CN114183070A

CN114183070A - Drilling method without drilling and closing under pressure

Info

Publication number: CN114183070A
Application number: CN202111512030.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈瑶; 兰中孝; 李杉; 房新扬
Original assignee: Top Well Petroleum Technologies Co ltd
Current assignee: Top Well Petroleum Technologies Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-12-07
Filing date: 2021-12-07
Publication date: 2022-03-15

Abstract

A method for drilling without drilling and under pressure comprises the steps of 1) drilling field stepping, 2) determining a well position, completing installation and debugging of a vertical derrick solid control circulating system, 3) drilling on an outer layer once, 4) cementing a sleeve on the lower layer, 5) installing a well head and a blowout preventer, 6) drilling on a second time, 7) logging under pressure, 8) casing a reservoir under pressure, 9) cementing the sleeve of the reservoir under pressure, and 10) finishing; drilling in a well section 20m above a reservoir by conventional drilling, and completing drilling and well completion construction of the rest well section by using pressurized operation equipment; the blowout preventer for cable operation and the equipment for operation under pressure are assembled to realize the operation of logging under pressure in an open hole section; the wellhead device for drilling with pressure is utilized: and completing the necessary logging project of the oil reservoir requirement. The conventional drilling machine is matched with the pressurized operation equipment to jointly complete the drilling process without drilling and closing, the conventional drilling machine performs surface layer drilling, surface layer casing pipe descending, well cementation and secondary drilling to a position above a reservoir stratum to complete drilling, the pressurized operation equipment is subsequently adopted to perform subsequent reservoir stratum drilling operation, and pressurized logging, pressurized casing pipe descending and pressurized well cementation are completed.

Description

Drilling method without drilling and closing under pressure

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for solving the problems of safe drilling, well logging, well cementation and the like without drilling and closing by utilizing the characteristics and the performance of conventional drilling equipment and a pressurized operating machine.

Background

With the gradual acceleration of the development rhythm of domestic petroleum and natural gas, various domestic oil fields have already entered the middle and later stages of development, especially are obvious in old oil fields such as Daqing oil field, Yumen oil field, etc., and oil extraction is usually carried out in the old and long-wall area of the oil field by adopting the modes of water injection oil displacement, polymer injection oil displacement, ternary composite oil displacement and the like, thereby ensuring the high and stable yield of the oil field. However, due to the heterogeneity of the stratum, poor well cementing quality and water injection exceeding the fracture pressure of the stratum, the pressure of the oil layer is abnormal, so that complicated accidents such as blowout, well leakage and the like occur in the drilling construction, and the well cementing quality is unqualified. Therefore, the technical measures of drilling are adopted when the encrypted wells are drilled for the first time, the second time and the third time. The drilling is to stop and overflow the water injection well before, during and after the drilling construction, so as to reduce the formation pressure and ensure the safety, high quality and high efficiency of the drilling construction. But also severely affects the production and profitability of the field. The time consumption is long.

The problems of the well pattern density is large, the distance between every two wells is small and the quantity of water injection wells is large when the well drilling operation is carried out in the old blocks of the oil fields. If a new well needs to be deployed, peripheral water injection wells need to be shut down during the well drilling operation, if the well pattern density is high, more water injection wells can be shut down, and the water injection amount and the oil production amount of the whole block can be greatly influenced. And the surrounding water injection wells have higher formation pressure coefficient, the specific gravity of the used slurry is high during drilling, and the well control risk of conventional operation is high.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems of safe drilling, well logging, well cementation and the like without drilling well by utilizing the characteristics and the performance of conventional drilling equipment and a pressurized operating machine. Particularly, aiming at the actual requirements in the production process, the conventional drilling is carried out to complete the rapid drilling of a well section 20m above a reservoir stratum, the drilling of the rest well section (reservoir stratum section) and the well completion construction are completed by utilizing the pressurized operation equipment, and the following technical scheme is provided according to the process requirement and the construction purpose requirement for the non-drilling and shut-down pressurized drilling.

In order to solve the technical problems, the specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a kind of drilling process of the underpressure of not drilling, its characteristic is, 1) well site is stepped on, 2) confirm the well location, set up the installation of the derrick solid-control circulating system and debug and finish, 3) one opens the surface layer to drill, 4) lower surface casing well cementation, 5) install the well head, blowout preventer, 6) two opens and drills, 6-1) two opens and drills to above the oil reservoir, 6-2) install the operating equipment under pressure, 6-3) two opens and drills to above the reservoir oil reservoir to finish drilling, 7) the underpressure well logging, 8) the casing of oil reservoir under pressure, 9) the casing well cementation of oil reservoir under pressure, 10) finish; drilling in a well section 20m above a reservoir by conventional drilling, and completing drilling and well completion construction of the rest well section by using pressurized operation equipment; the blowout preventer for cable operation and the equipment for operation under pressure are assembled to realize the operation of logging under pressure in an open hole section; the wellhead device for drilling with pressure is utilized: completing the necessary logging project of the oil reservoir requirement;

the first opening and the N opening refer to the times of well cementation, when the well cementation is needed during well drilling, drilling tools are all required to be started, after the first-stage casing pipe well cementation and completion, the drilling is started by drilling again, namely the second opening is called, the drilling is started from the first-stage casing pipe pin, and then the drilling is started from the ground after the derrick is in place by the first opening, namely the first opening is called;

the logging technology under pressure comprises the following steps: the wellhead device for drilling with pressure is utilized: completing the necessary logging project of the oil reservoir requirement; logging operation: 1 sleeve pipe short section matched with logging operation is put in, the bottom of the sleeve pipe short section is connected with a bell mouth, the length of the sleeve pipe short section meets the requirement that the bell mouth is positioned at the lower part of a ram body of the ram blowout preventer for working under pressure, and the ram blowout preventer for working under pressure is closed in the logging process; a special blowout preventer for cable operation is connected to the top of the casing pipe nipple;

the technique of well cementation under pressure is to lower an oil layer casing for well cementation, a surface casing adopts plug-in well cementation, and a production casing adopts double-coagulation double-density well cementation: according to the actual conditions of pressure change of a reservoir and pressure difference between layers, certain annular back pressure is applied by using pressurized operation equipment in the well cementation process, so that the well cementation quality is ensured; the plugging agent can prevent air and water from being soaked while plugging.

The problems of large formation pressure coefficient, large well control risk and the like during drilling related drilling can be effectively solved by adopting the under-pressure operation equipment to carry out the reservoir under-pressure drilling operation, the whole process underbalanced drilling process in the whole reservoir drilling process can be realized by the good annular pressure control capacity of the under-pressure operation, the reservoir is efficiently protected, and the oil well yield is released to the maximum extent.

Aiming at the problem of poor well cementation quality in the underbalanced well drilling process, a unique under-pressure well cementation technology is established by adopting under-pressure operation equipment. The problems of well leakage and water immersion of the drilling fluid and the well cementation cement paste are solved: the drilling fluid meets the requirements of safe drilling of a stratum with large interlayer pressure difference and high stratum pressure coefficient by screening and compounding and determining plugging materials and components, and a plugging agent suitable for the drilling fluid is evaluated and screened through an indoor experiment; when the well is fixed, additives such as an early strength agent, an interface reinforcing agent, double-set cement and a micro-expansion agent in the well-fixing cement paste and the well-fixing process are selected according to the well-drilling condition, so that the well-fixing quality is ensured.

The main equipment for selecting the type and drilling the well of the drilling machine is as follows: according to the design of well depth, drilling tool weight and casing pipe weight, selecting a pressurized operation machine and main equipment, and designing and selecting an auxiliary pressurized operation mode and pressurized drilling equipment on the basis that the maximum load borne by the selected pressurized operation machine during operation does not exceed the rated load capacity of the pressurized operation machine by 80 percent, taking 1200m drilling depth (400 m for one opening and 400m for two openings) as an example: 11 "-240K type belt press working machine, auxiliary working equipment: an XJ550 workover rig.

The drilling process without drilling and closing the pressure comprises the following technical processes:

the logging technology under pressure comprises the following steps: the wellhead device for drilling with pressure is utilized: and completing the necessary logging project of the oil reservoir requirement. Logging operation: 1 sleeve pipe nipple joint is matched in the logging operation, the bottom of the sleeve pipe nipple joint is connected with a bell mouth, the length of the sleeve pipe nipple joint meets the requirement that the bell mouth is positioned at the lower part of a ram body of the working ram blowout preventer in the operation under pressure, and in the logging process, the working ram blowout preventer in the operation under pressure is closed. And a special blowout preventer for cable operation is connected to the top of the casing pipe nipple.

The technology of well cementation under pressure is to fix wells by setting an oil layer casing pipe, wherein a surface casing pipe adopts plug-in well cementation, a production casing pipe adopts double-coagulation double-density well cementation, and care is needed in the well cementation process.

(1) According to the actual conditions of the pressure change of the reservoir and the pressure difference between layers, certain annular back pressure is applied by using pressure operation equipment in the well cementation process, so that the well cementation quality is ensured. The problems of well leakage and water immersion of the drilling fluid and the well cementation cement slurry are mainly solved. The drilling fluid meets the requirements of safe drilling of stratums with large interlayer pressure difference and high stratum pressure coefficient by screening and compounding and determining plugging materials and components, and the plugging agent suitable for the drilling fluid is evaluated and screened through indoor experiments.

(2) The main function of the plugging agent needs to realize double plugging. The well wall has the advantages of leaking stoppage, gas and water prevention, certain bearing capacity, stable and stable well wall establishment and certain bearing capacity, and provides precondition for ensuring fixed quality.

(3) When the well is fixed, the cement slurry and the well fixing process need to be reasonably designed according to the well drilling condition, so that the purpose of excellent well fixing quality is achieved. Screening the corresponding additives such as an early strength agent, an interface reinforcing agent, double-set cement, a micro-expansion agent and the like in the well cementation cement slurry, and secondarily ensuring the well cementation quality.

The invention adopts the cooperation of a conventional drilling machine and pressurized operation equipment to jointly complete the drilling process without drilling and closing, the conventional drilling machine carries out surface layer drilling, surface layer casing pipe descending, well cementation and secondary drilling to the position above a reservoir stratum to complete drilling, and the pressurized operation equipment is subsequently adopted to carry out the subsequent drilling operation of a secondary reservoir stratum and complete pressurized well logging, pressurized casing pipe descending and pressurized well cementation. The problems of large formation pressure coefficient, large well control risk and the like during drilling related drilling can be effectively solved by adopting the under-pressure operation equipment to carry out the reservoir under-pressure drilling operation, the whole process underbalanced drilling process in the whole reservoir drilling process can be realized by the good annular pressure control capacity of the under-pressure operation, the reservoir is efficiently protected, and the oil well yield is released to the maximum extent.

The problems of large formation pressure coefficient, large well control risk and the like during drilling related drilling can be effectively solved by adopting the under-pressure operation equipment to carry out the reservoir under-pressure drilling operation, the whole process underbalanced drilling process in the whole reservoir drilling process can be realized by the good annular pressure control capacity of the under-pressure operation, the reservoir is efficiently protected, and the oil well yield is released to the maximum extent. The method is suitable for blocks with large well pattern density and small well spacing in the old long-wall area of the oil field developed for many years, and realizes the non-drilling and pressure-closing well drilling technology process of the whole-process underbalanced well drilling through pressure operation equipment. According to the actual requirements in the production process, drilling in a well section 20m above a reservoir is completed by conventional drilling, and drilling and well completion construction of the rest well sections are completed by utilizing pressurized operation equipment. Through the combined installation of the cable operation blowout preventer and the under-pressure operation equipment, the under-pressure logging operation of an open hole section is realized. The wellhead device for drilling with pressure is utilized: and completing the necessary logging project of the oil reservoir requirement. Aiming at the problem of poor well cementation quality in the underbalanced well drilling process, a unique under-pressure well cementation technology is established by adopting under-pressure operation equipment.

Has the advantages that: the characteristics and the performance of the conventional drilling equipment and the pressurized operation machine are utilized to solve the problems of safe drilling, well logging, well cementation and the like without drilling. Especially aiming at the actual demand in the production process, the conventional drilling completes the rapid drilling of the well section of more than 20m of the reservoir, the pressurized operation equipment is utilized to complete the drilling of the rest well section (reservoir section) and the well completion construction, and according to the process requirement and the construction purpose requirement for the non-drilling shut-down pressurized drilling, the application range of the invention is as above, the invention can be suitable for the existing main shut-down drilling oil production process, and the effect of being applied to the long wall is unexpected.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the surface flow of a single well of the present invention

As shown, the cycle flow is as follows: mud pump → high pressure riser → drilling tool → drill bit → annulus → original well pit → sand pump → mud solid control processing system.

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the present invention for surface drilling with two-hole (drilling to the top of the reservoir)

As shown, the cycle flow is as follows: mud pump → high pressure riser → drilling tool → drill bit → annulus → buffer tank → sand pump → mud consolidation and control system.

FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the wellhead installation of the present invention for two-open (top of reservoir to completion depth)

As shown in the figure, the surface casing head, the drilling cross joint, the safety full-sealing ram blowout preventer, the working ram blowout preventer group for the operation under pressure and the main machine of the operation equipment under pressure are arranged from bottom to top.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the present invention for surface drilling of two-hole (top of reservoir to completion depth)

As shown in the figure:

(1) circulating flow when the wellhead is not throttled: mud pump → high pressure riser → drilling tool → drill bit → annulus → drilling cross → main choke manifold middle channel → mud solid control processing system.

(2) Circulating flow when the well mouth is throttled and does not exhaust: mud pump → high pressure riser → drilling tool → drill bit → annulus → drilling cross → choke manifold choke flow channel → mud consolidation control system.

(3) And (3) circulation flow when the wellhead throttling channel is blocked: mud pump → high pressure riser → drilling tool → drill bit → annulus → drilling cross → reserve choke manifold orifice → mud consolidation control system.

(4) Circulating flow during wellhead throttling and exhausting: mud pump → high pressure riser → drilling tool → drill bit → annulus → drilling cross → throttle manifold throttling channel → liquid-gas separator → (liquid phase) mud solid control processing system/(gas phase) open flow combustion pool.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a wireline wellhead assembly under pressure according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 shows a process flow of an embodiment of a technique of a drilling process without drilling a shut-in pressure.

Detailed Description

Illustration of the drawings: the system comprises a 240K operation machine with pressure 1, 28-35 × 28-70 reducing flanges 2, an FZ28-70 lower working ram blowout preventer (5-1/2 ' -half seal) 3, an ST28-70 balanced pressure cross joint 4, an FZ28-70 lower working ram blowout preventer (5 ' -half seal) 5, a wellhead stabilizer 6, an FZ28-70 single ram blowout preventer 7, an ST28-70 drilling cross joint 8 and a 9-5/8 ' -casing head 9. The device comprises logging equipment 10, a logging ground pulley 11, a logging overhead pulley 12, and in fig. 5, a logging cable blowout preventer with pressure 13, a 5-1/2 'casing short circuit 14, a 240K operation machine with pressure 1, a 28-35X 28-70 reducing flange 2, a working ram blowout preventer under FZ28-70 (5-1/2' -half-seal) 3, a bell mouth 15, an ST28-70 balanced pressure release cross joint 4, a working ram blowout preventer under FZ28-70 (5 '-half-seal) 5, a wellhead stabilizer 6, a single ram blowout preventer under FZ28-70 7, an ST28-70 drilling cross joint 8 and a casing head 9-5/8'.

The system comprises a kill manifold 16, a balance pipeline 17 of the working machine with pressure, a blowout pipeline 18 of the working machine with pressure, a choke manifold 19, a drill rod 20, a high-pressure riser 21, a slurry pump 22, a solid-gas separator 23 and a blowout-causing combustion pool 24. A mud solid control processing system 25, a sand pump 26 and a buffer tank 27. 28 is the rig floor and 29 is the blowout preventer stack.

The main equipment for selecting the type and drilling the well of the drilling machine is as follows:

according to the design of well depth, drilling tool weight and casing pipe weight, selecting a pressurized operation machine and main equipment, and designing and selecting an auxiliary pressurized operation mode and pressurized drilling equipment on the basis that the maximum load borne by the selected pressurized operation machine during operation does not exceed the rated load capacity of the pressurized operation machine by 80 percent, taking 1200m drilling depth (400 m for one opening and 400m for two openings) as an example: 11 "-240K type belt press working machine, auxiliary working equipment: an XJ550 workover rig.

TABLE 111 "-240K snubbing unit Performance parameters

TABLE 2 XJ550 workover rig performance parameters

(1) The combination selection of the blowout preventer groups for the operation of the equipment with pressure: FH28-35 annular blowout preventers and FZ28-70 ram blowout preventers;

TABLE 3 blowout preventer performance parameters for work with pressure

1. Drilling current situation

Taking the old region of the chlamydia as an example: through development for many years, the well pattern density is large, the well spacing is small, and the drilling shut-in scheme executed under the current drilling technical condition has a large influence on oil field development.

(1) The water injection quantity and the oil production quantity influenced by drilling shut are large. At present, a new renewal well and an adjustment well are newly drilled, 20-70 peripheral injection wells need to be shut down, and the average drilling shut-down time is 20-45 days. Drilling a well influences the water injection amount to be 6000-25000 square and the oil production amount to be 150-700 tons, and brings great influence on the operation of production organization;

(2) the normal development of the three-sampling block is greatly influenced. And the three-mining positive injection block has partial scattered wells, and needs to drill a renewal well to perfect the injection-mining relationship of the well group due to casing damage and the like. However, if the surrounding 30-40 injection wells are drilled for about one month during drilling, and the injection wells in the forward injection block are shut down, the polymer injection slug formed in the early stage is diluted and damaged due to the fact that continuous injection cannot be carried out, and the displacement effect is seriously influenced. Therefore, the well drilling perfect injection-production relationship cannot be updated;

(3) the drilling shut-in results in large inter-zone pressure fluctuations, increasing the risk of casing damage. The well mouth injection pressure of the normal water injection well is 6-12MPa, and the well mouth injection pressure of the water injection well needs to be reduced to be lower than 4MPa during drilling. The water injection pressure difference between the drilling shut-off area and the normal water injection area reaches 3-8MPa, and the water injection pressure is recovered to a normal level in a short time after the drilling is finished, so that the pressure change between the areas is large and frequent, and the casing damage risk is increased.

2. The controlled pressure drilling test has problems, in order to reduce the influence of drilling shut-in on the development of oil fields, the non-drilling shut-in method carries out the over-controlled pressure drilling test, but the following problems exist:

(1) if the pressure control well drilling is carried out by adopting a casing, the process reproducibility is poor, the cost is higher, and the existing oil can not be applied in a large scale.

(2) The cementing quality is poor, the development and adjustment are limited, and the casing damage is easy to cause.

(3) The recorded casing logging curve data cannot fully meet the stratum interpretation requirement.

3. Under-pressure operation without drilling and closing well drilling significance

(1) The drilling problem of the conventional well section is solved by using the conventional drilling machine and the conventional drilling tool.

(2) By utilizing the under-pressure operation characteristics and functions of conventional drilling equipment and an under-pressure operation machine, the problems of safe drilling, open hole well logging, improvement of well cementation quality and the like of a complex well section without drilling shut-in well (high formation pressure coefficient and large interlayer pressure difference) are solved, and the requirements of formation interpretation and layered mining are met.

(3) By means of the field test of the drilling process technology without drilling and closing the pressure, the purpose that the peripheral adjacent wells do not need to be shut down in the whole drilling process on the premise of ensuring safe construction is achieved. By combining conventional drilling equipment, tool tools and pressure operation equipment and processes, a plurality of problems existing in well closing of drilling and problems existing in pressure control drilling are effectively solved, a drilling construction task is completed, and the construction purpose is achieved.

4. Through investigation, the following problems can be effectively solved by adopting the technical scheme of the pressurized drilling process by adopting pressurized operation equipment:

(1) the well drilling is carried out under pressure, and the periphery is communicated with the injection well without drilling shut.

(2) According to different physical properties of the stratum to be met, plugging while drilling is carried out, a certain bidirectional pressure bearing capacity of the well wall is established, the ground pressure is added in a matched mode, the pressure between layers and the stratum is balanced, and the integrity of the well hole is kept to the maximum extent.

(3) An open test time window of not less than 2.5 hours can be reserved after drilling is finished, open hole logging is realized, and the requirement of oil field development on logging data is met.

(4) And a well completion sleeve with a centralizer is put into the well completion sleeve according to a conventional well completion mode, well cementation and waiting coagulation are carried out under pressure, the well cementation quality is improved, and the integrity of a shaft is good.

(5) The necessary well section can realize the safe construction of double barriers and double insurance particularly in the whole process from the drilling of an oil layer to the cementing and coagulation waiting.

(6) An example of a process flow for drilling a well under pressure without drilling is shown in FIG. 6.

Claims

1. A method for drilling under pressure without drilling is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) well site stepping exploration, 2) determining a well position, finishing installation and debugging of a vertical derrick solid control circulating system, 3) drilling on an outer layer once, 4) cementing a casing pipe on the lower layer, 5) installing a well head and a blowout preventer, 6) drilling on two sides, 6-1) drilling on two sides to be above an oil layer, 6-2) installing operating equipment under pressure, 6-3) drilling on two sides to be above a reservoir oil layer to be drilled completely, 7) logging under pressure, 8) sleeving an oil layer under pressure, 9) cementing the casing pipe of the oil layer under pressure, and 10) finishing; drilling in a well section 20m above a reservoir by conventional drilling, and completing drilling and well completion construction of the rest well section by using pressurized operation equipment; the blowout preventer for cable operation and the equipment for operation under pressure are assembled to realize the operation of logging under pressure in an open hole section; the wellhead device for drilling with pressure is utilized: completing the necessary logging project of the oil reservoir requirement;

the first opening and the N opening refer to the times of well cementation, when the well cementation is needed during well drilling, all drilling tools need to be started, after the first-stage casing pipe well cementation and completion, the drilling is started by drilling again, namely the second opening is called, the drilling is started from the first-stage casing pipe base, and after the derrick is in place, the drilling is started from the ground, namely the first opening is called.

2. The uncarilled belt pressure shut-in drilling process of claim 1, wherein the belt pressure logging technique is: the wellhead device for drilling with pressure is utilized: completing the necessary logging project of the oil reservoir requirement; logging operation: 1 sleeve pipe short section matched with logging operation is put in, the bottom of the sleeve pipe short section is connected with a bell mouth, the length of the sleeve pipe short section meets the requirement that the bell mouth is positioned at the lower part of a ram body of the ram blowout preventer for working under pressure, and the ram blowout preventer for working under pressure is closed in the logging process; a special blowout preventer for cable operation is connected to the top of the casing pipe nipple;

3. The under-pressure drilling process without drilling according to claim 2, wherein a unique under-pressure well cementation technology is established by adopting under-pressure operation equipment aiming at the problem of poor well cementation quality in the under-balanced drilling process. The problems of well leakage and water immersion of the drilling fluid and the well cementation cement paste are solved: the drilling fluid meets the requirements of safe drilling of a stratum with large interlayer pressure difference and high stratum pressure coefficient by screening and compounding and determining plugging materials and components, and a plugging agent suitable for the drilling fluid is evaluated and screened through an indoor experiment; when the well is fixed, additives such as an early strength agent, an interface reinforcing agent, double-set cement and a micro-expansion agent in the well-fixing cement paste and the well-fixing process are selected according to the well-drilling condition, so that the well-fixing quality is ensured.

4. The sidetracking belt pressure drilling process according to claim 2, wherein the logging operation is: 1 sleeve pipe short section matched with logging operation is put in, the bottom of the sleeve pipe short section is connected with a bell mouth, the length of the sleeve pipe short section meets the requirement that the bell mouth is positioned at the lower part of a ram body of the ram blowout preventer for working under pressure, and the ram blowout preventer for working under pressure is closed in the logging process; a special blowout preventer for cable operation is connected to the top of the casing pipe nipple; the technique of well cementation under pressure is to put an oil layer casing pipe for well cementation, a surface casing pipe adopts plug-in well cementation, and a production casing pipe adopts double-condensation double-density well cementation.