CN114081960A - 一种前列腺癌分子靶向系统及其构建方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种前列腺癌分子靶向系统及其构建方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种前列腺癌分子靶向系统及其构建方法和应用。其包括靶向外泌体以及其负载的活性成分,靶向外泌体为能特异性识别PSMA靶标的靶向外泌体,活性成分为能够抑制前列腺增殖、扩增、迁移和/或侵袭的成分;或为降低其激素抵抗性的成分。本发明构建了一种能够特异性靶向前列腺癌的外泌体,并在其上加载了能够针对影响前列腺癌激素抵抗进程的siRNA,阻断并扭转前列腺癌从激素依赖向非依赖发展的谱系过程,使肿瘤能重获雄激素的敏感性、延长激素治疗有效时间。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于基因工程技术领域,具体涉及一种前列腺癌分子靶向系统及其构建方法和应用。
背景技术
前列腺癌是男性生殖系统常见的恶性肿瘤,其发病率和病死率近年来逐年提高,并渐趋年轻化。前列腺癌目前病因未明,最大特点是其有雄激素依赖性。对于早期局限性前列腺癌,常规手术或抗雄治疗疗效确切,但是晚期不可避免发展成激素非依赖甚至去势抵抗型前列腺癌(CRPC)。CRPC是前列腺癌的最终结局和治疗的重点及难点,迫切寻找新的有效治疗方法来解决耐药的问题。
最近研究提示谱系可塑性是造成CRPC耐药的关键。文献报道,表观遗传分子EZH2在前列腺癌激素依赖向非依赖转变过程中起重要作用,是影响其谱系可塑性的关键分子,直接关系到CRPC的耐药抵抗。众所周知,前列腺癌激素依赖的特点和雄激素受体(AR)密切相关,而抑制EZH2可以恢复AR表达和机体对抗雄治疗的敏感性。用药物来高效抑制EZH2这一特殊的功能,有可能成为治疗和扭转CRPC耐药的一种有效新策略。
而目前临床可供选择的EZH2小分子抑制剂虽然效果得到证实,却都不具有选择性或选择性低,影响其效果的发挥,迫切需要寻找更精准的治疗药物。RNAi作为肿瘤治疗新技术前景广阔,虽然可以进行精准治疗,确存在效应分子靶向性差、转运效率低和靶点选择等瓶颈。外泌体是细胞分泌的天然小囊泡,是细胞间通讯的重要媒介,能携带和在细胞间传递多种物质。研究证明它能够将药物或小分子核酸从供体细胞转移到受体细胞,从而引发后者表型的改变,利用外泌体来向体内递送siRNA能提高RNA输送效率并且比其他人工载体更加低毒副作用和低免疫反应,但是需要解决靶向性不足的缺点。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的上述不足,本发明提供一种前列腺癌分子靶向系统及其构建方法和应用,本发明构建了一种能够特异性靶向前列腺癌的外泌体,并在其上加载了能够针对影响前列腺癌激素抵抗进程的siRNA,阻断并扭转前列腺癌从激素依赖向非依赖发展的谱系过程,使肿瘤能重获雄激素的敏感性、延长激素治疗有效时间。
为实现上述目的,本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
一种前列腺癌分子靶向系统,包括靶向外泌体以及其负载的活性成分。
进一步地,靶向外泌体为能特异性识别PSMA靶标的靶向外泌体。
进一步地,靶向外泌体的构建过程为:
将PSMA单链抗体与外泌体膜上的蛋白Lamp2b融合,构建得到PSMA-Lamp2b质粒,然后慢病毒包装后感染细胞,使之分泌产生能特异性识别PSMA靶标的的靶向外泌体。
进一步地,活性成分为能够抑制前列腺增殖、扩增、迁移和/或侵袭的成分;或为降低其激素抵抗性的成分。
进一步地,活性成分为siRNA,其核苷酸序列如下:
5’-AAGAGGTTCAGACGAGCTGAT-3’(SEQ ID NO.1)
或5’-AAGACTCTG AATGCAGTTGCT-3’(SEQ ID NO.2)所示。
一种上述前列腺癌分子靶向治疗系统的构建方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)构建能特异性识别前列腺癌中靶基因的靶向外泌体;
(2)设计具有抗肿瘤效果的siRNA,然后将其加载至靶向外泌体上即可。
上述前列腺癌分子靶向系统,或构建方法在制备治疗前列腺癌的药物中的应用。
进一步地,前列腺癌为去势抵抗型前列腺癌。
一种用于治疗前列腺癌的联合药物,包括上述前列腺癌分子靶向系统,以及抗雄激素药物。
本发明的有益效果:
1、本发明利用外泌体的天然优势,将PSMA人源化单抗和外泌体结合,构建能靶向特定PSMA阳性CRPC细胞的靶向外泌体,携带针对功能基因的siRNA,提高siRNA对前列腺癌关键靶基因的精准抑制性并对降低机体的毒副作用,为外泌体作为递送载体在前列腺癌临床的应用进行新方向的探索。直接改造外泌体使之具有CRPC靶向性是创新之处,目前国内外少见报道。
2、利用外泌体靶向输送siRNA的策略,通过靶向外泌体输送针对靶基因siRNA,在表观遗传学层面改变CRPC的谱系可塑性,扭转或是推迟前列腺癌激素抵抗的进程,增加延长其对常规ADT疗法的敏感性,从而力图改善目前CRPC最致命的耐药问题,增强抗癌效果。在CRPC表观遗传谱系塑性扭转方面的研究目前还少见报道。本方法探讨了前列腺癌表观遗传治疗新的策略和方法,特别是对去势抵抗性前列腺癌的治疗提供新的思路和方向,有望成为常规疗法的一个有力的补充。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式进行描述,以便于本技术领域的技术人员理解本发明,但应该清楚,本发明不限于具体实施方式的范围,对本技术领域的普通技术人员来讲,只要各种变化在所附的权利要求限定和确定的本发明的精神和范围内,这些变化是显而易见的,一切利用本发明构思的发明创造均在保护之列。
实施例1构建靶向外泌体
(1)从人类天然scFv库中筛选最合适的PSMA人源化单抗,经验证后该PSMA人源化单抗有效。将经证实有效的PSMA人源化单链抗体与外泌体的质膜表面蛋白Lamp2b用基因工程的方法进行融合,构建PMSA-ScFv-Lamp2b质粒:合成引物分别克隆Lamp2b信号肽段(160bp)与Lamp2b成熟肽段(1160bp),然后把PSMA-ScFv(800bp)用PCR的方式插入两段序列中间,构成PSMA-ScFv-Lamp2b质粒。
(2)体外培养前列腺上皮细胞ATCC,基质细胞WPMY-1,以及巨噬细胞系RAW264.7,U-93用于外泌体的产生。
(3)将构建的PMSA-ScFv-Lamp2b质粒送吉凯公司进行慢病毒包装,然后转染作用于上述细胞,使重组载体在细胞内产生丰富PMSA-ScFv-Lamp2b融合蛋白。更换无外泌体血清继续培养,于48h-72h后收集上清依次通过10um、5um和1um的聚碳酸质膜,收集PMSA-ScFv-Lamp2b靶向外泌体。
(4)利用exodisc技术富集外泌体,提高产量并消除非外泌体囊泡及复合物。
(5)WesternBlotting检测亲本细胞和外泌体上PMSA-ScFv-Lamp2b的表达。
(6)将PMSA-ScFv-Lamp2b工程化的外泌体与抗PSMA或抗Lamp2b抗体一起温育,然后用免疫沉淀法检测PSMA是否表达于外泌体表面。
通过上述检测可知,本申请成功的构建了能够特异性识别前列腺癌中PSMA靶标的靶向外泌体。
实施例2靶点序列的确定、验证以及电穿孔法加载siRNA
1、对于RNA干涉来说选定靶基因后,siRNA的靶序列的确定是实验成功的关键。
首选文献中已经证实的有效靶序列,自主设计时参考Ambion和QIAGEN公司在网上提供的设计软件(www.ambion.com/techlib/misc/siRNAfinder.html;www.qiagen.com/siRNA),设计原则按常规进行。
2、设计后EZH2和SOX2的siRNA干涉序列交由公司合成,每个基因设计得到2-3条siRNA序列,并设计Scramble-siRNA作为对照。
3、为了提高干涉效果和延长作用时间,同时设计合成EZH2-shRNA进行实验。
4、siRNA向外泌体的加载:利用电穿孔技术向外泌体中加载siRNA,具体过程如下:
(1)电穿孔前在冰上预冷电穿孔杯30分钟。
(2)将外泌体与siRNA混合在微型离心管中。用柠檬酸缓冲液将体积补充到150微升。外泌体与siRNA的摩尔比为1:60。
(3)将混合物转移到电穿孔试管中,盖上试管并将其放在电清洗器的试管架上。顺时针旋转方向盘180°。将轮子完全转动到锁定位置使反应杯接触到电极。
(4)选择所需的电穿孔程序,按Start按钮开始电穿孔。
(5)电穿孔后,逆时针旋转180°后取下试管。用塑料移液管从试管中取出样品进行进一步处理。
5、加载后形态学观察
siRNA合成时标记FITC荧光,外泌体进行膜染色,激光共聚焦显微镜观察siRNA通过电穿孔法成功进入外泌体中。
实施例3加载siRNA的靶向外泌体对CRPC作用的功能研究
LNCap细胞是激素依赖性的前列腺癌细胞,C4是激素非依赖但可被雄激素刺激,C4-2则是激素非依赖而且是激素不敏感的前列腺癌细胞系,这三种细胞系的恶性程度以及成瘤性逐渐增强,也与临床上前列腺癌的发展过程很相似。用此三种细胞作为一整套完整的前列腺癌发展模型用于后续分子机制和基因治疗的研究。
一、体外实验
1、基因沉默效应检测
将上述加载了EZH2/SOX2-siRNA的外泌体与LNCap,C4,C4-2三种细胞共孵育,用RT-PCR检测靶标基因mRNA的沉默效率,检测蛋白表达水平变化,用Scramble-siRNA作为阴性对照,以及PSMA阴性的PC3细胞作为阴性细胞对照。
根据检测结果可知,与阴性对照组相比,本申请构建的加载有EZH2/SOX2-siRNA的外泌体对靶标基因的沉默效率显著高于阴性对照组。
2、生物学特性改变:细胞增殖和克隆形成实验分别观察细胞的生长速率及集落形成能力。观察并比较单独或联合加载EZH2/SOX2两种siRNA后细胞生长速率,集落形成能力。
通过单独或联合加载EZH2/SOX2两种siRNA后,前列腺癌细胞的生长速率、增殖速率以及集落形成能力显著的降低。
3、细胞毒性测定:根据MTT测定试剂盒(Promega)评估加载siRNA的靶向外泌体的细胞毒性。经测定后可知,加载siRNA的靶向外泌体对非靶向细胞不具有细胞毒性。
二、体内实验
1、去雄荷瘤裸鼠模型建立
购买的裸鼠进行阉割阻断雄激素的刺激,C4-2细胞体外培养后混合基质胶臀部皮下成瘤构建去势的荷瘤裸鼠模型。
2、成瘤率观察
给予加载了针对两种靶基因的最佳siRNA的外泌体通过尾静脉给药方式,分为对照组(不给药:PBS),给药组(携带EZH2/SOX2-siRNA的靶向外泌体以及对照Scramble-siRNA),以及和抗雄激素药物联用(本申请构建的外泌体体系+恩扎鲁胺)三组,观察种植三种细胞后肿瘤生长情况,结果见表1。
表1 肿瘤生长情况
对照组 | 给药组 | 抗雄激素药物联用组 | |
生长情况 | + | - | --- |
集落形成 | 是 | 否 | 否 |
其中,+表示观察中肿瘤细胞的生长、增殖速率逐渐加快;-表示观察中肿瘤细胞的生长增殖受到抑制。
根据表1的结果可知,本申请构建的携带EZH2/SOX2-siRNA的靶向外泌体(给药组)与携带恩扎鲁胺的外泌体(抗雄激素药物联用组)均能够沉默靶基因,抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖。此外,与给药组相比,抗雄激素药物联用组的抑制效果更加明显,表明本申请构建的携带EZH2/SOX2-siRNA的靶向外泌体能够提升细胞对于恩扎鲁胺的敏感性,降低其耐药性。
3、基因沉默效果
处死裸鼠后瘤体称重,对瘤体和裸鼠器官进行免疫组化染色检测,并通过Northernblot、Westernblot以确定是否在体内对靶基因进行抑制产生抗肿瘤效果。
给药组裸鼠的瘤体重量明显小于对照组;在免疫组化染色检测中,给药组和抗雄激素药物联用组小鼠器官中基本检测不到靶基因的表达,表明本申请构建的携带EZH2/SOX2-siRNA的靶向外泌体能够沉默靶基因。
4、表观遗传谱系标志蛋白检测
检测并且比较治疗前后,以及单独EZH2、单独SOX2以及EZH2/SOX2同时干涉后裸鼠模型对雄激素的敏感性的变化程度,检测增殖指标的变化,检测RB1和TP53的变化,免疫组化检测肿瘤组织中AR、Trp63、Krt8、Syp的表达情况。
经单独EZH2、单独SOX2以及EZH2/SOX2同时干涉后裸鼠模型对雄激素的敏感性显著提升,表明其能够扭转前列腺癌的激素抵抗特性,能够增强癌细胞对雄激素剥夺和抗雄激素疗法的敏感性。
在免疫组化检测结果中,促进了雄激素受体AR的表达量,同时,Trp63、Krt8、Syp的表达也受到了一定程度上的抑制。
5、机体免疫反应检测
在同时检测裸鼠血清ALT水平,观察靶向输送蛋白是否具有肝脏毒性。检测裸鼠血清IL-6,TNF-a和IFN-a的水平,检测机体在外泌体靶向输送系统作用下是否产生免疫反应,其结果见表2。
表2 IL-6,TNF-a和IFN-a测定结果
IL-6(Pg/mL) | TNF-a(Pg/mL) | IFN-a(Pg/mL) | |
正常组 | 2.2 | 4.6 | 19.6 |
治疗组 | 2.4 | 5.3 | 18.3 |
未治疗组 | 4.5 | 10.4 | 22.6 |
根据表2检测结果可知,本申请构建的外泌体在靶向发挥作用时,并不会使机体产生免疫反应。
序列表
<110> 中国人民解放军空军军医大学
<120> 一种前列腺癌分子靶向系统及其构建方法和应用
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Claims (9)
1.一种前列腺癌分子靶向系统,其特征在于,包括靶向外泌体以及其负载的活性成分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的前列腺癌分子靶向系统,其特征在于,所述靶向外泌体为能特异性识别PSMA靶标的靶向外泌体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的前列腺癌分子靶向系统,其特征在于,所述靶向外泌体的构建过程为:
将PSMA单链抗体与外泌体膜上的蛋白Lamp2b融合,构建得到PSMA-Lamp2b质粒,然后慢病毒包装后感染细胞,使之分泌产生能特异性识别PSMA靶标的的靶向外泌体。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的前列腺癌分子靶向系统,其特征在于,所述活性成分为能够抑制前列腺增殖、扩增、迁移和/或侵袭的成分;或为降低其激素抵抗性的成分。
5.根据权利要求4所述的前列腺癌分子靶向系统,其特征在于,所述活性成分为siRNA,其核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1或SEQ ID NO.2所示。
6.一种如权利要求1~5任一项所述的前列腺癌分子靶向治疗系统的构建方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)构建能特异性识别前列腺癌中靶基因的靶向外泌体;
(2)设计具有抗肿瘤效果的siRNA,然后将其加载至靶向外泌体上即可。
7.权利要求1~5任一项所述的前列腺癌分子靶向系统,或权利要求6所述的构建方法在制备治疗前列腺癌的药物中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述前列腺癌为去势抵抗型前列腺癌。
9.一种用于治疗前列腺癌的联合药物,其特征在于,包括权利要求1~5任一项所述的前列腺癌分子靶向系统,以及抗雄激素药物。
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