CN114036637A - Rapid design method for active cooling channel on complex curved surface - Google Patents
Rapid design method for active cooling channel on complex curved surface Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid design method of an active cooling channel on a complex curved surface, and belongs to the technical field of airplane design. Carrying out segmentation projection on the complex curved surface according to a certain rule to obtain an analog plane design unit and plane design constraint; according to the plane design constraint, carrying out design on a plane design unit to obtain a plane active cooling channel structure; projecting the plane design structure back to the curved surface by utilizing the similarity relation, and perfecting to obtain a complex curved surface structure with an active cooling channel; and verifying the design result through means of simulation, test and the like. The invention can improve the performance of the design structure, reduce the power consumption of the system, reduce the design difficulty, shorten the design period of the active cooling channel of the complex curved surface and effectively reduce the workload under the condition of meeting the design requirement of the curved surface structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of airplane design, and particularly relates to a rapid design method of an active cooling channel on a complex curved surface.
Background
Along with the increase of flying speed, the influence that aerodynamic heat brought the aircraft structure increases, and long-time flight can even cause the temperature of structure to exceed the temperature resistant upper limit of material, makes the flight appear the potential safety hazard. Under such working conditions, the traditional passive heat insulation can not meet the use requirements of the structure, so active heat protection measures should be taken. The micro-channel active cooling has the characteristics of high heat exchange efficiency, high heat sink utilization efficiency and the like, and has a good application prospect.
Current designs for microchannel cooling focus primarily on planar issues, such as microchannel cold plates for cooling high-heat-flow electronic devices. For the channel design on the complex machine body structure, such as the special-shaped curved surface like the nose cone curved surface and the wing curved surface, a simple and easy-to-process structure of a straight channel or a snake-shaped channel is often adopted. The active cooling structure obtained by the design method is single in form, and the influence of non-uniform heat flow on the structure cannot be considered, so that the working medium utilization efficiency and the energy consumption of the designed active cooling system are not ideal; if the structure is directly subjected to the heat load matching design, the workload and the difficulty of structure drawing and performance simulation are very large, the design period can be greatly prolonged, and the scheme result needs multiple iterations.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the existing design method of the structure active cooling channel, the invention aims to solve the design limitation of the existing complex curved surface active cooling channel, and provides a rapid design method of the active cooling channel on the complex curved surface of the airplane, so that the design scheme can meet the design boundary requirement of the actual non-uniform thermal load of the structure, has good operation performance, and can greatly shorten the design and development period of the complex curved surface structure channel.
The technical scheme of the application is as follows:
a rapid design method of an active cooling channel on a complex curved surface comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: dividing the complex curved surface into a plurality of curved surface design units with approximate shape characteristics and approximate load distribution according to the shape characteristics of the complex curved surface and the heat load distribution of the complex curved surface and a similarity principle; converting the curved surface design unit into a plane design unit by using a projection/expansion mode, and obtaining equivalent heat load distribution of the plane design unit to form plane design constraint similar to a curved surface;
step two: according to the plane design constraint, by combining the design idea and the design method of matching the cooling working medium and the heat load, developing the design of an active cooling channel on a plane design unit to obtain a plane design unit structure with the active cooling channel;
step three: according to the similarity between the plane design unit and the curved surface design unit, combining the structure parameters (such as curvature) of the actual curved surface structure, and designing the structure of the plane design unit with the active cooling channel by using a projection and parametric analogy mode to obtain the curved surface design unit structure with the cooling channel; and according to the process of dividing the curved surface design units according to the complex curved surface, reversely constructing the complex curved surface structure with the active cooling channel by using the curved surface design unit structure with the cooling channel.
Step four: checking the cooling performance of a design result of the designed complex curved surface structure with the active cooling channel by means of simulation, test and the like; and optimizing the local design of the complex curved surface structure with the active cooling channel to obtain the final complex curved surface structure with the active cooling channel.
In the first step, the process of dividing the complex curved surface into a plurality of curved surface design units with approximate shape characteristics and approximate load distribution is as follows: the method comprises the steps of analyzing the regularity of the distribution of heat load based on the heat load distribution of the surface of a complex curved surface structure obtained through simulation or test, and dividing the structure into a plurality of curved surface design units with the same heat flow distribution and consistent structure shapes.
In the first step, the obtaining mode of the equivalent heat load distribution of the planar design unit is as follows: the heat load distribution of the curved surface design unit is obtained by adopting the forms of maximum area projection, curvature expansion or formula fitting and the like.
In step one, for a design with a complex curved surface structure of active cooling channels, the number of planar design units with different heat load distributions formed should not exceed 2, so as to prevent the increase of the design workload.
In the second step, the design of the planar design unit structure with the active cooling channel should fully consider the nonuniformity of the heat load distribution. The structural design of the device comprises structural topology, bionic structure and other forms. The purpose and principle of the active cooling channel structure design are to realize the matching of heat load and cooling capacity, improve the utilization efficiency of cooling working media and reduce energy consumption.
In the second step, the design of the planar design unit structure with the active cooling channel should fully consider the design constraints of the curved surface structure, including material physical properties, thermal properties, power consumption and mechanical bearing properties of the design structure.
In the second step, the designed planar design unit structure with the active cooling flow channel ensures that the overall reasonability of the finally formed complex curved surface structure with the active cooling channel is considered, namely when the design units are connected, the cooling channel is reasonably arranged, the connection transition of the cooling channel is smooth, and the channel distribution is uniform.
In step three, the design of the planar design unit structure with active cooling channels is used to obtain the curved design unit structure with cooling channels, including but not limited to the following: (1) parameterizing structural features (length, angle and the like) of the planar active cooling channel, and carrying out parametric design on a curved surface structure; (2) projecting the design result of the planar active cooling channel onto the curved surface unit by using a projection mode, and designing a flow channel structure; (3) the design result of the active cooling channel corresponding to the plane is designed in an analog mode by utilizing the mode that the curved surface is unfolded according to the curvature.
In the fourth step, the method for verifying the designed complex curved surface structure with the active cooling channel at least comprises one of the following steps: simulation analysis, test verification or structural installation verification.
In the fourth step, the simulation verification of the designed complex curved surface structure with the active cooling channel adopts the heat load distribution constraint of the curved surface structure, but cannot adopt the heat load constraint of plane analogy.
When the design of the active cooling channel is carried out on the complex curved surface, the design method provided by the invention can realize the following advantages:
1) compared with the design result of a common structure with an active cooling channel (such as a snake shape, a zigzag shape and the like), the structure with the active cooling channel obtained by the method has better heat exchange effect;
2) compared with the design result of a general structure with an active cooling channel, the structure with the active cooling channel obtained by the method has higher utilization efficiency of the cooling working medium and lower energy consumption;
3) compared with other design methods, the design flow and the design result established by the method have strong universality for structures with different shapes and different heat load constraints, and can form a subsequent research method/means/tool to shorten the cycle of redevelopment;
4) compared with a design method for directly developing channel design on a curved surface, the design method provided by the invention can save a large amount of research time and workload of modeling and simulation under the condition of ensuring that the structural performance meets the use requirement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for rapidly designing an active cooling channel with a complex curved surface according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a detailed flow diagram of a nose cone curved active cooling channel design as applied to an embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a structural curved surface of a nose cone in an embodiment, wherein (a) is an outer surface view and (b) is a sectional view.
Fig. 4 is a simplified one-dimensional heat flow distribution diagram and a simplified heat flow distribution formula diagram in the embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the process of unfolding the nose cone structure and designing the formed planar design unit in the embodiment, in which (a) is the process of unfolding and (b) is the planar design unit formed by designing.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a fractal flow channel modeling process performed on a planar design unit.
FIG. 7 is a simulated temperature cloud during the design of the planar active cooling channel for parameter optimization in the example.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the surface transformation of the active cooling channel designed by the planar unit to the three-dimensional head cone structure by using the projection form in the embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a nose cone active cooling channel structure designed in accordance with an embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a temperature cloud diagram of a simulation analysis of a designed nose cone active cooling channel structure in an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a rapid design method of an active cooling channel on a complex curved surface, which is used for developing the active cooling structure design of a typical part of an airplane. The basic flow of the design method is shown in fig. 1. In this embodiment, an aircraft nose cone structure with an active cooling channel is designed by using the design method provided by the invention. The detailed design flow chart adopted in the example is shown in fig. 2. The design process of the active cooling channel structure according to the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Step one, obtaining a model of the conical surface of the head, and determining the constraint of structural design. In an embodiment, a model of the nose cone surface is shown in FIG. 3, while other constraints (materials of construction, structural use temperature range) are determined. And then performing pneumatic thermal simulation on the head cone structure to obtain the thermal load constraint of the head cone structure. According to the distribution rule that the heat load of the nose cone structure is large when being close to the head and small when being far away from the head, the heat load is simplified into one-dimensional heat flow distribution along the flight direction, and the heat flow distribution form is shown in figure 4. The heat flow distribution is further approximated to a functional form, and the relationship between the heat flow Q on the outer surface of the nose cone and the coordinate position is established as follows:
Dividing the complex curved surface structure of the nose cone into a plurality of same approximate fan-shaped curved surface design units according to the heat flow boundary condition distribution characteristics of the curved surface structure of the nose cone in the figure 4 and the shape characteristics of the approximate cone of the nose cone; and the curved surface design unit is converted into a fan-shaped planar design unit by using the curved surface and planar surface analogy method, as shown in (b) of fig. 5.
And step two, designing a plane design unit structure with an active cooling channel on the plane unit. In the embodiment, based on the determined fan-shaped plane design unit and the heat load distribution, the flow channel design of the fractal structure is developed, namely, according to the characteristics of large heat load at the narrow edge, small structure width, small heat load at the wide edge and large structure width of the fan-shaped curved surface, a single wide flow channel is arranged at the narrow edge, and the flow channels are divided into 2 and 2 into 4 along the fan-shaped gradual widening, so that the cooling working medium flows into the wide edge from the narrow edge and flows out, the matching of the cooling capacity of the cooling working medium and the heat load is realized, the modeling process of the fractal flow channel under the fan-shaped plane design unit is shown in figure 6, and the key parameters of the flow channel of the parting structure are extracted. In order to enable the designed structure to have good performance meeting the design requirement, the simplified thermal load constraint and other constraints in the step one are used as conditions, simulation analysis and simulation result performance comparison are carried out on the channel structures with different structure key parameters, the optimal parameters are selected, and the simulation structure with the optimal performance is obtained. For the grading ratio, the temperature distribution of the structure simulation at different grading ratios is shown in fig. 7.
And step three, designing a conical curved surface structure with the active cooling channel by using a planar design unit structure with the active cooling channel. In the embodiment, the structural surface is used as a reference surface, the arc curvatures of different areas are segmented and sorted, and the design result of the active cooling channel of the planar unit is projected onto the conical surface of the head, as shown in fig. 8. According to the design requirements of the inlet and the outlet, the inlet and the outlet of the nose cone active cooling channel are designed, and the design result of the curved surface active cooling channel is combined to form a complete nose cone structure with the active cooling channel, as shown in fig. 9.
And step four, carrying out simulation analysis calculation on the designed nose cone structure with the active cooling channel according to the provided heat load constraint, verifying that the design result meets the design requirement, and analyzing the system performance under different operating conditions. The structure temperature profile for steady state operation under the heat load constraint of the surface heat flow Q referred to above is shown in fig. 10.
The active cooling structure obtained by the channel design method in the embodiment has a good operation effect, and the problem of structural overtemperature caused by aerodynamic heat is effectively solved. Meanwhile, the designed structure has good temperature distribution, and the utilization efficiency of the cooling working medium is higher. The method is used for designing the active cooling channel with the complex curved surface, so that the design difficulty is effectively reduced, the design period is shortened, design simulation software is formed, and the subsequent rapid design capability is formed.
The above description is only one embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes and substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A rapid design method for an active cooling channel on a complex curved surface is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: dividing the complex curved surface into a plurality of curved surface design units with approximate shape characteristics and approximate load distribution according to the shape characteristics of the complex curved surface and the heat load distribution of the complex curved surface and a similarity principle; converting the curved surface design unit into a plane design unit by using a projection/expansion mode, and obtaining equivalent heat load distribution of the plane design unit to form plane design constraint similar to a curved surface;
step two: according to the plane design constraint, by combining the design idea and the design method of matching the cooling working medium and the heat load, developing the design of an active cooling channel on a plane design unit to obtain a plane design unit structure with the active cooling channel;
step three: according to the similarity between the plane design unit and the curved surface design unit, combining the structural parameters of the actual curved surface structure, and using the projection and parametric analogy mode to design the plane design unit structure with the active cooling channel to obtain the curved surface design unit structure with the cooling channel; according to the process of dividing the curved surface design units according to the complex curved surface, reversely constructing a complex curved surface structure with an active cooling channel by using a curved surface design unit structure with the cooling channel;
step four: checking the cooling performance of a design result of the designed complex curved surface structure with the active cooling channel in a simulation and test mode; and optimizing the local design of the complex curved surface structure with the active cooling channel to obtain the final complex curved surface structure with the active cooling channel.
2. The method for rapidly designing the active cooling channel on the complex curved surface according to claim 1, wherein in the step one, the process of dividing the complex curved surface into a plurality of curved surface design units with approximate shape characteristics and approximate load distribution is as follows: the method comprises the steps of analyzing the regularity of the distribution of heat load based on the heat load distribution of the surface of a complex curved surface structure obtained through simulation or test, and dividing the structure into a plurality of curved surface design units with the same heat flow distribution and consistent structure shapes.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step one, the equivalent heat load distribution of the planar design unit is obtained by: the heat load distribution of the curved surface design unit is obtained by adopting a maximum area projection, curvature expansion or formula fitting form.
4. The method for rapidly designing an active cooling channel on a complex curved surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step one, for a design of a complex curved surface structure with active cooling channels, the number of planar design units with different heat load distributions formed should not exceed 2, so as to prevent increasing the design workload.
5. The method for rapidly designing the active cooling channel on the complex curved surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the design of the planar design unit structure with the active cooling channel should take the nonuniformity of the heat load distribution into consideration; the structural design comprises structural topology and a bionic structural form; the purpose and principle of the active cooling channel structure design are to realize the matching of heat load and cooling capacity, improve the utilization efficiency of cooling working media and reduce energy consumption.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step two, the design of the planar design unit structure with active cooling channels should take into account design constraints of the curved surface structure, including material physical properties, thermal properties, power consumption, and mechanical load-bearing properties of the design structure.
7. The method for rapidly designing the active cooling channel on the complex curved surface according to the claim 1, wherein in the second step, the designed planar design unit structure with the active cooling channel ensures that the overall rationality of the finally formed complex curved surface structure with the active cooling channel is considered, namely, when the design units are connected, the cooling channels are reasonably arranged, the connection transition of the cooling channels is smooth, and the channels are uniformly distributed.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein in step three, the design of the curved design unit structure with cooling channels is designed by using a planar design unit structure with active cooling channels, including but not limited to the following: (1) parameterizing the structural characteristics of the planar active cooling channel, and carrying out parametric design on a curved surface structure; (2) projecting the design result of the planar active cooling channel onto the curved surface unit by using a projection mode, and designing a flow channel structure; (3) the design result of the active cooling channel corresponding to the plane is designed in an analog mode by utilizing the mode that the curved surface is unfolded according to the curvature.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the step four comprises at least one of the following steps: simulation analysis, test verification or structural installation verification.
10. The method for rapidly designing an active cooling channel on a complex curved surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, simulation verification is performed on the designed complex curved surface structure with the active cooling channel, and the thermal load distribution constraint of the curved surface structure is adopted, but the thermal load constraint of the plane analogy cannot be adopted.
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