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CN114028651A - Infusion monitoring system and method capable of identifying basic infusion based on conductivity detection - Google Patents

Infusion monitoring system and method capable of identifying basic infusion based on conductivity detection Download PDF

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CN114028651A
CN114028651A CN202111551832.9A CN202111551832A CN114028651A CN 114028651 A CN114028651 A CN 114028651A CN 202111551832 A CN202111551832 A CN 202111551832A CN 114028651 A CN114028651 A CN 114028651A
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infusion
electrode
module
excitation
mcu
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CN114028651B (en
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曹成喜
唐仲乐
刘伟文
张强
戴皓正
张瑞华
刘小平
季伟宸
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Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
    • A61M5/168—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body
    • A61M5/16831—Monitoring, detecting, signalling or eliminating infusion flow anomalies
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
    • A61M5/168—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body
    • A61M5/16831—Monitoring, detecting, signalling or eliminating infusion flow anomalies
    • A61M5/1684—Monitoring, detecting, signalling or eliminating infusion flow anomalies by detecting the amount of infusate remaining, e.g. signalling end of infusion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
    • A61M5/168—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body
    • A61M5/16886—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body for measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. flowmeters
    • A61M5/1689—Drip counters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/18—General characteristics of the apparatus with alarm
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
    • A61M2205/3331—Pressure; Flow
    • A61M2205/3334—Measuring or controlling the flow rate

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种基于电导检测可识别基础输液的输液监测系统及方法，该系统包括基础输液种类识别装置、滴速监测装置、交流激励源、MCU以及与MCU无线通信的监测服务器，所述的基础输液种类识别装置包括设置在输液上管路或下管路外壁上的第一传感组件，所述的滴速监测装置包括设置在滴壶外壁上的第二传感组件，所述的交流激励源分别与第一传感组件和第二传感组件连接用以施加激励电压，所述的MCU分别与第一传感组件和第二传感组件连接，通过采集到的信号进行处理实现基础输液种类识别和滴速监测及辅助异常报警。与现有技术相比，本发明具有可识别基础输液种类，系统可复用、安装简单、成本低并可实现远程监护等优点。

Figure 202111551832

The invention relates to an infusion monitoring system and method that can identify basic infusion based on conductometric detection. The system includes a basic infusion type identification device, a drip speed monitoring device, an AC excitation source, an MCU and a monitoring server that communicates wirelessly with the MCU. The basic infusion type identification device includes a first sensing component arranged on the outer wall of the upper or lower infusion pipeline, and the dripping speed monitoring device includes a second sensing component arranged on the outer wall of the drip pot. The excitation source is respectively connected with the first sensing component and the second sensing component to apply the excitation voltage, the MCU is connected with the first sensing component and the second sensing component respectively, and the acquired signal is processed to realize the basic Infusion type identification and drip rate monitoring and auxiliary abnormal alarm. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages of identifying basic infusion types, reusable system, simple installation, low cost, and remote monitoring.

Figure 202111551832

Description

Infusion monitoring system and method capable of identifying basic infusion based on conductivity detection
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of medical monitoring equipment, in particular to an infusion monitoring system and method capable of identifying basic infusion based on conductivity detection.
Background
Infusion is one of the most common treatment means in medicine, and is widely applied to hospital wards, when infusion is prepared, medical staff need to check whether medicines used for infusion and basic infusion are used correctly, the situation that basic infusion is used wrongly or bagged wrongly occurs, physiological damage is caused to patients and economic loss is caused, in the infusion process, the patients are required to observe or the medical staff are required to patrol the infusion state by themselves to prevent the problems such as abnormal dropping speed and the like from causing damage to the patients, the working strength of the medical staff is increased, the rest of the patients is not facilitated, and the technical scheme aiming at intelligent infusion monitoring at present mainly utilizes a photoelectric sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, mechanical weighing, a capacitive sensor and a multi-sensor to be fused for infusion monitoring.
In the prior art, the technical scheme of utilizing a photoelectric sensor generally uses an infrared correlation tube to measure the infusion dropping speed or the liquid level, the infrared transmitting tube and a receiving tube are generally arranged at two sides of a dropping kettle for dropping speed monitoring, when the liquid drops are dripped, the receiving tube circuit outputs counting pulses, and monitors whether the dripping speed of the transfusion is abnormal or not through counting, for example, chinese patent CN209848016U discloses a monitoring device and a monitoring system for intravenous infusion, the scheme for measuring the liquid level is that an infrared transmitting tube and a receiving tube are arranged at the positions of a pipeline, a drip cup or an infusion bottle and the like, and judges whether the liquid level is lower than the alarm liquid level limit according to whether liquid exists at the measuring position, for example, Chinese patent CN110743063B discloses an infusion liquid level lower limit judging algorithm based on an infusion nursing device, however, the photoelectric sensor is not suitable for the liquid medicine to be transfused in a dark place, and may be interfered by light.
In the prior art, ultrasonic sensing is generally used for measuring flow velocity, and the flow can be calculated through the time difference of a sound beam in forward flow and backward flow, so as to obtain the flow velocity, for example, an intelligent infusion apparatus of Chinese patent CN 210078482U; the infusion is judged whether to finish by measuring whether liquid exists in the pipeline, such as a hospital infusion real-time infusion monitor of Chinese patent CN212262061U, but the ultrasonic sensor mainly has the problems of high cost, large volume and difficulty in wide popularization.
In the prior art, some technical schemes use a mechanical weighing mode, adopt a tension or pressure sensor to measure the weight of an infusion bag for margin monitoring and alarm when the weight is lower than a lower limit, and also adopt a scheme of indirectly calculating the dropping speed based on the detected weight, for example, Chinese patent CN204543124U discloses an intelligent remote infusion information monitoring instrument and a monitoring system thereof, but the main problems of the mechanical weighing method are that a measuring device is complex, the function is single and the sensitivity is low.
In the prior art, a scheme based on capacitance sensing is adopted, generally, capacitance change caused by different dielectric constants of water and air is utilized to measure liquid level or dropping speed, and a scheme for measuring dropping speed is generally used for monitoring the dropping frequency of liquid drops through a pulse signal generated based on capacitance change, for example, a liquid dropping speed monitoring technology disclosed in chinese patent CN102526837B, wherein the scheme for measuring liquid level is to measure whether liquid is in the liquid level or in the pipeline through a capacitance electrode arranged at a specific position in the pipeline; there is also a scheme for monitoring information such as dropping speed and liquid level simultaneously, for example, the infusion flow monitor disclosed in chinese patent CN205903494U is based on differential capacitance to monitor, and can selectively monitor liquid level and dropping speed.
In addition, a multi-sensor fusion mode is adopted in the scheme, and the accuracy of judging the infusion process is improved by combining the measurement results of different sensors, for example, a wireless infusion monitoring system and a monitoring method based on multi-sensor fusion disclosed by Chinese patent CN105771033B adopts the combination of mechanical weighing and a photoelectric sensor, and the measurement error of the flow speed is reduced based on a Kalman filtering algorithm; also, for example, the automatic control transfusion alarm device disclosed in chinese patent CN213852489U can more accurately determine different abnormal states during transfusion by simultaneously monitoring the flow rate and the bubbles in the pipeline,
in summary, most of the existing solutions mainly focus on monitoring the infusion process, such as by detecting the dropping speed, the remaining amount, etc. of the infusion, and analyzing the remaining time of the infusion or whether the infusion is finished based on these data, chinese patent CN111375103B proposes an intravenous infusion safety monitoring device, which adopts a spectral analysis method to identify the type of the liquid medicine in the transparent solution, but this solution device is complex and high in cost, and is not suitable for being used in a common infusion scene, and chinese patent CN207545567U proposes a solution for determining the type of the liquid medicine based on color difference turbidity, which can determine whether the liquid medicine is going bad or discolored, but may be affected by ambient light, and cannot perform type determination for colorless or same-color solutions.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to overcoming the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and providing a system and method for monitoring infusion that can identify a base infusion based on conductance detection.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an infusion monitoring system based on discernment basis infusion is detected to conductance, this system include basic infusion kind recognition device, drip fast monitoring devices, exchange excitation source, MCU and with MCU wireless communication's monitoring server, basic infusion kind recognition device including set up the infusion on pipeline or the first sensing subassembly of lower pipeline outer wall, drip fast monitoring devices including setting up the second sensing subassembly on dripping the kettle outer wall, exchange the excitation source be connected with first sensing subassembly and second sensing subassembly respectively and be used for exerting excitation voltage, MCU be connected with first sensing subassembly and second sensing subassembly respectively, handle through the signal of gathering and realize basic infusion kind discernment and drip fast monitoring and supplementary unusual warning.
The first sensing assembly is composed of a first sensing unit and a first concave module, the first sensing unit comprises a first shielding electrode, a first excitation electrode and a first receiving electrode, the inner side of the first shielding electrode is tightly attached to the arc-shaped inner wall of the first concave module, the outer side of the first shielding electrode covers a first insulating layer, the first excitation electrode and the first receiving electrode are arranged on the first insulating layer in parallel, the first excitation electrode is connected with an alternating current excitation source through an excitation amplifying module, the first receiving electrode is connected with an MCU through a control analog switch, an I/V conversion and rectification module and an ADC in sequence, the first concave module is a square fixture block with a vertical arc-shaped groove, and after the first concave module is sleeved on the outer wall of an upper pipeline or a lower pipeline, the first excitation electrode and the first receiving electrode are tightly attached to the outer wall of the upper pipeline or the outer wall of the lower pipeline.
The first excitation electrode and the first receiving electrode are both in a strip shape and are perpendicular to the bus direction of the upper pipeline or the lower pipeline.
The second sensing assembly is composed of a second sensing unit and a second concave module, the second sensing unit comprises a second shielding electrode, a second excitation electrode and a second receiving electrode, the inner side of the second shielding electrode is tightly attached to the arc-shaped inner wall of the second concave module, the outer side of the second shielding electrode covers a second insulating layer, and the second excitation electrode and the second receiving electrode are arranged on the second insulating layer in parallel respectively.
The second excitation electrode and the second receiving electrode are both in a strip shape and are arranged in parallel or perpendicular to the direction of a bus of the drip cup.
A transfusion monitoring method capable of identifying basic transfusion based on conductivity detection comprises the following steps:
1) before infusion starts, infusion data are transmitted to the MCU from the monitoring server, basic infusion type information is displayed on the display and alarm module, when infusion starts, the MCU controls the analog switch to process a signal output from the first sensing assembly, the signal is converted into a direct-current voltage signal through the I/V conversion and rectification module, then the direct-current voltage signal is connected to the ADC for digitalization and is sent to the MCU, the MCU calculates the conductivity of a solution according to the digitalized signal, and further identifies the basic infusion type of liquid flowing through an infusion pipeline, and if the detected basic infusion type is not consistent with the basic infusion type of the monitoring server, an alarm is given;
2) when the transfusion is continued, the MCU controls the analog switch to process a signal output from the second sensing assembly, the signal is converted into a direct-current voltage signal through the I/V conversion and rectification module, the direct-current voltage signal is converted into a pulse signal through the amplification and shaping module and then is sent to the MCU, the MCU judges whether liquid drops drop or not according to the received pulse signal and counts, the progress state of the transfusion is obtained according to the dropping condition of the liquid drops, meanwhile, the wireless module transmits the transfusion progress information to the monitoring server for storage, and a patient, medical personnel and relatives access the monitoring server through the terminal equipment to check the transfusion progress information;
3) when the liquid drops stop dropping within the set time, the MCU controls the analog switch to process signals output by the first sensing assembly and the second sensing assembly in a time-sharing mode, the MCU judges whether the transfusion is finished or abnormally interrupted according to the signals, and simultaneously alarms on the display and alarm module and transmits the information to the monitoring server to refresh the transfusion process information, and at the moment, medical personnel and relatives visit the monitoring server on the terminal equipment and check the transfusion process or alarm information.
In the step 1), the detection of the type of the basic infusion specifically comprises the following steps:
11) constructing a first equivalent circuit of a first sensing unit, wherein the first equivalent circuit comprises a first capacitor, a first resistor and a second capacitor which are sequentially connected in series, the first capacitor is formed by coupling a first excitation electrode and the inner wall of a transfusion pipeline, the second capacitor is formed by coupling a first receiving electrode and the inner wall of the transfusion pipeline, and the first resistor is specifically the equivalent resistance of a solution between the first excitation electrode and the first receiving electrode;
12) calculating a current signal i output by the first receiving electrode according to the first equivalent circuitRThen, there are:
Figure BDA0003417908880000041
wherein v isiFor the signal voltage applied to the first excitation electrode, j is the imaginary unit, ω is the excitation angular frequency of the AC excitation source, C1Is a first capacitor, C2Is a second capacitor, and R is a first resistor;
13) will current signal iRThe direct current voltage signal V is converted by the I/V conversion and rectification module, and the solution conductivity is calculated according to the direct current voltage signal V, so that the following steps are provided:
Figure BDA0003417908880000042
k is a coefficient related to excitation voltage and amplifier parameters, Q is a parameter related to electrode length, electrode spacing and pipeline inner wall radius, sigma is solution conductivity, and C is a series equivalent capacitance of a first capacitor and a second capacitor;
14) conversion of solution conductivity sigma into a standard temperature T taking into account the effect of temperature on solution conductivity0Conductivity of0And based on the above, the type of the basic infusion, the standard temperature T0Conductivity of0The relationship with the solution conductivity σ at temperature T is:
Figure BDA0003417908880000051
wherein α is the temperature coefficient of the solution at the standard temperature.
In step 11), the change of the first resistance R is only related to the conductivity of the solution, and then:
Figure BDA0003417908880000052
where d is the distance between the first excitation electrode and the receiving electrode, l1Is the length of the first excitation electrode，l2Is the length of the first receiving electrode, and r is the inner radius of the infusion pipeline.
In the step 2), the droplet monitoring specifically comprises the following steps:
21) a second equivalent circuit of the second sensing unit is constructed, the second equivalent circuit comprises a third capacitor, a fourth capacitor and a fifth capacitor which are sequentially connected in series, the third capacitor is formed by coupling a second excitation electrode and the inner wall of the drip cup, the fifth capacitor is formed by coupling a second receiving electrode and the inner wall of the drip cup, and the fourth capacitor is specifically an equivalent capacitor C of a medium between the inner walls of the drip cup (3)4Then, there are:
Figure BDA0003417908880000053
wherein epsilon0Is a vacuum dielectric constant of ∈rD is the distance between the second excitation electrode (5.1) and the second receiving electrode (5.2), and S is the electrode plate area;
22) changes according to the equivalent capacitance under the condition of liquid drop or not, resulting in the relative dielectric constant epsilonrThe equivalent capacitance changes, and then the current signal i detected by the second receiving electrodecAlso changed, the current signal icThe direct current voltage signal is converted into a direct current voltage signal through the I/V conversion and rectification module, the direct current voltage signal is converted into a pulse signal through the amplification and shaping module and then is sent into the MCU, and the MCU judges whether liquid drops drop or not according to the received pulse signal and counts the liquid drops.
Compared with the arrangement on the outer wall of the lower pipeline, when the first sensing assembly is arranged on the outer wall of the upper pipeline, the electrode distance between the first exciting electrode and the first receiving electrode is smaller, so that the range of the measured solution conductivity is smaller, and the device is suitable for scenes with low requirements on basic infusion identification precision.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
firstly, the type of basic infusion can be identified: compared with most of the prior schemes which only monitor the flow change process of the infusion, the method utilizes the principle of capacitive coupling type non-contact conductivity detection, can identify the basic infusion type in the solution based on the detected solution conductivity, and avoids the error caused by manual check.
Secondly, the utility model has the advantages of reusability, simple installation and low cost: the system can be used repeatedly, is simple to install, has low cost, is suitable for common venous transfusion scenes, and is easy to apply and popularize.
Thirdly, remote monitoring can be realized: the invention not only carries out alarm prompt on the display and alarm module, but also supports medical care personnel, patients and family members to remotely check the infusion process through different terminals.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of an infusion monitoring system according to the present invention in example 1.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a sensing assembly of the present invention, where fig. 2a is a schematic structural diagram of the sensing assembly, fig. 2b is a schematic structural diagram of sensing units in embodiments 1 and 2, and fig. 2c is a schematic structural diagram of a second sensing unit in embodiment 3.
Fig. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a sensing unit of the present invention, wherein fig. 3a is an equivalent circuit diagram of a sensing unit of a first sensing element, and fig. 3b is an equivalent circuit diagram of a sensing unit of a second sensing element.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of measuring the conductivity of the solution in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the result of the signal output from the I/V conversion and rectification module when measuring the drop velocity in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the result of the signal output from the amplifying and shaping module in the measurement of the drop velocity in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic position diagram of a sensing assembly according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the results of measuring the conductivity of the solution in example 2 of the present invention.
The notation in the figure is:
1. an upper pipeline, 2, a lower pipeline, 3, a drip cup, 4, a first sensing unit, 5, a second sensing unit, 6, a temperature sensing module, 7, an alternating current excitation source, 8, an excitation amplifying module, 9, an analog switch, 10, an I/V conversion and rectification module, 11, an ADC, 12, an MCU, 13, an amplification and shaping module, 14, a display and alarm module, 15, a first wireless module, 16, a first power supply module, 17, a second power supply module, 18, a second wireless module, 19, a computer, 20, a concave module, 4.1, a first excitation electrode, 4.2, a first receiving electrode, 4.3, a first shielding electrode, 4.4, a first insulating layer, 5.1, a second excitation electrode, 5.2, a second receiving electrode, 5.3, a second shielding electrode, 5.4, and a second insulating layer.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an infusion monitoring system capable of identifying a base infusion based on conductance detection, which comprises a detection device and a monitoring server, wherein the detection device comprises a first sensing component, a second sensing component, a temperature sensing module 6, an ac excitation source 7, an excitation amplifying module 8, an analog switch 9, an I/V conversion and rectification module 10, an ADC11, an MCU12, an amplifying and shaping module 13, a display and alarm module 14, a first wireless module 15, a first power module 16 and a second power module 17.
The first sensing assembly is arranged on the outer wall of the lower pipeline 2 and is connected with the excitation amplifying module 8 and the analog switch 9, the second sensing assembly is arranged on the outer wall of the drip cup 3 and is also connected with the excitation amplifying module 8 and the analog switch 9, the temperature sensing module 6 is arranged on the outer wall of the pipeline near the first sensing assembly on the lower pipeline 2, the alternating current excitation source 7 is connected with the excitation amplifying module 8, the analog switch 9 is connected with the MCU12 and the I/V conversion and rectification module 10, the I/V conversion and rectification module 10 is connected with the ADC11 and the amplifying and shaping module 13, the MCU12 is also connected with the amplifying and shaping module 13, the display and alarm module 14 and the first wireless module 15 respectively, the first power supply module 16 is used for supplying power to the excitation amplifying module 8, the analog switch 9, the I/V conversion and rectification module 10 and the amplifying and shaping module 13, and the second power supply module 17 is used for supplying power to the alternating current excitation source 7, the excitation source 9, the analog switch 9, the temperature sensing module 6 and the analog switch 9, the temperature sensing assembly 6 is arranged on the outer wall of the lower pipeline 2, the excitation source 7, the excitation amplifying and the excitation amplifying module 8 are connected with the analog switch 9, the analog switch module is connected with the MCU 3910, the analog switch module is connected with the analog switch module, the MCU 3910, the amplifying and the analog switch module is connected with the amplifying and the analog switch module is connected with the analog switch module, the amplifying and the amplifying module is connected with the amplifying and the amplifying module, the amplifying and shaping module, the analog switch module, the amplifying module 13 is connected with the amplifying module, the amplifying module is connected with the amplifying module, the amplifying module 13 is connected with the amplifying module, the amplifying module 13 is connected with the amplifying module, the amplifying, The first wireless module 15, the MCU12 and the display and alarm module 14 supply power, and the monitoring server includes a second wireless module 18 and a computer 19.
The first sensing assembly comprises a first sensing unit 4 and a concave module 20, the second sensing assembly comprises a second sensing unit 5 and a concave module 20, as shown in fig. 2a, the first sensing unit 4 and the second sensing unit 5 are both arranged on the circular arc inner wall of the corresponding concave module 20, as shown in fig. 2b, the first sensing unit 4 is composed of a first excitation electrode 4.1, a first receiving electrode 4.2, a first shielding electrode 4.3 and a first insulating layer 4.4, the second sensing unit 5 is composed of a second excitation electrode 5.1, a second receiving electrode 5.2, a second shielding electrode 5.3 and a second insulating layer 5.4, the inner side of the first shielding electrode 4.3 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the concave module 20 and the outer side is covered with the first insulating layer 4.4, the first excitation electrode 4.1 and the first receiving electrode 4.2 are arranged on the first insulating layer 4.4, the inner side of the second shielding electrode 5.3 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the concave module 20 and the outer side is covered with the second insulating layer 5.4, the second insulating layer 5.4 is provided with a second excitation electrode 5.1 and a second receiving electrode 5.2, in this example, the excitation electrodes and the receiving electrodes of the first sensing unit 4 and the second sensing unit 5 are both arranged along a direction perpendicular to the bus bar of the lower pipeline 2.
In the first and second sensing assemblies, the shield electrode covers the area where the excitation and receive electrodes are located to prevent signal coupling through air, insulating wall coupling, and interference from environmental or man-made touches.
The method for monitoring by using the infusion monitoring system in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1. before infusion starts, infusion data are transmitted to the MCU12 from a monitoring server, relevant information of infusion such as patient names and basic infusion types is displayed on the display and alarm module 14, when infusion starts, the MCU12 controls the analog switch 9 to process signals output from the first sensing assembly, the signals are converted into direct-current voltage signals through the I/V conversion and rectification module 10 and then are connected to the ADC11 to be sent to the MCU12 in a digital mode, the MCU12 calculates the conductivity of solution according to the signals and further identifies the basic infusion types of the liquid flowing in the lower pipeline 2, and if the detected basic infusion types do not accord with the basic infusion types transmitted by the monitoring server, alarm is carried out;
2. when the infusion is continued, the MCU12 controls the analog switch 9 to process the signal output from the second sensing component, the signal is converted into a direct-current voltage signal through the I/V conversion and rectification module 10, the direct-current voltage signal is converted into a pulse signal through the amplification and shaping module 13 and then is sent into the MCU12, and the MCU12 judges whether liquid drops drop or not according to the received signal and counts; according to the dropping condition of the liquid drops, the process state of the infusion can be calculated, meanwhile, the wireless module 15 can transmit data to the monitoring server, the monitoring server can store data related to the infusion process, and patients, medical staff and relatives can access the monitoring server through various terminal devices to check infusion process information;
3. if the liquid drops stop dropping within a certain time, the MCU12 controls the analog switch 9 to process signals output by the first sensing assembly and the second sensing assembly in a time-sharing manner, the MCU12 judges whether the infusion is finished or the infusion is abnormally interrupted according to the signals, simultaneously alarms on the display and alarm module 14, transmits the information to the monitoring server to refresh infusion process information, and medical personnel and relatives can visit the monitoring server and see the infusion process or alarm information on various terminal devices (such as smart phones) at the moment.
The principle of identifying the basic infusion type in the embodiment is as follows:
for the first sensing assembly, the equivalent circuit diagram of the first sensing unit 4 is shown in fig. 3 (a), and the first excitation electrode 4.1 is coupled with the inner wall of the lower pipeline to form a capacitor C1The first receiving electrode 4.2 is coupled with the inner wall of the lower pipeline to form a capacitor C2The solution between the two electrodes in the lower pipeline 2 can be equivalent to a resistor R in an equivalent circuit, because the lower pipeline 2 is filled with liquid all the time in the infusion process, the volume of the solution between the two electrodes cannot change, and the change of R is only related to the conductivity of the solution and can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003417908880000081
in equation (1), σ is the solution conductivity, d is the distance between the first excitation electrode 4.1 and the first reception electrode 4.2, and l1Is the length, l, of the first excitation electrode 4.12The length of the first receiving electrode 4.2, r is the inner radius of the lower pipeline 2, and the current signal i output by the first receiving electrode 4.2RCan be represented by the formula (2):
Figure BDA0003417908880000082
in formula (2), viFor the signal voltage applied to the first excitation electrode 4.1, j is the imaginary unit, ω is the frequency of the AC excitation source 7, the output current signal iRThe voltage is converted into a direct-current voltage signal V through the I/V conversion and rectification module 10, and the direct-current voltage signal V can be represented by formula (3) in combination with formulas (1) and (2):
Figure BDA0003417908880000091
in equation (3), K is a coefficient related to the excitation voltage and amplifier parameters, Q is a parameter related to the electrode length, electrode spacing, and pipe inner wall radius, and C is a first capacitance C1And a second capacitor C2σ is the solution conductivity. As can be seen from the formula (3), when σ is small,
Figure BDA0003417908880000092
at this point ignore
Figure BDA0003417908880000093
There is a linear relationship where V is proportional to σ, and as σ increases,
Figure BDA0003417908880000094
the number of the grooves is reduced, and the,
Figure BDA0003417908880000095
can not be ignored any more, V and sigma lose the proportional relation and present non-linearity, and the reduction can be seen from the formula (3)
Figure BDA0003417908880000096
It is beneficial to obtain linear output of V in a larger sigma range, and finally, the voltage signal V is connected to the ADC11 to be digitized and sent to the MCU12, and the MCU12 can calculate the conductivity sigma of the solution according to the signal and the formula (3) in turn.
Since the conductivity of the solution changes at different temperatures, the invention considers the influence of the temperature on the conductivity, and the standard temperature (25 ℃ in the embodiment) T0Conductivity of0The conductivity σ at the temperature T can be represented by formula (4):
Figure BDA0003417908880000097
in the formula (4), α is the temperature coefficient of the solution at the standard temperature, and in order to ensure that the type of the basic infusion can be correctly identified within a certain temperature range, in this embodiment, when the type of the basic infusion is identified, the MCU12 further calculates the electrical conductivity σ at the standard temperature by using the formula (4) based on the temperature measured by the temperature sensing module 60The solution conductivity sigma at standard temperature is different due to different concentrations and different solutes0The type of the base infusion fluid flowing through the lower line 2 is identified and an abnormality is determined.
The principle of this embodiment for monitoring the dropping speed is as follows:
for the second sensing assembly, the equivalent circuit diagram of the second sensing unit 5 is shown in fig. 3b, and the second excitation electrode 5.1 is coupled with the inner wall of the drip chamber to form a capacitor C1The second receiving electrode 5.2 is coupled with the inner wall of the drip cup to form a capacitor C2The equivalent capacitance C of the medium between the inner walls of the drip chamber 3, where the capacitance C can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003417908880000098
in formula (5), ε0Is a vacuum dielectric constant of ∈rIs a relative dielectric constant, d is the secondThe distance between the two excitation electrodes 5.1 and the second receiving electrode 5.2, S is the electrode plate area, ε when no drop is droppedrThe relative dielectric constant of a medium regarded as being composed of air; when a droplet falls, epsilonrThe current signal i detected by the second receiving electrode 5.2 changes due to the change of the capacitance C caused by the change of the relative dielectric constant of the medium composed of air and liquid dropscAlso changed, the current signal icThe direct current voltage signal is converted into a direct current voltage signal through the I/V conversion and rectification module 10, the direct current voltage signal is converted into a pulse signal through the amplification and shaping module 13, the pulse signal is sent to the MCU12, the MCU12 judges whether liquid drops drop or not according to the received signal, counting is carried out, and therefore the dropping speed of the liquid drops can be monitored, and therefore monitoring of the infusion process and abnormal judgment are achieved.
In order to verify the embodiment, a Max038 high-speed function generator chip is used as an alternating current excitation source 7 to generate a 500KHz excitation signal, AD711AQ is used as an excitation amplifying module 8, a high-performance CMOS analog switch Max309 is used as an analog switch 9, OPA627AU is used as an I/V conversion and rectification module 10, STM32L053 is used as an MCU12, and DS18B20 is used as a temperature sensing module 6, wherein a copper foil sheet with a length of 6mm, a width of 50mm and a thickness of 0.065mm is used for a first excitation electrode 4.1 and a first receiving electrode 4.2 of a first sensing assembly, an electrode interval d is 75mm, and a copper foil sheet with a length of 20mm, a width of 5mm and a thickness of 0.065mm is used for a second excitation electrode 5.1 and a second receiving electrode 5.2 of a second sensing assembly, and the electrode interval d is 5 mm.
The results of conductivity measurements using the above parameters for solution and base infusion tests are shown in fig. 4 and table 1, and the results of fig. 4 demonstrate that the range of conductivity measurements for this example is between 0.02 mS/cm and 15 mS/cm. Conductivity values for different base infusions measured using the conventional DDS-307 conductivity meter are shown in table 1, demonstrating the possibility that the present embodiment can identify the type of base infusion based on conductivity.
TABLE 1 results of conductivity measurements based on DDS and different base infusions of example 1
Type of basic infusion DDS(mS/cm) Example 1(mS/cm)
0.9% NACL injection 14.80 14.92
Naringer lactate injection 12.47 12.63
5% glucose injection 0.039 0.032
Glucose sodium chloride injection 13.47 13.32
10% glucose injection 0.131 0.137
In addition, the signal result output by the I/V conversion and rectification module when the drop velocity measurement is performed is shown in fig. 5, and the square wave signal obtained after the processing by the amplification and shaping module is shown in fig. 6. Fig. 6 illustrates that the present embodiment can correctly monitor the number of drops dropped in the drip cup 3 by counting the pulse signals, so that the drop speed of the drops can be obtained.
Example 2
This example differs from example 1 in that:
the first sensing assembly is arranged on the outer wall of the upper pipeline 1, the electrode distance between the first excitation electrode 4.1 and the first receiving electrode 4.2 is smaller than that of the embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 7, the range of the measured conductivity is smaller than that of the embodiment 1 because the range of the measured conductivity is positively correlated with the electrode distance of the first sensing assembly, and the embodiment can be used for identifying 5% concentration glucose solution, 10% concentration glucose solution and other salt solutions in the basic infusion, and is suitable for scenes with low requirement on the identification precision of the basic infusion.
To verify the present embodiment, the first excitation electrode 4.1 and the first receiving electrode 4.2 of the sensing unit 4 in the first sensing assembly both use a copper foil with a length of 6mm, a width of 10mm, a thickness of 0.065mm, and an electrode spacing of 10mm, and the conductivity measurement of the solution obtained is shown in fig. 8, which shows that the conductivity measurement of the present embodiment ranges from 0.015 to 1.2mS/cm, and thus can be used only for identifying 5% glucose solution, 10% glucose solution, and other saline solutions in the base infusion.
Example 3
This example differs from example 1 in that: the second excitation electrode 5.1 and the second receiving electrode 5.2 of the second sensing unit 5 are arranged along the direction parallel to the generatrix of the drip chamber 3, as shown in fig. 2 (c).
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. An infusion monitoring system capable of identifying basic infusion based on conductance detection is characterized in that, the system comprises a basic transfusion type identification device, a dripping speed monitoring device, an alternating current excitation source (7), an MCU (12) and a monitoring server in wireless communication with the MCU (12), the basic infusion type recognition device comprises a first sensing component arranged on the outer wall of an upper infusion pipeline (1) or a lower infusion pipeline (2), the dripping speed monitoring device comprises a second sensing component arranged on the outer wall of the dripping kettle (3), the alternating current excitation source (7) is respectively connected with the first sensing assembly and the second sensing assembly for applying excitation voltage, the MCU (12) is respectively connected with the first sensing component and the second sensing component, the acquired signals are processed to realize basic infusion type identification, dropping speed monitoring and auxiliary abnormal alarm.
2. The infusion monitoring system capable of identifying basic infusion based on conductance detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first sensing unit is composed of a first sensing unit (4) and a first concave module, said first sensing unit (4) comprises a first shielding electrode (4.3) whose inner side is tightly attached to the inner wall of the first concave module in the shape of a circular arc and whose outer side is covered with a first insulating layer (4.4), and a first excitation electrode (4.1) and a first receiving electrode (4.2) which are respectively disposed on the first insulating layer (4.4) in parallel, said first excitation electrode (4.1) is connected to the ac excitation source (7) through an excitation amplifying module (8), said first receiving electrode (4.2) is connected to the MCU (12) through a control analog switch (9), an I/V conversion and rectification module (10) and an ADC (11) in sequence, said first concave module is a square block with a vertical circular arc, after the first concave module is sleeved on the outer wall of the upper pipeline (1) or the lower pipeline (2), the first excitation electrode (4.1) and the first receiving electrode (4.2) are made to be attached to the outer wall of the upper pipeline (1) or the lower pipeline (2).
3. The infusion monitoring system capable of identifying basic infusion based on conductance detection as claimed in claim 2, wherein said first excitation electrode (4.1) and said first receiving electrode (4.2) are both in the shape of a strip and are arranged perpendicular to the bus direction of the upper pipeline (1) or the lower pipeline (2).
4. The infusion monitoring system capable of identifying basic infusion based on conductance detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein said second sensing unit comprises a second sensing unit (5) and a second concave module, said second sensing unit (5) comprises a second shielding electrode (5.3) with its inner side closely attached to the circular arc inner wall of the second concave module and its outer side covered with a second insulating layer (5.4), and a second excitation electrode (5.1) and a second receiving electrode (5.2) respectively disposed in parallel on the second insulating layer (5.4), said second excitation electrode (5.1) is connected to the AC excitation source (7) through an excitation amplification module (8), said second receiving electrode (5.2) is connected to the MCU (12) sequentially through a control analog switch (9), an I/V conversion and rectification module (10) and an amplification and shaping module (13), the second concave module is a square clamping block with a vertical arc-shaped groove, and after the second concave module is sleeved on the outer wall of the drip cup (3), the second excitation electrode (5.1) and the second receiving electrode (5.2) are tightly attached to the outer wall of the drip cup (3).
5. The infusion monitoring system for identifying the basic infusion based on the conductance detection as claimed in claim 4, wherein said second excitation electrode (5.1) and said second receiving electrode (5.2) are both in the shape of a strip and are arranged in parallel or perpendicular to the generatrix direction of said drip cup (3).
6. An infusion monitoring method using an infusion monitoring system capable of identifying a base infusion based on a conductance detection according to any one of claims 1-5, comprising the steps of:
1) before infusion starts, infusion data are transmitted to an MCU (12) from a monitoring server, basic infusion type information is displayed on a display and alarm module (14), when infusion starts, the MCU (12) controls an analog switch (9) to process a signal output from a first sensing assembly, the signal is converted into a direct-current voltage signal through an I/V conversion and rectification module (10), then the direct-current voltage signal is connected to an ADC (11) to be sent to the MCU (12) in a digital mode, the MCU (12) calculates the conductivity of a solution according to the digitized signal, further identifies the basic infusion type of liquid flowing through an infusion pipeline, and if the detected basic infusion type is not consistent with the basic infusion type of the monitoring server, an alarm is given;
2) when the transfusion is continued, the MCU (12) controls the analog switch (9) to process a signal output from the second sensing assembly, the signal is converted into a direct-current voltage signal through the I/V conversion and rectification module (10), the direct-current voltage signal is converted into a pulse signal through the amplification and shaping module (13), the pulse signal is sent to the MCU (12), the MCU (12) judges whether liquid drops drop or not according to the received pulse signal and counts, the process state of the transfusion is obtained according to the dropping condition of the liquid drops, meanwhile, the wireless module (15) transmits the transfusion process information to the monitoring server for storage, and a patient, medical personnel and relatives visit the monitoring server through the terminal equipment to check the transfusion process information;
3) when liquid drops stop dropping within a set time, the MCU (12) controls the analog switch (9) to process signals output by the first sensing assembly and the second sensing assembly in a time-sharing mode, the MCU (12) judges whether the transfusion is finished or abnormally interrupted according to the signals, alarms on the display and alarm module (14) and transmits information to the monitoring server to refresh transfusion process information, and at the moment, medical staff and relatives visit the monitoring server on terminal equipment and check transfusion processes or alarm information.
7. The infusion monitoring method according to claim 6, wherein the step 1) of detecting the type of the basic infusion specifically comprises the steps of:
11) constructing a first equivalent circuit of a first sensing unit (4), wherein the first equivalent circuit comprises a first capacitor, a first resistor and a second capacitor which are sequentially connected in series, the first capacitor is formed by coupling a first excitation electrode (4.1) and the inner wall of an infusion pipeline, the second capacitor is formed by coupling a first receiving electrode (4.2) and the inner wall of the infusion pipeline, and the first resistor is specifically the equivalent resistance of a solution between the first excitation electrode (4.1) and the first receiving electrode (4.2);
12) calculating a current signal i output by the first receiving electrode (4.2) according to the first equivalent circuitRThen, there are:
Figure FDA0003417908870000031
wherein v isiIs the signal voltage applied to the first excitation electrode (4.1), j is the imaginary unit, ω is the excitation angular frequency of the AC excitation source (7), C1Is a first capacitor, C2Is a second capacitor, and R is a first resistor;
13) will current signal iRThe direct current voltage signal V is converted by an I/V conversion and rectification module (10), and the solution conductivity is calculated according to the direct current voltage signal V, so that the following steps are provided:
Figure FDA0003417908870000032
k is a coefficient related to excitation voltage and amplifier parameters, Q is a parameter related to electrode length, electrode spacing and pipeline inner wall radius, sigma is solution conductivity, and C is a series equivalent capacitance of a first capacitor and a second capacitor;
14) conversion of solution conductivity sigma into a standard temperature T taking into account the effect of temperature on solution conductivity0Conductivity of0And based on the above, the type of the basic infusion, the standard temperature T0Conductivity of0The relationship with the solution conductivity σ at temperature T is:
Figure FDA0003417908870000033
wherein α is the temperature coefficient of the solution at the standard temperature.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein in step 11), the change in the first resistance R is only related to the solution conductivity, and comprises:
Figure FDA0003417908870000034
wherein,d is the distance between the first excitation electrode (4.1) and the receiving electrode (4.2), l1Is the length of the first excitation electrode (4.1)/2Is the length of the first receiving electrode (4.2), and r is the inner radius of the infusion pipeline.
9. The infusion monitoring method according to claim 6, wherein the step 2) of performing the droplet monitoring specifically comprises the steps of:
21) a second equivalent circuit of the second sensing unit (5) is constructed, the second equivalent circuit comprises a third capacitor, a fourth capacitor and a fifth capacitor which are sequentially connected in series, the third capacitor is formed by coupling a second excitation electrode (5.1) and the inner wall of the drip cup (3), the fifth capacitor is formed by coupling a second receiving electrode (4.2) and the inner wall of the drip cup (3), and the fourth capacitor is specifically an equivalent capacitor C of a medium between the inner walls of the drip cup (3)4Then, there are:
Figure FDA0003417908870000041
wherein epsilon0Is a vacuum dielectric constant of ∈rD is the distance between the second excitation electrode (5.1) and the second receiving electrode (5.2), and S is the electrode plate area;
22) changes according to the equivalent capacitance under the condition of liquid drop or not, resulting in the relative dielectric constant epsilonrThe equivalent capacitance changes, and the current signal i detected by the second receiving electrode (5.2) changescAlso changed, the current signal icThe direct current voltage signal is converted into a direct current voltage signal through the I/V conversion and rectification module (10), the direct current voltage signal is converted into a pulse signal through the amplification and shaping module (13), the pulse signal is sent to the MCU (12), and the MCU (12) judges whether liquid drops drop or not according to the received pulse signal and counts the liquid drops.
10. An infusion monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that when the first sensing element is arranged on the outer wall of the upper pipeline (1), the electrode distance between the first excitation electrode (4.1) and the first receiving electrode (4.2) is smaller than that arranged on the outer wall of the lower pipeline (2), so that the range of the measured solution conductivity is smaller, and the method is suitable for a scene with low requirements on the identification accuracy of the basic infusion.
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