CN114036637B - Rapid design method of active cooling channel on complex curved surface - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid design method of an active cooling channel on a complex curved surface, and belongs to the technical field of aircraft design. Dividing and projecting the complex curved surface according to a certain rule to obtain an analog plane design unit and plane design constraint; according to the planar design constraint, carrying out design on a planar design unit to obtain a planar active cooling channel structure; projecting the planar design structure back to the curved surface by utilizing the similarity relationship to perfectly obtain a complex curved surface structure with an active cooling channel; and then the design result is checked by means of simulation, test and the like. The invention can improve the performance of the design structure, reduce the power consumption of the system, reduce the design difficulty, shorten the design period of the complex curved active cooling channel and effectively reduce the workload under the condition of meeting the design requirement of the curved surface structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aircraft design, and particularly relates to a rapid design method of an active cooling channel on a complex curved surface.
Background
With the increase of the flying speed, the influence of aerodynamic heat on the aircraft structure is increased, and even the long-time flying can cause the temperature of the structure to exceed the upper temperature resistant limit of the material, so that the flying has potential safety hazard. Under such operating conditions, conventional passive insulation has failed to meet structural operational requirements, and therefore active thermal protection should be employed. The micro-channel active cooling has the characteristics of high heat exchange efficiency, high heat sink utilization efficiency and the like, and has good application prospect.
Current designs for microchannel cooling have focused mainly on planar issues such as microchannel cold plates for high heat flow electronics cooling. For complex engine body structures, such as channel designs on irregular curved surfaces of nose cone curved surfaces, wing curved surfaces and the like, a simple and easy-to-process structure of a straight channel or a serpentine channel is often adopted. The active cooling structure obtained by the design method has a single form, and the influence of non-uniform heat flow on the structure cannot be considered, so that the working medium utilization efficiency and the energy consumption of the designed active cooling system are not ideal; if the structure is directly subjected to thermal load matching design, the workload and difficulty of structure drawing and performance simulation are very large, the design period can be greatly prolonged, and the scheme result needs multiple iterations.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the existing structure active cooling flow channel design method, the invention aims to solve the limitations of the existing complex curved surface active cooling flow channel design, and provides a rapid design method of an active cooling flow channel on a complex curved surface of an aircraft, so that the design scheme can meet the design boundary requirements of the actual non-uniform thermal load of the structure, has good running performance, and can greatly shorten the period of the design and development of the complex flow channel with the curved surface structure.
The technical scheme of the application is as follows:
a rapid design method of an active cooling channel on a complex curved surface comprises the following steps:
Step one: dividing the complex curved surface into a plurality of curved surface design units with approximate shape characteristics and approximate load distribution according to the shape characteristics of the complex curved surface and the thermal load distribution of the complex curved surface and a similarity principle; converting the curved surface design unit into a planar design unit by utilizing a projection/expansion mode, and obtaining equivalent thermal load distribution of the planar design unit to form planar design constraint of the analog curved surface;
Step two: according to the planar design constraint, combining a design thought and a design method of matching the cooling working medium with the thermal load, and developing an active cooling channel design on a planar design unit to obtain a planar design unit structure with the active cooling channel;
Step three: according to the similarity of the planar design unit and the curved surface design unit, combining the structural parameters (such as curvature) of the actual curved surface structure, and utilizing the planar design unit structure with the active cooling channel to obtain the curved surface design unit structure with the cooling channel by utilizing a projection and parameterization analogy mode; and reversely constructing the complex curved surface structure with the active cooling channel by utilizing the curved surface design unit structure with the cooling channel according to the process of dividing the curved surface design unit by the complex curved surface.
Step four: for the designed complex curved surface structure with the active cooling channel, the cooling performance of the design result is checked through means such as simulation and test; and optimizing the local design of the complex curved surface structure with the active cooling channel to obtain the final complex curved surface structure with the active cooling channel.
In the first step, the process of dividing the complex curved surface into a plurality of curved surface design units with approximate shape characteristics and approximate load distribution is as follows: based on the heat load distribution of the surface of the complex curved surface structure obtained by simulation or experiment, analyzing the regularity of the heat load distribution, dividing the structure into a plurality of curved surface design units with the same heat flow distribution and consistent structure shape.
In the first step, the equivalent thermal load distribution of the planar design unit is obtained by: the heat load distribution of the curved surface design unit is obtained by adopting the modes of maximum area projection, curvature expansion or formula fitting and the like.
In the first step, for a design with a complex curved structure of active cooling channels, no more than 2 planar design units with different thermal load distributions should be formed to prevent the design effort from increasing.
In the second step, the design of the planar design unit structure with the active cooling channels should fully take into account the non-uniformity of the thermal load distribution. The structural design comprises structural topology, bionic structure and other forms. The purpose and principle of the active cooling channel structure design are to realize the matching of the heat load and the cooling capacity, improve the utilization efficiency of the cooling working medium and reduce the energy consumption.
In the second step, the design of the planar design unit structure with the active cooling channel should fully consider the design constraint of the curved surface structure, including the physical properties, thermal properties, power consumption and mechanical bearing properties of the materials of the design structure.
In the second step, the planar design unit structure with the active cooling flow channel is designed to consider the overall rationality of the finally formed complex curved surface structure with the active cooling channel, namely, when the design units are connected, the cooling channels are reasonably arranged, the connection transition of the cooling channels is smooth, and the channels are uniformly distributed.
In the third step, the design of the curved surface design unit structure with the cooling channel is performed by using the planar design unit structure with the active cooling channel, including but not limited to the following ways: (1) Parameterizing the structural characteristics (length, angle and the like) of the planar active cooling channel, and parameterizing the curved surface structure; (2) Projecting the design result of the planar active cooling channel onto the curved surface unit by using a projection mode, and designing a flow channel structure; (3) And (5) performing analog design according to the design result of the active cooling channel of the corresponding plane by using the curved surface in a form of unfolding the curved surface according to the curvature.
In the fourth step, the verification method for the designed complex curved surface structure with the active cooling channel at least comprises one of the following steps: simulation analysis, test verification or construction machine verification.
In the fourth step, simulation verification is carried out on the designed complex curved surface structure with the active cooling channel, and the thermal load distribution constraint of the curved surface structure is adopted, but the thermal load constraint of plane analogy cannot be adopted.
When the design of the active cooling channel is carried out on a complex curved surface, the following advantages can be realized by adopting the design method provided by the invention:
1) Compared with the design result of a general structure with an active cooling channel (such as a snake shape, a reverse shape and the like), the structure with the active cooling channel obtained by the method has better heat exchange effect;
2) Compared with the design result of a general structure with an active cooling channel, the structure with the active cooling channel obtained by the method has higher cooling working medium utilization efficiency and lower energy consumption;
3) Compared with other design methods, the design flow and the design result established by the method have strong universality for structures with different shapes and different thermal load constraints, can form subsequent research methods/means/tools, and shorten the period of redevelopment;
4) Compared with a design method for directly developing channel design on a curved surface, the design method provided by the invention can save a great deal of research time and modeling and simulation workload under the condition that the structural performance meets the use requirement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for rapidly designing an active cooling channel with a complex curved surface in the invention.
FIG. 2 is a detailed flow chart of a nose cone curved active cooling channel design applied to an embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a structural curved surface of a nose cone according to an embodiment, wherein (a) is an outer surface view and (b) is a sectional view.
FIG. 4 is a simplified one-dimensional heat flow distribution diagram and a simplified heat flow distribution formula diagram in an embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a planar design unit formed by a process of developing a nose cone structure and a design in an embodiment, wherein (a) is a process of developing and (b) is a planar design unit formed by a design.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a fractal flow modeling process performed on a planar design unit.
FIG. 7 is a simulated temperature cloud of the process for parameter optimization design of planar active cooling channels in an embodiment.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of converting an active cooling channel designed by a planar unit into a curved surface of a three-dimensional nose cone structure by using a projection mode in an embodiment.
Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a designed nose cone active cooling channel structure in an embodiment.
Fig. 10 is a temperature cloud image of simulation analysis of a designed nose cone active cooling channel structure in an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a rapid design method of an active cooling channel on a complex curved surface, which is used for developing the design of an active cooling structure of a typical part of an aircraft. The basic flow of the design method is shown in fig. 1. In this embodiment, the design method provided by the invention is adopted to design an aircraft nose cone structure with an active cooling channel. The detailed design flow chart employed in the examples is shown in fig. 2. The design process of the active cooling channel structure according to the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.
Step one, a model of a nose cone curved surface is obtained, and constraints of structural design are determined. In an embodiment, the model of the nose cone surface is shown in fig. 3, while other constraints (materials of construction, temperature ranges for use of the structure) are determined. And then, carrying out aerodynamic thermal simulation on the head cone structure to obtain thermal load constraint. According to the distribution rule that the heat load of the nose cone structure is large near the head and small far away from the head, the heat flow distribution is simplified into one-dimensional in the direction of flight, and the heat flow distribution form is shown in fig. 4. The heat flow distribution is further approximated to be in a functional form, and the relation between the heat flow Q of the outer surface of the nose cone and the coordinate position is established as follows:
wherein X represents the distance from any point on the nose cone structure to the top point of the forefront end of the nose cone in the direction along the nose cone (the flight direction of the airplane).
According to the heat flow boundary condition distribution characteristics of the nose cone curved surface structure and the shape characteristics of the nose cone approximate cone in fig. 4, the nose cone complex curved surface structure is divided into a plurality of identical curved surface design units approximate to a sector; and converting the curved surface design unit into a fan-shaped planar design unit by analogy of the curved surface and the plane, as shown in (b) of fig. 5.
And secondly, designing a planar design unit structure with an active cooling channel on the planar unit. In the embodiment, on the basis of the determined fan-shaped plane design unit and heat load distribution, the flow channel design of the fractal structure is developed, namely, according to the characteristics of large heat load, small structural width, small heat load and large structural width of the narrow side of the fan-shaped curved surface, a single wide flow channel is arranged on the narrow side, and the flow channels 1,2 and 4 are divided along the gradual widening of the fan shape, so that a cooling working medium flows into the wide side from the narrow side to flow out, the matching of the cooling capacity of the cooling working medium and the heat load is realized, the modeling process of the fractal flow channel under the fan-shaped plane design unit is shown in fig. 6, and key parameters of the flow channel of the fractal structure are extracted. In order to enable the designed structure to have good performance meeting the design requirement, the simplified thermal load constraint and other constraints in the first step are used as conditions, simulation analysis and simulation result performance comparison are carried out on channel structures with different structure key parameters, and optimal parameters are selected to obtain the simulation structure with optimal performance. Taking the grading ratio as an example, the simulated temperature distribution of the structure under different grading ratios is shown in fig. 7.
And thirdly, designing a nose cone curved surface structure with the active cooling channel by using a plane design unit structure with the active cooling channel. In the embodiment, the structural surface is used as a reference surface, the arc curvatures of different areas are divided and sorted, and the design result of the active cooling channel of the planar unit is projected onto the conical surface of the head, as shown in fig. 8. And according to the inlet and outlet design requirements, designing the inlet and outlet of the active cooling channel of the nose cone, and combining the design result of the active cooling channel of the curved surface to form a complete nose cone structure with the active cooling channel, as shown in figure 9.
And step four, performing simulation analysis and calculation on the designed nose cone structure with the active cooling channel according to the provided thermal load constraint, verifying that the design result meets the design requirement, and analyzing the system performance under different operation conditions. The structural temperature distribution for steady state operation under the thermal load constraints of the surface heat flow Q referred to hereinabove is shown in fig. 10.
The active cooling structure obtained by the channel design method in the embodiment has good operation effect, and the problem of over-temperature of the structure caused by aerodynamic heat is effectively solved. Meanwhile, the designed structure has good temperature distribution, and the utilization efficiency of the cooling working medium is higher. The method is used for designing the complex curved surface active cooling channel, so that the design difficulty is effectively reduced, the design period is shortened, design simulation software is formed, and the subsequent rapid design capability is formed.
The foregoing is only one specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes and substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention should be covered in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. The rapid design method of the active cooling channel on the complex curved surface is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step one: dividing the complex curved surface into a plurality of curved surface design units with approximate shape characteristics and approximate load distribution according to the shape characteristics of the complex curved surface and the thermal load distribution of the complex curved surface and a similarity principle; converting the curved surface design unit into a planar design unit by utilizing a projection/expansion mode, and obtaining equivalent thermal load distribution of the planar design unit to form planar design constraint of the analog curved surface;
The complex curved surface is an aircraft nose cone curved surface; according to the distribution rule that the heat load of the nose cone curved surface is large near the head and small far away from the head, simplifying the heat load into one-dimensional heat flow distribution along the flight direction; the heat flow distribution is further approximated to a function form, and the relation between the heat flow Q of the outer surface of the nose cone and the coordinate position is established;
Dividing the nose cone curved surface structure into a plurality of same similar fan-shaped curved surface design units according to the heat flow boundary condition distribution characteristics of the nose cone curved surface structure and the shape characteristics of the nose cone similar cone; converting the curved surface design unit into a fan-shaped planar design unit by using a curved surface and plane analogy mode;
Step two: according to the planar design constraint, combining a design thought and a design method of matching the cooling working medium with the thermal load, and developing an active cooling channel design on a planar design unit to obtain a planar design unit structure with the active cooling channel; based on the determined fan-shaped plane design unit and the thermal load distribution, developing the flow channel design of the fractal structure: according to the characteristics of large narrow-side heat load, small structural width, small wide-side heat load and large structural width of the fan-shaped curved surface, arranging a single wide flow channel on the narrow side, and dividing the flow channel into 1 part and 2 parts and 4 parts along the gradual widening of the fan shape, so that a cooling working medium flows in from the narrow side and flows out from the wide side;
Step three: according to the similarity of the planar design unit and the curved surface design unit, combining the structural parameters of the actual curved surface structure, and utilizing the planar design unit structure with the active cooling channel to design the curved surface design unit structure with the cooling channel in a projection and parameterization analogy mode; according to the process of dividing curved surface design units by complex curved surfaces, reversely constructing a complex curved surface structure with an active cooling channel by utilizing a curved surface design unit structure with a cooling channel;
Step four: checking the cooling performance of the design result through a simulation and test mode for the complex curved surface structure with the active cooling channel; and optimizing the local design of the complex curved surface structure with the active cooling channel to obtain the final complex curved surface structure with the active cooling channel.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the planar design unit structure with the active cooling channel is designed to take into account the non-uniformity of the thermal load distribution; the structural design comprises structural topology and a bionic structural form; the purpose and principle of the active cooling channel structure design are to realize the matching of the heat load and the cooling capacity, improve the utilization efficiency of the cooling working medium and reduce the energy consumption.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the planar design unit structure with the active cooling channel is designed taking into consideration design constraints of the curved surface structure, including physical properties, thermal properties, power consumption, and mechanical load-bearing properties of the material of the design structure.
4. The method for rapidly designing an active cooling channel on a complex curved surface according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the designed planar design unit structure with the active cooling channel makes the design reasonable considering the overall rationality of the finally formed complex curved surface structure with the active cooling channel, namely, when the design units are connected, the cooling channels should be reasonably arranged, the connection transition of the cooling channels is smooth, and the distribution of the channels is uniform.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the curved surface design unit structure with cooling channels is obtained by using the planar design unit structure with active cooling channels, including but not limited to the following ways: (1) Parameterizing the structural characteristics of the planar active cooling channel, and parameterizing the curved surface structure; (2) Projecting the design result of the planar active cooling channel onto the curved surface unit by using a projection mode, and designing a flow channel structure; (3) And (5) performing analog design according to the design result of the active cooling channel of the corresponding plane by using the curved surface in a form of unfolding the curved surface according to the curvature.
6. The method for rapidly designing an active cooling channel on a complex curved surface according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the verification method for the designed complex curved surface structure with the active cooling channel should at least comprise one of the following: simulation analysis, test verification or construction machine verification.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, simulation verification is performed on the designed complex curved surface structure with the active cooling channel, and the thermal load distribution constraint of the curved surface structure is adopted, but the thermal load constraint of plane analogy cannot be adopted.
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