CN114063291A

CN114063291A - Head-up display devices, head-up display systems and transportation equipment

Info

Publication number: CN114063291A
Application number: CN202010788933.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 方涛; 徐俊峰; 吴慧军
Original assignee: Futurus Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Futurus Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-08-07
Filing date: 2020-08-07
Publication date: 2022-02-18

Abstract

A head-up display device, head-up display system and transportation equipment. The head-up display device includes an image source, a reflective element, a partially reflective and partially transmissive element, and at least one sensor. The image source is configured to output light for displaying the image; the reflective element is configured to reflect and converge the light displaying the image; the partially reflective and partially transmissive element is disposed in the light path between the image source and the reflective element; at least one sensor is located in the partially reflective element the side of the plane where the partially transmissive element is located away from the image source; the partially reflective and partially transmissive element is configured to split a light beam originating from outside the head-up display device and incident on the partially reflective and partially transmissive element into first sub-beams with different transmission directions and a second sub-beam; the first sub-beam is configured to be transmittable towards the image source and the second sub-beam is configured to be transmittable towards the at least one sensor. In the head-up display device, the sensor does not affect the display effect of the head-up display device.

Description

Head-up display device, head-up display system and traffic equipment

Technical Field

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a head-up display device, a head-up display system, and a transportation apparatus.

Background

A Head-Up Display (HUD) projects light of a Display image output from an image source onto an imaging window (e.g., an imaging plate, a windshield, etc.) through, for example, a reflective optical design, so as to Display vehicle state information such as a vehicle speed and an oil amount and indication information such as navigation and hazard warning at an appropriate position in front of a driver, thereby enabling the driver to acquire related information such as the vehicle speed and the oil amount without a sight line deviating from a road surface in front, and further improving a safety factor and driving experience of driving.

Disclosure of Invention

At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a head-up display device including an image source, a reflective element, a partially reflective and partially transmissive element, and at least one sensor. The image source is configured to output light that displays an image; the reflective element is configured to reflect and condense light of the display image to form a virtual image; the partially reflective and partially transmissive element is disposed in an optical path between the image source to the reflective element; the at least one sensor is positioned on a side of the plane of the partially reflective partially transmissive element away from the image source; the partial reflection partial transmission element is configured to split a light beam which originates from the exterior of the head-up display device and is incident on the partial reflection partial transmission element into a first sub-light beam and a second sub-light beam with different transmission directions; the partially reflective partially transmissive element, the image source and the at least one sensor are collectively configured such that at least a portion of the second sub-beam is incident on the at least one sensor if the first sub-beam is incident on at least a partial area of the image source.

For example, in at least one example of the heads-up display device, the at least one sensor includes a first sensor; and a main transmission axis of light of a display image output by the image source intersects the first sensor with respect to a virtual straight line on which a mirror image of the partially reflective partially transmissive element is located.

For example, in at least one example of the heads-up display device, a main transmission axis of light of the display image intersects the partially reflective partially transmissive element at a first location; and a mirror image of a main transmission axis of light of the display image with respect to the partially reflective partially transmissive element overlaps a virtual line between a center of the first sensor and the first location.

For example, in at least one example of the heads-up display device, the at least one sensor includes a first sensor; the image source includes a display area; and a projection of the first sensor on the image source along a primary transmission axis of light of a display image output by the image source relative to a mirror image of the partially reflective partially transmissive element at least partially overlaps a display area of the image source.

For example, in at least one example of the heads-up display device, a projection of the first sensor on the image source along a primary transmission axis of light of a display image output by the image source relative to a mirror image of the partially reflective partially transmissive element at least partially overlaps a center of a display area of the image source.

For example, in at least one example of the heads-up display device, the at least one sensor further comprises at least one second sensor; the projection of the at least one second sensor on the image source along the main transmission axis of light of the display image with respect to the mirror image of the partially reflective partially transmissive element is located at least at the periphery of the display area of the image source.

For example, in at least one example of the heads-up display device, the at least one sensor includes a first sensor; the image source includes a display area; and an orthographic projection of the first sensor on a plane in which the image source is located relative to a mirror image of the partially reflective partially transmissive element at least partially overlaps a display area of the image source.

For example, in at least one example of the heads-up display device, an orthographic projection of the first sensor on a plane in which the image source is located relative to a mirror image of the partially reflective partially transmissive element at least partially overlaps a center of a display area of the image source.

For example, in at least one example of the heads-up display device, the at least one sensor further comprises at least one second sensor. The orthographic projection of the at least one second sensor on the plane of the image source relative to the mirror image of the partially reflective partially transmissive element is located at least at the periphery of the display area of the image source.

For example, in at least one example of the heads-up display device, an orthographic projection of the at least one sensor on a plane of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element is entirely within an orthographic projection of the image source on a plane of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element.

For example, in at least one example of the heads-up display device, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element is further configured to cause the first sub-beam to transmit through the partially reflective and partially transmissive element and to reflect the second sub-beam.

For example, in at least one example of the heads-up display device, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element is further configured to cause the second sub-beam to transmit through the partially reflective and partially transmissive element and to reflect the first sub-beam.

For example, in at least one example of the heads-up display device, the partially reflective partially transmissive element is configured such that the spectrum of the first sub-beam and the spectrum of the second sub-beam are substantially the same; and the sum of the intensity of the first sub-beam and the intensity of the second sub-beam is substantially equal to the intensity of the beam originating from outside the head-up display device and incident on the partially reflective partially transmissive element.

For example, in at least one example of the heads-up display device, the partially reflective partially transmissive element is configured such that the first sub-beam includes a portion of the beam originating outside the heads-up display device and incident on the partially reflective partially transmissive element that is in a predetermined wavelength band, and such that the second sub-beam includes a portion of the beam originating outside the heads-up display device and incident on the partially reflective partially transmissive element that is outside the predetermined wavelength band.

For example, in at least one example of the heads-up display device, the light of the display image output by the image source includes any one or any combination of light of a first wavelength band, light of a second wavelength band, and light of a third wavelength band; colors of the light of the first wavelength band, the light of the second wavelength band, and the light of the third wavelength band are different from each other; any two of the first, second, and third bands are spaced apart from one another; and the predetermined wavelength band comprises a combination of the first wavelength band, the second wavelength band, and the third wavelength band.

For example, in at least one example of the heads-up display device, the partially reflective partially transmissive element is further configured such that the polarization state of the first sub-beam is a predetermined polarization state.

For example, in at least one example of the head-up display device, the head-up display device further includes a first diffusing element. The first diffusing element is located in an optical path from the partially reflective partially transmissive element to the at least one sensor and is configured to diffuse the second sub-beam.

For example, in at least one example of the heads-up display device, the at least one sensor is configured to communicate with a controller; and the controller is configured to issue an alarm instruction in response to the intensity of light in the second sub-beam incident on the at least one sensor being greater than or equal to a predetermined light intensity threshold.

For example, in at least one example of the head-up display device, the head-up display device further includes a light blocking element. The controller is further configured to drive the shutter element to transition from the first state to the second state in response to the intensity of light in the second sub-beam incident on the at least one sensor being greater than or equal to the predetermined light intensity threshold; the shading element is configured to enable the first sub-beam to be incident on the image source in the first state; and the shading element is configured to prevent the first sub-beam from being incident on the image source in the second state.

For example, in at least one example of the heads-up display device, the heads-up display device further includes a feedback. The controller is further configured to cause the shading element to transition from the second state to the first state in response to a restoration instruction output by the feedback.

For example, in at least one example of the head-up display device, the image source includes a light source section, a reflective light guide element, a direction control element, a second diffusing element, and an image generating element; the light source part includes at least one light source configured to emit light; the reflective light guide element is configured to reduce a divergence angle of light emitted by the at least one light source incident on the light-reflecting surface of the reflective light guide element; the direction control element is configured to receive the light rays output by the reflection light guide element and converge the light rays output by the reflection light guide element onto the second diffusion element; the second diffusing element is configured to diffuse the light rays converged by the direction control element and incident on the second diffusing element; and the image generating element is configured to convert the light output by the second diffusing element and originating from the at least one light source into light for output of the display image.

At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a head-up display system including an imaging element and any of the head-up display devices provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The imaging element is configured to image a first virtual image output by the heads-up display device to form a second virtual image.

For example, in at least one example of the heads-up display system, the first virtual image output by the heads-up display device is located at a focal plane of the imaging element.

For example, in at least one example of the heads-up display system, the heads-up display system further includes a first reflective film. The first reflection film is positioned on the surface of the imaging element close to the head-up display device; the reflectivity of the imaging element to the light with the polarization direction being the first direction is a first reflectivity; the reflectivity of the imaging element to the light with the polarization direction in the second direction is a second reflectivity; the reflectivity of the first reflecting film to the light with the polarization direction being the second direction is a third reflectivity; the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; and the first reflectivity and the third reflectivity are both greater than the second reflectivity.

For example, in at least one example of the heads-up display system, a polarization direction of light of a display image output by an image source of the heads-up display device is the second direction.

For example, in at least one example of the heads-up display system, the heads-up display system further includes a phase delay element. The phase delay element is located at an opening of the head-up display device or on a light path from the opening of the head-up display device to the imaging element.

For example, in at least one example of the heads-up display system, the heads-up display system further includes a second reflective film. The second reflection film is positioned on the surface of the imaging element close to the head-up display device; the second reflection film has a fourth reflectivity for light rays which are incident on the second reflection film and are positioned in a preset wave band; the reflectivity of the second reflection film to the visible light which is incident on the second reflection film and is outside the preset wave band is a fifth reflectivity; the fourth reflectivity is greater than the fifth reflectivity; the light of the display image output by the image generating element includes any one or any combination of light of a first wavelength band, light of a second wavelength band, and light of a third wavelength band; colors of the light of the first wavelength band, the light of the second wavelength band, and the light of the third wavelength band are different from each other; any two of the first, second, and third bands are spaced apart from one another; and the predetermined wavelength band comprises a combination of the first wavelength band, the second wavelength band, and the third wavelength band.

For example, in at least one example of the heads-up display system, the heads-up display system further includes a wedge-shaped film positioned in an interlayer of the imaging element.

At least one embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a transportation device including any of the heads-up display systems provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

Drawings

To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description relate only to some embodiments of the present disclosure and are not limiting to the present disclosure.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heads-up display system;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another heads-up display system;

fig. 3A is a schematic diagram of a head-up display device according to at least one embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 3B is another schematic diagram of the heads-up display device shown in FIG. 3A;

fig. 4A is a schematic diagram of a partial area of another head-up display device provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4B shows a schematic diagram of an orthographic projection of a first sensor of the heads-up display device of FIG. 4A onto an image source relative to a mirror image of the partially reflective partially transmissive element;

FIG. 4C illustrates another schematic view of an orthographic projection of the first sensor of the heads-up display device of FIG. 4A on an image source relative to a mirror image of the partially reflective partially transmissive element;

FIG. 4D is another schematic diagram of a portion of the area of the heads-up display device shown in FIG. 4A;

fig. 5A is a schematic diagram of a partial area of another head-up display device provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5B shows a schematic diagram of orthographic projections of the first sensor and the second sensor of the heads-up display device of FIG. 5A on an image source relative to a mirror image of the partially reflective partially transmissive element;

FIG. 5C illustrates another schematic diagram of orthographic projections of the first sensor and the second sensor of the heads-up display device shown in FIG. 5A on an image source relative to a mirror image of the partially reflective partially transmissive element;

fig. 5D illustrates a schematic view of orthographic projections of a first sensor and a second sensor of a heads-up display device on an image source with respect to a mirror image of a partially reflective partially transmissive element provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 6A is a schematic diagram of a partial area of another head-up display device provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 6B is a schematic diagram of a partial area of another head-up display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 7A is a schematic diagram of another head-up display device provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7B is a schematic diagram of a first arrangement of a plurality of sensors of a heads-up display device including a first diffusing element according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 7C is a schematic diagram of a sensor arrangement for a heads-up display device that does not include a first diffusing element according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 7D is a schematic diagram of a first diffusing element diffusing light rays having the same transmission direction in a head-up display device according to at least one embodiment of the disclosure;

fig. 7E is a schematic diagram of a first diffusing element diffusing light with multiple transmission directions in a head-up display device according to at least one embodiment of the disclosure;

fig. 8A is a schematic diagram of yet another head-up display device provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 8B is a schematic diagram of another head-up display device provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 8C is a schematic diagram of another head-up display device provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an image source included in a heads-up display device provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an image generation element included in a heads-up display device provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 11 is a first perspective view of a reflective light directing element and a light source provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 12 is a top view of the reflective light guide element and light source shown in FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a first schematic view of the orthographic projection of the reflective light guide element and the light source of FIG. 11 on the plane of the first side of the light emission driving substrate;

FIG. 14 is a second perspective view of a reflective light directing element and light source provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 15A is a schematic view of another reflective light directing element provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 15B is a schematic view of yet another reflective light directing element 150 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 16 is a schematic view of a reflective light directing element, collimating portion and support portion provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 17 is another schematic view of a reflective light directing element, collimating section and support section provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 18 shows a schematic view of a first state of a first example of a shading element provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 19 illustrates a schematic diagram of a second state of a first example of a shading element provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 20 is a schematic view of a second example of a shading element provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 21 is an exemplary block diagram of still another head-up display device provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 22 is a schematic view of still another head-up display device provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 23 is a schematic diagram of a second state of yet another heads-up display device provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 24 is a schematic diagram of a heads up display system provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 25 is a schematic diagram of another heads-up display system provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 26 is a schematic diagram of yet another heads-up display system provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 27 is a schematic diagram of yet another heads-up display system provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 28 is a schematic view of yet another heads-up display system provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 29 is a schematic view of yet another heads-up display system provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 30 is a schematic diagram of yet another heads-up display system provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 31 is a schematic diagram of yet another heads-up display system provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 32 is another schematic view of the heads-up display system shown in FIG. 28; and

fig. 33 is an exemplary block diagram of a transportation device provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a few embodiments of the present disclosure, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the disclosure without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the disclosure.

Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in this disclosure is not intended to indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but rather is used to distinguish one element from another. Likewise, the word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.

An eye box (eyebox) of the head-up display system refers to an area where both eyes of the driver are located and an image output by the head-up display system can be seen. The eye box area has a certain size, and the two eyes of the driver deviate from the center of the eye box by a certain distance, such as a certain distance in the vertical and horizontal directions, so long as the driver is still in the eye box area, the image output by the head-up display system can be seen.

The inventors of the present disclosure noted in their studies that the heads-up display system 200 shown in fig. 1 has a risk of being damaged by sunlight. This is illustrated below in connection with fig. 1.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a head-up display system. As shown in fig. 1, the heads-up display system includes an image source 511, a reflective element 512, an encapsulating housing 514, and a front windshield 513 of a transportation device. For example, image source 511 is located near the focal plane of reflective element 512. As shown in fig. 1, light emitted from the image source 511 is reflected by the reflective element 512 (for example, reflected by the planar mirror and the curved mirror in sequence), and light 521 emitted from the image source 511 and reflected by the reflective element 512 enters the front windshield 513 (for example, a front window of a traffic device) through the opening of the encapsulating housing 514 and is reflected by the front windshield 513 to form a virtual image 531. The virtual image 531 can be observed by the eyes of the user in the eye box area EBO. For example, as shown in fig. 1, the virtual image 531 is located on a side of the front windshield 513 away from the package case 514, and the eye box area EBO is located on a side of the front windshield 513 close to the package case 514.

The inventors of the present disclosure noted in their studies that, as is known from reversibility of the optical path, external light (e.g., sunlight 522) passing through a front windshield 513 of the heads-up display system through a front window will be condensed by the reflective element 512, thereby causing an increase in the intensity of the sunlight incident on the image source 511; in the case where the intensity of the sunlight 522 is high, even if only a part of the sunlight 522 is incident on the reflection element 512 of the head-up display system, the intensity of the sunlight 522 finally incident on the image source (for example, a light spot condensed near the image source 511) may still be high due to the condensing action of the reflection element 512; in such a case, the sunlight 522 eventually incident on the image source may cause the temperature of the image source 511 to rise; when the temperature of the image source 511 is greater than a predetermined temperature, the image source 511 may be damaged by heat. For example, the image source 511 may be burned. For example, the inventors of the present disclosure have also noted in their research that, in the case of reducing the distance between the image source 511 and the focal plane of the reflective element 512 (e.g., so that the image source 511 is located near the focal plane of the reflective element 512), the intensity of the sunlight 522 incident on the image source 511 will be increased, whereby the temperature of the image source 511 may be further increased, which in turn may increase the risk of the image source 511 being damaged by heat.

The inventors of the present disclosure have noted in their studies that although the image source 511 may be protected by employing a light shielding measure after the intensity of the sunlight 522 sensed by a sensor disposed at or near an opening of the head up display system's package case 514 or a sensor on or near the reflective element 512 of the head up display system is greater than a predetermined threshold value, the false alarm rate (proportion of false alarms) or/and the leak alarm rate of the above method are high and may affect the display effect (for example, a partial area of the displayed image of the head up display system is shielded). This is illustrated in connection with fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of another heads-up display system. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, compared to the head-up display system shown in fig. 1, the head-up display system shown in fig. 2 further includes a sensor 515, and the sensor 515 is disposed at an opening of the head-up display system.

For example, since the sensor 515 is disposed at an opening of the head-up display system, the sensor 515 may block a portion of light output from the image source 511 and reflected by the reflective element 512 to the opening of the package housing 514, and thus may affect a display effect of the head-up display system.

For example, as shown in fig. 2, in the case where the transmission direction of most of the rays of the sunlight 522 is the transmission direction of the ray 523, even if the sunlight 522 is incident into the head-up display system, the rays incident into the head-up display system are not condensed onto the image source 511 by the reflection element 512; however, the intensity of the sunlight 522 sensed by the sensor 515 may be above a predetermined threshold and cause the heads-up display system to issue an alarm.

At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a head-up display device, a head-up display system, and a transportation apparatus. The head-up display device includes an image source, a reflective element, a partially reflective and partially transmissive element, and at least one sensor. The image source is configured to output light to display an image; the reflective element is configured to reflect and condense light displaying an image; the partially reflective and partially transmissive element is disposed in an optical path between an image source and the reflective element; at least one sensor is positioned on a side of the plane of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element away from the image source; the partial reflection partial transmission element is configured to split a light beam which originates from the outside of the head-up display device and is incident on the partial reflection partial transmission element into a first sub-light beam and a second sub-light beam with different transmission directions; and the first sub-beam is configured to be transmittable towards an image source, the second sub-beam is configured to be transmittable towards the at least one sensor.

For example, by providing a partially reflective and partially transmissive element in an optical path between an image source and a reflective element, splitting a light beam, which originates from outside the head-up display device and enters the partially reflective and partially transmissive element, into a first sub-light beam and a second sub-light beam with different transmission directions, and enabling the first sub-light beam to be configured to be transmittable toward the image source and the second sub-light beam to be transmittable toward at least one sensor, the head-up display device provided by at least one embodiment of the disclosure can have an early warning function (e.g., a screen burn-in prevention early warning function) without affecting a display effect, and the accuracy of early warning can be improved (e.g., a false warning rate is reduced).

In the following, a head-up display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is described in a non-limiting manner by several examples and embodiments, and as described below, different features of these specific examples and embodiments may be combined with each other without mutual conflict, so as to obtain new examples and embodiments, which also belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Fig. 3A is a schematic diagram of a head-up display device 100 according to at least one embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in fig. 3A, the head-up display device 100 includes an image source 101, a partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193, a reflective element 130, and at least one sensor 141.

For example, as shown in fig. 3A, the image source 101 is configured to output light IML that displays an image; a partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 is disposed in the light path between the image source 101 to the opening of the heads-up display device 100; the at least one sensor 141 is located on a side of the plane of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 remote from the image source 101. For example, the plane of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 refers to the surface of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 that is proximate to the at least one sensor 141. As another example, the plane of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 refers to a plane passing through the center of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 and parallel to a surface of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 near the at least one sensor 141.

For example, as shown in fig. 3A, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 is configured to split a light beam SUL originating from the outside of the head-up display device 100 and incident to the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 into a first sub-beam SL _1 and a second sub-beam SL _2 having different directions of transmission; the first sub-beam SL _1 is configured to be transmittable towards the image source 101 and the second sub-beam SL _2 is configured to be transmittable towards the at least one sensor 141.

For example, the sensor 141 may collect the light signal incident thereon and output the intensity of the light signal incident thereon. For example, in the case where the intensity of the optical signal is equal to or greater than a predetermined light intensity threshold value, indicating that sunlight has entered the head-up display apparatus 100 at this time, there is a risk that the temperature of the image source 101 is higher than the predetermined temperature threshold value, correspondingly.

For example, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 and the at least one sensor 141 are disposed in the head-up display device 100, the light beam SUL originating from the outside of the head-up display device 100 and incident on the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 is split into the first sub-light beam SL _1 and the second sub-light beam SL _2 with different transmission directions, and the first sub-light beam SL _1 can be transmitted toward the image source 101, and the second sub-light beam SL _2 can be transmitted toward the at least one sensor 141, so that the head-up display device 100 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure can have an early warning function (e.g., a burn-in prevention early warning function) without affecting the display effect. For example, since the sensor 141 is not disposed on the optical path of the light IML of the display image, the sensor 141 may not affect the normal imaging of the head-up display apparatus 100. For example, the sensor 141 does not occlude a partial area of the displayed image output by the image source 101.

For example, the head-up display device 100 has an early warning function by providing the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 in the head-up display device 100, and the intensity of the external light incident on the image source 101 may be monitored while the image source 101 outputs the display image, that is, the intensity of the external light incident on the image source 101 may be monitored in real time, so that when the intensity of the external light incident on the image source 101 exceeds a predetermined light intensity threshold, a protective measure may be taken in time, and thus the robustness of the head-up display device 100 may be improved.

For example, the head-up display apparatus 100 having the warning function is realized by providing the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 in the head-up display apparatus 100, so that the image source 101 and the at least one sensor 141 are located at both sides of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193, in this case, the light-collecting surface of the at least one sensor 141 can be set larger without blocking the light IML of the display image output by the image source 101, and thus the number of the sensors 141 included in the head-up display apparatus 100 can be reduced without increasing the leak alarm.

For example, by disposing the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 in the optical path between the image source 101 and the opening of the head-up display device 100, the light beam SUL originating from the outside of the head-up display device 100 and incident to the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 is split into the first sub-beam SL _1 and the second sub-beam SL _2 having different transmission directions, and the first sub-beam SL _1 may be transmitted toward the image source 101, and the second sub-beam SL _2 may be transmitted toward the at least one sensor 141, so that in a case where the first sub-beam SL _1 is incident on at least a partial region on the image source 101, at least a portion of the second sub-beam SL _2 is incident on the at least one sensor 141.

For example, the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193, the image source 101 and the at least one sensor 141 are collectively configured such that, in case the first sub-beam SL _1 is incident on at least a partial area on the image source 101, at least a portion of the second sub-beam SL _2 is incident on the at least one sensor 141.

For example, by configuring the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193, the image source 101 and the at least one sensor 141 together such that at least a portion of the second sub-beam SL _2 is incident on the at least one sensor 141 in the case that the first sub-beam SL _1 is incident on at least a partial area on the image source 101, the intensity of the electrical signal output by the at least one sensor 141 can be correlated with the intensity of the light incident on at least a partial area of the image source 101, thereby improving the accuracy of the pre-warning (e.g., reducing the false alarm rate).

For example, as shown in fig. 3A, the head-up display device 100 further includes a package case 142 having a second opening 143; the image source 101, partially reflective, partially transmissive element 193, reflective element 130, and at least one sensor 141 are all located in an encapsulating housing 142. For example, by having the image source 101, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193, the reflective element 130, and the at least one sensor 141 all located in the encapsulating housing 142, the adverse effect of stray light on the display effect of the heads-up display apparatus 100 may be reduced, and the mounting arrangement of the heads-up display apparatus 100 on a transportation device, such as a vehicle, may also be facilitated.

For example, as shown in fig. 3A, the reflective element 130 is configured to receive the light IML of the display image and reflect and condense the light IML of the display image to image the light IML of the display image. For example, the reflective element 130 is configured to form a virtual image (e.g., a first virtual image) based on the light IML of the display image, for example, on the light exit side of the head-up display apparatus 100.

For example, as shown in fig. 3A, the reflective element 130 comprises (e.g., only comprises) a curved mirror. For example, the image source 101 is located at or near the focal plane of a curved mirror. For example, the vicinity of the focal plane of the curved mirror means that the ratio of the distance between the image source 101 and the focal plane of the curved mirror to the focal length of the curved mirror is less than a predetermined ratio. For example, the predetermined ratio may be 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, or other predetermined value. For example, the image source 101 is located in the focal plane of the curved mirror to the optical path of the curved mirror. For example, the optical distance between the image source 101 and the curved mirror is less than the focal length of the curved mirror. For example, for the example shown in fig. 3A, the optical distance between the image source 101 and the curved mirror is equal to the optical distance experienced by the main transmission light between the image source 101 and the curved mirror. For example, the curved mirror is a concave mirror; in this case, the surface of the concave mirror adjacent to the image source 101 is a concave curved surface.

For example, in the case where the curved mirror is implemented as a concave mirror (that is, a mirror whose reflection surface is a concave curved surface), if the optical distance between the image source 101 and the concave mirror is smaller than the focal length of the concave mirror, the concave mirror forms an erect enlarged virtual image based on the image output from the image source 101. For example, according to the imaging property of the concave mirror, in the case that the optical distance between the image source 101 and the concave mirror is smaller than the focal length of the concave mirror (that is, the image source 101 is located within one focal length of the concave mirror), the image distance of the concave mirror increases with the increase of the optical distance between the image source 101 and the concave mirror, that is, the larger the optical distance between the image source 101 and the concave mirror is, the larger the distance between the user of the head-up display system 200 including the head-up display apparatus 100 and the image viewed by the user is.

For example, the reflection surface of the curved mirror may be a free-form surface, that is, the reflection surface of the curved mirror does not have a rotational symmetry characteristic, so as to improve the imaging quality of the head-up display device 100.

For example, as shown in fig. 3A, the light IML of the display image output by the image source 101 is incident on the curved mirror through the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193, reflected by the curved mirror to the second opening 143, and exits the package case 142 of the head-up display device 100 from the second opening 143; light originating from the outside of the head-up display device 100 (i.e., outside the package case 142) enters the package case 142 of the head-up display device 100 through the second opening 143, and light (at least part of the light) originating from the outside of the head-up display device 100 and entering the package case 142 of the head-up display device 100 through the second opening 143 is incident on the curved mirror and reflected by the curved mirror onto the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193; the light beam SUL originating from the outside of the head-up display device 100 and incident to the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 is split into the first sub-beam SL _1 and the second sub-beam SL _2 having different directions of transmission; the first sub-beam SL _1 is a beam transmitted through the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193, and the second sub-beam SL _2 is a beam reflected by the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193; the first sub-beam SL _1 is incident on the image source 101, and at least a portion of the second sub-beam SL _2 is incident on the at least one sensor 141.

An implementation of the image source 101 is exemplarily described below.

In some examples, the light IML of the display image output by the image source 101 may be broadband light; for example, the spectrum of light IML output by the image source 101 for displaying an image in the visible band may be a continuous spectrum.

In other examples, the light IML of the display image output by the image source 101 may be a combination of narrowband light. For example, the light IML of the display image output by the image source 101 includes any one or any combination of light of the first wavelength band, light of the second wavelength band, and light of the third wavelength band. For example, the colors of the light of the first wavelength band, the light of the second wavelength band, and the light of the third wavelength band are different from each other. For example, any two bands of the first, second, and third bands are spaced apart from each other.

For example, the light IML of the display image output by the image source 101 is composed of any one or any combination of light of the first wavelength band, light of the second wavelength band, and light of the third wavelength band. For example, the first, second, and third bands are spaced apart from one another. For example, the spectrum of the light IML of the display image is distributed only in a partial band of visible light. For example, a center point of a first wavelength band (e.g., a peak wavelength of light of the first wavelength band) is between 411nm and 480nm, a center point of a second wavelength band (e.g., a peak wavelength of light of the second wavelength band) is between 500nm and 565nm, and a center point of a third wavelength band (e.g., a peak wavelength of light of the third wavelength band) is between 590nm and 690 nm. For example, at least one (e.g., all) of the peak widths (e.g., full width at half maximum, FWHM) of the light of the first wavelength band, the light of the second wavelength band, and the light of the third wavelength band are less than or equal to a predetermined peak width; for example, the predetermined peak width is 50nm, 40nm, 30nm, or other suitable value.

In one example, the image source 101 may include a self-luminous display panel. For example, the image source 101 includes any one or any combination of an organic light emitting diode display panel, an inorganic light emitting diode display panel, a quantum dot light emitting diode display panel, and a plasma display panel.

In another example, the image source 101 may be implemented as a combination of a display panel and a backlight. For example, the image source 101 may include a light source section and an image generating element 120 (not shown in fig. 3A, see fig. 9); the light source part includes at least one light source 111, the at least one light source 111 being configured to emit light; the image generating element 120 is configured to convert the light emitted from the at least one light source 111 into light IML for displaying an image and output the light IML. For clarity, the specific implementation of the light source portion and the image generating element 120 included in the image source 101 and other applicable components will be described in the example of fig. 9, and will not be described herein again.

An implementation of the at least one sensor 141 is exemplarily described below.

For example, the at least one sensor 141 includes any one or any combination of a visible light sensor, an infrared sensor, an ultraviolet sensor. For example, the at least one sensor 141 may be implemented to include an ultraviolet sensor and an infrared sensor. For example, the operating wavelength of the at least one sensor 141 may be determined based on the spectral distribution of light incident on the at least one sensor 141, and for clarity, the operating wavelength of the at least one sensor 141 will be described in detail when describing wavelength selective characteristics that the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 may have, and will not be described in detail herein.

For example, the at least one sensor 141 may be implemented as a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) based sensor, a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) based sensor, or a PIN junction based photosensitive device sensor. For example, the at least one sensor 141 (e.g., each sensor 141) may include a photosensitive detector (e.g., a photodiode, a phototransistor, etc.) and a switching transistor (e.g., a switching transistor). The photodiode may convert an optical signal irradiated thereto into an electrical signal, and the switching transistor may be electrically connected to the photodiode to control whether or not the photodiode is in a state of collecting the optical signal and a time of collecting the optical signal. For example, since the light collecting surfaces of the CMOS-based sensor and the CCD-based sensor can be set to be relatively large, the sum of the areas of the light collecting surfaces of the sensors included in the display device is relatively large under the condition that the number of the sensors included in the display device is fixed, thereby improving the sensing effect; or, under the condition that the sensing effect is the same, the display device comprises fewer sensors, and the implementation is convenient.

Fig. 3B is another schematic diagram of the heads-up display device 100 shown in fig. 3A. For ease of description, fig. 3B also shows a controller 161; as shown in fig. 3B, the head-up display device 100 includes at least one sensor 141 configured to communicate with the controller 161 to provide intensity data of light incident on the at least one sensor 141 sensed by the at least one sensor 141 to the controller 161; the controller 161 is configured to issue an alarm in response to the intensity of the light of the second sub-beam SL _2 incident on the at least one sensor 141 being greater than or equal to a predetermined light intensity threshold.

For example, the controller 161 is configured to receive the intensity data of the light incident on the at least one sensor 141 sensed by the at least one sensor 141, and issue an alarm instruction in response to the intensity data provided by the at least one sensor 141 being greater than or equal to a predetermined light intensity threshold, so that the relevant components of the heads-up display device 100 issue an alarm based on the alarm instruction.

For example, the at least one sensor 141 is in communication wired or wireless connection with the controller 161 to enable communication between the at least one sensor 141 and the controller 161. In one example, the heads-up display device 100 further includes a controller 161. In another example, the controller 161 may multiplex a controller of a transportation device (e.g., a control system of an automobile) driven by a user of the heads-up display apparatus 100 or a controller using an electronic device (e.g., a mobile electronic device of a driver).

For example, the implementation manner of the controller 161 may be set according to the actual application requirement, and the embodiment of the disclosure is not particularly limited thereto. For example, the controller 161 may include a processor such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a PLC (programmable logic controller), etc., and a memory such as various types of storage devices such as a magnetic storage device or a semiconductor storage device, etc., in which executable instructions may be stored, which may implement corresponding functions when executed by the processor.

For example, the controller 161 is further configured to control the image generating element 120 to display warning text, images, etc. in response to the intensity data provided by the at least one sensor 141 being greater than or equal to a predetermined light intensity threshold value to prompt a user (e.g., a driver) to turn off the heads-up display device 100.

For example, a light-shielding signal from the sensor 141 may be fed back to the image source 101, so that the image source 101 displays warning words, images, etc. to prompt the driver to turn off the head-up display device 100. For example, the image source 101 displays warning text, images, and the like based on the warning instruction.

Fig. 4A is a schematic diagram of a partial region of another head-up display device 100 according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The head-up display device 100 shown in fig. 3A is different from the head-up display device 100 shown in fig. 4A in that (for example, only) the image source is disposed at a different position; the later-described improvements to the head-up display device 100 shown in fig. 3A may also be applied to the head-up display device 100 shown in fig. 4A, and the later-described improvements to the head-up display device 100 shown in fig. 4A may also be applied to the head-up display device 100 shown in fig. 3A, and will not be described again.

For example, as shown in fig. 4A, the at least one sensor 141 includes a first sensor 141 a; a primary transmission axis AX _ IML of light IML of a display image output by the image source 101 intersects the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 at a first position P1; a virtual line VL1 that connects the center of the first sensor 141a with the first position P1 overlaps (e.g., completely overlaps) the main transmission axis AX _ IML of the light IML of the display image with respect to a mirror image VL 1' of the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193.

For example, in the case where the mirror 130 includes a curved mirror, the center of the reflection surface of the curved mirror included in the mirror 130 is located on the principal transmission axis AX _ IML of the light IML of the display image. For example, in the case where the mirror 130 includes a curved mirror, the center of the edge of the curved mirror included in the mirror 130 is located on the principal transmission axis AX _ IML of the light IML of the display image. For example, the edge of the curved mirror is a polygon having an even number of sides, and the center of the edge of the curved mirror is the midpoint of a virtual line between the midpoint of the longest side of the polygon and the midpoint of the side opposite to the longest side. For example, the edge of the curved mirror is a polygon having an odd number of sides, and the center of the edge of the curved mirror is the midpoint of a virtual line between the midpoint of the longest side of the polygon and the intersection of two sides opposed to the longest side. For example, the center on the reflecting surface can be determined by using applicable design software when designing the curved mirror, and the specific method can refer to the use method of the related art, which is not described herein again.

For example, as shown in fig. 4A, in the case where the mirror 130 includes a curved mirror, the main transmission axis (or main optical axis) AX _ IML of the light IML of the display image refers to a portion of a virtual connection line (or optical path) between the center 101c of the display area of the image source 101 and the center of the reflection surface of the curved mirror (or the center of the edge of the curved mirror) included in the mirror 130, which is located between the image source 101 and the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193.

For example, by overlapping the center of the first sensor 141a with the virtual line VL1 of the first position P1 with respect to the mirror image VL 1' of the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 with the main transmission axis AX _ IML of the light IML displaying an image, the center of the first sensor 141a may be positioned on the main transmission axis of the second sub-beam SL _2 in the case where the center 101c of the display area of the image source 101 is positioned on the main transmission axis of the first sub-beam SL _1, whereby more light rays of the second sub-beam SL _2 may be made incident on the first sensor 141a, and thus the intensity of the light rays incident on the first sensor 141a and the signal-to-noise ratio of the electric signal output from the first sensor 141a may be increased.

It should be noted that the virtual line VL1 of the center of the first sensor 141a and the first position P1 is not limited to overlap the main transmission axis AX _ IML of the light IML for displaying an image with respect to the mirror image VL1 'of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, and the virtual line VL1 may not overlap the main transmission axis AX _ IML of the light IML for displaying an image with respect to the mirror image VL 1' of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 as long as the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193, the image source 101, and the first sensor 141a are disposed at positions such that at least a portion of the second sub-beam SL _2 is incident on the first sensor 141a when the first sub-beam SL _1 is incident on the image source 101. In some examples, a virtual straight line, in which a main transmission axis of light of a display image output by the image source 101 is located with respect to a mirror image of the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193, intersects the first sensor 141, in which case, in a case where the first sub-beam SL _1 is incident on at least a partial region of the image source 101 (e.g., at least one display pixel of the display region 101a of the image source 101, see fig. 4B), at least a portion of the second sub-beam SL _2 may be incident on the first sensor 141 a.

FIG. 4B shows a schematic diagram of an orthographic projection 141e of the first sensor 141a of the heads-up display device 100 shown in FIG. 4A with respect to the mirror image 141 a' of the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 on the plane of the image source 101; fig. 4C shows another schematic view of an orthographic projection 141e of the first sensor 141a of the heads-up display device 100 shown in fig. 4A with respect to the mirror image 141 a' of the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 on the plane of the image source 101.

For example, as shown in fig. 4B and 4C, the image source 101 includes a display area 101a and a peripheral area 101B at least partially surrounding the display area 101 a; the display region 101a includes a plurality of display pixels (not shown in the figure). For example, a plurality of display pixels are arranged in an array. For example, an orthographic projection 141e of the first sensor 141 on a plane of the image source 101 with respect to a mirror image of the partially reflective, partially transmissive element 193 at least partially overlaps a display area 101a of the image source 101 (e.g., at least one display pixel of the display area 101 a). For example, the plane of the image source 101 may be a plane of the light emitting surface 101f of the image source 101. For another example, the plane of the image source 101 may be a plane passing through the center of the image source 101 and parallel to the light emitting surface 101f of the image source 101.

For example, by making the orthographic projection of the first sensor 141 on the plane of the image source 101 with respect to the mirror image of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 at least partially overlap with the display area 101a of the image source 101, at least part of the second sub-beam SL _2 can be made incident on the first sensor 141a with the first sub-beam SL _1 incident on at least part of the area of the image source 101 (e.g., at least one display pixel of the display area 101 a).

For example, as shown in fig. 4B and 4C, the center of the first sensor 141 (e.g., the center point of the light collecting surface of the first sensor 141) and the center of the display area 101a of the image source 101 are symmetrical with respect to the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193. For example, the center of the orthographic projection of the first sensor 141 on the plane of the image source 101 with respect to the mirror image of the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 overlaps the center (e.g., center point 101c) of the display area 101a of the image source 101.

For example, by overlapping the center of the orthographic projection of the first sensor 141 on the plane of the image source 101 with respect to the mirror image of the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 and the center of the display area 101a of the image source 101, the center of the first sensor 141a can be located on the main transmission axis of the second sub-beam SL _2 in the case that the center 101c of the display area of the image source 101 is located on the main transmission axis of the first sub-beam SL _1, thereby not only enabling the electric signal output by the first sensor 141a to better represent the current intensity of the light incident on the image source 101, but also enabling more light in the second sub-beam SL _2 to be incident on the first sensor 141a, and further enabling the intensity of the light incident on the first sensor 141a and the signal-to-noise ratio of the electric signal output by the first sensor 141a to be increased.

For example, as shown in fig. 4A, the orthographic projection of the first sensor 141a on the plane of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 at least partially overlaps the orthographic projection of the image source 101 on the plane of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193. For example, as shown in fig. 4A, the orthographic projection of the first sensor 141a on the plane of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 is entirely within the orthographic projection of the image source 101 on the plane of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193; in this case, the distance between the center of the first sensor 141a and the first position P1 and the distance between the center 101c of the display area of the image source 101 and the first position P1 are close, thereby enabling the electric signal output by the first sensor 141a to better represent the current intensity of the light incident to the image source 101. Furthermore, by having the orthographic projection of the first sensor 141a on the plane of the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 being entirely within the orthographic projection of the image source 101 on the plane of the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193, the heads-up display device can be made more compact.

For example, in the case where the display area is a regular shape (e.g., a rectangle), the center 101c of the display area is the geometric center of the display area (e.g., the center of the rectangle). For example, when the display area is an irregular polygon (having an even number of sides), the center 101c of the display area is a midpoint of a virtual line connecting a midpoint of the longest side of the polygon and a midpoint of a side opposite to the longest side. For example, when the display area is an irregular polygon (having odd-numbered sides), the center 101c of the display area is a midpoint of a virtual line connecting a midpoint of the longest side of the polygon and an intersection of two sides opposed to the longest side. For example, in the case where the display area is irregularly shaped, the center 101c of the display area corresponds to the center of gravity of a virtual thin flat plate having the same shape as the display area and uniform density. For example, in a case where the orthographic projection of the boundary of the virtual thin flat plate on the display area is made to coincide with the boundary of the display area, the orthographic projection of the center of gravity of the virtual thin flat plate on the display area coincides with the center 101c of the display area.

In some examples, the distance between the center of the first sensor 141a and the first position P1 is equal to the distance between the center 101c of the display area of the image source 101 and the first position P1, in which case the optical path of the first sub-beam SL _1 may be substantially equal to the optical path of the second sub-beam SL _2, so that the electrical signal output by the first sensor 141a may represent the current intensity of the light incident on the image source 101, and thus the accuracy of the alarm may be improved. For example, by making the interval between the center of the first sensor 141a and the first position P1 equal to the interval between the center 101c of the display area of the image source 101 and the first position P1, implementation of the heads-up display device 100 may also be facilitated.

In one example, as shown in fig. 4A, the orthographic projection of the at least one sensor 141 on the plane of the light exit surface 101f of the image source 101 does not overlap with the image source 101, such that the at least one sensor 141 is located outside the transmission path of the light IML of the display image output by the image source 101, but at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In another example, the orthographic projection of the at least one sensor 141 on the light exit face 101f of the image source 101 may at least partially overlap with the image source 101.

Fig. 4D is another schematic diagram of a partial area of the head-up display device 100 shown in fig. 4A. For example, as shown in fig. 4D, an angle between the image source 101 (e.g., the light emitting surface 101f of the image source 101) and the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 (e.g., a first surface of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193, i.e., an incident surface of the light IML displaying the image) is equal to an angle between the first sensor 141a (e.g., a light collecting surface of the first sensor 141 a) and the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 (e.g., a second surface of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193, i.e., an exit surface of the light IML displaying the image), i.e., both angles are θ. For example, θ is between 0-90 degrees. For example, θ may be 20 °, 30 °, 40 °, 45 °, 50 °, 60 °, or other suitable angle. For example, θ may be 45 °; in this case, the light emitting surface 101f of the image source 101 is perpendicular to the light collecting surface of the first sensor 141 a; the main transmission axis AX _ IML of the light IML of the display image is parallel to the light-collecting surface of the first sensor 141 a.

It is noted that in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the angle between the image source 101 and the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 is not limited to be equal to the angle between the first sensor 141a and the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193; in some examples, as shown in fig. 3A and 3B, the image source 101 is not at an angle to the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 equal to the angle of the first sensor 141a to the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193.

The inventors of the present disclosure also noticed in the research that, for the head-up display device 100 shown in fig. 3A and 4A, in the case where the incident angle and the incident position of the light originating from the outside of the package case 142 (for example, the incident angle and the incident position with respect to the plane where the second opening 143 of the package case 142 is located) are changed, the position where the first sub-beam SUL _1 is incident to the image source 101 may be changed, and correspondingly, the position of the second sub-beam SL _2 with respect to the first sensor 141a may be changed; for example, splitting the beam originating from the outside of the package case 142 and incident on the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 with a specific incident angle and incident position to obtain a second sub-beam may not be incident on the first sensor 141 a; in this case, if only the first sensor 141a is provided, there may be a problem of a false alarm. In this regard, the inventors of the present disclosure also noted in their studies that a good early warning effect (e.g., a reduction in the rate of a leak alarm) can be obtained by providing a plurality of sensors 141 (i.e., such that at least one sensor 141 includes a plurality of sensors). This is illustrated below in conjunction with fig. 5A.

Fig. 5A is a schematic diagram of a partial area of another head-up display device 100 according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 5B shows a schematic diagram of

orthographic projections

141e and 141f of the first sensor 141a and the second sensor 141B of the heads-up display device 100 shown in FIG. 5A with respect to mirror images 141a 'and 141B' of the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 on a plane in which the image source 101 is located; fig. 5C shows another schematic view of

orthographic projections

141e and 141f of the first sensor 141a and the second sensor 141b of the heads-up display device 100 shown in fig. 5A on the plane of the image source 101 with respect to the mirror images 141a 'and 141 b' of the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193.

For example, in contrast to the heads-up display device 100 shown in fig. 4A, the at least one sensor 141 of the heads-up display device 100 shown in fig. 5A further includes at least one second sensor 141 b. For example, as shown in fig. 5A, the first sensor 141a and the second sensor 141b do not overlap in a direction perpendicular to the light collecting surface of the first sensor 141 a.

For example, as shown in fig. 5A-5C, an orthographic projection 141f of the at least one second sensor 141b relative to the mirror image 141b of the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 in a plane in which the image source 101 is located may be located at a periphery of the display area 101a of the image source 101 (i.e., an edge of the display area 101 a); in this case, the head-up display apparatus 100 can also acquire the intensity of the external light incident to the periphery of the display region 101a of the image source 101.

It should be noted that the orthographic projection 141f of the at least one second sensor 141b on the plane of the image source 101 relative to the mirror image 141b of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to be located only at the periphery of the display region 101a, and the orthographic projection 141f of the at least one second sensor 141b on the plane of the image source 101 relative to the mirror image 141b of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 may also be located at other suitable positions of the display region 101a according to practical requirements. This is illustrated below in conjunction with fig. 5D.

Fig. 5D illustrates a schematic diagram of

orthographic projections

141e and 141f of the first sensor 141a and the second sensor 141b of the heads-up display device 100 on a plane where the image source 101 is located with respect to mirror images 141a 'and 141 b' of the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the head-up display device 100 includes a plurality of sensors 141 arranged in an array. For example, as shown in fig. 5D, an orthographic projection 141e of a first sensor 141a of the plurality of sensors 141 on a plane in which the image source 101 is located with respect to a mirror image 141 a' of the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 overlaps a center of the image source 101.

For example, as shown in fig. 5A, the head-up display device 100 further includes a substrate 141k, and at least one sensor 141 (e.g., a first sensor 141a and a second sensor 141b) are each disposed on the substrate 141k, whereby the substrate 141k may fix the at least one sensor 141.

For example, in the case where the at least one sensor 141 includes a plurality of sensors 141, it may be determined whether there is a risk that the performance of the display pixels of the image source 101 is affected by external light entering into the heads-up display device 100 based on a predetermined rule and data of light intensity output from each of the plurality of sensors 141.

In one example, the predetermined rule may be: it is determined that there is a risk that the performance of the display pixels of the image source 101 is affected by external light entering into the heads-up display apparatus 100 in response to the data of the light intensity (i.e., the intensity of light incident on the sensors 141) output by the predetermined number of the sensors 141 among the plurality of sensors 141 being equal to or greater than the predetermined light intensity threshold value. For example, the predetermined number may be set according to the actual application requirements. For example, the predetermined number may be half the number of the one or more sensors 141.

Fig. 6A is a schematic diagram of a partial area of another head-up display device provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure; fig. 6B is a schematic diagram of a partial region of another head-up display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

For example, as shown in fig. 6A and 6B, a projection 141e of the first sensor 141a on the image source 101 along the primary transmission axis AX _ IML of light displaying the image with respect to a mirror image 141 a' of the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 at least partially overlaps a display area (e.g., a center of the display area) of the image source 101. For example, in fig. 6A and 6B, the projection direction of the mirror image 141 a' is located on the main transmission axis AX _ IML of light displaying an image.

For example, as shown in fig. 6B, a projection 141f of the second sensor 141B on the image source 101 along the primary transmission axis AX _ IML of light displaying the image with respect to a mirror image 141B' of the partially reflective, partially transmissive element 193 at least partially overlaps a display area of the image source 101. For example, in fig. 6B, the projection direction of the mirror image 141B' is located on the main transmission axis AX _ IML of the light displaying the image.

The inventors of the present disclosure also noticed in the research that, for the head-up display device 100 shown in fig. 3A and 4A, in case that the incident angle and the incident position of the light originating from the outside of the package case 142 are changed, the position where the first sub-beam SUL _1 is incident to the image source 101 may be changed, and correspondingly, the position of the second sub-beam SL _2 with respect to the first sensor 141a may be changed; for example, splitting the beam originating from the outside of the package case 142 and incident on the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 with a specific incident angle and incident position to obtain the second sub-beam may not be incident on the first sensor 141 a; in this case, although a good warning effect (for example, a reduction in the leak alarm rate) may be obtained by making the at least one sensor 141 include a plurality of sensors), this may raise at least one of the weight, cost, and computation amount of the head-up display apparatus 100.

Fig. 7A is a schematic diagram of another head-up display device 100 according to at least one embodiment of the disclosure. For example, in contrast to the heads-up display device 100 shown in fig. 3A and 4A, the heads-up display device 100 shown in fig. 7A further includes a first diffusing element 192; the first diffusing element 192 is located between the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 and the at least one sensor 141 and is configured to diffuse the second sub-beam SL _2 to increase the area of the cross-section of the second sub-beam SL _2 (diffused second sub-beam SL _2) and the area of the plane of the at least one sensor 141 illuminated by the second sub-beam SL _2 (diffused second sub-beam SL _ 2). For example, by arranging the first diffusion element 192, the second sub-beam SL _2 (the diffused second sub-beam SL _2) can irradiate an unirradiated area of the plane of at least one sensor 141 (in the case where the first diffusion element 192 is not arranged), in this case, the number of the sensors 141 arranged in the head-up display apparatus 100 can be reduced, so that a better warning effect can be achieved with a smaller number of sensors 141.

The following is an exemplary description with reference to fig. 7B and 7C. Fig. 7B is a schematic diagram of a first arrangement of a plurality of sensors 141 of the heads up display device 100 including the first diffusing element 192 according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure; fig. 7C is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of sensors 141 of the heads-up display device 100 that does not include the first diffusing element 192 according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

For example, as shown in fig. 7B and 7C, in the case where the head-up display device 100 does not include the first diffusion element 192, the second sub-beam SL _2 (light at a certain time) irradiates the region SUL _ a of the plane 141p where the light collection surface of the sensor 141 is located; in the case where the head-up display device 100 includes the first diffusing element 192, the second sub-beam SL _2 (light at a certain time) irradiates the region SUL _ b of the plane 141p where the condensing surface of the sensor 141 is located; the area of the region SUL _ b is greater than the area of the region SUL _ a; therefore, by providing the first diffusion element 192, the pitch between the adjacent sensors 141 can be increased in the case where a good early warning effect is achieved (for example, in the case where a leak alarm is not increased), whereby the number of the sensors 141 to be provided can be reduced. For example, as shown in fig. 7B, in the case where the head-up display device 100 does not include the first diffusion element 192 and the sensor 141 arrangement shown in fig. 7B is adopted (i.e., the distance between the adjacent sensors 141 is made large), sunlight having certain transmission characteristics (e.g., transmission angles) will be irradiated into the gaps of the adjacent sensors 141, in which case a leak alarm may be caused.

It should be noted that the arrangement of the sensors shown in fig. 7B, fig. 7C and other figures is only an example, and a person skilled in the art may adopt an applicable arrangement on the basis of the arrangement of the sensors shown in the embodiment of the present disclosure, and details are not described here.

For example, as shown in fig. 7A, the first diffusing element 192 may be parallel to the light-collecting surface of the at least one sensor 141. For example, the first diffusion element 192 is located outside the transmission path of the light IML of the display image. For example, the orthographic projection of the first diffusing element 192 on the light exit surface 101f (see fig. 4D) of the image source 101 does not overlap with the image source 101.

A first diffusion member 192 provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is exemplified below with reference to fig. 7D and 7E. Fig. 7D is a schematic diagram of the first diffusing element 192 in the head-up display device 100 diffusing light rays with the same transmission direction according to at least one embodiment of the disclosure; fig. 7E is a schematic diagram of the first diffusing element 192 in the head-up display device 100 diffusing light with multiple transmission directions according to at least one embodiment of the disclosure.

For example, as shown in fig. 7D and 7E, the first diffusion element 192 is configured to diffuse the light ray SUL _1 (i.e., the second sub-light beam SL _2) incident on the first diffusion element 192 to form a light beam SUL _2 having a predetermined cross-sectional shape, which may be, but is not limited to, a line shape, a circle shape, an ellipse shape, a square shape, or a rectangle shape. For example, the cross-sectional shape of the light beam refers to a cross-section obtained by cutting the light ray exiting the first diffusing element 192 using a plane parallel to the first diffusing element 192, that is, the cross-section of the light beam is parallel to the first diffusing element 192. Also for example, the cross-sectional shape of the beam refers to a cross-section taken along a ray exiting the first diffuser element 192 using a plane perpendicular to the centerline or main transmission axis of the beam (i.e., the dashed straight line shown in fig. 7D), i.e., the cross-section of the beam is perpendicular to the centerline of the beam. For example, as shown in fig. 7D, the main transmission axis of light beam SUL _2 after being diffused by first diffusing element 192 is the same as the transmission direction of light beam SUL _1 before being diffused.

For example, the larger the diffusion angle of the first diffusion element 192 (that is, the larger the distribution angle of the diffused light beam), the larger the area of the region of the plane where the light collection surface of the sensor 141 is located, which is irradiated with the light beam diffused by the first diffusion element 192, whereas the smaller the brightness (for example, the intensity per unit area) of the light beam diffused by the first diffusion element 192.

For example, the first diffusion member 192 has a plate-like appearance. For example, the first diffusing element 192 includes at least one of a diffractive optical element and a scattering optical element.

For example, the first diffusing element 192 may be a relatively low cost scattering optical element such as a brightness enhancement film, a diffuser film, or the like. Light beams are scattered when passing through scattering optical elements such as a light homogenizing sheet, and a small amount of diffraction is generated, but the scattering plays a main role, and the light beams form a large light spot after passing through the scattering optical elements.

For example, the first diffusion element 192 may be a Diffractive Optical Element (DOE) that controls the diffusion effect more precisely, such as a Beam Shaper (Beam Shaper). For example, the diffractive optical element has a microstructure designed on the surface, so that the diffraction can diffuse light beams, the light spot is small, and the size and the shape of the light spot can be controlled. After passing through the beam shaping element, the light is spread out and forms a beam having a predetermined cross-sectional shape, including but not limited to a line, circle, oval, square, or rectangle. For example, by controlling the microstructure of the diffractive optical element, the diffusion angle, the cross-sectional shape, and the like of the light can be precisely controlled, and the diffusion effect can be precisely controlled.

It should be noted that, although in the above example, the first sub-beam SL _1 is a beam transmitted through the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 and the second sub-beam SL _2 is a beam reflected by the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 (i.e., the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 is configured to transmit the first sub-beam SL _1 and reflect the second sub-beam SL _2), at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. This is illustrated below in conjunction with fig. 8A.

Fig. 8A is a schematic diagram of another head-up display device 100 according to at least one embodiment of the disclosure. For example, as shown in fig. 8A, the first sub-beam SL _1 is a beam reflected by the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193, and the second sub-beam SL _2 is a beam transmitted through the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193, that is, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 is configured to reflect the first sub-beam SL _1 and transmit the second sub-beam SL _ 2; correspondingly, the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 is further configured to reflect light IML of the display image.

For example, as shown in fig. 8A, the light IML of the display image output by the image source 101 is first reflected by the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 onto the curved mirror, then reflected by the curved mirror to the second opening 143, and leaves the package body 142 of the head-up display device 100 from the second opening 143; light originating from the outside of the head-up display device 100 (i.e., outside the package case 142) enters the package case 142 of the head-up display device 100 through the second opening 143, and light (at least part of the light) originating from the outside of the head-up display device 100 and entering the package case 142 of the head-up display device 100 through the second opening 143 is incident on the curved mirror and reflected by the curved mirror onto the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193; the light beam SUL originating from the outside of the head-up display device 100 and incident to the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 is split into the first sub-beam SL _1 and the second sub-beam SL _2 having different directions of transmission; the first sub-beam SL _1 is a beam reflected by the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193, and the second sub-beam SL _2 is a beam transmitted through the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193.

It should be noted that, although in the above examples, the reflecting element 130 includes only the curved mirror, at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. This is exemplified below in connection with fig. 8B. Fig. 8B is a schematic diagram of another head-up display device 100 according to at least one embodiment of the disclosure. For example, as shown in fig. 8B, the reflecting element 130 is implemented as a combination of a flat mirror and a curved mirror.

For example, as shown in fig. 8B, reflective element 130 includes (e.g., includes only) a first mirror 130a and a second mirror 130B; first mirror 130a is configured to receive light IML of the display image and reflect the light IML of the display image to second mirror 130 b. For example, as shown in fig. 8B, the image source 101 is located between the first mirror 130a and the light source part.

For example, as shown in fig. 8B, the first mirror 130a is a flat mirror and the second mirror 130B is a concave mirror. For example, by making the reflection member 130 include the first mirror 130a and the second mirror 130b, the optical path from the image source 101 to the second mirror 130b may be folded using the first mirror 130a, whereby the size (e.g., volume) of the package case 142 of the head-up display device 100 may be reduced, and the utilization efficiency of the internal space of the package case 142 may be improved. For example, by making the reflection element 130 include the first mirror 130a implemented as a plane mirror and the second mirror 130b implemented as a curved mirror, it is also possible to improve the design flexibility of the head-up display device 100, for example, it is possible to make the head-up display device 100 have a longer imaging distance without increasing the size of the package case 142.

For example, as shown in fig. 8B, the light IML of the display image output by the image source 101 is sequentially incident on the planar mirror and the curved mirror, reflected by the curved mirror to the second opening 143, and exits from the package case 142 of the head-up display device 100 from the second opening 143; light originating from the outside of the head-up display device 100 (i.e., the outside of the package case 142) enters the package case 142 of the head-up display device 100 through the second opening 143, and light (at least part of the light) originating from the outside of the head-up display device 100 and entering the package case 142 of the head-up display device 100 through the second opening 143 is sequentially incident on the curved mirror and the planar mirror and reflected by the planar mirror onto the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193; the light beam SUL originating from the outside of the head-up display device 100 and incident to the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 is split into the first sub-beam SL _1 and the second sub-beam SL _2 having different directions of transmission; the first sub-beam SL _1 is a beam transmitted through the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193, and the second sub-beam SL _2 is a beam reflected by the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193, that is, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 is configured to transmit the first sub-beam SL _1 and reflect the second sub-beam SL _ 2; at least a portion of the first sub-beam SL _1 may be incident on the image source 101, and at least a portion of the second sub-beam SL _2 may be incident on the at least one sensor 141.

Fig. 8C is a schematic diagram of another head-up display device 100 according to at least one embodiment of the disclosure. For example, as shown in fig. 8C, the reflection element 130 is implemented as a combination of a plane mirror and a curved mirror, the first sub-beam SL _1 is a beam reflected by the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193, and the second sub-beam SL _2 is a beam transmitted through the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193, that is, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 is configured to reflect the first sub-beam SL _1 and transmit the second sub-beam SL _ 2; correspondingly, the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 is further configured to reflect light IML of the display image.

For example, as shown in fig. 8C, the light IML of the display image output by the image source 101 is first reflected by the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193, and the light IML of the display image reflected by the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 is sequentially incident on the planar mirror and the curved mirror, and then reflected by the curved mirror to the second opening 143 and exits from the package housing 142 of the head-up display apparatus 100 through the second opening 143; light originating from the outside of the head-up display device 100 (i.e., outside the package case 142) enters the package case 142 of the head-up display device 100 through the second opening 143, and light (at least part of the light) originating from the outside of the head-up display device 100 and entering the package case 142 of the head-up display device 100 through the second opening 143 is sequentially incident on the curved mirror and the planar mirror and reflected by the planar mirror onto the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193; the light beam SUL originating from the outside of the head-up display device 100 and incident to the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 is split into the first sub-beam SL _1 and the second sub-beam SL _2 having different directions of transmission; the first sub-beam SL _1 is a beam reflected by the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193, and the second sub-beam SL _2 is a beam transmitted through the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193. At least a portion of the first sub-beam SL _1 may be incident on the image source 101, and at least a portion of the second sub-beam SL _2 may be incident on the at least one sensor 141.

For example, for the examples shown in fig. 8B and 8C, the optical distance between the image source 101 and the curved mirror is equal to the optical distance between the image source 101 and the planar mirror (e.g., the optical distance experienced by the primary transmission ray between the image source 101 and the planar mirror) plus the optical distance between the planar mirror and the curved mirror (e.g., the optical distance experienced by the primary transmission ray between the planar mirror and the curved mirror).

For example, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 is configured such that the spectrum of the first sub-beam SL _1 and the spectrum of the second sub-beam SL _2 are substantially the same (e.g., identical), and the sum of the intensity of the first sub-beam SL _1 and the intensity of the second sub-beam SL _2 is substantially equal to the intensity of the light beam SUL originating from the outside of the head-up display apparatus 100 and incident to the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193.

For example, the ratio of the intensity of the first sub-beam SL _1 to the sum of the intensities of the first and second sub-beams SL _1 and SL _2 is a first ratio, i.e., the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 is configured such that a first ratio of light rays originating from outside the package housing 142 and incident on the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 are transmitted toward the image source 101. In this case, the predetermined light intensity threshold may be calculated based on the first ratio and a light intensity threshold that affects a performance of a display pixel of the image source 101 (e.g., damages the display pixel).

For example, since the first ratio is greater than zero and smaller than one, by providing the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193, the intensity of light incident on the image source 101 from outside the package housing 142 can be reduced, and thus the warning accuracy and reliability of the head-up display device 100 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure can be improved.

For example, "the spectrum of first sub-light beam SL _1 and the spectrum of second sub-light beam SL _2 are substantially the same" means that the center wavelengths of the spectral peaks corresponding to the spectrum of first sub-light beam SL _1 and the spectrum of second sub-light beam SL _2 are substantially the same and the full widths at half maximum of the spectral peaks corresponding to the two spectra are substantially the same.

In the above example, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 has no wavelength selectivity for a specific wavelength band of light, that is, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 has substantially the same or similar reflectivity or transmissivity for different wavelengths of light, thereby making the spectrum of the first sub-beam SL _1 and the spectrum of the second sub-beam SL _2 substantially the same. For example, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 has no wavelength selectivity in reflectivity or transmittance of light in the near infrared band, visible band, and ultraviolet band.

For example, in one example described above, the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 may have a transmittance of T1 for light rays incident thereon; correspondingly, the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 may have a reflectivity of R1 for light rays incident thereon. For example, T1 may be equal to 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or other suitable value; correspondingly, the reflectivity R1 of the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 for light rays incident thereon may be 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, or other suitable values. For example, for the example of fig. 3A and 8B, the first ratio described above is T1, and for the example of fig. 8A and 8C, the first ratio described above is R1. For example, the sum of T1 and R1 is substantially equal to 1.

The inventors of the present disclosure also noted in their studies that, in the case of employing the above-described partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 having no wavelength selectivity, the first ratio may be set to a small value (for example, 50%) or to a large value (for example, 90%). The inventors of the present disclosure also noticed in the research that, in the case of using the above-mentioned partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 having no wavelength selectivity, if the first ratio is set to a small value (for example, 50%), although it is possible to achieve a desired protection of the image source 101, the intensity of light emitted from the image source 101, the brightness of an image displayed by the heads-up display apparatus 100, and the efficiency of the heads-up display apparatus 100 may be adversely affected; if the first ratio is set to a large value (e.g., 90%), although the adverse effect on the efficiency of the head-up display apparatus 100 may be minimized, the risk of the image source 101 being damaged by light (e.g., sunlight) originating from the outside of the package case 142 may be reduced by issuing an alarm in response to the intensity of light incident on the at least one sensor 141 in the second sub-beam SL _2 being greater than or equal to a predetermined light intensity threshold; however, since the value of the first ratio is large, the intensity of the first sub-beam is large, and the first sub-beam has been condensed near, for example, the image source 101 while the head-up display apparatus 100 issues an alarm; in this case, before the head-up display device 100 is turned off or the light shielding member is used for shielding light, light which may originate from the outside of the package case 142 has an adverse effect on the image source 101, for example, damage to the image source 101.

The inventors of the present disclosure noticed based on the spectral analysis experiments and experimental verification that, by making the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 to have at least one of wavelength selectivity and polarization selectivity, not only may the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 have an adverse effect on the efficiency of the heads-up display device 100 be reduced, but also the protection capability of the image source 101 may be improved.

The inventors of the present disclosure noticed by performing spectral analysis on sunlight that energy of solar radiation is mainly distributed in a visible light band, an infrared band, and an ultraviolet band; the ratio of the energy of the rays in the visible light band to the energy of the sunlight in the sunlight is about 50 percent; the ratio of the energy of the rays in the infrared band to the energy of the sunlight in the sunlight is about 47 percent; the ratio of the energy of the light in the ultraviolet band in the sunlight to the energy of the sunlight is about 7%, that is, the energy of the light in the ultraviolet band in the sunlight is relatively small. Further, the inventors of the present disclosure noticed that the energy of other types of light entering into the package case 142 from the outside of the package case 142 (for example, light emitted from a headlight for a vehicle, etc.) is also mainly distributed in the visible light band, the infrared band, and the ultraviolet band (especially, the visible light band) by performing spectral analysis on the other types of light entering into the package case 142 from the outside of the package case 142. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, the following description is exemplarily made taking the light entering the package case 142 from the outside of the package case 142 as sunlight, but at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

The inventors of the present disclosure, based on the above-described spectral analysis results and in combination with experimental studies, note that it is possible to make the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 a partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 having wavelength selectivity so as to make as little external light as possible reach the image source 101 while reducing adverse effects of the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 on the efficiency of the head-up display device 100 as much as possible.

For example, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 is configured such that the first sub-beam SL _1 includes a portion located in a predetermined wavelength band of the light beam SUL originating from the outside of the head up display apparatus 100 and incident on the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193, and the second sub-beam SL _2 includes a portion located outside the predetermined wavelength band of the light beam SUL originating from the outside of the head up display apparatus 100 and incident on the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193.

In one example, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 is configured such that the first sub-beam SL _1 is a portion located in a predetermined wavelength band of the light beam SUL originating from the outside of the head up display apparatus 100 and incident on the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193, and the second sub-beam SL _2 is a portion located outside the predetermined wavelength band of the light beam SUL originating from the outside of the head up display apparatus 100 and incident on the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193.

In another example, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 is configured such that the ratio of the intensity of a portion in a predetermined wavelength band of the light beam SUL originating from the outside of the heads up display apparatus 100 and incident on the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 included in the first sub-light beam SL _1 to the intensity of a portion in a predetermined wavelength band of the light beam SUL originating from the outside of the heads up display apparatus 100 and incident on the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 is greater than a first predetermined intensity ratio Rt 1; the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 is further configured such that the ratio of the intensity of a portion of the light beam SUL originating from the exterior of the head-up display apparatus 100 and incident on the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193, which portion is outside the predetermined wavelength band, included in the second sub-light beam SL _2 to the intensity of a portion of the light beam SUL originating from the exterior of the head-up display apparatus 100 and incident on the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193, which portion is outside the predetermined wavelength band, is greater than a third predetermined intensity ratio Rt 3. For example, the first predetermined intensity ratio Rt1 is greater than 90%, 95%, 99.5%, or other suitable value. For example, the second predetermined intensity ratio Rt2 is greater than 90%, 95%, 99.5%, or other suitable value.

For example, the partially reflective partially transmissive element is configured such that a part of a light beam originating from outside the head-up display device and incident on the partially reflective partially transmissive element, which part is located in a predetermined wavelength band, is transmitted through the partially reflective partially transmissive element, and a part of a light beam originating from outside the head-up display device and incident on the partially reflective partially transmissive element, which part is located outside the predetermined wavelength band, is reflected.

For another example, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element is further configured such that a part of the light beam, which originates from outside the head-up display device and is incident on the partially reflective and partially transmissive element, which is located in a predetermined wavelength band, is transmitted through the partially reflective and partially transmissive element, and a part of the light beam, which originates from outside the head-up display device and is incident on the partially reflective and partially transmissive element, which is located outside the predetermined wavelength band, is reflected.

The partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 having wavelength selectivity is illustratively described below in connection with several examples.

In the first example, the predetermined wavelength band is a combined wavelength band of the visible light wavelength band and the ultraviolet wavelength band, and correspondingly, the second sub-beam SL _2 includes a portion of the light beam SUL originating from the outside of the head up display apparatus 100 and incident to the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193, which is located outside the visible light wavelength band and the ultraviolet wavelength band (i.e., includes light rays of the light beam SUL located in the infrared wavelength band). For example, in the first example described above, the operating band of the sensor 141 may be an infrared band (i.e., the sensor 141 is implemented as an infrared sensor).

For example, in a first example, as shown in fig. 3A, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 is configured to transmit a portion of the light beam SUL originating from the outside of the head-up display apparatus 100 and incident on the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 and to reflect a portion of the light beam SUL originating from the outside of the head-up display apparatus 100 and incident on the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 and located outside the visible light band and the ultraviolet band (i.e., to reflect light in the infrared band), so that the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 transmits at least a portion of the light in the visible light band and the ultraviolet band to the image source 101 and prevents most of the light in the infrared band from being incident on the image source 101 by reflection, thereby reducing the intensity of light incident on the image source 101 and enhancing the head-up display apparatus provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure The early warning accuracy and reliability of the device 100. For example, visible light emitted by the image source 101 can be almost completely transmitted through the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 without loss; light rays (e.g., most of light rays) in the infrared band among the solar light are reflected by the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 and cannot be incident on the image source 101, and light rays only in the visible and ultraviolet bands among the solar light are transmitted through the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 and are incident on the image source 101, whereby only about 57% of energy among the solar light reaches the image source 101.

For another example, in the first example, as shown in fig. 8A, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 is configured to reflect a portion of the light beam SUL originating from the outside of the heads-up display apparatus 100 and incident on the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193, which is located in the visible light band and the ultraviolet band, and to transmit a portion of the light beam SUL originating from the outside of the heads-up display apparatus 100 and incident on the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193, which is located outside the visible light band and the ultraviolet band (i.e., to reflect light rays located in the infrared band), whereby the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 causes at least a portion of the light rays located in the visible light band and the ultraviolet band to be reflected by the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 onto the image source 101 and causes a majority of the light rays located in the infrared band to be transmitted through the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 and not to be incident on the image source 101, thereby reducing the intensity of light incident on the image source 101 and improving the reliability of the head-up display device 100 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, visible light emitted by the image source 101 can be almost completely reflected by the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 without loss; light rays (e.g., most of light rays) in the infrared band among the solar light are reflected through the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 and cannot be incident to the image source 101, and light rays only in the visible and ultraviolet bands among the solar light are reflected by the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 and are incident on the image source 101, whereby only about 57% of energy among the solar light reaches the image source 101.

In the second example, the predetermined wavelength band is a visible light wavelength band, and correspondingly, the second sub-beam SL _2 includes a portion of the light beam SUL originating from the outside of the head-up display apparatus 100 and incident to the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193, which is located outside the visible light wavelength band (i.e., includes rays of the light beam SUL located in an infrared wavelength band and an ultraviolet wavelength band). For example, in the first example described above, the operating band of the sensor 141 may include at least one of an infrared band and an ultraviolet band; correspondingly, the sensor 141 may include at least one of an infrared sensor and an ultraviolet sensor; for example, the sensor 141 may be implemented as a hybrid sensor of an infrared sensor and an ultraviolet sensor, whereby the flexibility in disposing the sensor 141 may be improved.

For example, in the second example, as shown in fig. 3A, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 is configured to transmit a portion of the light beam SUL originating from the outside of the heads-up display apparatus 100 and incident on the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193, which portion is located outside the visible light band (i.e., to reflect light in the infrared band and the ultraviolet band), and to reflect a portion of the light beam SUL originating from the outside of the heads-up display apparatus 100 and incident on the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193, which portion is located outside the visible light band (i.e., to reflect light in the infrared band and the ultraviolet band), whereby the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 makes at least a portion of the light in the visible light band incident on the image source 101 through the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 and makes a majority of the light in the infrared band and the ultraviolet band not incident on the image source 101 by reflection, and thus the intensity of the light incident on the image source 101 can be reduced, and to improve the reliability of the head-up display device 100 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, visible light emitted by the image source 101 can be almost completely transmitted through the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 without loss; light in the infrared and ultraviolet bands (e.g., most of the light) of the solar light is reflected by the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 and is not incident on the image source 101, and light in the visible band of the solar light is transmitted through the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 and is incident on the image source 101, whereby only about 50% of the energy of the solar light reaches the image source 101.

For another example, in the second example, as shown in fig. 8A, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 is configured to reflect a portion of the light beam SUL that originates from the outside of the head-up display apparatus 100 and is incident on the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 and to transmit a portion of the light beam SUL that originates from the outside of the head-up display apparatus 100 and is incident on the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 and is located outside the visible light band (i.e., to reflect light in the infrared band and the ultraviolet band), so that the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 causes at least a portion of the light in the visible light band to be reflected by the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 onto the image source 101 and causes most of the light in the infrared band and the ultraviolet band to be transmitted by the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 and not to be incident on the image source 101, thereby reducing the intensity of the light incident on the image source 101 and improving at least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides The early warning accuracy and reliability of the heads-up display device 100. For example, visible light emitted by the image source 101 can be almost completely reflected by the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 without loss; light (e.g., most of light) in the infrared and ultraviolet bands of the solar light is transmitted through the partial reflection partial transmission element 193 and cannot be incident to the image source 101, and light only in the visible band of the solar light is reflected by the partial reflection partial transmission element 193 and is incident on the image source 101, whereby only about 50% of energy of the solar light reaches the image source 101.

The inventors of the present disclosure noted through spectral analysis that the wavelength of light emitted from the image source 101 (light located in the visible light band) is located in a plurality of (e.g., three) bands spaced from each other (e.g., a first band, a second band, and a third band spaced from each other) of the visible light band; in combination with the above-described spectral analysis results and experimental studies, the inventors of the present disclosure have also noted that, for some of the image sources 101 described above, the intensity of light incident on the image source 101 from outside the package case 142 may be further reduced by making the first sub-beam SUL _1 include (e.g., include only) light in the first, second, and third wavelength bands from among the light beam SUL originating from outside the head-up display apparatus 100 and incident on the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193, and making the second sub-beam SL _2 include (e.g., include only) light in the first, second, and third wavelength bands from among the light beam SUL originating from outside the head-up display apparatus 100 and incident on the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193.

In a third example, the light IML of the display image output by the image source 101 includes (e.g., includes only) any one or any combination of light of the first, second, and third wavelength bands; the predetermined wavelength band is a combination of a first wavelength band, a second wavelength band and a third wavelength band; in this case, the operating wavelength of the sensor 141 may be any combination of the infrared band, the ultraviolet band, and the visible band, which are bands other than the first band, the second band, and the third band, so that the flexibility of installing the sensor 141 may be further improved.

For example, in the third example described above, as shown in fig. 3A, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 is configured to transmit at least part of the light rays in the first, second, and third wavelength bands in the light beam SUL originating from the outside of the head-up display apparatus 100 and incident on the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193, and to reflect the part of the light beam SUL originating from the outside of the head-up display apparatus 100 and incident on the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 that is located outside the first, second, and third wavelength bands (that is, to reflect the light rays in the infrared, ultraviolet, and visible wavelength bands that are located outside the first, second, and third wavelength bands), whereby the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 causes the at least part of the light rays in the first, second, and third wavelength bands to be incident on the image source 101 through the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193, most of the light rays of the wavelength bands, which are located outside the first wavelength band, the second wavelength band and the third wavelength band, located in the infrared wavelength band, the ultraviolet wavelength band and the visible light wavelength band cannot be incident on the image source 101 through reflection, so that the intensity of the light rays incident on the image source 101 can be reduced, and the reliability of the head-up display device 100 provided by at least one embodiment of the disclosure can be improved. For example, visible light emitted by the image source 101 can be almost completely transmitted through the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 without loss; light rays (e.g., most of light rays) of the solar light in the wavelength bands other than the first, second, and third wavelength bands, which are in the infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light wavelength bands, are reflected by the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 and cannot be incident to the image source 101, and only light rays of the solar light in the first, second, and third wavelength bands are transmitted through the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 and are incident on the image source 101, whereby the intensity of light rays incident on the image generating element 120 can be further reduced.

For example, in the third example described above, as shown in fig. 8A, the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 is configured to reflect at least part of the light rays in the first, second, and third wavelength bands in the light beam SUL originating from the outside of the heads-up display apparatus 100 and incident on the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193, and to transmit the part of the light beam SUL originating from the outside of the heads-up display apparatus 100 and incident on the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 which is located outside the first, second, and third wavelength bands (that is, to transmit the light rays in the infrared, ultraviolet, and visible wavelength bands which are located outside the first, second, and third wavelength bands), whereby the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 causes at least part of the light rays in the first, second, and third wavelength bands described above to be reflected by the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 to be incident on the image source 101, most of the light rays of the bands, which are located outside the first band, the second band and the third band, of the infrared band, the ultraviolet band and the visible light band are transmitted to the image source 101, so that the light rays cannot be incident on the image source 101, the intensity of the light rays incident on the image source 101 can be reduced, and the reliability of the head-up display device 100 provided by at least one embodiment of the disclosure can be improved. For example, visible light emitted by the image source 101 can be almost completely reflected by the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 without loss; light rays (e.g., most of light rays) of the solar light in the wavelength bands other than the first, second, and third wavelength bands, which are in the infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light wavelength bands, are transmitted through the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 and cannot be incident to the image source 101, and only light rays in the first, second, and third wavelength bands of the solar light are reflected by the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 and are incident on the image source 101, whereby the intensity of light rays incident on the image generating element 120 can be further reduced.

For example, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 includes a selective transflective film stacked with an inorganic oxide thin film or a polymer thin film, and the transflective film is stacked with at least two film layers having different refractive indexes. The term "different refractive index" as used herein means that the refractive index of the film layer is different in at least one of the three directions xyz; the film layers with different refractive indexes are selected in advance, the film layers are stacked according to a preset sequence, a transflective film with selective reflection and selective transmission characteristics can be formed, and the transflective film can selectively reflect light with one characteristic and transmit light with the other characteristic. Specifically, for the film layer of the inorganic oxide material, the composition of the film layer is selected from one or more of tantalum pentoxide, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon dioxide, magnesium fluoride, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride and aluminum fluoride. For the film layer of the organic high molecular material, the film layer of the organic high molecular material comprises at least two thermoplastic organic polymer film layers; the two thermoplastic polymer film layers are alternately arranged to form the optical film, and the refractive indexes of the two thermoplastic polymer film layers are different. The molecules of the organic polymer material are in a chain structure, and the molecules are arranged in a certain direction after being stretched, so that the refractive indexes in different directions are different, namely, the required film can be formed through a specific stretching process. The thermoplastic polymer may be, without limitation, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and its derivatives with different degrees of polymerization, PEN (polyethylene naphthalate) and its derivatives with different degrees of polymerization, PBT (polybutylene terephthalate) and its derivatives with different degrees of polymerization, or the like.

The inventors of the present disclosure have noted in their studies that some of the light IMLs of the display image output by the image source 101 are light rays having a predetermined polarization state, for example, the light IMLs of the display image output by the liquid crystal display panel have a linear polarization characteristic, and in this regard, the inventors of the present disclosure have noted in their studies that the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 may be further configured such that the polarization state of the first sub-beam is the predetermined polarization state, that is, such that light rays originating from the outside of the package case 142 and incident on the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193, which are out of the predetermined polarization state (for example, the polarization state of the light IML of the display image output by the image source 101), cannot be incident on the image source 101, and thus the intensity of light rays incident on the image source 101 may be further reduced without affecting the brightness of the display image of the head-up display apparatus; in this case, the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure may be implemented as the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 having polarization selectivity and wavelength selectivity.

For example, the predetermined polarization state is the same as the polarization state of the light IML of the display image output by the image source 101. For example, the polarization state and the predetermined polarization state of the light IML of the display image output by the image source 101 are the first linear polarization state, the light beyond the predetermined polarization state is the light with the second polarization state, and the polarization direction of the first linear polarization state is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the second linear polarization state. For another example, the predetermined polarization state may also be circular polarization or elliptical polarization, which is not described in detail. For example, the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 having polarization selectivity and wavelength selectivity may include a stacked structure of a polarizer (e.g., a linear polarizer) and a multi-layered dielectric film.

For example, as shown in fig. 3A and 8B, the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 may transmit at least part (e.g., all) of the light having the first linear polarization state (e.g., the horizontal polarization state) in the first, second, and third wavelength bands among the light originating from the outside of the package case 142 and incident on the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193, and reflect the light outside the first, second, and third wavelength bands (i.e., the light of the wavelength bands outside the first, second, and third wavelength bands in the infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light bands) among the light originating from the outside of the package case 142 and incident on the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 and at least part of the light having the second linear polarization state in the first, second, and third wavelength bands among the light originating from the outside of the package case 142 and incident on the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193, whereby the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 makes at least part of the light having the first linear polarization state (e.g., horizontal polarization state) in the first, second, and third wavelength bands incident on the image source 101 through the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 and reflects the light having the second linear polarization state in the infrared, ultraviolet, and visible wavelength bands other than the first, second, and third wavelength bands and the light having the second linear polarization state in the first, second, and third wavelength bands, so that most of the light having the infrared, ultraviolet, and visible wavelength bands other than the first, second, and third wavelength bands and the light having the second linear polarization state in the first, second, and third wavelength bands cannot be incident on the image source 101, whereby the intensity of the light incident on the image source 101 can be further reduced, and further, the reliability of the head-up display device 100 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure can be improved.

For example, as shown in fig. 3A and 8B, visible light emitted by the image source 101 can be almost completely transmitted through the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 without loss; most of the light rays of the sunlight in the infrared band, the ultraviolet band, and the visible band, which are located in the bands other than the first band, the second band, and the third band, and most of the light rays of the sunlight in the first band, the second band, and the third band, which are located in the second linear polarization state, are reflected by the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 and cannot be incident to the image source 101, and only the light rays of the sunlight in the first band, the second band, and the third band, which are located in the first linear polarization state, are transmitted through the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 and are incident to the image source 101, so that the intensity of the light rays incident to the image source 101 can be further reduced.

For another example, as shown in fig. 8A and 8C, the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 may reflect at least part of the light having the first linear polarization state (e.g., a horizontal polarization state) in the first, second, and third wavelength bands among the light originating from the outside of the package case 142 and incident on the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193, and transmit the light outside the first, second, and third wavelength bands among the light originating from the outside of the package case 142 and incident on the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 (i.e., transmit the light of the wavelength bands outside the first, second, and third wavelength bands among the infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light wavelength bands) and at least part of the light having the second linear polarization state in the first, second, and third wavelength bands among the light originating from the outside of the package case 142 and incident on the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193, whereby the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 causes at least a part of the light having the first linear polarization state (e.g., horizontal polarization state) in the first, second, and third wavelength bands to be reflected by the partially reflective and partially transmissive element 193 to be incident on the image source 101 and transmits the light having the second linear polarization state in the infrared, ultraviolet, and visible wavelength bands other than the first, second, and third wavelength bands and the light having the second linear polarization state in the first, second, and third wavelength bands to prevent most of the light having the infrared, ultraviolet, and visible wavelength bands other than the first, second, and third wavelength bands and the light having the second linear polarization state in the first, second, and third wavelength bands from being incident on the image source 101, therefore, the intensity of the light incident on the image source 101 can be further reduced, and the reliability of the head-up display device 100 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure can be further improved.

For example, as shown in fig. 8A and 8C, visible light emitted by the image source 101 can be almost completely reflected by the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 without loss; most of the light rays of the sunlight in the infrared band, the ultraviolet band, and the visible band, which are located in the bands other than the first band, the second band, and the third band, and most of the light rays of the sunlight in the first band, the second band, and the third band, which are located in the second linear polarization state, are reflected by the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 and cannot be incident to the image source 101, and only the light rays of the sunlight in the first band, the second band, and the third band, which are located in the first linear polarization state, are transmitted through the partially reflective partially transmissive element 193 and are incident to the image source 101, so that the intensity of the light rays incident to the image source 101 can be further reduced.

As previously described, in some examples, the image source 101 may be implemented as a combination of a display panel and a backlight. An image source 101 implemented as a combination of a display panel and a backlight is exemplarily described below in connection with fig. 9-13.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an image source 101 included in a head-up display device provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, as shown in fig. 9, the image source 101 may include a light source section and an image generating element 120; the light source part includes at least one light source 111, the at least one light source 111 being configured to emit light; the image generating element 120 is configured to convert the light emitted from the at least one light source 111 into light IML for displaying an image and output the light IML.

For example, the at least one light source 111 includes a plurality of light sources 111 (e.g., light emitting sources, light emitting elements). For example, a plurality of light source arrays are arranged. For example, each light source 111 includes a single light emitting element (e.g., an inorganic or organic light emitting diode). For example, each light source 111 of the at least one light source 111 is configured to emit polychromatic light (e.g., white light). For example, the at least one light source 111 may generate white light based on blue/uv light exciting a phosphor. For example, the at least one light source 111 includes a plurality of light sources 111, each light source 111 of the plurality is configured to emit monochromatic light (e.g., red, green, or blue light), and a mixed light of the light emitted by the plurality of light sources 111 is white light.

For example, the at least one light source 111 includes, but is not limited to, an electroluminescent element, i.e., an element that emits light upon excitation by an electric field. For example, the at least one light source 111 may comprise any one or any combination of the following light sources: light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs), Mini LEDs (Mini LEDs), Micro LEDs (Micro LEDs), Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps (CCFL), Cold LED Light Sources (CLLs), Electroluminescent (EL) Light sources, Light sources for electron Emission or Field Emission Displays (FED), Quantum Dot Light Sources (QDs), and the like.

For example, as shown in fig. 9, the light source section of the head-up display device 100 further includes a light emission driving substrate 112 (e.g., a light source substrate). At least one light source 111 is located on a side of the light emission driving substrate 112 close to the image generating element 120; the light emission driving substrate 112 is electrically connected with the at least one light source 111, and is configured to drive the at least one light source 111 to emit light. For example, at least one light source 111 is fixedly connected to the light emission driving substrate 112.

For example, the light source substrate is used for arranging the light emitting sources, and one or more light emitting sources are fixed on the light source substrate in an electrically connected or non-electrically connected manner, so that the light emitting source part can be conveniently and integrally detached and mounted. If one or more of the light-emitting light sources are electrically connected to the light source substrate, electric power can be transmitted to the light-emitting light sources through the light source substrate, and thus the light-emitting light sources can be turned on. For example, the light source substrate may be made of a part of special materials, such as a metal light source substrate, which may also have a good heat dissipation effect.

For example, as shown in fig. 9, the image generating element 120 includes a first surface 120a and a second surface 120b opposite to the first surface 120 a; light emitted by the at least one light source 111 is incident into the image generating element 120 from the first side 120a, and light IML of the display image exits the image generating element 120 from the second side.

For example, the image generating element 120 includes a plurality of image generating pixels (e.g., image generating pixels arranged in an array), and the plurality of image generating pixels are configured to independently adjust the transmittance of light rays respectively incident on the plurality of image generating pixels. For example, each of the plurality of image generating pixels may be a light valve (e.g., a liquid crystal light valve).

For example, the image generating element 120 may include a liquid crystal display panel (a liquid crystal display panel that does not include a backlight) as shown in fig. 10.

As shown in fig. 10, the liquid crystal display panel includes a liquid crystal cell CL including a first substrate SBS1 (e.g., an array substrate) and a second substrate SBS2 (e.g., a color film substrate). The first substrate SBS1 and the second substrate SBS2 are disposed opposite to each other with a liquid crystal layer LCL interposed therebetween. The liquid crystal layer LCL is sealed in the liquid crystal cell CL by the sealant SLT.

As shown in fig. 10, the liquid crystal display panel further includes a first polarizing plate POL1 and a second polarizing plate POL2 respectively disposed at both sides of the liquid crystal cell CL, the first polarizing plate POL1 being located at a side of the liquid crystal cell CL closer to the light source unit, and the second polarizing plate being located at a side of the liquid crystal cell CL farther from the light source unit.

As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the light source section is configured to supply a backlight BL to the liquid crystal cell CL, and the backlight BL is converted into light IML for displaying an image after passing through the liquid crystal display panel.

For example, the transmission axis direction of the first polarizer and the transmission axis direction of the second polarizer are perpendicular to each other, but not limited thereto. For example, the first polarizer may pass a first linearly polarized light, and the second polarizer may pass a second linearly polarized light, but is not limited thereto. For example, the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the second linearly polarized light.

For example, in the case where the image generating element 120 includes a liquid crystal display panel, the image generating pixel of the image generating element 120 includes a pixel unit of the liquid crystal display panel.

In some examples, the image source 101 further includes any one or any combination of the reflective light directing element 150, the direction control element 160 (e.g., a lens), and the second diffusing element 194. For convenience of description, the image source 101 is exemplified below by taking as an example that the image source 101 shown in fig. 9 further includes the reflective light guide element 150, the direction control element 160, and the second diffusing element 194.

For example, the reflective light guide element 150 can improve the utilization rate of the light emitted from the at least one light source 111; the second diffusion element 194 may improve the display quality of the head-up display device 100.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a partial region of another head-up display device 100 according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, as shown in fig. 9, the image source 101 includes a light source section 111, a reflective light guide element 150, a direction control element 160, a second diffusing element 194, and an image generating element 120; the light source section 111 includes at least one light source 111, the at least one light source 111 being configured to emit light; the reflective light guide element 150 is configured to reduce, by reflection, a divergence angle of light emitted by the at least one light source 111 incident on the light-reflecting surface of the reflective light guide element 150; the direction control element 160 is configured to receive the light output by the reflective light guide element 150 and converge the light output by the reflective light guide element 150 onto the second diffusing element 194; the second diffusion element 194 is configured to diffuse the light rays converged by the direction control element 160 and incident on the second diffusion element 194; the image generating element is configured to convert the light output from the second diffusing element 194 and originating from the at least one light source 111 into light IML for displaying an image and output the light IML.

For example, as shown in fig. 9, the light emitted by the at least one light source 111 is sequentially incident on (passes through) the reflective light guide element 150, the direction control element 160, and the second diffusion element 194; the direction control element 160 is configured to converge the light rays passing through the reflective light guide element 150 and incident on the direction control element 160; the second diffusion element 194 is configured to diffuse the light rays converged by the direction control element 160 and incident on the second diffusion element 194.

For example, as shown in fig. 9, the reflective light guide element 150 is disposed in the light emitting direction of the light source 111, and the light emitted from the light source 111 propagates in the reflective light guide element 150 and is emitted to the direction control element 160. The inner surface of the reflective light guide element 150 is provided with a reflective surface, and large-angle light rays (an included angle relative to the central line of the reflective light guide element 150) emitted by the light source 111 are gathered after being reflected by the reflective surface, so that the utilization rate of the light rays emitted by the light source 111 is improved.

For example, as shown in fig. 9, the direction control element 160 is configured to perform direction control on the light emitted by the at least one light source 111 and emitted by the reflective light guide element 150, so as to converge the light emitted by the at least one light source 111 to a predetermined range, thereby further converging the light and improving the light utilization rate. The direction control element 160 may be embodied as a lens or a combination of lenses, such as a convex lens, a fresnel lens or a combination of lenses, etc. It should be noted that fig. 9 schematically illustrates an example in which the direction control element 160 is implemented as a convex lens. It is understood that the predetermined range may be a point, such as the focal point of a convex lens, or a smaller area, and the direction control element 160 is disposed to further gather the high-angle light emitted from the light source 111, so as to improve the light utilization rate.

For example, as shown in fig. 9, the second diffusing element 194 may also diffuse at least one of the emitted light rays into a light beam having a distribution angle, the smaller the diffusion angle, the higher the brightness of the light beam, and vice versa. The second diffusing element 194 is further configured to diffuse the light collected by the reflecting light guide element 150 and the direction control element 160 from the at least one light source 111 at a certain angle, so as to increase the degree of light diffusion and make the light be uniformly distributed in a certain area. For example, the second diffusing element 194 is a diffractive optical element, such as a beam shaper (beam shaper), which diffuses light rays passing through the beam shaper and forms a light beam having a specific cross-sectional shape, including but not limited to a line, a circle, an ellipse, a square, or a rectangle. For example, by controlling the microstructure of the diffractive optical element, the diffusion angle, the cross-sectional shape, and the like of light can be precisely controlled, and precise control of the diffusion effect can be achieved. For example, the specific arrangement of the second diffusion element 194 can be referred to the description of the first diffusion element 192, and will not be described herein.

It should be noted that the light guiding element 150 may reduce the distribution range of the light beam emitted by the at least one light source 111 (for example, reduce the cross-sectional area of the light beam emitted by the at least one light source 111) by gathering the light emitted by the at least one light source 111; the direction control element 160 may reduce the distribution range of the light beam emitted from the at least one light source 111 (e.g., reduce the cross-sectional area of the light beam emitted from the at least one light source 111) by converging the light beam emitted from the at least one light source 111; the second diffusing element 194 can distribute the light beam emitted from the at least one light source 111 more uniformly over the cross-section of the light beam after the size reduction by diffusing the light beam incident thereon.

For example, as shown in fig. 9, the reflective light guide element 150 is a hollow housing; the hollow case has a third opening b0 and a fourth opening b1 opposite to each other.

Fig. 11 is a first perspective view of a reflective light guide element 150 and a light source 111 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure; fig. 12 is a top view of the reflective light guide element 150 and the light source 111 shown in fig. 11. For example, as shown in fig. 11 and 12, the reflective light guide element 150 may be a hollow case having a rectangular cross section and a quadrangular pyramid shape, and the cross section of the reflective light guide element 150 is gradually increased from one end (the third opening b0) to the other end (the fourth opening b 1).

It should be noted that the reflective light guide element 150 provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to be implemented as a hollow housing with a rectangular cross section and the reflective light guide element 150 may be implemented as a triangular pyramid shape, a quadrangular pyramid shape or a paraboloid shape according to practical requirements.

For example, as shown in fig. 11 and 12, the light emission driving substrate 112 is disposed at the third opening b0, and the at least one light source 111 is disposed in the hollow case. It should be noted that the at least one light source 111 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to be disposed in a hollow housing, and according to practical application requirements, the at least one light source 111 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure may also be disposed on a side of the reflective light guide element 150 away from the image generation element 120, in which case, the reflective light guide element 150 is disposed between the at least one light source 111 and the image generation element 120.

For example, as shown in fig. 11 and 12, the head-up display device 100 includes only one light source 111; for example, the center of the light source 111 overlaps the center of the third opening b 0.

Fig. 13 is a first schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of the reflective light guide element 150 and the light source 111 shown in fig. 11 on the plane of the first surface of the light emission driving substrate 112 (or the plane of the first surface of the image generating element 120). For example, as shown in fig. 13, the first plane includes a first region REG _1 and a second region REG _ 2.

For example, as shown in fig. 13, an orthographic projection of the boundary of the third opening b0 on the plane on which the first face of the light emission driving substrate 112 is located (or the plane on which the first face of the image generating element 120 is located) surrounds the first region REG _1 of the first face; an orthographic projection of the at least one light source 111 on a plane on which the first face of the light emission driving substrate 112 is located (or a plane on which the first face of the image generating element 120 is located) is located in the first region REG _ 1.

For example, as shown in fig. 13, an orthographic projection of the boundary of the fourth opening b1 on the plane on which the first face of the light emission driving substrate 112 is located (or the plane on which the first face of the image generating element 120 is located) surrounds the second region REG _2 of the first face; the second region REG _2 and the first region REG _1 at least partially overlap. For example, the second region REG _2 completely surrounds the first region REG _ 1.

For example, as shown in fig. 13, an orthographic projection of the boundary of the third opening b0 on the plane on which the first face of the light emission driving substrate 112 is located (or the plane on which the first face of the image generating element 120 is located) overlaps (e.g., completely overlaps) the boundary of the first region REG _1 of the first face. For example, as shown in fig. 13, an orthographic projection of the boundary of the fourth opening b1 on the plane on which the first face of the light emission driving substrate 112 is located (or the plane on which the first face of the image generating element 120 is located) overlaps (e.g., completely overlaps) the boundary of the second region REG _2 of the first face.

For example, the shape of the first region REG _1 and the shape of the second region REG _2 are both rectangular, but at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the shape of the first region REG _1 and the shape of the second region REG _2 may also each be selected from a square, a trapezoid, or a parallelogram. For another example, when the side surface of the reflective light guide element 150 is a parabolic surface, the shape of the first region REG _1 and the shape of the second region REG _2 are both circular. It should be noted that the shape of the first region REG _1 and the shape of the second region REG _2 may be the same or different.

For example, as shown in fig. 13, an orthographic projection of the at least one light source 111 on a plane on which the first surface of the light-emitting drive substrate 112 (or a plane on which the first surface of the image generating element 120) is located at the first region REG _ 1. For example, the light rays with a large angle (i.e., the included angle with respect to the main transmission axis of the light rays emitted by the at least one light source 111 is large) emitted by the at least one light source 111 are reflected by the reflective light guide element 150 and then gathered, so that the utilization rate of the light rays emitted by the at least one light source 111 can be improved.

Fig. 14 is a second perspective view of the reflective light guide element 150 and the light source 111 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 14, the at least one light source 111 includes a plurality of light sources 111, and the plurality of light sources 111 are arranged in a light source array.

It should be noted that the reflective surface of the reflective light guide element 150 provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to be disposed on the inner surface of the hollow shell shown in fig. 9 or implemented as the inner surface of the reflective light guide element 150, and in some examples, the reflective surface of the reflective light guide element 150 may also be an interface between the outer surface of the reflective light guide element 150 and a medium (e.g., air) located around the outer surface of the reflective light guide element 150. The following description is made by way of example with reference to fig. 15A, 15B, and 16 to 17.

Fig. 15A is a schematic view (e.g., a cross-sectional schematic view) of another reflective light directing element 150 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure; fig. 15B is a schematic view of yet another reflective light directing element 150 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure; fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a reflective light guide element 150, a collimating part 152 and a supporting part 156 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure; fig. 17 is another schematic diagram of the reflective light guide element 150, the collimating part 152 and the supporting part 156 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

For example, as shown in fig. 15A-17, the reflective light guide element 150 can also be made of a transparent material. For example, the refractive index of the transparent material is greater than 1, so that at least a part (e.g., a first part) of the light emitted by the at least one light source 111 may be totally reflected when being incident on an interface between the outer surface 151 of the reflective light guide element 150 and a medium (e.g., air) located around the outer surface 151 of the reflective light guide element 150, thereby causing the high-angle light emitted by the at least one light source 111 to converge (e.g., the divergence angle is reduced) after being reflected by the interface between the outer surface 151 of the reflective light guide element 150 and the medium (e.g., air) located around the outer surface 151 of the reflective light guide element 150, and further improving the utilization rate of the light emitted by the light source 111.

In some examples, as shown in fig. 15A, the reflective light guiding element 150 may include a first end c0 and a second end c1, the at least one light source 111 being at a side of the first end c0 of the reflective light guiding element 150 away from the second end c 1; in this case, the reflective light guide element 150 is a solid (e.g., the interior of the reflective light guide element 150 has no cavity) and transparent element. For example, as shown in fig. 15A, the light incident surface of the light guide element 150 is located at the first end c0, and the light emitting surface 154 of the light guide element 150 is located at the second end c 1.

In other examples, as shown in fig. 15B, the reflective light guide element 150 may be a transparent element but having a first cavity 153; in this case, as shown in fig. 16 and 17, the image source 101 further includes a collimating part 152 and a supporting part 156 disposed in the first cavity 153 of the reflective light guide element 150. For example, as shown in fig. 16 and 17, the collimating part 152 is configured to collimate a portion (e.g., a second portion, a light ray of a small angle) of the light ray emitted by the at least one light source 111, thereby further improving the utilization rate of the light ray emitted by the at least one light source 111. For example, as shown in fig. 16 and 17, the support portion 156 is configured to fix the collimating portion 152 to the reflective light guiding element 150.

For example, the reflective light guide element 150, the collimating part 152 and the supporting part 156 may be integrally molded, that is, the reflective light guide element 150, the collimating part 152 and the supporting part 156 are an integrated structure. For example, the reflective light guide element 150, the collimating part 152, and the supporting part 156 may be formed of the same material, and there is no interface between any two of the reflective light guide element 150, the collimating part 152, and the supporting part 156.

It should be noted that fig. 15B is used to more clearly illustrate the functions of the structures shown in fig. 16 and 17, but the structures shown in fig. 16 and 17 are not limited to being manufactured by separately manufacturing the reflective light guide element 150, the collimating part 152 and the supporting part 156, and then combining them. For example, the structures shown in fig. 16 and 17 may be fabricated by directly machining the solid and transparent elements shown in fig. 15A using a suitable process (e.g., an injection molding process).

For example, as shown in fig. 16 and 17, the collimating part 152 includes a convex curved surface and a flat surface. For example, as shown in fig. 16 and 17, the light source section further includes a light emission driving substrate 112.

For example, as shown in fig. 16, the alignment part 152 may be located on a side of the supporting part 156 near the second end c1, and a surface of the alignment part 152 facing the second end c1 is a convex curved surface; the light-emitting driving substrate 112, the reflective light guide element 150 and the supporting portion 156 together form a second cavity 156.

For example, as shown in fig. 17, the alignment part 152 may be located on a side of the supporting part 156 near the first end c0, and a surface of the alignment part 152 facing the first end c0 is a convex curved surface; the light emitting driving substrate 112, the reflective light guide element 150 and the collimating part 152 together form a second cavity 156.

For example, as shown in fig. 16 and 17, the first cavity 153 includes a second cavity 156. For example, for the example of fig. 15A-17, the orthographic projections of the first end c0 and the second end c1 on the image generating element may completely overlap.

It is noted that in some examples, the image source 101 may not include the support portion 156, in which case the collimating portion 152 is directly fixed on the reflective light guiding element 150; in other examples, the support 156 may be part of the alignment portion 152.

In some examples, the collimating part 152 and the supporting part 156 may be included as an integral part of the reflective light guide element 150, in which case, the reflective light guide element 150 including the collimating part 152 and the supporting part 156 may be included as a solid transparent member, the solid transparent member includes an end part (e.g., corresponding to the first end c0) where the light source 111 is disposed, the refractive index of the transparent member is greater than 1, the light of the first part emitted by the light source 111 is totally reflected and emitted at an interface between the solid transparent member and a medium surrounding the solid transparent member, and the light of the second part emitted by the light source 111 is transmitted and emitted in the transparent member. The end part of the solid transparent component, which is provided with the light source, is provided with a cavity, and one surface of the cavity, which is close to the light-emitting surface, is provided with a collimation part which can adjust light rays into parallel light rays; alternatively, as shown in fig. 16, the end of the solid transparent member where the light source is disposed is provided with a cavity, the light exit surface of the solid transparent member is provided with an opening 155 (e.g., an area surrounded by the collimating part 152 and the inner surface of the reflective light guide element 150) extending toward the end, and the bottom surface of the opening 155 close to the end is provided with a collimating part capable of adjusting the light rays into parallel light rays. For example, the collimating part 152 is used to adjust the light incident thereon to be parallel or nearly parallel; for example, the collimating part 152 may be selected from a convex lens, a fresnel lens, and a lens combination (combination of a plurality of lenses).

For example, the head-up display device 100 further includes a light shielding member. The controller is further configured to drive the shading element to switch from the first state to the second state in response to the intensity of the second sub-beam SL _2 being greater than or equal to a predetermined light intensity threshold; the light shielding element enables light from the outside of the packaging shell 142 to be incident on the image source 101 in the first state; the light blocking element in the second state prevents light originating from outside the package housing 142 from being incident on the image source 101.

For example, by making the head-up display device 100 further include a light shielding element, an automatic light shielding function of the head-up display device 100 can be achieved. This is exemplified below in connection with fig. 18-20.

Fig. 18 shows a schematic view of a first state of a first example of the light shielding member (shielding the light shielding member 181) provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, and fig. 19 shows a schematic view of a second state of the first example of the light shielding member (shielding the light shielding member 181) provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

In a first example, as shown in fig. 18 and 19, the light shielding element may include a shielding light shielding element 181, the light shielding element may include a light shielding plate 181a, and the light shielding plate 181a may be disposed near the second opening 143 of the encapsulation case 142 (i.e., the light outlet of the head up display device 100).

For example, in case the intensity of the second sub-beam SL _2 is smaller than a predetermined light intensity threshold, the light shielding element is in the first state. For example, as shown in fig. 18, in the first state, an orthographic projection of the light shielding element on the plane of the second opening 143 is at least partially non-overlapping (e.g., completely non-overlapping) with the second opening 143, so that the light shielding element in the first state causes light originating from outside the package housing 142 to be incident on the image source 101.

For example, in case the intensity of the second sub-beam SL _2 is equal to or greater than a predetermined light intensity threshold, the controller is further configured to drive the light shielding element to switch from the first state to the second state in response to the intensity of the second sub-beam SL _2 being equal to or greater than the predetermined light intensity threshold. For example, as shown in fig. 19, in the second state, an orthographic projection of the light shielding element on the plane of the second opening 143 at least partially overlaps (e.g., completely overlaps) the second opening 143, so that the light shielding element in the first state prevents light originating from outside the package housing 142 from being incident on the image source 101.

For example, upon receiving the light shielding signal, the light shielding plate 181a may slide in the direction D1 shown in fig. 18 to cover (e.g., completely cover) the second opening 143 of the package housing 142. In some examples, upon receiving the light blocking signal, the light blocking plate 181a may also cover (e.g., completely cover) the second opening 143 of the package housing 142 by flipping.

It should be noted that the shielding and light shielding element 181 is not limited to be disposed at the light outlet (i.e., the second opening 143) of the head-up display device 100, and may also be disposed near the curved mirror, near the plane mirror, or near the image source 101, and after receiving the light shielding signal, the shielding and light shielding element may be translated or turned over to cover the light outlet, the curved mirror, the plane mirror, or the image source 101, so that the light shielding plate 181a may be used to block the sunlight from propagating to the image source 101.

For example, the shade light-shielding member 181 includes a transmission gear (not shown in the figure) and a power unit (not shown in the figure) in addition to the light shielding plate 181 a; the output shaft of the power device is fixedly connected with the center of the transmission gear, the light screen 181a comprises a light shielding arm and a transmission arm, the outer end of the transmission arm is provided with a transmission rack which can be in transmission connection with the transmission gear, and the transmission gear can drive the rack to translate when rotating. When the shading signal is received, the power device drives the transmission gear to rotate, the transmission gear drives the transmission arm on the shading plate 181a to move, and then the shading arm moves to the light outlet, the image source 101 or the surface of the reflection element 130 to shade sunlight.

Fig. 20 is a schematic view of a second example of a shading element (a flip shading element 182) provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

In a second example, as shown in fig. 20, the shade element may include a flip shade element 182. For example, as shown in fig. 20, the flip shade element 182 may include: the reflecting mirror comprises a bottom plate 182a provided with a rotating shaft 182b, a transmission gear and a power device, wherein the bottom plate 182a is fixed on the back of the curved reflecting mirror, an output shaft of the power device is fixedly connected with the center of the transmission gear, one end of the rotating shaft is provided with a gear and is in transmission connection with the transmission gear, and the transmission gear can drive the rotating shaft to rotate when rotating. When the shading signal is received, the bottom plate 182a rotates along the rotation axis to drive the image source 101 or the reflective element 130 to rotate, so as to turn the sunlight to a direction that the sunlight cannot irradiate the image source 101. In some examples, the base plate 182a may also be secured to the side of a curved mirror or to the back or side of the image source 101 and a planar mirror.

In some examples, the shade element provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure may also include both a shade element 181 and a flip shade element 182.

For example, the heads-up display device 100 includes a feedback. The controller is further configured to switch the light blocking element from the second state to the first state in response to a recovery instruction output by the feedback device, so that light IML of a display image output by the image source 101 and incident on the image source 101 from light outside the package housing 142 can exit from the second opening 143 when external light cannot damage the image source 101, that is, the head-up display apparatus 100 can display the image. For example, by making the head-up display device 100 further include a feedback device, the head-up display device 100 can be automatically turned on when external light cannot damage the image source 101, so that the user experience can be improved. For example, in the case where the feedback is not outputting the restoration instruction, the controller is further configured to cause the light shielding element to be maintained in the current state (e.g., the second state).

In a first example, the feedback is configured to output a recovery instruction in response to the orientation of the second opening 143 of the enclosure housing 142 not matching the current position of the sun. For example, the orientation of the second opening 143 of the package housing 142 not matching the current position of the sun includes: the orientation of the second opening 143 and the current position of the sun together prevent sunlight from being incident on the reflective element 130 or the orientation of the second opening 143 and the current position of the sun together prevent sunlight incident on the reflective element 130 from being reflected onto the image source 101.

Fig. 21 is an exemplary block diagram of still another head-up display device 100 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, in the first example described above, as shown in fig. 21, the head-up display device 100 further includes a positioner and an angular motion detector. The locator is used for acquiring the longitude and latitude of the current geographic position of the head-up display device 100; the angular motion detector is used for acquiring the current angular motion parameters of the head-up display device 100; the feedback is further configured to determine whether the orientation of the second opening 143 of the enclosure 142 matches the position of the sun based on the latitude and longitude of the current geographic position of the heads-up display device 100 and the current position of the sun. For example, the angular motion parameters of the head-up display device 100 include a pitch angle, a roll angle, a yaw angle, and the like of the head-up display device 100. For example, the specific implementation of the positioner and the angular motion detector can be set according to the requirements of the actual application. For example, the angular motion detector may comprise an inertial measurement unit; the locator includes a GPS (global positioning system) based chip.

For example, in a first example, the feedback device includes a processor and a memory, which may have stored thereon executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, may perform a corresponding function (e.g., determining whether the orientation of the second opening 143 of the enclosure 142 matches the position of the sun based on the latitude and longitude of the current geographic position of the heads-up display device 100 and the current position of the sun). For example, the processor and the memory included in the feedback device may be multiplexed with the processor and the memory included in the controller, which will not be described herein.

In a second example, the feedback is configured to output the restoration instruction in case the length of time the shading element is in the second state is larger than a predetermined length of time threshold. Correspondingly, the controller makes the shading element convert from the second state to the first state; if the intensity of the second sub-beam SL _2 is still greater than or equal to the predetermined light intensity threshold, the controller drives the shutter element again to switch from the first state to the second state until the intensity of the second sub-beam SL _2 is less than the predetermined light intensity threshold. For example, the predetermined length of time threshold may be 5 seconds, 10 seconds, 15 seconds, 20 seconds, or other suitable value.

For example, in a second example, the feedback device comprises a processor and a memory, on which executable instructions may be stored, which when executed by the processor may perform a corresponding function (e.g. determining whether the length of time the shading element is in the second state is greater than a predetermined length of time threshold). For example, the processor and the memory included in the feedback device may be multiplexed with the processor and the memory included in the controller, which will not be described herein.

In a third example, the heads-up display device 100 further comprises a sensor 145 for feedback, the feedback being configured to respond to an output restoration instruction that the sensor 145 for feedback outputs light intensity data smaller than a second light intensity threshold when the light blocking element is in the second state. The following is an exemplary description with reference to fig. 22 and 23.

Fig. 22 is a schematic diagram of another head-up display device 100 according to at least one embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in fig. 22, the head-up display device 100 includes a shading member 181 and a sensor 145 for feedback, the sensor 145 for feedback is located on a side of the shading member 181 away from the reflecting member 130, and the sensor 145 for feedback is located away from the reflecting member 130. With the head-up display apparatus 100 shown in fig. 22, the feedback device is configured to receive the light intensity data output from the sensor 145 for feedback when the light shielding member 181 covers the light exit port, and output a recovery instruction when the light intensity data is smaller than the second light intensity threshold.

For the example where the mask shading element 181 is between the curved mirror to the image generating device, a sensor 145 for feedback may be provided on the side of the mask shading element 181 close to the curved mirror. For example, an exemplary feedback device for a shading element 181 between a curved mirror and a flat mirror may be disposed around or behind the curved mirror, but not around or behind the flat mirror.

Fig. 23 is a schematic diagram of a second state of yet another head-up display device 100 according to at least one embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in fig. 23, the head-up display device 100 includes a flip shade member 182 and a sensor 145 for feedback, and the sensor 145 for feedback is located on the side of the reflective member 130 where the reflective surface is not provided. For example, a sensor 145 for feedback is located behind the reflective element 130.

For example, with respect to the head-up display device 100 shown in fig. 23, the feedback device is configured to receive the light intensity data output by the sensor 145 for feedback when the flip shade element 182 is in the second state (i.e., after the flip shade element 182 has turned the reflective element 130), and output a recovery command when the light intensity data is less than the second light intensity threshold, so that the flip shade element 182 is switched from the second state to turn the reflective element 130 back to the original state.

For example, in a third example, the feedback device includes a processor and a memory, which may have stored thereon executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, may perform a corresponding function (e.g., determining whether the light intensity data output by the sensor 145 for feedback when the shading element is in the second state is less than a second light intensity threshold).

At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a heads up display system 200. Fig. 24 is a schematic diagram of a head-up display system 200 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure; fig. 25 is a schematic diagram of another heads-up display system 200 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure; fig. 26 is a schematic diagram of another head-up display system 200 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

As shown in fig. 24-26, the head-up display system 200 includes an imaging element 201 and any of the head-up display devices 100 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the imaging element 201 is configured to image a first virtual image (not shown in the figure) output by the head-up display apparatus 100 to form a second virtual image 202.

For example, the imaging element 201 may be partially reflective and partially transmissive to light in the visible wavelength band. As shown in fig. 24 to 26, the light IML of the display image emitted from the second opening 143 of the package case 142 of the head-up display device 100 is reflected by the imaging element 201 to the eye box region EB1, and the driver can see the first virtual image formed on the imaging element 201 away from the eye box region in the case where the driver's eyes are located in the eye box region. For example, the imaging element 201 does not affect the driver's view of the external environment.

In some examples, as shown in fig. 24 and 26, the imaging element 201 may be implemented as a flat plate-like partially reflective partially transmissive element; in other examples, as shown in fig. 25, the imaging element 201 may be implemented as a curved-surface-type partially-reflective partially-transmissive element. For example, as shown in fig. 25, in the case where the imaging element 201 is implemented as a curved-surface-type partially-reflective partially-transmissive element, the side of the curved-surface-type partially-reflective partially-transmissive element close to the head-up display device 100 is a concave curved surface. It should be noted that the head-up display system 200 shown in fig. 25 is not limited to the head-up display device 100 shown in fig. 3A, and the head-up display system 200 shown in fig. 25 may also be any other head-up display device 100 (e.g., the head-up display device 100 shown in fig. 3B) provided by at least one embodiment of the disclosure.

For example, the imaging element 201 may be a front window (e.g., a front windshield) of the traffic device, an emission film layer disposed on a surface of the front window of the traffic device near the heads-up display device, or an imaging window through which imaging is performed, that is, W-HUD (windshield-HUD), or (C-HUD). For example, the imaging window is typically an imaging plate made of a transparent material (transparent to visible light) with a certain curvature.

For example, the first virtual image output by the heads-up display apparatus 100 may be located at the focal plane of the imaging element 201, whereby the distance of the second virtual image displayed by the heads-up display system 200 from the eye box region may be increased. For example, the second virtual image displayed by the heads-up display system 200 may be located at a relatively large distance (e.g., greater than 30 meters, 50 meters) or even at infinity, thereby making the heads-up display system 200 suitable for virtual reality (AR) applications.

For example, when the imaging element 201 is a front windshield, the position of the first virtual image formed by reflecting the image source by the curved mirror is located at or near the focal plane of the front windshield. In this case, according to the curved surface imaging law, a second virtual image formed by the image output from the image source 101 sequentially passing through the curved surface reflector and the front windshield is formed at a longer distance or even an infinite distance, and is suitable for AR-HUD. Here, the longer distance means that the distance between the second virtual image displayed by the heads-up display system 200 and the eye box region is greater than a predetermined distance threshold. For example, the predetermined distance threshold may be 20 meters, 30 meters, 50 meters, or other suitable distance.

For example, for the head-up display system 200 including the head-up display device 100 using the reflective light guide element 150, the direction control element 160, and the diffusion element, the light emitted from the light source 111 passes through the reflective light guide element 150 and the direction control element 160, then passes through the reflection of the reflective element 130, and finally is reflected on the imaging element 201, the reflected light converges and falls into the eye box (e.g., the center of the eye box), and further the light is precisely diffused by the diffusion element, and the diffused light beam can cover the eye box region (e.g., just cover the eye box region), so that the normal observation is not affected while the high light effect is achieved. It will be appreciated that the diffused beam may be larger than the eye box area, as long as complete coverage of the eye box is ensured; preferably, after the diffusion element is arranged, the diffused light beam just covers the eye box area, and the system light effect is the highest.

The inventors of the present disclosure have also noted in their research that the head-up display system shown in fig. 1 and 2 may have a ghost problem due to incomplete overlapping of an image corresponding to light reflected by a surface of the partially reflective partially transmissive element close to the package case and an image corresponding to light reflected by a surface of the partially reflective partially transmissive element far from the package case of the head-up display system shown in fig. 1 and 2.

Examples of a heads-up display system 200 with ghost suppression (e.g., anti-ghost) functionality provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure are described below in conjunction with fig. 27-30.

Fig. 27 is a schematic diagram of another head-up display system 200 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. In contrast to the heads-up display system 200 shown in fig. 24-26, the heads-up display system 200 shown in fig. 27 further includes a wedge-shaped membrane 211; the imaging element 201 of the head-up display system 200 includes a first layer 201a, a second layer 201b, and a gap (hereinafter referred to as an interlayer) between the first layer 201a and the second layer 201 b; the wedge film 211 is located in the interlayer (i.e., the gap between the first layer 201a and the second layer 201 b) of the imaging element 201.

The imaging element 201 provided with the wedge film 211 and the head-up display system 200 shown in fig. 27 are exemplarily explained below as having the ghost-proof function in the case where the imaging element 201 of the head-up display system 200 is implemented as a windshield (e.g., a front windshield) of a transportation apparatus.

For example, the windshield has a double-glazing structure in which a wedge-shaped polyvinyl butyral (PVB) layer is embedded between two glazings by a special process, and by implementing the imaging element 201 as a windshield provided with the wedge-shaped film 211, images reflected by the inner and outer surfaces of the glass (i.e., an image reflected by the first layer 201a and an image reflected by the second layer 201 b) can be superimposed into one image, thereby enabling the head-up display system 200 to have a ghost image suppressing (e.g., anti-ghost image) function. For example, wedge film 211 has a thin end and a thick end, and also has an angle, and the angle of wedge film 211 needs to be set according to the requirements of head-up display system 200.

Fig. 28 is a schematic diagram of another head-up display system 200 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. In contrast to the heads-up display system 200 shown in fig. 24-26, the heads-up display system 200 shown in fig. 28 further includes a first reflective film 212, the first reflective film 212 being located on a surface of the imaging element 201 near the heads-up display device 100; the polarization direction of the light IML of the display image output by the image source 101 of the head-up display apparatus 100 is a second direction; the reflectance of the imaging element 201 to light having the polarization direction of the first direction is a first reflectance; the reflectance of the imaging element 201 to the light having the second polarization direction is the second reflectance; the reflectance of the first reflective film 212 with respect to the light having the second polarization direction is a third reflectance; the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; the first reflectivity and the third reflectivity are both greater than the second reflectivity.

For example, the light with the first polarization direction is S-polarized light, and the light with the second polarization direction is P-polarized light; the reflectance of the imaging element 201 for S-polarized light is larger than the reflectance of the imaging element 201 for P-polarized light; the reflectance of the first reflection film 212 (e.g., P-polarized light reflection film) for P-polarized light is larger than the reflectance of the imaging element 201 for P-polarized light.

For example, the energy utilization efficiency of the head-up display system 200 may be improved by making the light IML of the display image output by the image source 101 of the head-up display apparatus 100P-polarized light and providing the first reflective film 212 (e.g., a P-polarized light reflective film) to increase the reflectivity of the P-polarized light. In addition, since glass has high transmittance for P-polarized light, the P-polarized light transmitted through the first reflective film 212 is also transmitted out of the imaging element 201 because the reflectance of the P-polarized light by the inner surface of the second layer 201b (see fig. 27) of the imaging element 201 is low; in this case, the brightness of the image reflected by the second layer 201b of the imaging element 201 is low (e.g., negligible). For example, in this case, the user can observe only the image reflected by the first reflective film 212.

Fig. 29 is a schematic diagram of another head-up display system 200 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. In contrast to the heads-up display system 200 shown in fig. 24-26, the heads-up display system 200 shown in fig. 29 further includes a first phase delay element 213, the first phase delay element 213 being located on a surface of the imaging element 201 near the heads-up display device 100; the polarization direction of light IML of a display image output by the image source 101 of the head-up display apparatus 100 is a first direction. For example, the light with the first polarization direction is S-polarized light, the light with the second polarization direction is P-polarized light, and the reflectance of the imaging element 201 for the S-polarized light is greater than the reflectance of the imaging element 201 for the P-polarized light.

In one example, the first phase delay element 213 is an 1/2 wave plate; in this case, since the light transmitted through the first phase retardation element 213 is converted into P-polarized light by the 1/2 wave plate, since the reflectivity of the inner surface of the second layer 201b (see fig. 27) of the imaging element 201 to the P-polarized light is low, the reflected light transmitted through the 1/2 wave plate is also transmitted out of the imaging element 201, and the brightness of the image reflected by the second layer 201b of the imaging element 201 is low (e.g., negligible), so that the head-up display system 200 has a ghost suppression (e.g., ghost elimination) function. For example, the head-up display system 200 may further include a third reflective film on a side of the first phase retardation element 213 near the head-up display device 100, such that the third reflective film reflects more light output by the head-up display system 200 to the eye box region.

In another example, the first phase delay element 213 may also be an 1/4 wave plate; in this case, the light transmitted through the first phase retardation element 213 is converted into circularly polarized light by the 1/4 wave plate, the reflectance of the inner surface of the second layer 201b (see fig. 27) of the imaging element 201 to the circularly polarized light is also low, and the brightness of the image reflected by the second layer 201b of the imaging element 201 is low (e.g., negligible), thereby enabling the head-up display system 200 to have a ghost suppression (e.g., anti-ghost) function.

It should be noted that, for the sake of convenience, the first phase delay element 213 and the imaging element 201 have a gap therebetween, but in practical applications, the surface of the first phase delay element 213 is closely attached to the surface of the imaging element 201; the windshield is also enlarged in fig. 29. For example, the thickness of the windshield is enlarged.

Fig. 30 is a schematic diagram of another head-up display system 200 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. In contrast to the heads-up display system 200 shown in fig. 24-26, the heads-up display system 200 shown in fig. 30 further includes a second reflective film 214, the second reflective film 214 being located on a surface of the imaging element 201 near the heads-up display device 100; the light IML of the display image output by the image source 101 includes any one or any combination of light of the first wavelength band, light of the second wavelength band, and light of the third wavelength band; the reflectance of the second reflective film 214 with respect to the light incident thereon and located in the predetermined wavelength band is a fourth reflectance; the reflectance of the second reflective film 214 to visible light incident thereon and outside the predetermined wavelength band is a fifth reflectance; the fourth reflectivity is greater than the fifth reflectivity; the predetermined wavelength band includes a combination of the first wavelength band, the second wavelength band, and the third wavelength band. For example, the colors of the light of the first wavelength band, the light of the second wavelength band, and the light of the third wavelength band are different from each other. For example, any two bands of the first, second, and third bands are spaced apart from each other.

For example, the fifth reflectance is a low reflectance (e.g., less than 30%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 1%, 0.5%, or other suitable values), and correspondingly, the second reflective film 214 has a high transmittance for visible light outside the predetermined wavelength band, in which case the fourth reflectance may be set to a high reflectance (e.g., such that the fourth reflectance is greater than 80%, 90%, 95%, 99.5%, or other suitable values), and thus the light IML of the display image output by the image source 101 is substantially reflected by the second reflective film 214 without being incident on the second layer 201b of the imaging element 201 (see fig. 27). The brightness of the image reflected by the second layer 201b of the imaging element 201 is negligible, thereby enabling the head-up display system 200 to have a ghost suppression (e.g., anti-ghost) function. In addition, since the second reflective film 214 has a high transmittance for visible light outside the predetermined wavelength band, the visible light outside the predetermined wavelength band incident on the imaging device and the second reflective film 214 may be transmitted through the imaging device and the second reflective film 214 and observed by the user of the head-up display system 200, and thus the second reflective film 214 has less adverse effect on the user of the head-up display system 200 observing the external environment through the imaging device.

For example, when the imaging element 201 is a windshield, a selective reflection film may be additionally disposed on an inner surface of the windshield, and the selective reflection film only reflects the light IML lines of the display image sent by the image source 101, and if the light IML lines of the display image include light rays in three bands of RGB, the selective reflection film only reflects the light rays of RGB and transmits other light rays (for example, other bands of visible light bands located outside the band where the light IML lines of the display image sent by the image forming element are located), and the light IML lines of the display image will not be reflected secondarily on the inner surface of the outer side of the windshield, so as to eliminate double images.

The inventors of the present disclosure also noted in their research that some images output by the heads-up display system 200 may not be visible when the user wears the polarized glasses 221 (polarized sunglasses). This is because the light of the display image output by the image source of the above-mentioned head-up display system 200 is S-polarized light, and the polarized glasses 221 are configured to filter the S-polarized light and transmit only the P-polarized light.

At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a heads-up display system 200 that allows a user to observe a display image while wearing the polarized glasses 221, as follows, in conjunction with fig. 31 and 32.

Fig. 31 is a schematic diagram of another head-up display system 200 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. In contrast to the heads-up display system 200 shown in fig. 24-26, the heads-up display system 200 shown in fig. 31 further includes a second phase delay element 215, and the second phase delay element 215 is located at the second opening 143 of the package housing 142 of the heads-up display apparatus 100 or on the optical path from the second opening 143 to the imaging element 201. For example, the phase retarding element is an 1/4 wave plate or a 1/2 wave plate.

For example, when the phase retardation element is an 1/4 wave plate, S-polarized light may be converted into circularly polarized light, and since circularly polarized light C has a P-polarized light component, a user of the head-up display system 200 can observe an image displayed by the head-up display system 200 while wearing the polarization glasses 221.

Fig. 32 is another schematic diagram of the heads-up display system 200 shown in fig. 28.

For example, as shown in fig. 28 and 32, the light IML of the display image output by the image source 101 of the heads-up display apparatus 100 is P-polarized light, and the first reflective film 212 (e.g., P-polarized light reflective film) may reflect the light IML of the display image implemented as P-polarized light, and thus, the user of the heads-up display system 200 may observe the light IML of the display image passing through the polarized glasses 221 while wearing the polarized glasses 221, whereby the heads-up display system 200 shown in fig. 28 and 32 enables the user to observe the heads-up display system 200 of the display image while wearing the polarized glasses 221.

At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a transportation device. Fig. 33 is an exemplary block diagram of a transportation device provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 33, the transportation device includes a head-up display system 200 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. In some examples, a front window (e.g., front windshield) of a traffic device is multiplexed as imaging element 201 of heads-up display system 200.

For example, the transportation device may be various suitable transportation devices, and may include, for example, various types of land transportation devices such as automobiles, or may be a water transportation device such as a boat, as long as a front window is provided at a driving position thereof and an image is transmitted to the front window through an in-vehicle display system.

It is noted that in the drawings used to describe embodiments of the present disclosure, the thickness of layers or regions are exaggerated or reduced for clarity, i.e., the drawings are not drawn to scale.

Although the present disclosure has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to general illustrations and specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the embodiments of the disclosure. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of this disclosure, as claimed.

The above description is intended to be exemplary of the present disclosure, and not to limit the scope of the present disclosure, which is defined by the claims appended hereto.

Claims

1. A head-up display device includes an image source, a reflective element, a partially reflective and partially transmissive element, and at least one sensor,

wherein the image source is configured to output light to display an image;

the reflective element is configured to reflect and condense light of the display image;

the partially reflective and partially transmissive element is disposed in an optical path between the image source to the reflective element;

the at least one sensor is positioned on a side of the plane of the partially reflective partially transmissive element away from the image source;

the partial reflection partial transmission element is configured to split a light beam which originates from the exterior of the head-up display device and is incident on the partial reflection partial transmission element into a first sub-light beam and a second sub-light beam with different transmission directions; and

the partially reflective partially transmissive element, the image source and the at least one sensor are collectively configured such that at least a portion of the second sub-beam is incident on the at least one sensor if the first sub-beam is incident on at least a partial area of the image source.

2. The heads-up display device of claim 1 wherein the at least one sensor includes a first sensor; and

a primary transmission axis of light of a display image output by the image source intersects the first sensor with respect to a virtual straight line on which a mirror image of the partially reflective partially transmissive element lies.

3. The heads-up display device of claim 2 wherein a primary transmission axis of light of the display image intersects the partially reflective partially transmissive element at a first location; and

a mirror image of a main transmission axis of light of the display image with respect to the partially reflective partially transmissive element overlaps a virtual line between a center of the first sensor and the first location.

4. The heads-up display device of claim 1 wherein the at least one sensor includes a first sensor;

the image source includes a display area; and

a projection of the first sensor on the image source along a primary transmission axis of light of a display image output by the image source relative to a mirror image of the partially reflective, partially transmissive element at least partially overlaps a display area of the image source.

5. The heads-up display device of claim 4 wherein a projection of the first sensor on the image source along a primary transmission axis of light of a display image output by the image source relative to a mirror image of the partially reflective partially transmissive element at least partially overlaps a center of a display area of the image source.

6. The heads-up display device of claim 5 wherein the at least one sensor further comprises at least one second sensor;

the projection of the at least one second sensor on the image source along the main transmission axis of light of the display image with respect to the mirror image of the partially reflective partially transmissive element is located at least at the periphery of the display area of the image source.

7. The heads-up display device of claim 1 wherein the at least one sensor includes a first sensor;

the image source includes a display area; and

an orthographic projection of the first sensor on a plane of the image source relative to a mirror image of the partially reflective, partially transmissive element at least partially overlaps a display area of the image source.

8. The heads-up display device of claim 7 wherein an orthographic projection of the first sensor on a plane of the image source relative to a mirror image of the partially reflective partially transmissive element at least partially overlaps a center of a display area of the image source.

9. The heads-up display device of claim 8 wherein the at least one sensor further comprises at least one second sensor,

the orthographic projection of the at least one second sensor on the plane of the image source relative to the mirror image of the partially reflective partially transmissive element is located at least at the periphery of the display area of the image source.

10. The heads-up display device of any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein an orthographic projection of the at least one sensor on the plane of the partially reflective partially transmissive element is entirely within an orthographic projection of the image source on the plane of the partially reflective partially transmissive element.

11. The heads-up display device of any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein the partially reflective partially transmissive element is further configured to cause the first sub-beam to transmit through the partially reflective partially transmissive element and to reflect the second sub-beam.

12. The heads-up display device of any of claims 1-9 wherein the partially reflective partially transmissive element is further configured to cause the second sub-beam to transmit through the partially reflective partially transmissive element and to reflect the first sub-beam.

13. The heads-up display device of any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein the partially reflective partially transmissive element is configured such that the spectrum of the first sub-beam and the spectrum of the second sub-beam are substantially the same; and

the sum of the intensity of the first sub-beam and the intensity of the second sub-beam is substantially equal to the intensity of the beam originating outside the heads-up display device and incident on the partially reflective partially transmissive element.

14. The heads-up display device of any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein the partially reflective partially transmissive element is configured such that the first sub-beam includes portions of the light beam originating from outside the heads-up display device and incident on the partially reflective partially transmissive element that are within a predetermined wavelength band and such that the second sub-beam includes portions of the light beam originating from outside the heads-up display device and incident on the partially reflective partially transmissive element that are outside the predetermined wavelength band.

15. The heads-up display device of claim 14 wherein the light of the display image output by the image source comprises any one or any combination of light of a first wavelength band, light of a second wavelength band, and light of a third wavelength band;

colors of the light of the first wavelength band, the light of the second wavelength band, and the light of the third wavelength band are different from each other;

any two of the first, second, and third bands are spaced apart from one another; and

the predetermined wavelength band includes a combination of the first wavelength band, the second wavelength band, and the third wavelength band.

16. The heads-up display device of claim 15 wherein the partially reflective partially transmissive element is further configured such that the polarization state of the first sub-beam is a predetermined polarization state.

17. The head-up display device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a first diffusing element,

wherein the first diffusing element is located in an optical path from the partially reflective partially transmissive element to the at least one sensor and is configured to diffuse the second sub-beam.

18. The heads-up display device of any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein the at least one sensor is configured to communicate with a controller; and

the controller is configured to issue an alarm instruction in response to the intensity of light in the second sub-beam incident on the at least one sensor being greater than or equal to a predetermined light intensity threshold.

19. The heads-up display device of claim 18 further comprising a light blocking element,

wherein the controller is further configured to drive the shutter element to transition from the first state to the second state in response to the intensity of light in the second sub-beam incident on the at least one sensor being greater than or equal to the predetermined light intensity threshold;

the shading element is configured to enable the first sub-beam to be incident on the image source in the first state; and

the shading element is configured to make the first sub-beam not incident on the image source in the second state.

20. The heads-up display device of claim 19 further comprising a feedback,

wherein the controller is further configured to cause the shading element to transition from the second state to the first state in response to a recovery instruction output by the feedback.

21. The heads-up display device of any of claims 1-9 wherein the image source comprises a light source section, a reflective light guide element, a direction control element, a second diffusing element, and an image generating element;

the light source part includes at least one light source configured to emit light;

the reflective light guide element is configured to reduce a divergence angle of light emitted by the at least one light source incident on the light-reflecting surface of the reflective light guide element;

the direction control element is configured to receive the light rays output by the reflection light guide element and converge the light rays output by the reflection light guide element onto the second diffusion element;

the second diffusing element is configured to diffuse the light rays converged by the direction control element and incident on the second diffusing element; and

the image generating element is configured to convert light output by the second diffusing element that originates from the at least one light source into light for output of the display image.

22. A head-up display system comprising an imaging element and the head-up display device of any one of claims 1-21,

wherein the imaging element is configured to image the first virtual image output by the heads-up display device to form a second virtual image.

23. The heads-up display system of claim 22 wherein the first virtual image output by the heads-up display device is located at a focal plane of the imaging element.

24. The heads-up display system of claim 22 further comprising a first reflective film,

wherein the first reflective film is located on a surface of the imaging element near the head-up display device;

the reflectivity of the imaging element to the light with the polarization direction being the first direction is a first reflectivity;

the reflectivity of the imaging element to the light with the polarization direction in the second direction is a second reflectivity;

the reflectivity of the first reflecting film to the light with the polarization direction being the second direction is a third reflectivity;

the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; and

the first reflectivity and the third reflectivity are both greater than the second reflectivity.

25. The heads-up display system of claim 24 wherein a polarization direction of light of a display image output by an image source of the heads-up display device is the second direction.

26. The heads-up display system of any one of claims 22 to 24 further comprising a phase delay element,

the phase delay element is located at an opening of the head-up display device, or is located on a light path from the opening of the head-up display device to the imaging element.

27. The heads-up display system of claim 22 further comprising a second reflective film, wherein the second reflective film is on a surface of the imaging element proximate to the heads-up display device;

the second reflection film has a fourth reflectivity for light rays which are incident on the second reflection film and are positioned in a preset wave band;

the reflectivity of the second reflection film to the visible light which is incident on the second reflection film and is outside the preset wave band is a fifth reflectivity;

the fourth reflectivity is greater than the fifth reflectivity;

the light of the display image output by the image generating element includes any one or any combination of light of a first wavelength band, light of a second wavelength band, and light of a third wavelength band;

28. The heads-up display system of claim 22 further comprising a wedge shaped film in the interlayer of the imaging element.

29. A transportation device comprising the heads up display system of any of claims 22-28.