CN114074186A - A kind of preparation method of spherical atomized magnesium-silicon-based multi-component alloy powder and obtained alloy powder - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of spherical atomized magnesium-silicon-based multi-component alloy powder and obtained alloy powder Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/10—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying using centrifugal force
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
- B22F2201/10—Inert gases
- B22F2201/11—Argon
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种球形雾化镁硅基多元合金粉体的制备方法及得到的合金粉体，所述方法包括：1)对包括金属镁、非金属硅和任选的其它添加材料在内的原料进行表面除杂；2)利用磁悬浮真空熔炼对步骤1除杂后的原料进行熔炼，得到熔炼液；3)对所述熔炼液进行离心雾化、同时利用惰性气体进行反吹；4)先进行冷却处理，再将粉体引入缓冲罐内进行缓冲处理，然后经收集和任选的过筛得到所述球形雾化镁硅基多元合金粉体。非金属硅的熔点为1414℃，沸点2355℃，密度为2.49g/cm3。用硅的高质量热值特性，不仅使得镁合金的整体质量热值得到提高，同时可以较低的硅的含量达到所需的高热值，提高合金粉体的密度。
The invention discloses a preparation method of spherical atomized magnesium-silicon-based multi-element alloy powder and obtained alloy powder. 2) use magnetic levitation vacuum smelting to smelt the raw material after the impurity removal in step 1 to obtain a smelting liquid; 3) carry out centrifugal atomization to the smelting liquid, and use an inert gas to carry out backflushing; 4) Cooling treatment is performed first, then the powder is introduced into a buffer tank for buffer treatment, and then the spherical atomized magnesium-silicon-based multi-element alloy powder is obtained through collection and optional sieving. The melting point of non-metallic silicon is 1414°C, the boiling point is 2355°C, and the density is 2.49 g/cm 3 . Using the high-quality calorific value characteristics of silicon, not only the overall quality calorific value of the magnesium alloy is improved, but also the required high calorific value can be achieved with a lower silicon content, and the density of the alloy powder can be increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of alloy powder, particularly relates to magnesium-silicon alloy powder, and particularly relates to a preparation method of spherical atomized magnesium-silicon-based multi-element alloy powder and the obtained alloy powder.
Background
High-energy propellants, pyrotechnic materials and the like require magnesium alloy spherical powder with high heat value density, high heat enthalpy density and high activity, and metal elements forming an alloy with magnesium are required to have high density and higher heat value. The heat value of the silicon is 32.4kJ/g, and the density is 2.49g/cm3Melting point 1414 ℃; silicon is therefore suitable for alloying with magnesium, increasing the overall heating value of the alloy system.
Magnesium has a high mass thermal value and a high oxidation rate, and is widely used as a combustible agent in an energetic material system. During the reaction process of the energetic material system, the magnesium particles and water, carbon dioxide, oxygen and the like in the combustion products of the energetic material are subjected to gas-gas phase reaction. Since the gasification of magnesium particles is surface gasification, the combustion rate of magnesium powder is mainly dependent on the size of magnesium particles. To increase the burning rate, the size of the magnesium particles must be reduced.
The nanometer magnesium particles have low activity, are easy to spontaneously agglomerate into large particles, have poor manufacturability in compounding with the energetic material, and are difficult to realize the effect of improving the energy release rate of the energetic material. Meanwhile, the melting point of magnesium is 648.9 ℃, the melting point of silicon is 1414 ℃, and if the magnesium and the silicon are made into an alloy, the technical difficulty of mixing high-melting-point differential multi-element metals is encountered.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides spherical atomized magnesium-silicon-based multi-element alloy powder and a preparation method thereof, wherein silicon is a high-quality calorific value material and is widely applied to the fields of mixed explosives, solid propellants, pyrotechnic compositions and the like. The melting point of magnesium is 648.9 deg.C, the boiling point is 1107 deg.C, and the density is 1.74g/cm3While the heat of combustion of magnesium was 25.71 kJ/g. The melting point of nonmetal silicon is 1414 ℃, the boiling point is 2355 ℃, and the density is 2.49g/cm3. The high-quality heat value characteristic of silicon not only improves the overall quality heat value of the magnesium alloy, but also can reach the required high heat value with lower silicon content and improve the density of the alloy powder.
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a preparation method of spherical atomized magnesium-silicon-based multi-element alloy powder, which comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out surface impurity removal on raw materials comprising metal magnesium, non-metal silicon and optional other added materials;
(2) smelting the raw materials subjected to impurity removal in the step 1 by using magnetic suspension vacuum smelting to obtain a smelting solution;
(3) carrying out centrifugal atomization on the smelting liquid and carrying out back flushing by using inert gas;
(4) firstly, cooling, then introducing the powder into a buffer tank for buffering, and then collecting and optionally sieving to obtain the spherical atomized magnesium-silicon-based multicomponent alloy powder.
In the process of preparing the non-metallic silicon-added metallic component, the metallic magnesium ingot and the non-metallic silicon ingot need to be pretreated before being heated and melted so as to remove an oxide film on the surface; the whole process of heating, melting, mixing, spraying and condensing the metal magnesium ingot and the nonmetal silicon ingot is carried out under the protection of high-purity inert gas, so that the oxidation under the high-temperature condition is avoided, and the content of active metal in the magnesium-silicon alloy powder is improved.
In the prior art, two or more metals with larger melting point differences are considered by those skilled in the art to be incapable of melting together, especially components which can mutually react, such as silicon and magnesium, and therefore, the prior art mostly carries out melting treatment on silicon and magnesium respectively, and then mixing and atomizing. However, the inventor finds out through a large number of experiments that the silicon and the magnesium with high melting point difference can be melted together without interaction reaction by adopting the magnetic suspension vacuum melting technology, and the technical bias is overcome.
In a preferred embodiment, the removal of impurities in step 1 is carried out as follows: firstly, raw materials are polished by sand paper. Secondly, placing the raw materials in a sodium hydroxide solution: the temperature is 50-60 ℃, the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 5%, and the time is 0.5-1 minute; meanwhile, ultrasonic oscillation is adopted, the power of the ultrasonic oscillation is 10-60 KW, and the frequency is 160 KHZ. Thirdly, washing the raw materials with water and drying in an inert atmosphere.
The preparation method of the silicon-magnesium alloy powder adopts magnetic suspension vacuum melting-argon suspension stirring, adopts anaerobic closed loop and high-speed butterfly centrifugal atomization method production in inert gas environment, and carries out crystallization control through non-equilibrium condensation. The invention is carried out under the protection of high-purity inert gas in the whole process of metal heating melting, spraying and condensation molding, thereby avoiding oxidation under high temperature condition and improving the content of active metal in the magnesium-silicon alloy powder.
In a preferred embodiment, in step 1, the additive material is selected from at least one of metallic aluminum, metallic zinc, metallic iron or metallic copper, and rare earth metals.
In a further preferred embodiment, the rare earth metal is selected from at least one of samarium, lanthanum, cerium and scandium.
In a further preferred embodiment, the amount of said additional material is 10% or less, preferably 8% or less, based on 100% by weight of the starting material.
In a preferred embodiment, the weight amounts of the components in the feed are as follows:
wherein, not more than 5 percent of aluminum is added, and the mass heat value of the alloy powder is increased by utilizing the high mass heat value of the aluminum. Adding zinc not more than 2.5% to increase the density value of the multi-element alloy. Adding not more than 0.3% of iron or copper, and catalyzing the combustion of the propellant by using the iron oxide in the combustion product of the alloy powder. The addition of rare earth metal of which the content is not more than 0.2 percent promotes the grain refinement of the multi-component alloy and improves the component uniformity.
In a preferred embodiment, in step 2, the inert gas is selected from argon.
In a further preferred embodiment, in step 2, the temperature of the melting is 1300 ℃ to 1600 ℃ (for example, 1300 ℃, 1400 ℃, 1500 ℃ or 1600 ℃), preferably 1400 ℃ to 1500 ℃, and the liquid phase viscosity is controlled.
The inventor finds out through a large number of experiments that the coexistence time of the liquid magnesium and the liquid silicon is shortened through the magnetic suspension vacuum melting technology, so that the quantity of the liquid magnesium and the liquid silicon participating in the interaction reaction is reduced, and the co-melting of two or more substances with larger melting point difference can be realized.
The alloying preparation of magnesium and other metals or nonmetals effectively expands the application of magnesium in the field of energetic materials, and makes the magnesium have special properties in the aspects of energy release and ignition characteristics. The atomization method is a method for directly crushing and rapidly condensing molten metal liquid into powder under the action of external force, and is the mainstream method for preparing magnesium and alloy powder thereof at present.
In a preferred embodiment, in step 3, during centrifugal atomization, inert gas is blown into the centrifugal atomization system in the direction opposite to the centrifugal direction.
The inventor finds that the effect of back blowing in the centrifugal direction by adopting the inert gas is obviously better than that of back blowing in the same direction with the centrifugal direction through a large amount of experimental researches.
Wherein, in the centrifugal atomization process, the inert gas is used for carrying out back flushing on the high-speed fog drops to form vortex, so that the alloy powder is ensured to be in heterogeneous alloy. Meanwhile, the atomized liquid drops can be protected from being polluted by inert gas back blowing.
In a further preferred embodiment, the temperature of the inert gas in step 3 is 0 to 50 ℃, preferably 0 to 30 ℃, and more preferably, the inert gas is selected from argon.
Wherein, the rapid nonequilibrium condensation crystallization is realized by controlling the temperature of argon. If ultra-low temperature nitrogen (such as liquid nitrogen cooling nitrogen gas and-80 ℃) is adopted, the performance of the powder is influenced due to too large temperature difference, and the inventor finds that the temperature difference between the high temperature and 0-50 ℃ is high enough to realize cooling when the powder is smelted, and meanwhile, the performance of the powder is not influenced.
In a preferred embodiment, in step 3, the centrifugal linear speed is controlled to be 40m/s to 80m/s to ensure that the fog drops are compact, and the size distribution of the fog drops is controlled by controlling the rotating speed and the liquid temperature.
In the invention, the powder is produced by adopting a high-speed butterfly centrifugal atomization method, the diameter and the rotating speed of a butterfly rotating disc are controlled, the centrifugal linear speed of the rotating disc is 40-80 m/s, the fog drops are ensured to be compact, and the size distribution of the fog drops is controlled by controlling the rotating speed and the liquid temperature. No hollow spheres appear; the outer surface of the ball is ensured to be smooth. Argon gas back blowing is adopted to prevent the collision wall from forming an incomplete sphere. For example, the centrifugal linear velocity is controlled to be 40m/s, 50m/s, 60m/s, 70m/s or 80 m/s.
The powder prepared by the method has the following characteristics: the air flow mixing is more uniform, and the purity of the powder is high; the centrifugal atomization increases the spraying speed of the liquid, the shape sphericity of the liquid drops is high, the size of the liquid drops can be controlled to be high, and the liquid drops are back blown and rapidly quenched to form the prealloy. Not only keeps the macroscopic uniformity of each element in the sphere, but also keeps the independent characteristic.
In a preferred embodiment, in step 4, the cooling treatment is performed using an inert gas at 0 to 50 ℃, preferably 0 to 30 ℃, for example, at normal temperature.
In a preferred embodiment, in step 4, the alloy powder is collected by a bag collector.
In step 4, after the alloy powder is collected, screening and grading are optionally carried out to obtain a product with the required particle size.
In step 2 and step 3, the inert gas is selected from argon.
The device for carrying out the preparation method comprises a magnetic suspension smelting furnace, an atomizing tank, a cooler, a buffer tank, a cloth bag powder collector and a water cooler which are connected in sequence.
Wherein, the raw material melted by the magnetic suspension smelting furnace is directly input into an atomization tank for atomization treatment, the atomized powder enters a cooler for further cooling, then enters a buffer tank for buffering, and enters a cloth bag powder collector for collecting the powder after buffering; the water cooler arranged at the tail end can adjust the internal and external atmospheric pressures of the cloth bag powder collecting device, and meanwhile, the cold water can block external oxygen outside the water cooler, so that the water seal effect can be achieved on the cloth bag powder collecting device, and the oxidation of the alloy powder inside the cloth bag powder collecting device is prevented. In particular, through a great deal of experiments, the inventor finds that adding the buffer tank before the cloth bag powder collector can obviously provide the collection amount of the powder, because if the buffer tank is not added, the powder flowing out of the cooler is high in flow rate (which can be understood as high in forward momentum), and the powder collection amount of the cloth bag powder collector is influenced through the cloth bag powder collector quickly. After the buffer tank is added, the buffer speed reduction of the flowing powder can be realized, so that the flowing powder slowly enters the cloth bag powder collecting device, and the powder collecting effect is further obviously improved.
In a preferred embodiment, the various parts of the apparatus of the invention are evacuated and filled with an inert gas.
In a preferred embodiment, a butterfly centrifugal atomizing disk, a blanking pipe, a powder storage bin and a powder collection tank are sequentially arranged in the atomizer from top to bottom.
Wherein, there is a little part powder directly to fall into the receipts powder jar of atomizing jar in centrifugal atomization process, but this part is the particle size generally great or particle size distributes unevenly, because the powder of little particle size can directly get into the cooler, gets into the sack at last and receives the powder ware and collect. However, the powder collected by the atomizer can be used as the next raw material to enter the magnetic suspension smelting furnace again.
In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of inert gas blowing ports are provided in a wall of the atomization tank.
In a further preferred embodiment, a plurality of inert gas blowing openings are provided (uniformly) in the circumferential direction in the middle of the wall of the atomizing pot (preferably on the wall of the same plane as the atomizing disk). In a preferred embodiment, the cooler is filled with argon, and the temperature of the argon is 0-50 ℃, preferably 0-30 ℃.
In a preferred embodiment, an inert gas addition valve and a vacuum valve are provided between the atomization tank and the cooler.
In a further preferred embodiment, the inert gas added through the inert gas addition valve is an inert gas at 0 to 50 ℃, preferably an inert gas at 0 to 30 ℃.
In a preferred embodiment, an inert gas, preferably argon, is blown into the bag collector.
The inventor finds that inert gas is blown into the bag collector to enable powder falling to be more uniform through experiments.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide the spherical atomized magnesium-silicon-based multi-component alloy powder obtained by the preparation method of the first purpose of the invention.
In a preferred embodiment, the powder contains magnesium element, silicon element and other additive elements, wherein the content of the magnesium element is 80 wt% -90 wt%, the content of the silicon element is 4 wt% -12 wt%, and the content of the other additive elements is less than or equal to 10%.
In a further preferred embodiment, the powder contains magnesium, silicon and other additive elements, wherein the content of the magnesium is 82 wt% -88 wt%, the content of the silicon is 6 wt% -10 wt%, and the content of the other additive elements is 2 wt% -8 wt%.
In a preferred embodiment, the additional element is at least one element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, zinc, iron, copper, and rare earths.
In a further preferred embodiment, the rare earth element is selected from at least one of samarium, lanthanum, cerium and scandium.
Wherein, the rare earth elements can promote the elements to be combined more tightly and play a role in viscosity.
In a preferred embodiment, in the magnesium-silicon alloy powder, the content of aluminum is less than or equal to 5 wt%, the content of zinc is less than or equal to 2.5 wt%, the content of iron or copper is less than or equal to 0.3 wt%, and the content of rare earth elements is less than or equal to 0.2 wt%.
In a further preferred embodiment, in the silicon-magnesium alloy powder, the content of aluminum is less than or equal to 3 wt%, the content of zinc is less than or equal to 2 wt%, the content of iron or copper is less than or equal to 0.2 wt%, and the content of rare earth elements is less than or equal to 0.1 wt%.
Wherein, not more than 5 percent of aluminum is added, and the mass heat value of the alloy powder is increased by utilizing the high mass heat value of the aluminum. Adding zinc not more than 2.5% to increase the density value of the multi-element alloy. Adding not more than 0.3% of iron or copper, and catalyzing the combustion of the propellant by using the iron oxide in the combustion product of the alloy powder. The addition of rare earth metal of which the content is not more than 0.2 percent promotes the grain refinement of the multi-component alloy and improves the component uniformity.
In a preferred embodiment, the theoretical density of the silicon-magnesium alloy powder is 1.8g/cm3～2.0g/cm3And the heat value is more than or equal to 25 kJ/g. Magnesium and silicon have higher mass heating values.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the magnetic suspension vacuum melting technology is adopted, so that the coexistence time of the liquid magnesium and the liquid silicon is reduced, and the quantity of the liquid magnesium participating in the interaction reaction is reduced.
(2) Magnetic suspension vacuum melting-argon suspension stirring, anaerobic closed-loop, high-speed butterfly centrifugal atomization in inert gas environment production, and crystallization control by non-equilibrium condensation. The invention is carried out under the protection of high-purity inert gas in the whole process of metal heating melting, spraying and condensation molding, thereby avoiding oxidation under high temperature condition and improving the content of active metal in the magnesium-silicon alloy powder.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an in-situ butterfly centrifugal atomization in the atomizer
a-centrifugal direction, b inert gas back-blowing direction.
Detailed Description
While the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, it should be understood that the following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The raw materials used in the examples and comparative examples are disclosed in the prior art if not particularly limited, and may be, for example, directly purchased or prepared according to the preparation methods disclosed in the prior art.
[ example 1 ]
(1) Placing a magnesium ingot and a silicon ingot with the weight of 83:17 into a vacuum smelting furnace, and purging by adopting high-temperature inert gas to remove gas containing oxidizing atmosphere adsorbed on the surface;
(2) smelting the treated raw materials at 1500 ℃ by using a magnetic suspension smelting furnace, and suspending and stirring by using argon in the magnetic suspension smelting furnace;
(3) producing the low-oxidation solid spherical magnesium-silicon alloy powder by adopting a high-speed butterfly centrifugal atomization method in an anaerobic closed loop in an atomization tank under an inert gas environment, wherein the centrifugal linear speed is controlled to be 60m/s, normal-temperature argon is blown in along the reverse direction of the centrifugal direction, and non-equilibrium condensation crystallization control is carried out to form low-oxidation solid spherical magnesium-silicon alloy powder;
(4) most of the powder enters a cooler, a buffer tank and a cloth bag powder collector in sequence after centrifugal atomization.
(5) And grading the alloy powder by using a vibrating screen, and then sealing and packaging.
Wherein, the sieved magnesium-silicon alloy powder is sieved by a 325-mesh sieve, the particle size of the magnesium-silicon alloy powder under the sieve is several microns to several hundred microns, the roundness value is 0.95, and the density is 1.8g/cm3. The alloy powder comprises 84 percent of Mg and 16 percent of Ti.
[ example 2 ]
(1) Putting magnesium, silicon, aluminum, zinc, copper and samarium in a vacuum smelting furnace according to the weight ratio of 86:8:3:2:0.2:0.1, and purging by adopting high-temperature inert gas to remove gas adsorbed on the surface and containing oxidizing atmosphere;
(2) smelting the treated raw materials at 1500 ℃ by using a magnetic suspension smelting furnace, and suspending and stirring by using argon in the magnetic suspension smelting furnace;
(3) producing the low-oxidation solid spherical magnesium-silicon alloy powder by adopting a high-speed butterfly centrifugal atomization method in an anaerobic closed loop in an atomization tank under an inert gas environment, wherein the centrifugal linear speed is controlled to be 70m/s, normal-temperature argon is blown in along the reverse direction of the centrifugal direction, and non-equilibrium condensation crystallization control is carried out to form low-oxidation solid spherical magnesium-silicon alloy powder;
(4) most of the powder enters a cooler, a buffer tank and a cloth bag powder collector in sequence after centrifugal atomization.
(5) And grading the alloy powder by using a vibrating screen, and then sealing and packaging.
Wherein, the sieved magnesium-silicon alloy powder is sieved by a 325-mesh sieve, and the theoretical density of the magnesium-silicon alloy powder under the sieve is 1.8g/cm3～2.0g/cm3And the heat value is more than or equal to 25 kJ/g.
[ example 3 ]
(1) Placing magnesium, silicon, aluminum, zinc, copper and samarium in a vacuum smelting furnace according to the weight ratio of 82:10:5:2.5:0.3:0.2, and purging by adopting high-temperature inert gas to remove gas containing oxidizing atmosphere adsorbed on the surface;
(2) smelting the treated raw materials at 1400 ℃ by using a magnetic suspension smelting furnace, and suspending and stirring by using argon in the magnetic suspension smelting furnace;
(3) producing the low-oxidation solid spherical magnesium-silicon alloy powder by adopting a high-speed butterfly centrifugal atomization method in an anaerobic closed loop in an atomization tank under an inert gas environment, wherein the centrifugal linear speed is controlled to be 50m/s, normal-temperature argon is blown in along the reverse direction of the centrifugal direction, and non-equilibrium condensation crystallization control is carried out to form low-oxidation solid spherical magnesium-silicon alloy powder;
(4) most of the powder enters a cooler, a buffer tank and a cloth bag powder collector in sequence after centrifugal atomization.
(5) And grading the alloy powder by using a vibrating screen, and then sealing and packaging.
Wherein, the sieved powder is sieved by 325 meshesThe theoretical density of the magnesium-silicon alloy powder under the sieve is 1.8g/cm3～2.0g/cm3And the heat value is more than or equal to 25 kJ/g.
[ example 4 ]
(1) Putting magnesium, silicon, aluminum, zinc, iron and samarium in a vacuum smelting furnace according to the weight ratio of 88:8:2:1:0.1:0.05, and purging by adopting high-temperature inert gas to remove gas which is adsorbed on the surface and contains oxidizing atmosphere;
(2) smelting the treated raw materials at 1600 ℃ by using a magnetic suspension smelting furnace, and carrying out suspension stirring in the magnetic suspension smelting furnace by using argon;
(3) producing the low-oxidation solid spherical magnesium-silicon alloy powder by adopting a high-speed butterfly centrifugal atomization method in an anaerobic closed loop in an atomization tank under an inert gas environment, wherein the centrifugal linear speed is controlled to be 40m/s, normal-temperature argon is blown in along the reverse direction of the centrifugal direction, and non-equilibrium condensation crystallization control is carried out to form low-oxidation solid spherical magnesium-silicon alloy powder;
(4) most of the powder enters a cooler, a buffer tank and a cloth bag powder collector in sequence after centrifugal atomization.
(5) And grading the alloy powder by using a vibrating screen, and then sealing and packaging.
Wherein, the sieved magnesium-silicon alloy powder is sieved by a 325-mesh sieve, and the theoretical density of the magnesium-silicon alloy powder under the sieve is 1.8g/cm3～2.0g/cm3And the heat value is more than or equal to 25 kJ/g.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of spherical atomized magnesium-silicon-based multi-element alloy powder comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out surface impurity removal on raw materials comprising metal magnesium, non-metal silicon and optional other added materials;
(2) smelting the raw materials subjected to impurity removal in the step 1 by using magnetic suspension vacuum smelting to obtain a smelting solution;
(3) carrying out centrifugal atomization on the smelting liquid and carrying out back flushing by using inert gas;
(4) firstly, cooling, then introducing the powder into a buffer tank for buffering, and then collecting and optionally sieving to obtain the spherical atomized magnesium-silicon-based multicomponent alloy powder.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the additive material is selected from at least one of aluminum metal, zinc metal, iron metal or copper metal, rare earth metal, preferably the rare earth metal is selected from at least one of samarium, lanthanum, cerium and scandium, more preferably the additive material is used in an amount of 10% or less, preferably 8% or less, based on 100 wt% of the raw material.
3. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the raw materials comprise the following components in amounts by weight:
4. the production method according to claim 1,
in the step 2, the smelting temperature is 1300-1600 ℃, and preferably 1400-1500 ℃; and/or
Step 2 is carried out under an inert gas, preferably selected from argon.
5. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, in step 3,
blowing inert gas into a centrifugal atomization system along the opposite direction of the centrifugal direction during centrifugal atomization, wherein the temperature of the inert gas is preferably 0-50 ℃; and/or
The centrifugal linear speed is controlled to be 40 m/s-80 m/s.
6. A spherical atomized magnesium-silicon-based multi-element alloy powder is preferably prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the powder contains magnesium, silicon and other additive elements, the content of the magnesium is 80-90 wt%, the content of the silicon is 4-12 wt%, and the content of the other additive elements is less than or equal to 10%.
7. The spherical atomized magnesium-silicon-based multi-element alloy powder as claimed in claim 6, wherein the powder contains magnesium, silicon and other additive elements, the content of magnesium is 82 wt% -88 wt%, the content of silicon is 6 wt% -10 wt%, and the content of other additive elements is 2 wt% -8 wt%.
8. The spherical atomized magnesium-silicon-based multi-element alloy powder according to claim 6, wherein the other additive element is at least one element selected from aluminum, zinc, iron or copper, and rare earth elements, preferably the rare earth elements are at least one element selected from samarium, lanthanum, cerium and scandium.
9. The spherical atomized magnesium-silicon-based multicomponent alloy powder according to claim 8, wherein the content of aluminum is less than or equal to 5 wt%, the content of zinc is less than or equal to 2.5 wt%, the content of iron or copper is less than or equal to 0.3 wt%, and the content of rare earth is less than or equal to 0.2 wt%; preferably, the content of aluminum element is less than or equal to 3 wt%, the content of zinc element is less than or equal to 2 wt%, the content of iron element or copper element is less than or equal to 0.2 wt%, and the content of rare earth element is less than or equal to 0.1 wt%.
10. The spherical atomized magnesium-silicon-based multi-element alloy powder according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the theoretical density of the silicon-magnesium alloy powder is 1.8g/cm3～2.0g/cm3And the heat value is more than or equal to 25 kJ/g.
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