety caused by adding the external equipment are avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the embodiments or the drawings to be used in the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of an energy storage system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of an energy storage system according to the present invention;
FIG. 4a is a graph showing current waveforms on the conversion branches of two DC/DC conversion circuits in the configuration of FIG. 3;
FIG. 4b is a schematic waveform diagram of the effective value of the charge-discharge current according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5a and 5b are schematic views of two other structures of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6a, fig. 6b and fig. 6c are schematic views of three structures of an isolation device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the present disclosure, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
In order to realize the heating of the battery unit, in the prior art, a hardware adding mode has the disadvantages of high cost, complex system and low safety; the heating mode of the air conditioner is adopted, so that the time is too long; moreover, both have a problem of uneven heating. Therefore, the invention provides the energy storage system, which heats the battery unit by converting and transmitting electric energy between the battery unit and the current supply equipment connected with the direct current bus, thereby avoiding the problems of high cost, complex structure and low safety caused by adding external equipment, and having uniform heating and high speed.
As shown in fig. 1, the energy storage system includes: a controller (not shown), a DC/AC conversion circuit 101, at least two battery cells 103 and a transmission branch 102; wherein:
Each battery unit 103 is connected to the DC bus of the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 through a corresponding transmission branch 102, and each transmission branch 102 is used for realizing electric energy transmission between the corresponding battery unit 102 and the DC bus. A bus capacitor is arranged between the anode and the cathode of the direct current bus, and the bus capacitor comprises a C1 (the voltage of which is VbusP) and a C2 (the voltage of which is VbusN). The AC side of the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 is connected to the grid and/or the load.
The battery cell 103 may be a battery cluster, a battery pack, or the like. The energy storage system can be applied to a photovoltaic power generation system, and in this case, in order to match the voltage of a photovoltaic string in the photovoltaic power generation system, the battery unit 103 is preferably a battery cluster. Depending on the specific application environment, the method is within the protection scope of the application.
When the energy storage system is applied to a photovoltaic power generation system, each battery unit 103 and each photovoltaic string can share the DC/AC conversion circuit 101, that is, at least one path of photovoltaic string can be connected to the DC bus; each photovoltaic string may be connected to a DC bus through a corresponding DC/DC conversion circuit (such as the DC/DCm shown in fig. 2), or may be connected to a DC bus through a corresponding circuit breaker. In this case, the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 may have a circuit structure inside the energy storage system or may have a circuit structure in the photovoltaic power generation system inverter; depending on the specific application environment, the method is within the protection scope of the application.
Normally, the controller is used for controlling each transmission branch 102 and the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 to work, so that each battery unit 103 realizes electric energy conversion and transmission with the power grid and/or the load; for example, each battery unit 103 is controlled to output electric energy, and the electric energy sequentially passes through the corresponding transmission branch 102 and the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 to supply power to a power grid and/or a load; or each battery unit 103 is controlled to sequentially pass through the corresponding transmission branch 102 and the DC/AC conversion circuit 101, and electric energy is received from the power grid for charging; alternatively, each battery unit 103 may be controlled to receive electric energy from the photovoltaic string through the dc bus for charging.
In addition, the controller is further configured to: when the temperature of at least one battery unit 103 is lower than a preset temperature, controlling the corresponding battery unit 103 and current supply equipment connected to a direct current bus to form a passage for electric energy conversion and transmission; at this time, the current supply device may provide the object of current circulation for the corresponding battery unit 103 through the dc bus, and since the battery unit 103 has a certain internal resistance, joule heat may be generated on the internal resistance in the process of performing power transmission, so as to achieve the purpose of heating itself. For example, in practical applications, at least one other battery unit 103 may be used as the current supply device, and the current battery unit 103 that needs to be heated may be formed with the above-mentioned path, and be heated by electric energy transmission.
In the energy storage system provided in this embodiment, the battery unit 103 is heated by electric energy transmission, and the heat is from the inside of the battery unit 103, so that the heating is uniform and the heating speed is high. In addition, the process of the electric energy transmission can be realized by means of a corresponding circuit in the energy storage system without adding any external equipment, so that the problems of high cost, complex structure and low safety caused by adding the external equipment are avoided.
In addition, the process of heating the corresponding battery unit 103 by the controller may be specifically performed before the energy storage system works normally, or may be performed while the energy storage system works normally; depending on the specific application environment, the method is within the protection scope of the application.
It should be noted that, the lower the temperature, the more easily the battery cells 103 will be, because of the over-voltage caused by the charging (exceeding their maximum value Vmax) or the under-voltage caused by the discharging (being lower than their minimum value Vmin), or the SOC (State of Charge, also called residual Charge) thereof exceeds the corresponding maximum value SOCmax or is lower than the corresponding minimum value SOCmin, so that, in practical applications, each battery cell 103 may be sampled with its temperature (such as Temp1 and Tempn shown in fig. 1), SOC value and voltage (such as Vrack1 and Vrackn shown in fig. 1); in addition, when the controller heats the corresponding battery unit 103, in order to prevent the battery unit 103 from being abnormal, the temperature, the voltage and the SOC of the battery unit 103 can be monitored in real time, if the temperature exceeds the upper limit value of the temperature, or the voltage or the SOC exceeds the corresponding range, the absolute value of the current in the channel is reduced, and the lowest value can reach 0; so that the temperature thereof does not exceed the temperature upper limit Tempmax, the voltage thereof is within the corresponding range [ Vmin, vmax ], and the SOC thereof is also within the corresponding range [ SOCmin, SOCmax ].
More preferably, when the controller finds that the temperature of at least one battery unit 103 is lower than the preset temperature, it may also determine whether the voltage or SOC of the corresponding battery unit 103 is within the corresponding range; if the voltage and the SOC are within the corresponding ranges, the corresponding battery unit 103 is heated; otherwise, the corresponding battery cell 103 is not heated, and the battery cell 103 is ensured to be in a normal state.
On the basis of the above embodiment, this embodiment gives a specific path example during heating, and as shown in fig. 3, each transmission branch 102 includes a DC/DC conversion circuit, which is specifically used to implement electric energy conversion and transmission between the corresponding battery cell 103 and the DC bus; when the controller is used to heat the respective battery cells 103, the passages formed between these battery cells 103 and the flow supply device for heating them specifically include: the devices between the current supply device and the dc bus, and the transmission branches 102 of the respective battery cells 103.
Moreover, the current supply device for heating these battery cells 103, in particular the other at least one battery cell 103; that is, the controller controls the different battery cells 103 to heat one of them via the DC/DC conversion circuit and the DC bus between them.
In order to realize the basic functions of each battery cell 103, each DC/DC conversion circuit is a DC/DC conversion circuit that can operate in both directions; more preferably, each DC/DC conversion circuit may further include a bypass circuit.
In practical applications, when the controller heats the corresponding battery unit 103, the controller is specifically configured to: the DC/DC conversion circuit between the current supply device and the corresponding battery cell 103 is controlled to charge and discharge the corresponding battery cell 103 at a preset frequency. Preferably, at any time, the battery unit 103 that discharges may specifically discharge through a bypass branch of the DC/DC conversion circuit, so that no current is flowing in the conversion branch of the DC/DC conversion circuit; the battery cell 103 to be charged is charged by the conversion function of the DC/DC conversion circuit.
That is, the controller monitors the temperature of each battery unit 103 in real time, and if the temperature of at least one battery unit 103 is lower than the preset temperature, the DC/DC conversion circuit thereof is charged and discharged back and forth at a certain preset frequency, so that the corresponding battery unit 103 can be charged and discharged back and forth at the preset frequency, and the preset frequency can be 10Hz specifically, but is not limited thereto; since the battery cell 103 has a certain internal resistance, the battery cell 103 can be heated by charging and discharging at a certain frequency.
Assuming that there are two battery units 103 in the energy storage system and their DC/DC conversion circuits, the specific control of the controller at a certain moment during the heating process will be: discharging one path of DC/DC conversion circuit and charging the other path of DC/DC conversion circuit; the charge and discharge current transmitted to the direct current bus by the current supply equipment is positive and negative current which periodically appears; and the occurrence period is adjustable, and the period is the reciprocal of the preset frequency. The upper half shown in fig. 4a is a current command for charging and discharging the corresponding battery cell 103, and the lower half shown in fig. 4a is an actual current for charging and discharging the corresponding battery cell 103.
In addition, the charging and discharging current transmitted to the direct current bus by the current supply device can be stable and unchanged in current value. Or the charge and discharge current may be varied according to at least one of the thermal and electrical parameters of the corresponding battery cell 103; the thermal parameter may be temperature and the electrical parameter may be voltage and SOC; for example, a curve of temperature may be used, for example, the lower the temperature is, the smaller the current is, i.e. the lower the effective value of the charge-discharge current is, and the higher the temperature is, the larger the current is, i.e. the higher the effective value of the charge-discharge current is, and fig. 4b is a schematic waveform diagram showing the change of the effective value of the charge-discharge current along with the temperature; moreover, when its temperature exceeds the upper temperature limit, or its voltage or SOC exceeds the corresponding range, the absolute value of the current in the path is reduced, and the lowest value can be 0; so that the temperature thereof does not exceed the temperature upper limit Tempmax, the voltage thereof is within the corresponding range [ Vmin, vmax ], and the SOC thereof is also within the corresponding range [ SOCmin, SOCmax ].
One common scenario is that, due to the low ambient temperature, the temperature of each battery unit 103 is lower than the preset temperature, and at this time, the controller may heat each battery unit 103 alternately one by one or in batches. When the staggered heating mode is adopted, the battery units 103 can be grouped and then simultaneously subjected to staggered heating, and the number of the battery units 103 in each group is not limited, and one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one or many-to-many heating can be performed according to the specific application environment. Or alternatively, the staggered heating can be performed according to a certain sequence, the number of each staggered heating is not limited, even the object in each staggered heating can be repeated, and the method is within the protection scope of the application according to the specific application environment.
In practical application, due to reasons such as placement positions, the temperature of each battery unit 103 may not be reduced below the preset temperature at the same time, so that the heating sequence may be determined according to the real-time temperature detection result; depending on the specific application environment, the method is within the protection scope of the application.
It should be noted that, when at least one other battery unit 103 is used as the current supply device to heat the battery unit 103 that needs to be heated currently, since the battery unit 103 as the current supply device also has power transmission, i.e. joule heat is generated, so that the battery unit can heat itself, in the staggered heating mode, each heating process can heat both sides, and it is not necessary to perform role exchange for each group of battery units 103 that need to be heated alternately.
In this embodiment, the battery unit 103 can be heated without adding hardware; in addition, the heating process can flow energy among the battery units 103 under the condition of not interfering with the output of the energy storage system, so that popularization and application are facilitated.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides another specific path example during heating, as shown in fig. 5a, each of the transmission branches 102 in the energy storage system includes: circuit breakers (K1 to Kn as shown in the figure) provided on the positive and/or negative branches, which enable the transmission of electric energy between the respective battery cells 103 and the dc bus when in the closed state; at this time, each battery cell 103 does not have a corresponding DC/DC conversion circuit; furthermore, on the basis of fig. 1 or fig. 2, the energy storage system further comprises: at least two isolation devices 104; each battery cell 103 is connected to the AC side of the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 through a corresponding isolation device 104.
In this case, the controller is used in the path when heating the corresponding battery cell 103, and specifically includes: the equipment between the current supply equipment and the direct current bus, the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 and the isolation device 104 connected with the corresponding battery unit 103.
The current supply device for heating the battery units 103 may be specifically at least one other battery unit 103, or may be at least one photovoltaic string. When at least one other battery unit 103 is used as the current supply device and the corresponding battery unit 103 is heated, the device between the battery unit 103 and the direct current bus, namely the corresponding breaker thereof; when at least one photovoltaic string is used as the current supply device to heat the corresponding battery unit 103, the device between the photovoltaic string and the direct current bus, namely the DC/DC conversion circuit of the photovoltaic string.
When the controller is used to heat the respective battery cell 103, it is specifically used to: the current supply device is controlled to charge the direct current bus and the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 is controlled to work, and the charging and discharging of the preset frequency are carried out on the corresponding battery unit 103 through the isolation device 104 connected with the corresponding battery unit 103.
That is, the controller monitors the temperature of each battery unit 103 in real time, and if the temperature of at least one battery unit 103 is lower than a preset temperature, for example, the temperature Tempi of the ith battery unit 103 is lower than the preset temperature, the controller controls the current supply device, for example, the circuit breaker Kj of the jth battery unit 103 to be closed, controls the circuit breaker Ki to be opened and the ith isolation device 104 to be turned on, and then controls the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 to output alternating current, so that the ith battery unit 103 can charge and discharge back and forth at the preset frequency, thereby realizing heating.
Assuming that there are two battery cells 103 and their circuit breakers in the energy storage system, during the heating process:
The first step: charging the 2 nd battery cell 103 with the energy of the 1 st battery cell 103; the method comprises the following steps: when the temperature is lower than a preset temperature, for example, 0 degree, the breaker K1 is closed, and at this time, the isolation device 104 of the 1 st battery unit 103 is not operated, so that the 1 st battery unit 103 provides energy for the DC/AC conversion circuit 101, and the isolation device 104 of the 2 nd battery unit 103 is closed, so that the 1 st battery unit 103 supplies direct current to the DC/AC conversion circuit 101, and the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 outputs alternating current to the 2 nd battery unit 103 through the 2 nd isolation device 104 for AC charging.
And a second step of: charging the 1 st battery cell 103 with the energy of the 2 nd battery cell 103; the method comprises the following steps: when the temperature is lower than a preset temperature, for example, 0 degree, the breaker K2 is closed, and at this time, the isolation device 104 of the 2 nd battery unit 103 is not operated, so that the 2 nd battery unit 103 provides energy for the DC/AC conversion circuit 101, and the isolation device 104 of the 1 st battery unit 103 is closed, so that the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 is supplied with direct current through the 2 nd battery unit 103, and the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 outputs alternating current to perform alternating current charging for the 1 st battery unit 103 through the 1 st isolation device 104.
In practical applications, considering that the energy of a single battery unit 103 is affected by temperature, if the energy is insufficient, a plurality of circuit breakers (e.g. K1, K2 and K3) may be engaged to supply energy to the DC/AC conversion circuit 101, and then to heat one/more battery units 103. For example, taking 3 battery cells 103 as an example, the 3 rd battery cell 103 may be charged with the energy of the 1 st and 2 nd battery cells 103; the method comprises the following steps: when the temperature is lower than a preset temperature, such as 0 degree, the breakers K1 and K2 are closed, and at this time, the isolation devices 104 of the 1 st and 2 nd battery units 103 are not operated, so that the 1 st and 2 nd battery units 103 supply energy to the DC/AC conversion circuit 101, and the isolation devices 104 of the 3 rd battery unit 103 are closed, so that the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 is supplied with direct current through the 1 st and 2 nd battery units 103, and the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 outputs alternating current to the 3 rd battery unit 103 through the isolation devices 104 of the 3 rd battery unit 103 for AC charging.
For a system with a photovoltaic string on the DC side, as shown in fig. 5b, the energy of the photovoltaic string can be used to heat the corresponding battery cell 103 through the DC/DCm and the corresponding circuit breaker, without the need to draw in the circuit breaker of another battery cell 103. Of course, the solution of using other battery units 103 and photovoltaic strings at the same time is not excluded, and it is within the scope of the present application, depending on the specific application environment. The following describes in detail the case where both are respectively used as a flow supply device:
when the ambient temperature is low, resulting in the temperature of each battery cell 103 being lower than the preset temperature, the controller may heat each battery cell 103 one by one or in batches or even uniformly. Specific:
(1) If the flow supply device is at least one other battery unit 103, the controller can only heat each battery unit 103 alternately one by one or in batches.
When the staggered heating mode is adopted, the battery units 103 can be grouped and then simultaneously subjected to staggered heating, and the number of the battery units 103 in each group is not limited, and one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one or many-to-many heating can be performed according to the specific application environment. Or alternatively, the staggered heating can be performed according to a certain sequence, the number of each staggered heating is not limited, even the object in each staggered heating can be repeated, and the method is within the protection scope of the application according to the specific application environment.
At this time, each time of the staggered heating, both of the heating may be realized, but the battery cell 103 as the current supply device is operated only in the discharge state, so that its electrical parameters such as SOC and voltage are lowered; therefore, in order not to affect the equalization of each battery cell 103, it is preferable to control that each battery cell 103 performs the discharging process as the current supplying device approximately the same number of times, preferably.
(2) If the current supply device is at least one photovoltaic string, the controller may heat each of the battery units 103 one by one, in batches, or in a unified manner.
Since the photovoltaic string is used as the current supply device, each cell 103 can be heated at the same time; at this time, if the power of all the photovoltaic strings is low, it is preferable to adopt the unified heating method in the case of the ac breaker B1, to ensure that the power of the photovoltaic strings can achieve heating of all the battery cells 103; this approach can be employed in any case when the power of the entire string of photovoltaic groups is sufficient. Of course, the heating may be performed one by one or batchwise, and the number of each heating is not limited, and is determined according to the specific application environment, and all the heating methods are within the protection scope of the present application.
The photovoltaic string is adopted as the current supply equipment for heating, so that the SOC and voltage of each battery unit 103 are not influenced, and the system energy is saved.
In addition, if the temperature of each battery unit 103 does not decrease below the preset temperature at the same time, the heating sequence of each battery unit 103 may be determined according to the real-time temperature detection result; depending on the specific application environment, the method is within the protection scope of the application.
The AC current output from the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 has a current value of: stable or varying according to at least one of the thermal and electrical parameters of the respective battery cell 103; similar to the previous embodiment, the description is omitted here; for example, a schematic waveform of the effective value of the ac current as a function of temperature can be seen in fig. 4b.
The isolation device 104, as shown in fig. 6a to 6c, specifically includes: a dc isolation device and a switch S disposed on the positive electrode branch and/or the negative electrode branch and connected in series with the corresponding battery cell 103; the dc isolation device and the switch S may be connected in series to the positive branch of the corresponding battery cell 103 (as shown in fig. 6 a), may be connected in series to the negative branch of the corresponding battery cell 103 (as shown in fig. 6 b), and may be respectively disposed on the positive branch and the negative branch of the corresponding battery cell 103 and connected in series to the corresponding battery cell 103 (as shown in fig. 6 c); and the serial connection sequence of the three is not limited to that shown in fig. 6a to 6 c. The switch S is controlled by the controller and is in a closed state when the temperature of the corresponding battery cell 103 is lower than a preset temperature. The DC isolation device may specifically be a capacitor C, which can be used to pass AC and block DC, so as to prevent DC power of the corresponding battery unit 103 from being transferred to the AC side of the DC/AC conversion circuit 101, and the AC power of the AC side of the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 can be charged and discharged at a preset frequency for the corresponding battery unit 103 through the capacitor C.
Moreover, the energy storage system may further include: an AC circuit breaker B1 provided between the AC side of the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 and the grid and/or the load. The controller can realize the on-off control between the energy storage system and the power grid and/or the load by controlling the on-off of the alternating current switch B1; when the alternating current switch B1 is closed, the energy storage system can operate, and the alternating current on the alternating current side of the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 is required to meet grid connection requirements or load requirements; when the AC switch B1 is turned off, the energy storage system does not output externally, and the AC on the AC side of the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 can be set according to actual conditions; whether the energy storage system is connected to a power grid and/or a load, however, the implementation of the heating function of each battery unit 103 inside the energy storage system is not affected.
In this embodiment, for the energy storage system without the DC/DC conversion circuit, the corresponding battery unit 103 is charged and discharged by AC through the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 and the additional isolation device 104, so that the temperature of the corresponding battery unit 103 can be quickly raised at a lower cost, and the output of the energy storage system can be not interfered, so that the heating function of the energy storage system can be realized through the energy flow of the battery unit 103.
In practical applications, with respect to the structure shown in fig. 5a and 5b, the controller may further: the alternating-current side voltage and current of the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 are detected, the internal resistance of the corresponding battery cell 103 is determined, and the current quality of the corresponding battery cell 103 is determined based on the internal resistance.
Because of the battery characteristics, which differ in internal resistance at different AC frequencies, it is more preferable that the controller, when detecting the internal resistance of the corresponding battery cell 103, can determine the internal resistance of the corresponding battery cell 103 at each frequency by changing the frequency at which the corresponding battery cell 103 is charged and discharged, and detecting the AC side voltage and current of the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 at each frequency; and then, combining the previous stored data, judging whether the internal resistance of the battery is changed under each frequency and the change amplitude, and further determining the current quality of the battery as the basis of whether the battery needs to be replaced by a new battery unit.
In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and identical and similar parts of each embodiment are all referred to each other, and each embodiment mainly describes differences from other embodiments. In particular, for a system or system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to a method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, with reference to the description of the method embodiment being made in part. The systems and system embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the elements illustrated as separate elements may or may not be physically separate, and the elements shown as elements may or may not be physical elements, may be located in one place, or may be distributed over a plurality of network elements. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand and implement the present invention without undue burden.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the various illustrative elements and steps are described above generally in terms of functionality in order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
The features described in the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be interchanged or combined with one another in the description of the disclosed embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (17)
1. An energy storage system, comprising: the device comprises a controller, a DC/AC conversion circuit, at least two battery units and a transmission branch thereof; wherein,
Each battery unit is connected with a direct current bus of the DC/AC conversion circuit through a corresponding transmission branch;
a bus capacitor is arranged between the anode and the cathode of the direct current bus;
The alternating current side of the DC/AC conversion circuit is connected with a power grid and/or a load;
The controller is used for controlling the transmission branches and the DC/AC conversion circuit to work, so that the battery units realize electric energy conversion and transmission with the power grid and/or the load; the controller is further used for controlling the corresponding battery unit and the current supply equipment connected to the direct current bus to form an electric energy conversion and transmission passage when the temperature of at least one battery unit is lower than a preset temperature so as to heat the corresponding battery unit; under the condition that the transmission branch comprises a breaker arranged on the positive branch and the negative branch, the battery unit is not provided with a corresponding DC/DC conversion circuit, and the breaker is controlled to be in a closed state, so that electric energy transmission between the corresponding battery unit and the DC bus is realized; the current supply equipment is an object for providing current circulation for the corresponding battery units through the direct current bus;
At least two isolation devices; each battery unit is connected with the alternating current side of the DC/AC conversion circuit through the corresponding isolation device;
the controller is used for heating the corresponding battery unit, and is specifically used for: and controlling the current supply equipment to charge the direct current bus, controlling the DC/AC conversion circuit to work, and carrying out charging and discharging with preset frequency on the corresponding battery unit through the isolation device connected with the corresponding battery unit.
2. The energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to, when heating the respective battery cell, include: and the equipment between the current supply equipment and the direct current bus and the transmission branch of the corresponding battery unit.
3. The energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the transmission branch comprises: a DC/DC conversion circuit;
The flow supply device comprises: at least one other of the battery cells;
the controller is used for heating the corresponding battery unit, and is specifically used for: and controlling the DC/DC conversion circuit between the current supply equipment and the corresponding battery unit to charge and discharge the corresponding battery unit at a preset frequency.
4. The energy storage system of claim 3, wherein the charge and discharge current transmitted by the current supply device to the dc bus is of a current value of: stable or varying according to at least one of the thermal and electrical parameters of the respective battery cell.
5. The energy storage system of claim 3, wherein the charge and discharge current transmitted by the current supply device to the dc bus is a periodically occurring positive and negative current; and its appearance period is adjustable.
6. The energy storage system of any of claims 3 to 5, wherein the controller alternately heats each of the battery cells one by one or in batches if the temperature of each of the battery cells is below the predetermined temperature.
7. The energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the AC current output by the DC/AC conversion circuit has a current value of: stable or varying according to at least one of the thermal and electrical parameters of the respective battery cell.
8. The energy storage system of any of claims 1 to 5, 7, wherein the flow providing device is: at least one other battery unit or at least one path of photovoltaic group string.
9. The energy storage system of claim 8, wherein if the temperature of each of the battery cells is below the predetermined temperature:
when the flow supply equipment is at least one other battery unit, the controller carries out staggered heating on each battery unit one by one or in batches;
when the current supply equipment is at least one path of photovoltaic group string, the controller heats each battery unit one by one, in batches or in a unified way.
10. The energy storage system of any of claims 1 to 5, 7, wherein the controller, after controlling the formation of the passageway between the respective battery cell and the flow providing device, is further configured to: detecting alternating-current side voltage and current of the DC/AC conversion circuit, determining internal resistance of the corresponding battery unit, and judging current quality of the corresponding battery unit according to the internal resistance.
11. The energy storage system of claim 10, wherein the controller, when detecting the AC side voltage and current of the DC/AC conversion circuit, determines the internal resistance of the corresponding battery cell, is specifically configured to: and determining the internal resistance of the corresponding battery unit at each frequency by changing the frequency of charging and discharging the corresponding battery unit and detecting the alternating-current side voltage and current of the DC/AC conversion circuit at each frequency.
12. The energy storage system of any of claims 1 to 5, 7, wherein the isolation device comprises: the direct current isolation device and the switch are arranged on the positive pole branch and/or the negative pole branch and are connected with the corresponding battery units in series;
the switch is controlled by the controller and is in a closed state when the temperature of the corresponding battery unit is lower than the preset temperature.
13. The energy storage system of claim 12, wherein the dc isolation device is a capacitor.
14. The energy storage system of any of claims 1 to 5, 7, further comprising: an alternating current circuit breaker arranged between the alternating current side of the DC/AC conversion circuit and the grid and/or the load.
15. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, 7, wherein the controller is configured to, when heating the respective battery cell, in particular: before the energy storage system works normally, heating the corresponding battery unit; or heating the corresponding battery unit while the energy storage system works normally.
16. The energy storage system of any of claims 1 to 5, 7, wherein the controller, when heating the respective battery cell, is further configured to: and monitoring the thermal parameter and the electrical parameter of the power supply in real time, and reducing the absolute value of the current in the passage if the thermal parameter exceeds the corresponding upper limit value or the electrical parameter exceeds the corresponding range.
17. The energy storage system of any of claims 1 to 5, 7, wherein the controller is further configured to, when the temperature of at least one of the battery cells is below a preset temperature: firstly judging whether the electric parameters of the corresponding battery units are in the corresponding range; heating the corresponding battery unit if the electric parameters are in the corresponding ranges; otherwise, the corresponding battery unit is not heated.
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