CN114334232A - Novel semi-conductive non-water-blocking buffer layer high-voltage power cable - Google Patents
Novel semi-conductive non-water-blocking buffer layer high-voltage power cable Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of high-voltage power cables, in particular to a novel semi-conductive non-water-blocking buffer cushion layer high-voltage power cable. The cable comprises a conductor, wherein a wrapped semiconductive nylon belt, an ultra-clean XLPE insulating layer, a semiconductive non-water-blocking buffer belt, a corrugated aluminum sheath, cable asphalt, an insulating outer sheath and a graphite coating are sequentially arranged outside the conductor, the ultra-smooth semiconductive layer is arranged between an inner layer of the ultra-clean XLPE insulating layer and the wrapped semiconductive nylon belt, and the ultra-smooth insulating shielding layer is arranged between an outer layer of the ultra-clean XLPE insulating layer and the semiconductive non-water-blocking buffer belt. The cable can effectively solve the problem that white substances are generated to corrode the cable body due to the fact that water-blocking powder absorbs water in the industry, and the body is finally broken down, and improves the use safety and reliability of the high-voltage power cable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-voltage power cables, in particular to a novel semi-conductive non-water-blocking buffer cushion layer high-voltage power cable.
Background
Since the 21 st century, with the rapid development of the economy of China, the total electricity consumption of the society rises year by year, and the electric power industry of China is rapidly developed. The high-voltage cross-linked polyethylene insulated power cable is used nearly thirty years in China, imported products are all used at first, the power cable with the voltage of 66-500 kV is made to be domestic basically, over ten thousand kilometers of high-voltage cables are buried underground every year, the imported products and the domestic products have the characteristics in the aspects of sheath structures and raw material characteristics, the structure has certain regionality globally, and the cross-linked polyethylene high-voltage cable in other regions globally adopts a comprehensive sheath structure or a smooth metal sheath structure.
In the domestic high-voltage cable product, from the analysis of factors such as production equipment, raw material selection, product characteristics, production process and the like, one of the main factors influencing the quality of the high-voltage cross-linked polyethylene insulated power cable product is a sheath structure, the performance of the raw material and the processing process of the sheath. The main problem which troubles high-voltage crosslinked polyethylene insulated power cables at home at present is the ablation problem of the buffer layer, and how to solve the ablation problem of the buffer layer is one of the technical problems of various cable enterprises at home at present and is an urgent problem to be solved.
At present, most cable production enterprises in China mainly use a structure that a corrugated aluminum metal sheath and a polyester fiber water-blocking buffer belt are used as buffer layers, but examples show that after the cable with the structure runs for 5-10 years, the problems of local whitening, ablation and cable breakdown of the high-voltage cable buffer layer continuously occur. The mechanism of the cause of ablation of the buffer layer of a high-voltage cable is well understood in the industry, and the causes of ablation are known so far:
a. the defects of the examination requirements of the semiconductive buffering water-blocking tape material are as follows: due to the characteristic of compatibility among the internal materials of the power cable, the raw material of the semiconductive buffer waterproof layer is lack of the assessment requirement on the aspect;
b. product standard requirements are unclear: the function description of the semi-conductive buffer layer in the standard of a high-voltage cable product is not clear enough, so that the consideration on the aspects of structural design, material selection and the like is not careful, the concentration of radial current of the cable is easy to form, and the local buffer layer generates heat to cause ablation or accelerate the formation of white powder;
c. the semiconductive buffer water-blocking layer has strong hygroscopicity and is not sufficient: the characteristics of strong moisture absorption of the semi-conductive buffer water-blocking tape are not fully known in the links of raw material manufacturing, packaging, transportation, raw material using process, installation and the like, and the moisture absorption of the buffer tape is a main reason for accelerating the formation of white powder.
At present, no corresponding product can effectively solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the buffer layer of the conventional high-voltage cable is easy to ablate, and provides a novel semi-conductive non-water-blocking buffer layer high-voltage power cable.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a novel semi-conductive non-buffer pad layer high voltage power cable that blocks water, includes the conductor, the conductor sets gradually outward around package semi-conductive nylon band, super clean XLPE insulating layer, semi-conductive non-buffer pad layer that blocks water, wrinkle aluminium sheath, cable pitch, insulating oversheath, graphite coating, sets up super smooth semi-conductive layer at super clean XLPE insulating layer inlayer and around the package between the semi-conductive nylon band, sets up super smooth insulating shielding layer between super clean XLPE insulating layer skin and semi-conductive non-buffer pad layer that blocks water.
White powder is easily formed at the contact position of the existing semi-conductive buffer water-blocking tape and an aluminum sheath after moisture absorption, and free OH can be formed by the water-blocking powder on the semi-conductive water-blocking tape of the high-voltage cable after the water-blocking powder absorbs water-The ions, which contact the buffer layer on the inside of the valleys of the aluminum jacket, are amphoteric metals, i.e., capable of reacting with both acids and bases. Thus OH at the contact of the aluminum sheath and the buffer layer-Will react with aluminum, OH if there is an electric field-Will more easily collect at the position where the aluminum sheath contacts the buffer tape, the aluminum will contact with the alkali (OH)-) Reaction is carried out:
sodium metaaluminate generated by the reaction is very soluble in water and absorbs CO in the air2The following reactions occur:
CO2when the dosage is excessive:
CO2when the amount is small:
the aluminum hydroxide can be continuously reacted to generate aluminum oxide:
formation of white crystals, Al2O3In this case, the aluminum element in the aluminum sheath is transferred to the buffer layer to form white powder.
In addition, electrochemical corrosion may occur in the presence of an electric field, and electrochemical reactions are generally more likely to occur in the case of direct current, but electrolysis may also occur in the case of alternating current.
The aluminum is electrochemically corroded under the action of leakage current, and the anode reaction is as follows under alkaline conditions when the alternating current is positive for half a week:
the cathodic reaction when the alternating current is applied for a half cycle is,
the total reaction of the electrolytic cell is
The aluminum hydroxide can be continuously reacted to generate aluminum oxide:
in addition, when the semi-conductive water-blocking tape absorbs moisture, the water-blocking powder can form free OH-Ions and Na+Ion when OH—The ions absorb CO in the air2There may be the following equation:
CO2when the amount is small:
CO2when the dosage is excessive:
Na2CO3and NaHCO3 are white powder crystals belonging to inorganic salt substances, so that sodium in the white powder exists in the form of sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate.
Thus, the main component in the white powder is AL2O3、Na2CO3、NaHCO3The resistance of the three substance crystals shows insulation characteristics, which is not beneficial to the conduction of the leakage cable, and even can generate heat, thereby causing the temperature rise to cause the breakdown of the cable.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a novel semi-conductive non-water-blocking buffer cushion layer high-voltage power cable
The manufactured product comprehensively considers the water resistance performance of the water-blocking tape and the cable structure design, and the water resistance characteristic requirement of the high-voltage cable protective layer is met; meanwhile, the semi-conductive water-blocking buffer belt with a lower pH value is adopted to inhibit the formation of white powder after the buffer belt absorbs moisture; the structural design that the aluminum sheath is in close contact with the buffer layer not only ensures the uniformity of six current channels in the buffer layer, but also ensures that the buffer layer is not extruded after the insulation heat expansion.
The scheme starts to solve the problems from two aspects, and specifically comprises the following steps:
on the first hand, when designing the non-water-blocking high-voltage cable protective layer structure, not only the problem of thermal expansion of the cable but also the problem of close contact between the wave trough of the aluminum sheath and the buffer layer are considered, and the close contact not only is a requirement for forming uniform channels in the buffer layer by six types of current, but also is a requirement for the water-blocking characteristic of the buffer layer.
Three states occur when a production process is established: when the embossing depth of the aluminum sheath is shallow, a gap is reserved between the buffer layer and the aluminum sheath, the cable core is in single-point contact with the wave trough of the corrugated aluminum sheath through the buffer layer by means of the weight of the cable core, and the cable core is in point contact with the wave trough of the corrugated aluminum sheath, so that the condition of the early aluminum sheath high-voltage cable in China is more.
When the embossing depth of the aluminum sheath is deeper, the cable buffer layer is in contact with most of the wave troughs of the corrugated aluminum sheath and belongs to partial line contact; when the aluminum sheath is tightly rolled, the cable core is in full contact with the wave troughs of the corrugated aluminum sheath through the buffer layer, and the wave troughs are in full line contact.
If the aluminum sheath adopts a smooth structure, and the gap between the insulating shielding layer and the aluminum sheath is proper, the surface contact state can be realized, and the surface contact state can also be realized by the comprehensive sheath structure.
The contact between the buffer layer or the longitudinal water-resistant layer and the metal layer plays a great role in the service life and the running reliability of the cable.
In view of the requirement of the electrical action of the buffer layer, the tighter the wave trough of the aluminum sheath is contacted with the buffer layer, but another problem is caused, namely the problem of insulation compression after insulation thermal expansion, so the design of the cable sheath structure should be comprehensively considered.
Through long-time verification, the negative gap between the 110kV high-voltage power cable aluminum sheath with the corrugated aluminum structure and the buffer layer is 0.5 mm; the negative clearance of 1.0mm between 220kV high voltage power cable aluminium sheath and the buffer layer, can furthest's improvement the area of contact of aluminium sheath with the buffer layer under this kind of structure condition, guaranteed that radial current all has the route in all aspects, has uniformed the passageway of six kinds of electric currents, can not produce in addition because of the cable normal operating generate heat the problem that the inflation leads to insulation shield surface indentation.
In the second aspect, the conventional semiconductive buffering water-blocking tape is replaced by a novel semiconductive non-water-blocking buffering tape. It was mentioned before that the generation of white powdery substances is mainly due to the water-blocking powder on the semiconductive water-blocking tape absorbing water to form free OH-The ions, under the action of the electric field, undergo a series of chemical reactions and corrode the insulating body over time. The semi-conductive buffer water-blocking tape containing the water-blocking powder is replaced by the semi-conductive buffer tape containing no water-blocking powder, so that the problem that a cable body is broken down due to white substances is radically solved.
As a further preferred embodiment: in the cable structure, the corrugated aluminum sheath is embedded into the semiconductive non-water-blocking buffer belt.
As a further preferred embodiment: a negative clearance between the corrugated aluminum sheath and the semi-conductive non-water-blocking buffer belt in the upper 110kV high-voltage power cable is 0.5 mm; the negative clearance between the corrugated aluminum sheath of the 220kV high-voltage power cable and the semi-conductive non-water-blocking buffer belt is 1.0 mm.
As a further preferred embodiment: the processing technology of the cable comprises the following steps:
(1) regarding the ultra-clean XLPE insulating layer, 100 parts of linear low-density polyethylene, 20-40 parts of full-density polyethylene, 3-5 parts of antioxidant and 0.5-1 part of cross-linking agent are taken, the melt index of the low-density polyethylene is between 1.5-1.8, a double-screw extruder is fully mixed, dispersed and homogenized at the temperature of 135-160 ℃ to prepare a molten material, and the molten material is melted and filtered; underwater granulating, and filtering impurity particles with the particle size of more than 50 microns to obtain an ultra-clean premix;
(2) designing a pressure balancing device at the pressed part of the corrugated aluminum sheath; the pressure equalizing device is provided with a complete circle continuous correcting mechanism for the corrugated aluminum sheath, and the complete circle continuous correcting mechanism is provided with an air pressure deviation rectifying push mold with a plurality of point positions on the same cross section along the whole circumference; meanwhile, the negative clearance between the corrugated aluminum sheath and the semi-conductive non-water-blocking buffer strip is adjusted according to the requirement;
(3) then uniformly heating the corrugated aluminum sheath by surrounding the tubular soaking device, and then uniformly coating cable asphalt outside the corrugated aluminum sheath;
(4) and (3) extruding the cable by adopting a double-layer co-extrusion machine head.
The method realizes high quality of the ultra-clean crosslinked polyethylene product by filtering impurities and matching with low-density polyethylene and full-density polyethylene.
As a further preferred embodiment: the melt index of the full density polyethylene is 1.8-2.0.
As a further preferred embodiment: the temperature range of the melt filtration is 130-140 ℃, and the melt filtration adopts a high-density filter screen to filter impurities with the size of more than 100 microns.
As a further preferred embodiment: the antioxidant is antioxidant BHT.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the novel semi-conductive non-water-blocking buffer layer high-voltage power cable can effectively solve the problem that a cable body is corroded by white substances generated by water absorption of water-blocking powder in the industry, and the body is finally broken down, and improves the use safety and reliability of the high-voltage power cable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the cable of the present invention.
In the figure: the cable comprises a conductor 1, a semi-conductive nylon tape layer 2, a super-smooth semi-conductive layer 3, a super-clean XLPE insulating layer 4, a super-smooth insulating shield 5, a semi-conductive non-water-blocking buffer tape layer 6, a corrugated aluminum sheath 7, cable asphalt 8, an insulating outer sheath 9 and a graphite coating 10.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below by means of specific examples.
The raw materials used in the examples of the present invention are those commonly used in the art, and the methods used in the examples are those conventional in the art, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1: the utility model provides a novel semi-conductive non-buffer pad layer high voltage power cable that blocks water, as shown in figure 1, this cable, including the conductor, the conductor sets gradually outward around package semi-conductive nylon band, ultra-clean XLPE insulating layer, semi-conductive non-buffer pad layer that blocks water, wrinkle aluminium sheath, cable pitch, insulating oversheath, graphite coating, sets up ultra-smooth semi-conductive layer at ultra-clean XLPE insulating layer inlayer and around the package between the semi-conductive nylon band, sets up ultra-smooth insulating shielding layer between ultra-clean XLPE insulating layer skin and semi-conductive non-buffer pad layer that blocks water.
The corrugated aluminum sheath is embedded into the semiconductive non-water-blocking buffer belt, and a negative gap between the corrugated aluminum sheath and the semiconductive non-water-blocking buffer belt in the 110kV high-voltage power cable is 0.5 mm;
when the cable is prepared, the main key steps are as follows:
(1) regarding the ultra-clean XLPE insulating layer, 100 parts of linear low density polyethylene, 20 parts of full density polyethylene, 5 parts of antioxidant and 0.5 part of cross-linking agent are taken, the melt index of the low density polyethylene is between 1.5 and 1.6, the melt index of the full density polyethylene is between 1.8 and 2.0, a double screw extruder is used for fully mixing, dispersing and homogenizing at the temperature of 135 ℃ to prepare a molten material, and the molten material is melted and filtered; underwater granulating, and filtering impurity particles with the particle size of more than 50 microns to obtain an ultra-clean premix; the temperature range of the melt filtration is 130 ℃, and the melt filtration adopts a high-density filter screen to filter impurities with the size of more than 100 micrometers; the antioxidant is antioxidant BHT;
(2) designing a pressure balancing device at the pressed part of the corrugated aluminum sheath; the pressure equalizing device is provided with a complete circle continuous correcting mechanism for the corrugated aluminum sheath, and the complete circle continuous correcting mechanism is provided with an air pressure deviation rectifying push mold with a plurality of point positions on the same cross section along the whole circumference; meanwhile, the negative clearance between the corrugated aluminum sheath and the semi-conductive non-water-blocking buffer strip is adjusted according to the requirement;
(3) then uniformly heating the corrugated aluminum sheath by surrounding the tubular soaking device, and then uniformly coating cable asphalt outside the corrugated aluminum sheath;
(4) and (3) extruding the cable by adopting a double-layer co-extrusion machine head.
Example 2: the difference from example 1 is: the negative clearance between the corrugated aluminum sheath and the semiconductive non-water-blocking buffer belt is 1.0mm when the 220kV high-voltage power cable is prepared. Regarding the ultra-clean XLPE insulating layer, 100 parts of linear low density polyethylene, 40 parts of full density polyethylene, 3 parts of antioxidant and 1 part of cross-linking agent are taken, the melt index of the low density polyethylene is between 1.5 and 1.6, the melt index of the full density polyethylene is between 1.8 and 2.0, a double screw extruder is used for fully mixing, dispersing and homogenizing at the temperature of 160 ℃ to prepare a molten material, and the molten material is melted and filtered; underwater granulating, and filtering impurity particles with the particle size of more than 50 microns to obtain an ultra-clean premix; the temperature range of the melt filtration is 140 ℃, and the melt filtration adopts a high-density filter screen to filter impurities with the size of more than 100 micrometers; the antioxidant is antioxidant BHT.
Example 3: the difference from example 1 is: the negative clearance between the corrugated aluminum sheath and the semiconductive non-water-blocking buffer belt is 1.0mm when the 220kV high-voltage power cable is prepared. Regarding the ultra-clean XLPE insulating layer, 100 parts of linear low density polyethylene, 30 parts of full density polyethylene, 4 parts of antioxidant and 1 part of cross-linking agent are taken, the melt index of the low density polyethylene is between 1.7 and 1.8, the melt index of the full density polyethylene is between 1.9 and 2.0, a double screw extruder is used for fully mixing, dispersing and homogenizing at the temperature of 160 ℃ to prepare a molten material, and the molten material is melted and filtered; underwater granulating, and filtering impurity particles with the particle size of more than 50 microns to obtain an ultra-clean premix; the temperature range of the melt filtration is 130 ℃, and the melt filtration adopts a high-density filter screen to filter impurities with the size of more than 100 micrometers; the antioxidant is antioxidant BHT.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a novel semi-conductive non-buffer layer high voltage power cable that blocks water which characterized in that: the cable comprises a conductor, wherein a wrapped semiconductive nylon belt, an ultra-clean XLPE insulating layer, a semiconductive non-water-blocking buffer belt, a corrugated aluminum sheath, cable asphalt, an insulating outer sheath and a graphite coating are sequentially arranged outside the conductor, the ultra-smooth semiconductive layer is arranged between an inner layer of the ultra-clean XLPE insulating layer and the wrapped semiconductive nylon belt, and the ultra-smooth insulating shielding layer is arranged between an outer layer of the ultra-clean XLPE insulating layer and the semiconductive non-water-blocking buffer belt.
2. The novel semiconductive non-water blocking buffer layer high-voltage power cable according to claim 1, wherein: in the cable structure, the corrugated aluminum sheath is embedded into the semiconductive non-water-blocking buffer tape.
3. The novel semiconductive non-water blocking buffer layer high-voltage power cable according to claim 2, wherein: a negative clearance between the corrugated aluminum sheath and the semi-conductive non-water-blocking buffer belt in the upper 110kV high-voltage power cable is 0.5 mm; the negative clearance between the corrugated aluminum sheath of the 220kV high-voltage power cable and the semi-conductive non-water-blocking buffer belt is 1.0 mm.
4. The novel semiconductive non-water blocking buffer layer high-voltage power cable according to claim 1, wherein: the processing technology of the cable comprises the following steps:
(1) regarding the ultra-clean XLPE insulating layer, 100 parts of linear low-density polyethylene, 20-40 parts of full-density polyethylene, 3-5 parts of antioxidant and 0.5-1 part of cross-linking agent are taken, the melt index of the low-density polyethylene is 1.5-1.8, a double-screw extruder is fully mixed, dispersed and homogenized at the temperature of 135-160 ℃ to prepare a molten material, and the molten material is melted and filtered; underwater granulating, and filtering impurity particles with the particle size of more than 50 microns to obtain an ultra-clean premix;
(2) designing a pressure balancing device at the pressed part of the corrugated aluminum sheath; the pressure equalizing device is provided with a complete circle continuous correcting mechanism for the corrugated aluminum sheath, and the complete circle continuous correcting mechanism is provided with an air pressure deviation rectifying push mold with a plurality of point positions on the same cross section along the whole circumference; meanwhile, the negative clearance between the corrugated aluminum sheath and the semi-conductive non-water-blocking buffer strip is adjusted according to the requirement;
(3) then uniformly heating the corrugated aluminum sheath by surrounding the tubular soaking device, and then uniformly coating cable asphalt outside the corrugated aluminum sheath;
(4) and (3) extruding the cable by adopting a double-layer co-extrusion machine head.
5. The novel semiconductive non-water blocking buffer layer high-voltage power cable according to claim 4, wherein: the melt index of the full density polyethylene is 1.8-2.0.
6. The novel semiconductive non-water blocking buffer layer high-voltage power cable according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature range of the melt filtration is 130-140 ℃, and the melt filtration adopts a high-density filter screen to filter impurities with the size of more than 100 microns.
7. The novel semiconductive non-water blocking buffer layer high-voltage power cable according to claim 1, wherein: the antioxidant is antioxidant BHT.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114974668A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-08-30 | 国网福建省电力有限公司厦门供电公司 | Novel cable capable of relieving ablation of cable buffer layer |
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Application publication date: 20220412 |