Nuclear power-based floating production oil storage device driving system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of floating production and storage devices (FPSOs), in particular to a driving system of a floating production and storage device (FPSO) based on nuclear power.
Background
FPSO (Floating Production Storage and Offloading) is an offshore floating production, storage and unloading device integrating production, oil storage and unloading. As a major oil and gas production facility at sea, it consumes a large amount of primary energy crude oil or natural gas while exploiting energy. Under the global trend of increasingly paying attention to energy conservation and environmental protection, the running cost of the FPSO and the damage to the environment are required to be reduced by improving the power source of the FPSO and optimizing the system of the FPSO.
The nuclear energy is used as clean and efficient energy, so that the energy supply can be increased, the energy structure can be optimized, and meanwhile, the emission of greenhouse gas and pollution gas can be greatly reduced. At present, the land nuclear power generation technology is very mature in commercial operation, but a large amount of low-temperature heat energy carried by exhaust steam is taken away by cooling water of a nuclear power system and released into a water environment in a form of warm water drainage, so that a large amount of low-temperature heat energy is wasted.
A large amount of nitrogen is consumed in the FPSO daily operation and the outward transportation operation, the process system daily needs to carry out nitriding treatment, the outward transportation shuttle tanker operation needs to supplement nitrogen to maintain the pressure in the cabin, and the floating hose needs to purge and replace the oil retained in the hose by the nitrogen after the outward transportation operation. The problem of nitrogen demand can be effectively solved by installing a large-capacity nitrogen production system, but equipment such as an air compressor in the nitrogen production system has high energy consumption, and meanwhile, the optimal temperature of compressed air passing through a membrane by a membrane separation nitrogen production method is 45 ℃, and an electric air heater is required to heat the filtered compressed air.
If the nuclear energy can be combined with the FPSO driving system, and the low-temperature heat energy in the nuclear energy system is applied to the existing FPSO system, the energy utilization rate is maximized while the energy is saved and the environment is protected, and the energy-saving, consumption-reducing and environment-friendly FPSO is manufactured.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a floating production and storage device (FPSO) driving system based on nuclear power, which aims to achieve the purposes of reasonably utilizing the nuclear power as energy, saving energy and reducing consumption in the nitrogen production process and avoiding damage to the marine environment, and adopts the following technical scheme:
A floating production and storage device (FPSO) driving system based on nuclear power comprises a steam generation module, wherein a nuclear reactor is arranged in a reactor compartment of the steam generation module, and the nuclear reactor is sequentially connected with a steam generator and a main circulating pump to form a first circulating network; the saturated steam generated by the steam generator respectively enters the power generation system, the pump set turbine system, the engine room and the miscellaneous steam system, the cargo oil cabin section heating system and the upper module heating system.
The steam generator is connected with the turbine of the generator and the nitrogen-making heater and then is converged into a main exhaust steam pipe, the main exhaust steam pipe is sequentially connected with the condenser, the condensate pump, the warm water tank, the deaerator, the water feed pump and the high-pressure water feed heater to form a second circulating network, and a water feed control valve is arranged between the high-pressure water feed heater and the steam generator.
The steam generator is connected with the pump set turbine through the throttling device and then is converged into a dead steam main pipe, and the dead steam main pipe is sequentially connected with the condenser, the condensate pump, the warm water tank, the deaerator, the water feeding pump and the high-pressure water feeding heater to form a third circulating net.
The other end of the condenser is communicated with seawater, and the seawater in the sea is pumped into the seawater condenser through a seawater pump of the condenser and flows out of the seawater condenser to flow back to the sea.
The steam generator is respectively connected with the engine room and the miscellaneous steam system, the cargo oil cabin section heating system and the upper module heating system through the throttling device, the saturated steam is converged into a dead steam main pipe after working in the engine room and the miscellaneous steam system, the cargo oil cabin section heating system and the upper module heating system, and the dead steam main pipe is sequentially connected with the condenser, the condensate pump, the warm water tank, the deaerator, the water feed pump and the high-pressure water feed heater, and the high-pressure water feed heater flows back to the steam generator.
The steam generator provides saturated steam of 4mpa-8mpa to the power generation system, 1.6mpa-1.96mpa to the pump stack turbine system, and 0.4mpa-0.98mpa to the cabin and utility steam system, cargo tank section heating system, and upper module heating system.
The passage of the generator turbine to the nitrogen-making heater is provided with a first valve, the passage of the nitrogen-making heater to the exhaust steam main pipe is provided with a second valve, the pipeline of the generator turbine to the exhaust steam main pipe is provided with a third valve, and the third valve is connected with the first valve and the second valve in parallel.
The above-mentioned floating production oil storage device (FPSO) driving system based on nuclear power, further, the cabin and miscellaneous steam system includes dirty oil tank, diesel oil separating machine heater, oil tank, oil residue tank, ballast water filter radiator, washing cabin sea water heater, winter cabin heating.
The floating production and storage device (FPSO) driving system based on nuclear power further comprises a dirty oil tank, a fuel tank, a production tank and a deck heater.
The above-mentioned floating production and storage device (FPSO) driving system based on nuclear power, further, the upper module heating system comprises a production separator, a crude oil heater, a reinjection water heater, a closed discharge tank, domestic hot water, room heating and pipeline heat tracing.
In the above-mentioned floating production and storage device (FPSO) driving system based on nuclear power, a pressure stabilizer is further disposed on a path of the main circulation pump to the nuclear reactor and on a path of the nuclear reactor to the steam generator in the first circulation network.
The above-mentioned floating production and storage unit (FPSO) driving system based on nuclear power, further, the nuclear reactor is a pressurized water reactor, and the heat transfer medium is water pressurized to 15mpa-20 mpa.
According to the nuclear power-based floating production oil storage device (FPSO) driving system, the fresh water cabin is sequentially connected with the fresh water pump and the warm water tank through the pipelines, and a warm water tank control valve is arranged between the fresh water pump and the warm water tank.
The above-mentioned floating production oil storage device (FPSO) driving system based on nuclear power, further, the steam generator is provided with a second liquid level sensor, and the second liquid level sensor is connected with the water supply control valve through a signal.
In the above-mentioned floating production and storage device (FPSO) driving system based on nuclear power, further, the deck heater is communicated with the oil tank, an immersed pump is arranged in the oil tank, oil is pumped into the deck heater by the immersed pump, and returns to the oil tank after being treated by the deck heater.
The above-mentioned floating production oil storage device (FPSO) actuating system based on nuclear power, furthermore, be provided with first level sensor in the warm water tank, first level sensor is connected with warm water tank control valve signal.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. The invention adopts nuclear energy as a power source of the FPSO, and the heat energy converted by the nuclear energy is respectively applied to users with different heat energies at high, medium and low. And the steam is used as a heat medium of the driving system, so that the heat carrying capacity is high, and the heat exchange efficiency of the system is improved.
2. The nuclear fuel is used as a power source of the FPSO, and has the advantages of green, low carbon, energy conservation, environmental protection, high energy density, long service life of single-stack fuel and strong power. The nuclear fuel reduces the running cost and avoids ecological damage for FPSO factories with high energy consumption and high emission.
3. The invention recycles a large amount of low-temperature exhaust steam after acting in the second circulation net of the FPSO nuclear power system, combines low-temperature heat energy with the nitrogen production system, saves the energy consumption of an electric heater, improves the heat efficiency of the system and has good overall economical performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of the present invention;
Wherein: 1-nuclear reactor, 2-steam generator, 3-main circulation pump, 4-manostat, 5-throttling gear, 6-pump stack turbine, 7-generator turbine, 8-dirty oil tank, 9-diesel oil separator heater, 10-smooth tank, 11-oil sludge tank, 12-ballast water inter-filter radiator, 13-wash tank sea water heater, 14-winter cabin heating, 15-dirty oil water tank, 16-fuel tank, 17-produced water tank, 18-deck heater, 19-production separator, 20-raw oil heater, 21-reinjection water heater, 22-closed drain tank, 23-domestic hot water, 24-room heating, 25-pipeline heat partner, 26-oil tank, 27-immersed pump, 28-dead steam main pipe, 29-nitrogen making heater, 30-first valve, 31-second valve, 32-third valve, 33-feedwater control valve, 34-warm water tank control valve, 35-condenser, 36-condensate pump, 37-warm water tank, 38-deaerator, 39-feedwater pump, 40-high pressure water heater, 40-sea water pump, 42-fresh water pump, 43-fresh water pump, and 43-fresh water tank.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a floating production and storage device (FPSO) driving system based on nuclear power is provided with a reactor cabin, a nuclear reactor is arranged in the reactor cabin, the nuclear reactor adopts a conventional pressurized water reactor, the pressurized water reactor is sequentially connected with a steam generator and a main circulating pump through pipelines, the main circulating pump returns to the pressurized water reactor to form a first circulating network, a pressure stabilizer is arranged between a passage of the main circulating pump returning to the pressurized water reactor and a passage of the pressurized water reactor leading to the steam generator, and the pressure stabilizer is used for preventing equipment damage caused by the excessive pressure in the first circulating network and coolant boiling caused by the excessive pressure.
The steam generator is sequentially connected with the generator turbine and the nitrogen-making heater through pipelines, the pipelines are led into a main exhaust steam pipe after coming out of the nitrogen-making heater, the main exhaust steam pipe is sequentially connected with the condenser, the condensate pump, the warm water tank, the deaerator, the water feed pump and the high-pressure water feed heater, and the high-pressure water feed heater flows back to the steam generator to form a second circulating net. The generator turbine is also connected to the generator.
The steam generator is connected with the pump set turbine through the throttling device and then is converged into a dead steam main pipe, and is sequentially connected with the condenser, the condensate pump, the warm water tank, the deaerator, the water feed pump and the high-pressure water feed heater through the dead steam main pipe, and the high-pressure water feed heater flows back to the steam generator to form a third circulating network.
The passage of the generator turbine to the nitrogen-making heater is provided with a first valve, the passage of the nitrogen-making heater to the exhaust steam main pipe is provided with a second valve, the pipeline of the generator turbine to the exhaust steam main pipe is provided with a third valve, and the third valve is connected with the first valve and the second valve in parallel.
The exhaust pressure of saturated steam after the power generation system and the pump set turbine system do work is 15-39Kpa, the exhaust steam is converged in the exhaust steam main pipe, when nitrogen is required to be produced, the first valve and the second valve are opened, the third valve is closed, the exhaust steam flows through the nitrogen production heater for heat exchange, the compressed air in the nitrogen production heater reaches the optimal film passing temperature of 45 ℃, and the exhaust steam after heat exchange is converged into the exhaust steam main pipe. When nitrogen production is not needed, the third valve is opened, the first valve and the second valve are closed, and the exhaust steam directly enters the exhaust steam main pipe.
The other end of the condenser is connected with seawater, the seawater is pumped into the seawater condenser through a seawater pump of the condenser, and the heated seawater flows back into the sea after heat exchange in the seawater condenser. The other end of the warm water tank is connected with a fresh water tank, a fresh water pump and a warm water tank control valve are arranged between the fresh water tank and the warm water tank, a first liquid level sensor is arranged in the warm water tank, and the first liquid level sensor is connected with the warm water tank control valve. The first liquid level sensor in the warm water tank is connected with the warm water tank control valve, the first liquid level sensor sends a liquid level signal to the warm water tank control valve, when the liquid level of water is too low, the warm water tank control valve is automatically opened, fresh water is pumped into the warm water tank from a fresh water cabin by a fresh water pump, after the warm water tank is heated at low temperature, a heat-carrying medium is deoxidized by a deoxidizer and pumped into a high-pressure feed water heater by a feed water pump for heating, and the heat-carrying medium is heated by the high-pressure feed water heater to form a heat-carrying medium with the pressure of 7-12 mpa and enters a steam generator. And 7-12 mpa of heat transfer medium enters a steam generator, and after heat exchange and evaporation are carried out on the heat transfer medium and 15-20mpa of water discharged from the pressurized water reactor, 4-8 mpa of saturated steam and cooled heat transfer medium are formed, and the cooled heat transfer medium is pumped into the pressurized water reactor through a main circulating pump to be heated, and is continuously circulated in a first circulating network. The saturated steam with the pressure of 4mpa-8mpa is sequentially supplied to a power generation system, a pump set turbine system, a cabin and impurity steam system, a cargo oil cabin section heating system and an upper module heating system. The steam generator is internally provided with a second liquid level sensor, the second liquid level sensor is in signal connection with a water supply control valve, the second liquid level sensor sends a liquid level signal to the water supply control valve, the water supply control valve supplements heat carrier medium into the steam generator in real time according to the liquid level signal, and the heat carrier medium enters the steam generator to exchange heat with 15mpa-20mpa water coming out of the pressurized water reactor and evaporate, so that high-temperature saturated steam is formed.
The high-temperature saturated steam enters the power generation system at 4-8 mpa, works in a turbine of a generator, converts heat energy of the steam into mechanical energy, and a turbine rotor of the generator is connected with the generator to convert the mechanical energy into electric energy for instruments and meters of a whole ship, life and illumination. The high-temperature saturated steam sequentially passes through a turbine of the generator and a nitrogen-making heater and then is converged into a main pipe of the exhaust steam. The high-temperature saturated steam enters a pump set turbine system at 1.6-1.96 mpa through a throttling device, a pump set turbine is driven to drive a sea water pump, a condensate pump, a fresh water pump and a water supply pump to operate, and the high-temperature saturated steam is converged into a dead steam main pipe after passing through the pump set turbine. The high-temperature saturated steam enters a cabin and miscellaneous steam system, a cargo oil cabin section heating system and an upper module heating system at 0.4-0.98 mpa through a throttling device, and the cabin and miscellaneous steam system comprises a dirty oil cabin, a diesel oil separating machine heater, a lubricating oil tank, an oil residue cabin, a ballast water filter radiator, a washing cabin sea water heater and heating of a winter cabin. The cargo oil tank section heating system comprises the heating of a dirty oil tank, a fuel oil tank, a production tank and a deck heater. The oil in the oil tank is pumped into the deck heater through the immersed pump and returns to the oil tank after exchanging heat with the steam system, so that the fluidity of the oil is improved. The upper module heating system comprises a production separator, a crude oil heater, a reinjection water heater, a closed discharge tank, domestic hot water, room heating and pipeline heat tracing heating. The exhaust steam formed after the high-temperature saturated steam works in each system is converged into an exhaust steam main pipe, the exhaust steam in the exhaust steam main pipe is condensed into water through heat exchange between a condenser and low-temperature seawater, and then the water is pumped into a warm water tank by a condensate pump for heating. The low-temperature seawater is pumped into a condenser through a condensed seawater pump, and is circulated back to the sea after heat exchange.
The invention adopts nuclear energy as a power source of the FPSO, and the heat energy converted by the nuclear energy is respectively applied to users with different heat energies at high, medium and low. And the steam is used as a heat medium of the driving system, so that the heat carrying capacity is high, and the heat exchange efficiency of the system is improved. The nuclear fuel is used as a power source of the FPSO, and has the advantages of green, low carbon, energy conservation, environmental protection, high energy density, long service life of single-stack fuel and strong power. The nuclear fuel reduces the running cost and avoids ecological damage for FPSO factories with high energy consumption and high emission. The invention recycles a large amount of low-temperature exhaust steam after acting in the second loop steam turbine of the FPSO nuclear power system, combines low-temperature heat energy with the nitrogen production system, saves the energy consumption of an electric heater, improves the heat efficiency of the system and has good overall economical performance.