CN114269821A - 阻燃剂、其制备方法和包含该阻燃剂的制品 - Google Patents
阻燃剂、其制备方法和包含该阻燃剂的制品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114269821A CN114269821A CN202080056393.1A CN202080056393A CN114269821A CN 114269821 A CN114269821 A CN 114269821A CN 202080056393 A CN202080056393 A CN 202080056393A CN 114269821 A CN114269821 A CN 114269821A
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- Prior art keywords
- iron
- flame retardant
- chlorine
- flame
- mixture
- Prior art date
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- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- -1 iron carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014413 iron hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Fe+2] NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003849 O-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003872 O—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001409 amidines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000746 allylic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001743 benzylic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002357 guanidines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical class [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- NPFOYSMITVOQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(III) citrate Chemical class [Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NPFOYSMITVOQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 claims 1
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N chloro(114C)methane Chemical compound [14CH3]Cl NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- VRIVJOXICYMTAG-IYEMJOQQSA-L iron(ii) gluconate Chemical class [Fe+2].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O VRIVJOXICYMTAG-IYEMJOQQSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 235000020354 squash Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 21
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 19
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 13
- BAQAVOSOZGMPRM-QBMZZYIRSA-N sucralose Chemical group O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](Cl)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@]1(CCl)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CCl)O1 BAQAVOSOZGMPRM-QBMZZYIRSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000004376 Sucralose Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 235000019408 sucralose Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 7
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 6
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 6
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 5
- ULUYRVWYCIOFRV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 2-ethylhexanoate;iron(3+) Chemical compound [Fe+3].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O ULUYRVWYCIOFRV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- WNCFBCKZRJDRKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 WNCFBCKZRJDRKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- MSNWSDPPULHLDL-UHFFFAOYSA-K ferric hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Fe+3] MSNWSDPPULHLDL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 239000012796 inorganic flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 description 4
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 3
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CXUJOBCFZQGUGO-UHFFFAOYSA-F calcium trimagnesium tetracarbonate Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[Mg++].[Ca++].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O CXUJOBCFZQGUGO-UHFFFAOYSA-F 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000515 huntite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000004045 organic chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZRZHXNCATOYMJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(chloromethyl)-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 ZRZHXNCATOYMJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003563 4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SZDOSDXWAOBQFH-UHFFFAOYSA-L O[Fe+]O Chemical compound O[Fe+]O SZDOSDXWAOBQFH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007706 flame test Methods 0.000 description 2
- PJJJBBJSCAKJQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidinium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].NC(N)=[NH2+] PJJJBBJSCAKJQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentachlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001955 polyphenylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M (2r)-2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCC[C@@H](CC)C([O-])=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WWYFPDXEIFBNKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4-carboxybenzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 WWYFPDXEIFBNKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002589 Fe-O-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKGNXSFAYMSVNN-SYAJEJNSSA-L Ferrous gluconate Chemical class O.O.[Fe+2].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O OKGNXSFAYMSVNN-SYAJEJNSSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940123457 Free radical scavenger Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000018997 Growth Hormone Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010051696 Growth Hormone Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010074268 Reproductive toxicity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910008051 Si-OH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006358 Si—OH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- UMVBXBACMIOFDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[Si] Chemical compound [N].[Si] UMVBXBACMIOFDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VCNTUJWBXWAWEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J aluminum;sodium;dicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O VCNTUJWBXWAWEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000010640 amide synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPJGYLSSECYURW-UHFFFAOYSA-K antimony(3+);tribromide Chemical compound Br[Sb](Br)Br RPJGYLSSECYURW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000693 bioaccumulation Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical class C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
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- WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-N chloramphenicol Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(=O)N[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005091 chloramphenicol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940059864 chlorine containing product ectoparasiticides Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001647 dawsonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- PWZFXELTLAQOKC-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O PWZFXELTLAQOKC-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- ASMQGLCHMVWBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-M diphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(=O)([O-])OC1=CC=CC=C1 ASMQGLCHMVWBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940088679 drug related substance Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001605 fetal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000122 growth hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000789 guanidine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
在其组分的化学组成中包含铁和氯的阻燃剂的制备方法，所述方法至少包括：‑提供含铁化学物质，‑提供含氯化学物质，以及‑使所述含铁化学物质和所述含氯化学物质相互接触，从而形成起火焰毒物作用的至少部分挥发性的氯化铁。还设想了由此形成的阻燃剂以及应用该阻燃剂的制品。
Description
本发明属于阻燃剂技术领域，特别是含有火焰毒物的阻燃剂和阻燃剂混合物。本发明涉及适合作为阻燃剂的火焰毒物，其中该火焰毒物表现出良好的基材涂层能力以及与涂料或模塑组合物的良好混溶性。以相对于基材或基质的低重量比提供阻燃性。
背景
阻燃剂抑制、压制或延缓易燃材料的点燃并防止火灾蔓延。它们干扰对火灾发展很重要的自由基过程，充当化学冷却剂和/或在火和易燃材料之间形成屏障。
包含火焰毒物的阻燃剂被广泛研究。当火焰毒物在火灾发展的初始状态有效地干扰材料的热氧化时，可以改进炭产量。为了有效，火焰毒物需要具有一定的挥发性。挥发性使火焰毒物与在火焰条件下和火灾发展过程中形成的可燃降解产物相互作用。
卤化阻燃剂，尤其是溴化阻燃剂可作为火焰毒物。“Hans Zweifel等,PlasticAdditives Handbook,第5版,Hanser Publishers Munich,第681-689页)中给出了概述。US2019202972A教导了含有溴化阻燃剂的聚氨酯泡沫。US2019185669A公开了一种阻燃聚酰胺组合物，其包含对苯二酚双(二苯基磷酸酯)和至少一种溴化阻燃剂。US2018135239A教导了一种适用于纺织品涂层的阻燃剂组合物，其包含溴化阻燃剂、有机磷酸酯和作为氮和无机磷源的阻燃剂。EP 3063216 B1公开了含有溴化苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物并具有增强的泡孔尺寸均匀性的泡沫苯乙烯聚合物。CN 108659445 A和CN 109180881 A教导了包含溴化阻燃剂的基于苯乙烯的聚合物材料的制造。
氧化锑通常与溴化阻燃剂一起用作增效剂。US 2014371366 A公开了一种阻燃聚酯组合物，其包含聚酯、溴化阻燃化合物、锑阻燃化合物和碱金属碳酸盐。US 2015302952 A公开了一种具有绝缘导体的电缆，所述绝缘导体被包括聚烯烃、溴化阻燃剂和三氧化锑的介电材料包围。
氧化锑增效剂和溴化化合物通过形成溴化锑(SbBr3)一起提供阻燃性。SbBr3在大气压下的沸点为280℃，因此具有足以干扰挥发性可燃降解产物在火焰条件下的热氧化的挥发性。可以由氧化锑增效剂和氯化化合物形成的SbCl3在大气压下的沸点为220℃，并以类似的方式工作。
锑的主要缺点是它作为重金属的地位，从环境角度来看，它在工业中的接受度有限。对于在环境中持久存在和/或可以生物积累的溴化或氯化物质也是如此。研究了其中一些溴化或氯化物质关于内分泌和甲状腺功能紊乱、对免疫系统的影响、生殖毒性、癌症、对胎儿和儿童发育以及神经功能的不利影响。
火焰毒物效应可以由当经受超过200℃或300℃的温度时吸热分解并放出水的化学物质提供。实例是镁和铝的氢氧化物，还有各种碳酸盐和水合物，例如碳酸钙镁石和水菱镁矿的混合物。吸热反应从基材带走热量，从而冷却材料。形成的水可作为有效的自由基清除剂和火焰毒剂。WO 15092209 A1涉及一种不含卤素的防火热塑性组合物，其由在基于乙烯的聚合物和共聚物中的50-75wt％w/w的防火填料组成。防火填料选自氢氧化铝、水菱镁矿、片钠铝石、氢氧化镁、碳酸镁低水合物、勃姆石、氢氧化钙或碳酸钙镁石。TW 20101287 A公开了一种不含卤素的阻燃聚氨酯树脂，包含选自金属氢氧化物或金属氧化物的无机阻燃剂。KR 20090097284 A公开了一种用于阻燃膨胀构件的组合物，包含11-70wt％的非交联聚合物、20-80wt％的无机阻燃剂、5-30wt％的发泡剂，和0.2-10wt％的润滑剂。无机阻燃剂选自氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、氢氧化钾、碱式碳酸镁、水滑石、碳酸钙镁石和水菱镁矿。为了获得可接受的阻燃效果，必须使用高负载的无机阻燃剂。
CN 104893567A、CN 103524840A、CN 102977585 B和RU 2495894 C公开了包含含氯物质和铁的氧化物的阻燃聚合物组合物。然而，在这些聚合物组合物中必须使用大量已知且高效的阻燃剂，例如多磷酸铵、硼酸锌和/或三氧化锑和溴化阻燃剂的组合。
US 4024093公开了阻燃聚合物组合物，其包含有机铁盐以及氯化和/或溴化阻燃剂还有由35wt％的聚苯醚树脂和65wt％的含有约9wt％聚丁二烯的聚苯乙烯组成的聚合物共混物。聚苯醚树脂是一种低可燃性树脂，在组合物中是必须的。实施例中使用高负载的氯化和/或溴化阻燃剂(14-37phr；“每百份树脂”)和非常低负载的硬脂酸铁(0.5phr)。从环境的角度来看，阻燃聚合物树脂中高达37phr的氯化化学物质的水平现在是不可接受的。没有显示对木材、纸板或其他基于纤维素的材料的阻燃效果。
需要提供一种环境可接受的火焰毒物，其在低负载下用作可燃材料的阻燃剂。
目的
因此，本发明的一个目的是提供阻燃剂，其用作火焰毒物并且在低负载下赋予可燃材料阻燃性。另一个目的是提供制备阻燃剂的方法。更进一步的目的是通过例如但不限于涂覆或与阻燃剂混合的方法来改进易燃材料的耐火性。
本发明
上述目的通过如权利要求1所定义的方法实现，其代表本发明的第一方面。
根据另一方面，本发明涉及如权利要求14所定义的阻燃剂或阻燃剂混合物中的组分。
根据还一方面，本发明涉及如权利要求18所定义的阻燃剂或阻燃剂混合物中的组分的用途。
本发明不同方面的优选实施方案由从属权利要求公开。
除非另有说明，本申请中提及的所有组分和物质的百分比均按重量计。
从环境角度来看，作为火焰毒物的氯化铁(III)(三氯化铁，FeCl3)比SbCl3或SbBr3更容易接受。FeCl3在大气压下的沸点为315℃，与SbBr3的沸点(280℃)相差不远，如上所述，它是一种极好的火焰毒物。然而，FeCl3至少与卤化锑一样具有腐蚀性。因此，直接用于阻燃组合物将是一个挑战。由于Fe-O-Fe键的稳定性，因此由氧化铁和氯化化合物形成FeCl3的速度很慢。令人惊讶地发现，与反应性氯化合物混合的新制备的铁的氢氧化物、有机铁盐或混合的铁的氢氧化物/有机盐可以在加热时形成FeCl3。该反应足够快，以形成足够的火焰毒物FeCl3，从而为可燃材料提供阻燃性。反应性有机氯化合物可包含至少一个解离能低于氯甲烷中共价C-Cl键解离能的共价C-Cl键。C-Cl键中的碳类型可以选自苄基碳、仲碳、叔碳或烯丙基碳。由于在火焰条件下持续降解，因此反应性有机氯化合物可能变得更具反应性。一个实例是聚氯乙烯的热降解，它在降解和氯化氢的形成过程中产生越来越多的反应性C-Cl键。氢氧化铁(III)与有机氯化合物之间的典型反应可由反应方程式(I)表示：
副产物R-OH列在括号中，因为在火焰条件下可能会降解。
根据本发明的阻燃剂的制备方法，至少包括以下步骤：
-提供含铁化学物质，
-提供含氯化学物质，以及
-混合所述含铁化学物质和所述含氯化学物质，
-由此获得能够在随后加热时在形成至少部分挥发性的氯化铁的情况下反应的混合物。
其中所述含铁化学物质在加热时与所述含氯化学物质接触并且在存在火焰(火焰条件)的情况下通过形成至少部分挥发性的氯化铁FeCl3而充当火焰毒物。加热应进行到至少150℃，更优选至少200℃，甚至更优选至少250℃。加热温度越接近形成的FeCl3的沸点，其在接近可燃材料的表面的气相中的浓度越高。这种存在对于FeCl3作为阻燃剂和火焰毒物的效果很重要。接近形成的FeCl3的沸点的火焰条件和温度也导致FeCl3蒸发，并导致反应方程式(I)中的平衡向右侧移动。虽然含溴化学物质能够在加热时形成挥发性自由基并且能够用作阻燃剂，但含溴化学物质不是本发明的一部分。这并不意味着这些物质的存在会破坏本发明的效果，但它们的存在在本发明的框架内既不是必须的也不是优选的。
当起始材料混合物的均匀性得到改进时，具有两种或更多种起始材料的化学反应的产率通常会得到改进。在均匀混合物中促进了必须形成所需产物的化学部分和原子之间的接触。与通过混合和干燥相同起始材料的溶液制备的混合物相比，即使在高温下，由产生具有几微米大小的平均畴尺寸的混合物的大颗粒组成的起始材料可能提供更慢的反应。在本发明中，混合物的平均畴尺寸应优选不超过500nm。甚至更优选小于100nm的混合物的平均畴尺寸，最优选小于20nm的混合物的平均畴尺寸。
使用具有腐蚀性和/或与水接触形成相当酸性物质的含铁化学物质和/或含氯化学物质是一个挑战。因此有利的是，5wt％w/w的含铁化学物质和/或含氯化学物质在水中的溶液或分散体的pH值高于4。
根据本发明的合适的含铁化学物质可以选自氢氧化铁、羧酸铁、取代羧酸的铁盐、取代羧酸的铁配合物、氢氧化铁羧酸盐、铁磷酸酯、柠檬酸铁、葡萄糖酸铁、硅酸铁、具有含氮的配体的铁配合物和包含至少一个Fe-O-Si、Fe-O-Al、Fe-O-Ti或Fe-O-P类型的共价键的铁物质。一些实例是：
氢氧化铁(III)
二氢氧化苯甲酸铁(III)
氢氧化二萘酸铁(III)
三(2-乙基己酸)铁(III)
三(二-2-乙基己基)磷酸铁(III)
如果含铁化学物质有助于在火焰条件下形成炭，则通常是有利的。阻燃剂的高碳含量促进了炭的形成。因此，含铁化学物质中C:H的原子比可以大于0.50，优选大于0.67，更优选大于0.83，最优选大于1.0。对于含氯化学物质，C:H的相似原子比是优选的。
根据本发明，其中铁具有与(III)不同的氧化态的含铁化学物质可以是合适的，因为它们可以在与空气接触、与可燃物质接触或在火焰条件下获得氧化态(III)。
当应用于或混合入阻燃性的物质时不挥发的卤化物质是优选的。然而，这些卤化物质在火焰条件下可能会发生分解和/或蒸发。
与溴化物质一样，氯化物质通常被认为具有负面的环境影响。多氯二苯并二噁英，例如2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁英，其被认为是越南战争中使用的除草剂中的污染物，并在塞维索灾难中释放到环境中，导致公众和当局对氯化化学物质的接受程度有限。五氯苯酚也是如此，它已被用作杀虫剂和消毒剂。然而，氯化化学物质在很大程度上是自然产生的。细菌、真菌和藻类每年向空气中释放约500万吨氯甲烷。工业来源每年释放的氯甲烷约为30,000吨(Laturnus F(2001)。"Marine Macroalgae in Polar Regions as NaturalSources for Volatile Organohalogens".Environ Sci Pollut Res.8(2):103–108；https://www.welt.de/print-welt/article662145/Die-Natur-erfand-die- Chlorchemie.html)。豌豆使用4-氯吲哚-3-乙酸作为生长激素，因为它比其非氯化类似物更有效(Reinecke,Dennis M.(1999)."4-Chloroindole-3-acetic acid and plantgrowth".Plant Growth Regulation.27(1):3–13)。许多活性药物物质都含有氯，因为它们比类似的未氯化物质显示出更高的有效性。抗生素氯霉素是一个众所周知的实例。氯化物质可用于工业应用，前提是它们在环境中无害、无毒、不致突变、不致癌或不持久。
根据本发明的合适的含氯物质是氯化糖。一个实例是三氯蔗糖(1,6-二氯-1,6-双脱氧-β-D-呋喃果糖基-4-氯-4-脱氧-α-D-吡喃半乳糖苷)，它被广泛用作甜味剂，其甜度是蔗糖的600倍。来自糖或甜味剂生产的氯化废物或氯化中间体也是根据本发明的含氯物质。
加热含铁物质(例如Fe(OH)3)与氯化糖(如三氯蔗糖)的混合物在适度加热(通常加热至150℃)时会导致形成氯化铁还有炭。FeCl3的形成促进炭的形成：
与HCl一起形成FeCl3的Fe(OH)3的存在促进了部分三氯蔗糖形成氯化氢(HCl)和碳(C，char)。
在没有Fe(OH)3的情况下，三氯蔗糖的热稳定性要高得多，并且可以在高达250℃的烘烤中用作甜味剂而不会显著分解。
其他合适的含氯化学物质在其化学组成中包含氮，并且至少是氯与氮的摩尔比为1:1000至1:1的部分盐酸盐或季盐。含氮物质可以选自胺、氧化胺、脒、胍、亚胺和芳族杂环。
根据本发明的含氯化学物质可以是单体、低聚物或聚合物。可以形成这些的聚合物或低聚物和单体可能是优选的，因为它们除了用作氯源之外还可以有助于炭的形成。
根据本发明的阻燃剂可以与选自粘合剂、热塑性材料、热固性材料、蜡、油、脂肪和溶剂的疏水物质混合。阻燃剂可以与阻燃聚合物混合以改进阻燃性和/或减少在火焰条件下的烟雾释放。
阻燃剂的环境友好性没有明确定义。然而，有一些具有约束力的法规可用于评估或比较化学产品的环境友好性。这些法规之一是关于包含用于与食品接触的聚合物材料的食品接触材料(FCM)的EU法规。关于旨在与食品接触的塑料材料和制品的法规(EU)No 10/2011严格限制了可用于食品接触聚合物材料的起始材料和组分。大多数阻燃剂不允许作为FCM。因此，根据法规(EU)No 10/2011属于FMC的阻燃剂或阻燃剂混合物中的组分与不是FCM且在食品接触应用中被禁止或严格管制的阻燃剂相比，被认为是环境友好的。
含铁化学物质和含氯化学物质可以是相同的。一个实例是具有一个或多个部分氯化的羧酸盐的羧酸铁(III)。
根据本发明的阻燃剂或阻燃剂混合物中的组分可以具有水溶液或水可稀释溶液或分散体的形式。
根据本发明的阻燃剂可以存在于不同的表面上，例如纸表面、纸板表面、木质表面或在木板、板、层压板、刨花板内。
如果不同制品或产品包含根据本发明的阻燃剂，则它们的阻燃性可以得到改进。除了阻燃剂之外，此类制品或产品还可包含粘合剂、热塑性材料、热固性材料、蜡、油、脂肪、溶剂、木板、板、层压板、刨花板或它们的组合。
实施例1
二氢氧化苯甲酸铁(III)
在搅拌下(150-200min-1)将1摩尔(162g)氯化铁(III)[7705-08-0]溶解在500g水中。将3摩尔(120g)氢氧化钠[1310-73-2]溶解在500g水中并在搅拌下在5-10分钟内将其添加到氯化铁(III)溶液中。形成褐色混浊分散体。制备1摩尔(144g)苯甲酸钠[532-32-1]在500g热水(70-80℃)中的溶液，并在搅拌下在5分钟内添加到褐色混浊分散体中。使混合物冷却并在约20℃保持20小时。在清澈无色的水相下形成棕色沉淀。过滤具有平均组成的二氢氧化苯甲酸铁(III)的沉淀并获得糊状产品。在120℃/30min下的干燥失重(LOD@120℃/30min)为78wt％。没有进行进一步的洗涤和/或干燥。将糊状二氢氧化苯甲酸铁(III)(920g)与920g乙醇混合以获得可倾倒的二氢氧化苯甲酸铁(III)，LOD@120℃/30min为89wt％。铁含量(从LOD计算)：2.9wt％。该产物包含Fe-O-C键。
实施例2
三(2-乙基己酸)铁(III)
在搅拌下(150-200min-1)将1摩尔(162g)氯化铁(III)[7705-08-0]溶解在500g水中。将3摩尔(120g)氢氧化钠[1310-73-2]溶解在500g水中并在搅拌下在5-10分钟内将其添加到氯化铁(III)溶液中。形成褐色混浊分散体。在剧烈搅拌下(400-500min-1)在20分钟内加入3摩尔(533g)纯2-乙基己酸[149-57-5]。停止搅拌并且在清澈的水相顶部形成暗红色2-乙基己酸铁(III)的相分离。分离出油状的2-乙基己酸铁(III)(533g)，无需进一步洗涤和/或干燥即可使用。铁含量(根据化学组成计算)：10.1wt％。该产物包含Fe-O-C键。
实施例3
三(二-2-乙基己基磷酸)铁(III)
在搅拌下(150-200min-1)将0.2摩尔(32g)氯化铁(III)[7705-08-0]溶解在100g水中。将0.6摩尔(120g)氢氧化钠[1310-73-2]溶解在100g水中并在搅拌下在5-10分钟内将其添加到氯化铁(III)溶液中。形成褐色混浊分散体，在剧烈搅拌下(400-500min-1)在20分钟内向其中加入0.6摩尔(227g)纯二-2-乙基己基磷酸。从水相中分离出粘性至糊状的灰色物质。分离产物并在滤纸上在20℃下干燥2小时，得到248g灰色粘稠糊状产物。在120℃/30min下的干燥失重(LOD@120℃/30min)为10wt％。将三(二-2-乙基己基磷酸)铁(III)与250g乙醇在加热至60-70℃下混合以获得可倾倒分散体，LOD@120℃/30min为48wt％。铁含量(从LOD计算)：2.2wt％。该产物包含Fe-O-P键。
实施例4
三氢氧化铁(III)
在搅拌下(150-200min-1)将0.5摩尔(81g)氯化铁(III)[7705-08-0]溶解在250g水中。将2摩尔(80g)氢氧化钠[1310-73-2]溶解在250g水中并在搅拌下在5-10分钟内将其添加到氯化铁(III)溶液中。形成褐色混浊分散体，将其倒入500g水中。氢氧化铁(III)产物在20小时内沉淀在淡黄色水相下。分离沉淀的产物并在滤纸上在20℃下干燥2小时，得到234g棕色糊状产物。在120℃/30min下的干燥失重(LOD@120℃/30min)为82wt％。将糊状三氢氧化铁(III)与120g乙醇混合以获得可倾倒的三氢氧化铁(III)，LOD@120℃/30min为88wt％。铁含量(从LOD计算)：6.2wt％。
实施例5
三氯蔗糖(1,6-二氯-1,6-二脱氧-β-D-呋喃果糖基-4-氯-4-脱氧-α-D-吡喃半乳糖苷)
在温热下将0.05摩尔(20g)三氯蔗糖(1,6-二氯-1,6-二脱氧-β-D-呋喃果糖基-4-氯-4-脱氧-α-D-吡喃半乳糖苷),[56038-13-2]溶解在10g水和30g乙醇中，以获得33wt％的溶液。氯含量(计算)：8.9wt％
实施例6
将0.4摩尔(38g)盐酸胍[50-01-1]溶解在10g水和52g乙醇的混合物中以获得20wt％的溶液。氯含量(计算)：7.4wt％
实施例7
除了含氮和硅的聚合物外，还包含摩尔比为1:3的Fe和Cl的阻燃剂
将1摩尔3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷[919-30-2]引入配备回流冷凝器的1000ml三颈反应烧瓶中，并在搅拌(150-200min-1)下加热至90-100℃。在5-10分钟内以粉末形式加入0.5摩尔4-羟甲基苯甲酸酯[99-76-3]。在剧烈搅拌(400-500min-1)下，在45分钟内缓慢加入14g纳米二氧化硅分散体(Levasil CS30-824P，Obermeier GmbH，Berleburg，Germany；LOD@120℃/30min：68wt％)。形成的乙醇发生回流并且反应混合物变得稍微混浊。在完成纳米二氧化硅分散体的添加后，将反应混合物在回流下再剧烈搅拌(400-500min-1)15分钟。此后将回流切换为蒸馏，并在初始搅拌速度(150-200min-1)下蒸馏出乙醇。当收集到39g馏出物时，增加加热。将反应混合物加热至150℃，其中酰胺的形成与甲醇的蒸馏一起开始，并进一步保持在170℃至185℃之间，在此发生脒缩合。当总共收集到74g馏出物时，将反应混合物保持在170℃并在搅拌下(150-200min-1)添加20g四乙氧基硅烷[78-10-4]。获得226g澄清的微红色和微粘稠的产物，其在冷却至室温期间显著增加了粘度。LOD@120℃/30min为82wt％。将20g产物与0.5g氢氧化钠在19.5g水中的溶液混合以获得适合刷涂的混合物。混合物分成两部分。第一个用作实施例7的参比。第二部分与5g来自实施例1的产物和5g来自实施例5的产物混合以获得实施例7样品，该样品是根据本发明的阻燃剂，除了含氮和硅的聚合物外，其还包含Fe和Cl的摩尔比约为1:3的二氢氧化苯甲酸铁(III)和三氯蔗糖。二氢氧化苯甲酸铁(III)与聚合物中的Si-OH基团可以形成Fe-O-Si 键。
实施例8
Fe和Cl摩尔比约为1:3的阻燃剂混合物
基于实施例1-4中的含铁产物和实施例5-6中的含氯产物制备阻燃混合物。已选择不同实施例中的产物的量以获得约为1:3的Fe和Cl摩尔比。然而，不同的混合比是可能的并且可以用作根据本发明的阻燃剂。下表1显示了阻燃剂混合物及其组成：
表1
纸板燃烧测试
用实施例8a-e的混合物涂布包装型纸板(约300g/m2)并进行火焰测试。纸板样品的宽度约为8cm，长度约为20cm。它们的暴露在火焰中的正面涂刷两次，背面涂刷一次。在80℃的空气流中干燥10min。
火焰条件：
-丁烷打火机，火焰约20mm
-从丁烷消耗量计算的60-70W的效应
-样品相对于火焰的垂直位置
-火焰顶部与纸板样品接触60秒。
表2显示了火焰测试(燃烧测试)的结果。
表2：燃烧测试前后的燃烧测试样品重量
| 名称 | 原始[g] | 涂覆的[g] | 涂层[g] | 火后[g] | 损失[g] | 损失[％] |
| 参比 | 3.78 | 3.78 | 0.00 | 0.18 | 3.60 | 95.2％ |
| 实施例8a | 3.68 | 4.12 | 0.44 | 3.73 | 0.39 | 9.5％ |
| 实施例8b | 3.71 | 4.35 | 0.64 | 4.17 | 0.18 | 4.1％ |
| 实施例8c | 3.62 | 3.88 | 0.26 | 3.71 | 0.17 | 4.4％ |
| 实施例8d | 3.74 | 3.97 | 0.23 | 3.74 | 0.23 | 5.8％ |
| 实施例8e | 3.64 | 5.10 | 1.46 | 4.82 | 0.28 | 5.5％ |
已发现未涂覆的参比和涂覆的样品之间存在明显差异。所有涂覆的样品在丁烷火焰移开后5秒内自熄。涂覆的样品的重量损失完全小于10wt％，而未涂覆的参比的重量损失超过95wt％。大多数样品显示出令人惊讶的4-6wt％的低重量损失。这些实施例清楚地表明，根据本发明的含铁化学物质和含氯化学物质的混合物可以在阻燃剂与基材的低质量比下用作可燃基材上的高效阻燃剂。
实施例9
包含醇酸漆和根据本发明的Fe和Cl的摩尔比为1:3的阻燃剂的混合物
醇酸漆“Drygolin oljedekkbeis”(Jotun，Norway)用于纸板的阻燃测试。醇酸漆是基于溶剂的和白色着色的，挥发性有机碳(VOC)含量<400g/l。对于参比样品，漆原样使用。
已经制备了两种漆和实施例8b的混合物，在干漆中阻燃剂和漆的比例分别为10wt％和20wt％。燃烧测试以与实施例8中所述类似的方式进行。干燥时间最初是在60℃下4小时，然后在约20℃下80小时。在将阻燃剂和漆的混合物储存2周后重新制备了10wt％的样品，涂层厚度约为初始的10wt％样品的50wt％。下表3显示了燃烧测试的结果：
表3：燃烧测试前后的燃烧测试样品的重量
已发现不含阻燃剂的涂覆的参比与包含阻燃剂的涂覆的样品之间存在明显差异。所有包含阻燃剂的阻燃剂样品在丁烷火焰移开后5秒内自熄。包含阻燃剂的样品的重量损失约为5wt％或更低，而不含阻燃剂的参比样品的重量损失超过20wt％。在移开丁烷火焰后的5秒内，参比没有自熄。10wt％的实施例8b(储存2周)的总样品中的铁量，从其制备计算，为0.018wt％，对应的氯含量为0.034wt％。这表明根据本发明的阻燃剂可以在非常低的负载下提供阻燃性。
实施例10
具有来自实施例7参比和实施例7样品的涂料配方的纸板的燃烧测试。
燃烧测试以与实施例8中所述类似的方式进行。在80℃的空气流中干燥10分钟。下表4显示了燃烧测试的结果：
表4：燃烧测试前后的燃烧测试样品重量
| 名称 | 原始[g] | 涂覆的[g] | 涂层[g] | 火后[g] | 损失[g] | 损失[％] |
| 未涂覆的纸版 | 3.78 | 3.78 | 0.00 | 0.18 | 3.60 | 95.2％ |
| 实施例7参比 | 3.69 | 4.42 | 0.73 | 4.06 | 0.36 | 8.1％ |
| 实施例7样品 | 3.66 | 4.41 | 0.75 | 4.23 | 0.18 | 4.1％ |
已发现未涂覆的参比和涂覆的样品之间存在明显差异。此外，通过掺入根据本发明的阻燃剂(实施例7样品)显著改进了涂覆的纸板实施例7参比上的纯聚合物的阻燃性。
实施例11
纸板用不饱和聚酯涂覆和燃烧测试
将20g苯乙烯含量为30-35wt％的白色着色的不饱和聚酯凝胶涂层和0.3g固化剂混合并以类似于实施例8和9中的程序涂在纸板上。得到的样品是参比样品实施例11a。通过混合20g相同的不饱和聚酯、10g来自实施例1的产物作为含铁组分和3.8g 4-氯亚甲基苯乙烯作为含氯化合物和0.3g固化剂制备实施例11b。对于实施例11a，Fe和Cl的摩尔比约为1:3。通过混合20g不饱和聚酯、10g实施例1的产物作为含铁组分和7.5g 4-氯亚甲基苯乙烯作为含氯化合物和0.3g固化剂制备实施例11b。对于实施例11b，Fe和Cl的摩尔比约为1:6。实施例11a和实施例11b以与参比相同的方式涂在纸板上。固化时间最初是在60℃下30min，然后在约20℃下6小时。燃烧测试以与实施例8中所述类似的方式进行。下表5显示了燃烧测试的结果：
表5：燃烧测试前后的燃烧测试样品重量
已发现不含阻燃剂的参比与包含阻燃剂的样品之间存在明显差异。所有包含阻燃剂的样品在丁烷火焰移开后5秒内自熄。而参比样品在火焰施加区域上方完全燃烧。
实施例12
a)阻燃剂混合物在加热时除氯化铁外还形成炭
用红外灯(约1W/cm2)加热2g阻燃混合物8a，用红外温度计测量阻燃剂混合物的表面温度。最初，阻燃剂混合物具有略带褐色的颜色。在130℃下，阻燃剂混合物的表面变暗变黑，在150℃下，阻燃剂混合物在整个加热材料中起泡并形成炭。
b)单独加热12a)中阻燃剂混合物的含氯物质
将实施例5中制备的2g三氯蔗糖溶液以与实施例12a)中的阻燃剂混合物相同的方式加热。溶液干燥，加热至150℃时未观察到变暗或炭形成。在200℃时，干燥溶液顶部出现淡黄色至棕色。仍然没有变暗，也没有炭形成。
实施例13
包含氯化铁的阻燃剂混合物
为了证明氯化铁的阻燃效果，制备了两种包含氯化铁的制剂13a)和13b)并如实施例8所述施用和测试。两种制剂的组成在表6中给出。
表6：两种制剂13a)和13b)的组成
在纸板上涂覆和燃烧测试后的结果如下表7所示。
表7:实施例13a)和13b)燃烧测试前后燃烧试验样品的重量
结果清楚地表明，均匀分散在可燃材料表面的氯化铁起到阻燃剂的作用。未涂覆的样品在相同条件下几乎完全燃烧。因此氯化铁可用作阻燃剂。氯化铁的腐蚀性可能会影响其在某些应用中的使用。通过封装或保护层钝化氯化铁可能会阻碍由含有氯化铁的阻燃剂引起的腐蚀。当氯化铁由非腐蚀性前体在暴露于火焰后形成时，根据本发明的阻燃剂预期没有腐蚀性。
根据本发明的阻燃剂可以独立地由水基制剂制备。阻燃剂可包含一种或多种含铁化学物质和一种或多种含氯化学物质，作为溶剂基制剂、作为粉末、作为液体以及作为与一种或多种固体或液体载体的混合物。
根据本发明的阻燃剂可以在非常低的负载量下提供阻燃性，例如阻燃材料或制品总重量的0.01wt％Fe和0.01wt％Cl。较高负载量和接近1:3的Fe和Cl的摩尔比，例如0.05wt％Fe和0.1wt％Cl可以提供改进的阻燃性。甚至更高的负载量例如0.2wt％Fe和0.4wt％Cl或1.0wt％Fe和2.0wt％Cl可以获得甚至更多改进的阻燃性。工业适用性、经济限制和氯化铁的化学组成(34.4wt％Fe和65.6wt％Cl)限制了阻燃物质和材料中Fe和Cl的负载量。
Claims (18)
1.在其组分的化学组成中包含铁和氯的阻燃剂的制备方法，其特征在于
所述方法至少包括以下步骤：
-提供含铁化学物质，
-提供含氯化学物质，以及
-混合所述含铁化学物质和所述含氯化学物质，
-由此获得能够在随后加热时在形成至少部分挥发性的氯化铁的情况下反应的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中在将制备的阻燃剂加热到150℃或更高的温度时，除了氯化铁之外还形成炭。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中所述混合物是均匀的，平均畴尺寸优选小于500nm，更优选小于100nm，最优选小于20nm。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述含铁化学物质选自氢氧化铁、羧酸铁、取代羧酸的铁盐、取代羧酸的铁配合物、氢氧化铁羧酸盐、铁磷酸酯、柠檬酸铁、葡萄糖酸铁、硅酸铁、具有含氮配体的铁配合物和包含至少一个Fe-O-Si、Fe-O-Al、Fe-O-Ti、Fe-O-C或Fe-O-P类型的共价键的铁物质。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述混合物在所述含铁化学物质和/或所述含氯化学物质的化学组成中包含碳和氢，并且其中所述混合物中C:H的原子比为大于0.50，优选大于0.67，更优选大于0.83，最优选大于1.0。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述含氯化学物质是氯化糖或来自糖或甜味剂生产的氯化废产品或中间体。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述含氯化学物质是在其化学组成中包含氮的物质，其至少部分地是氯与氮的摩尔比为1:1000至1:1的盐酸盐或季盐。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中在其化学组成中包含氮的物质选自胺、氧化胺、脒、胍、亚胺和芳族杂环。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述含氯物质包含解离能低于氯甲烷中的共价C-Cl键的解离能的共价C-Cl键，并且所述C-Cl键中的碳的类型选自苄基碳、叔碳、烯丙基碳。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中，所述含氯化学物质是聚合物、低聚物或单体。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，还包括将所述阻燃剂与选自粘合剂、热塑性材料、热固性材料、蜡、油、脂肪和溶剂的疏水物质混合。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中将阻燃剂应用于物质或材料以获得至少0.01wt％的Fe和至少0.01wt％的Cl，优选至少0.05wt％的Fe和0.1wt％的Cl，更优选至少0.2wt％Fe和0.4wt％的Cl，最优选至少1.0wt％的Fe和2.0wt％的Cl的含量，所有百分比均基于阻燃材料或制品的总重量。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述含铁化学物质和所述含氯化学物质是相同的。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中制备所述阻燃剂的所有起始材料均选自根据修订的法规(EU)No 10/2011的食品接触材料组。
15.根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的方法制备的阻燃剂或阻燃剂混合物中的组分。
16.根据权利要求15所述的阻燃剂或阻燃剂混合物中的组分，其中所述阻燃剂或阻燃剂混合物中的组分具有水溶液的形式或者水可稀释溶液或分散体的形式。
17.根据权利要求15-16的阻燃剂或阻燃剂混合物中的组分，其中所述阻燃剂或阻燃剂混合物中的组分存在于选自纸表面、纸板表面、木质表面的表面上或在木板、板、层压板、刨花板内。
18.包含粘合剂、热塑性材料、热固性材料、蜡、油、脂肪、溶剂、木板、板、层压板、刨花板中的至少一种的制品或产品，其特征在于所述制品包含至少一种根据前述权利要求中任一项的阻燃剂。
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| CN104441192A (zh) * | 2014-11-11 | 2015-03-25 | 青岛大学 | 一种阻燃木质人造板 |
| JP6789248B2 (ja) | 2015-06-09 | 2020-11-25 | ブローミン コンパウンズ リミテッド | 織物のためのアンチモンフリー臭素化難燃剤システム |
| CN104893567A (zh) | 2015-07-02 | 2015-09-09 | 任碧龙 | 一种林木防火涂料 |
| KR20190046823A (ko) | 2016-08-29 | 2019-05-07 | 아이씨엘-아이피 아메리카 아이엔씨. | 난연성 폴리아미드 조성물 |
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| CN108659445A (zh) | 2018-04-16 | 2018-10-16 | 青岛福尔蒂新材料有限公司 | 高灼热丝起燃温度阻燃abs树脂组合物及其制备方法 |
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2019
- 2019-08-09 NO NO20190970A patent/NO346554B1/en unknown
-
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- 2020-08-06 CN CN202080056393.1A patent/CN114269821A/zh active Pending
- 2020-08-06 US US17/633,616 patent/US20220315840A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2020-08-06 EP EP20761647.5A patent/EP4010418A1/en active Pending
- 2020-08-06 WO PCT/NO2020/050201 patent/WO2021029773A1/en unknown
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| GB1482092A (en) * | 1973-07-30 | 1977-08-03 | Hooker Chemicals Plastics Corp | Fire retardant unsaturated polyesters |
| US3951894A (en) * | 1974-10-17 | 1976-04-20 | Uniroyal Inc. | Ternary flame-retarded compositions including iron compound |
| US4024093A (en) * | 1975-01-23 | 1977-05-17 | General Electric Company | Flame retardant polyphenylene ether resin compositions containing a halogenated flame retardant and selected organic iron salts |
| US4407981A (en) * | 1980-12-19 | 1983-10-04 | Stauffer Chemical Company | Flame retardant mixture for polyurethanes |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO20190970A1 (en) | 2021-02-10 |
| US20220315840A1 (en) | 2022-10-06 |
| NO346554B1 (en) | 2022-10-03 |
| EP4010418A1 (en) | 2022-06-15 |
| WO2021029773A1 (en) | 2021-02-18 |
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