CN114016022A - Narrow-gap powder feeding nozzle for high-speed laser cladding - Google Patents
Narrow-gap powder feeding nozzle for high-speed laser cladding Download PDFInfo
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- CN114016022A CN114016022A CN202111495569.6A CN202111495569A CN114016022A CN 114016022 A CN114016022 A CN 114016022A CN 202111495569 A CN202111495569 A CN 202111495569A CN 114016022 A CN114016022 A CN 114016022A
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 34
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开一种用于高速激光熔覆的窄间隙送粉喷嘴，包括激光通道、送粉通道和冷却水腔，喷嘴主体的内腔开设有所述激光通道，所述激光通道的末端连接激光出口；喷嘴主体内开设有所述冷却水腔；喷嘴主体的顶部开设有粉末入口，所述粉末入口与所述送粉通道相连，所述送粉通道的末端与位于喷嘴主体底部的环形出口相连通；所述环形出口处内圆的尺寸为ΦIn＝6‑11.5mm，外圆的尺寸为ΦOut＝6.5‑12mm，且0.25mm≤ΦOut‑ΦIn≤1.0mm，出口间隙为环形出口处内外圆的直径差。通过控制喷嘴出口间隙的内外圆的直径，得到较为合适粉末颗粒飞行速度。既能最大程度的加热粉末，又能避免粉末颗粒被激光束烧损，得到良好的成形，实现高速激光熔覆。
The invention discloses a narrow-gap powder feeding nozzle for high-speed laser cladding, comprising a laser channel, a powder feeding channel and a cooling water cavity. The inner cavity of the nozzle main body is provided with the laser channel, and the end of the laser channel is connected to the laser outlet; the cooling water cavity is opened in the nozzle body; the top of the nozzle body is provided with a powder inlet, the powder inlet is connected with the powder feeding channel, and the end of the powder feeding channel is connected with the annular outlet at the bottom of the nozzle body The size of the inner circle at the annular outlet is ΦIn=6‑11.5mm, the size of the outer circle is ΦOut=6.5‑12mm, and 0.25mm≤ΦOut‑ΦIn≤1.0mm, and the outlet gap is the inner and outer circles at the annular outlet. Diameter difference. By controlling the diameter of the inner and outer circles of the nozzle outlet gap, a more suitable flying speed of the powder particles can be obtained. It can not only heat the powder to the greatest extent, but also prevent the powder particles from being burned by the laser beam, obtain good forming, and realize high-speed laser cladding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding, in particular to a narrow-gap powder feeding nozzle for high-speed laser cladding.
Background
The preparation of coatings with special properties on the surface of materials is the most common and effective method in industry, and the surface coatings can often meet extremely severe service conditions, so that the continuous operation of mechanical equipment is ensured as much as possible, and the service time of the mechanical equipment is greatly prolonged. Therefore, the surface coating technology is a very important place in industrial production. The laser cladding technology is a process method which utilizes laser beams to rapidly heat and melt added materials, and forms a metallurgically bonded surface coating on the surface of a base material after solidification, thereby obviously improving the performances of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high-temperature oxidation resistance and the like of the surface of a base material. The laser cladding has the obvious advantages of low porosity, metallurgical bonding and the like, and is widely applied to industrial production. In order to improve the cladding efficiency of revolving body parts such as shafts and the like, a high-speed laser cladding (German: EHLA) technology is an efficient coating manufacturing technology developed on the basis of laser cladding in recent years. The technology utilizes laser coaxial powder feeding equipment, and by adjusting the relative positions of a powder converging focus and a laser converging focus, cladding powder is heated or melted by a laser beam above a molten pool and is uniformly cladded on the surfaces of high-speed rotating solid parts and other rotating body parts, and cladding coating has extremely low dilution rate and is metallurgically bonded with a base material. The technology is invented by the German Fraunhofer laser engineering research institute, the linear speed of cladding can reach 6-200 m/min, and the cladding efficiency is greatly improved.
The core problems in high speed laser cladding coating formation are the distribution of laser energy and the state of the powder particles into the molten pool. The powder is collected above the molten pool and the laser beam heats the powder and then the substrate. The laser energy is absorbed and attenuated by the powder in the period, and the heating degree of the powder is determined by the powder heating time on the premise that the laser power and the powder feeding rate are constant. When the flying speed of the powder particles is small and the heating time is long, the energy of the laser beam for heating the powder may be enough to reach the melting point or even the boiling point of the powder particles, resulting in burning of the powder particles and formation of black smoke. When the flying speed of the powder particles is high, the time for heating the powder particles by the laser beam is short, the degree of heating the powder is low, and the powder melting needs to depend on the heat of a molten pool, so that the efficiency is reduced, and the high-speed laser cladding is difficult to realize. Therefore, the flight speed of the powder particles is one of the key factors for realizing high-speed laser cladding. In the reported data, the influence of the flight speed of the powder particles on high-speed laser cladding is not known.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides the narrow-gap high-speed laser cladding powder feeding nozzle, the narrow-gap annular powder feeding nozzle reduces the area of a powder outlet, improves the flight speed of powder particles, can effectively reduce the burning loss of the powder particles by laser beams, and can also furthest realize the heating of the powder particles by the laser beams.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a narrow-gap powder feeding nozzle for high-speed laser cladding, which comprises: the nozzle comprises a laser channel, a powder feeding channel and a cooling water cavity, wherein the laser channel is formed in the inner cavity of a nozzle main body, and the tail end of the laser channel is connected with a laser outlet; the nozzle body is internally provided with the cooling water cavity; the top of the nozzle body is provided with a powder inlet, the powder inlet is connected with the powder feeding channel, and the tail end of the powder feeding channel is communicated with an annular outlet positioned at the bottom of the nozzle body; the size of the inner circle at the annular outlet is phi In 6-11.5mm, the size of the outer circle is phi Out 6.5-12mm, phi Out-phi In is more than or equal to 0.25mm and less than or equal to 1.0mm, and the outlet gap is the diameter difference of the inner circle and the outer circle at the annular outlet.
Preferably, four powder inlets are formed in the top of the nozzle body, the powder inlets are powder feeding channel interfaces, and the powder inlets are connected with the air pipe connectors through threads.
Preferably, the powder feeding channel comprises a powder mixing cavity and a conical channel which are communicated in sequence, and the tail end of the conical channel is communicated with the annular outlet at the bottom of the nozzle body.
Preferably, the nozzle body is made of red copper.
Preferably, the powder feeding mode in the powder feeding channel is carrier gas type powder feeding, and the type of the carrier gas is nitrogen or argon.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the narrow-gap powder feeding nozzle for high-speed laser cladding provided by the invention has the advantages that firstly, the annular nozzle is high in powder feeding precision, and secondly, the flight speed of powder particles is proper, so that the particles can be heated in advance to realize high-speed laser cladding, and the powder can be prevented from being burnt.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a narrow gap powder feed nozzle for high speed laser cladding;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a high speed laser cladding narrow gap powder feed nozzle;
FIG. 3 is a bottom view of a high speed laser cladding narrow gap powder feed nozzle;
FIG. 4 is a high-speed photograph of a narrow-gap powder-feeding nozzle with a gap of 1.0mm at the outlet for high-speed laser cladding;
FIG. 5 is a high-speed photograph of a narrow-gap powder-feeding nozzle with an exit gap of 1.5mm for high-speed laser cladding;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the powder velocities at different exit gaps of a narrow-gap powder-feeding nozzle for high-speed laser cladding;
in the figure, 1 is a laser channel, 2 is a powder inlet, 3 is a powder mixing cavity, 4 is a conical channel, 5 is an annular outlet, 6 is a cooling water cavity, and 7 is a laser outlet.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a narrow-gap high-speed laser cladding powder feeding nozzle, which reduces the area of a powder outlet, improves the flight speed of powder particles, can effectively reduce the burning loss of the powder particles by a laser beam, and can maximally heat the powder particles by the laser beam.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the narrow-gap powder feeding nozzle for high-speed laser cladding in this embodiment is made of red copper, which is mainly due to its good thermal conductivity. The nozzle mainly comprises a laser channel 1, a powder feeding channel and a cooling water cavity 6 and is used for realizing high-speed laser cladding. The powder feeding mode is carrier gas type powder feeding, and the type of the carrier gas is nitrogen or argon.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, four powder feeding channel interfaces are arranged at the upper part of the nozzle and are powder inlets 2, and the powder feeding channel interfaces are connected with a gas pipe joint by threads. The powder enters the nozzle from the inlet, is uniformly mixed in the powder mixing cavity 3, then enters the conical channel 4 in the nozzle and finally is ejected from the annular outlet 5 at the bottom of the nozzle. All parts of the nozzle are fixed through screws. The gap referred to in the present invention is the annular outlet gap at the bottom of the nozzle. The parameters of the outlet gap that are mainly related to are the diameter of the inner and outer circles at the bottom of the nozzle. The annular outlet 5 can ensure higher powder feeding precision and uniformity.
In a high-speed laser cladding experiment, powder ejected from the bottom of a nozzle is converged above a workpiece and heated or melted by a laser beam, the heated or melted powder falls into a molten pool on the surface of the workpiece, and a high-speed laser cladding coating is formed after solidification.
From the above analysis, the energy of the laser beam is mainly divided into two parts, one part is used for heating and melting the powder, and the other part is used for melting the workpiece, so that a molten pool is formed on the surface of the workpiece. When too much laser energy is used to melt the powder, the energy of the laser beam heating the powder may be sufficient to reach the melting point or even the boiling point of the powder particles, resulting in burning of the powder particles, formation of black smoke, and impact on the quality of the formation. When the flying speed of the powder particles is high, the time for heating the powder particles by the laser beam is short, the degree of heating the powder is low, and the powder melting needs to depend on the heat of a molten pool, so that the efficiency is reduced, and the high-speed laser cladding is difficult to realize. On the premise that the laser power and the powder feeding rate are fixed, the powder heating time determines the powder heating degree, and the flying speed of powder particles determines the powder heating time. The flight speed of the powder particles at the annular outlet 5 is therefore of critical importance for the quality of the shaping.
The size of the gap of the annular outlet 5 is decisive for the flight speed of the powder particles. The invention proposes: the size of the inner circle of the outlet gap is 6-11.5mm, the size of the outer circle of the outlet gap is 6.5-12mm, and the requirement that the diameter is more than or equal to 0.25mm and less than or equal to phi Out-phi In and less than or equal to 1.0mm is met. At the moment, the flying speed of the powder particles is suitable for high-speed laser cladding.
Verification case
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the movement state of the flying-out of the powder particles from the annular outlet gap of the nozzle was observed by high-speed photography (20000 frames/s). First, it can be seen that when the exit gap is 1.5mm, much powder burn-out occurs in high-speed photography, resulting in black smoke. And when the exit gap is 1.0mm, the movement state of the powder particles in high-speed photography is very clear. The flight speed of the powder particles is obtained by measuring the displacement of the powder particles in two consecutive pictures. The calculated powder particle flight velocities for the different exit gaps are shown in fig. 6. At an exit gap of 1.0mm, the flight velocity of the powder particles is significantly higher than when the exit gap is 1.5 mm.
The annular powder feeding nozzle for narrow-gap high-speed laser cladding has the advantages that firstly, the annular nozzle is high in powder feeding precision, and secondly, the flying speed of powder particles is proper, so that the particles can be heated in advance to realize high-speed laser cladding, and powder burning loss can be avoided.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein, and any reference signs in the claims are not intended to be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In summary, this summary should not be construed to limit the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A narrow-gap powder feeding nozzle for high-speed laser cladding is characterized in that: the nozzle comprises a laser channel, a powder feeding channel and a cooling water cavity, wherein the laser channel is formed in the inner cavity of a nozzle main body, and the tail end of the laser channel is connected with a laser outlet; the nozzle body is internally provided with the cooling water cavity; the top of the nozzle body is provided with a powder inlet, the powder inlet is connected with the powder feeding channel, and the tail end of the powder feeding channel is communicated with an annular outlet positioned at the bottom of the nozzle body; the size of the inner circle at the annular outlet is phi In 6-11.5mm, the size of the outer circle is phi Out 6.5-12mm, phi Out-phi In is more than or equal to 0.25mm and less than or equal to 1.0mm, and the outlet gap is the diameter difference of the inner circle and the outer circle at the annular outlet.
2. The narrow gap powder feeding nozzle for high-speed laser cladding according to claim 1, characterized in that: four powder inlets are formed in the top of the nozzle body, the powder inlets are powder feeding channel interfaces, and the powder inlets are connected with air pipe joints through threads.
3. The narrow gap powder feeding nozzle for high-speed laser cladding according to claim 1, characterized in that: the powder feeding channel comprises a powder mixing cavity and a conical channel which are sequentially communicated, and the tail end of the conical channel is communicated with an annular outlet at the bottom of the nozzle main body.
4. The narrow gap powder feeding nozzle for high-speed laser cladding according to claim 1, characterized in that: the nozzle body is made of red copper.
5. The narrow gap powder feeding nozzle for high-speed laser cladding according to claim 1, characterized in that: the powder feeding mode in the powder feeding channel is carrier gas type powder feeding, and the type of the carrier gas is nitrogen or argon.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111495569.6A CN114016022A (en) | 2021-12-08 | 2021-12-08 | Narrow-gap powder feeding nozzle for high-speed laser cladding |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111495569.6A CN114016022A (en) | 2021-12-08 | 2021-12-08 | Narrow-gap powder feeding nozzle for high-speed laser cladding |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114653717A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-06-24 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Device and method for harmlessly treating waste incineration fly ash |
| CN116219426A (en) * | 2023-02-02 | 2023-06-06 | 岗春激光科技（江苏）有限公司 | Annular powder feeding nozzle |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4724299A (en) * | 1987-04-15 | 1988-02-09 | Quantum Laser Corporation | Laser spray nozzle and method |
| CN110592585A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2019-12-20 | 上海彩石激光科技有限公司 | Ultra-high-speed laser cladding system and method |
| CN210065925U (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2020-02-14 | 宁波中物力拓超微材料有限公司 | Annular coaxial powder feeding nozzle for high-speed laser cladding |
| CN112703078A (en) * | 2019-06-07 | 2021-04-23 | 弗劳恩霍夫应用研究促进协会 | Coaxial powder nozzle tip module for workpiece surface treatment |
-
2021
- 2021-12-08 CN CN202111495569.6A patent/CN114016022A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4724299A (en) * | 1987-04-15 | 1988-02-09 | Quantum Laser Corporation | Laser spray nozzle and method |
| CN210065925U (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2020-02-14 | 宁波中物力拓超微材料有限公司 | Annular coaxial powder feeding nozzle for high-speed laser cladding |
| CN112703078A (en) * | 2019-06-07 | 2021-04-23 | 弗劳恩霍夫应用研究促进协会 | Coaxial powder nozzle tip module for workpiece surface treatment |
| CN110592585A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2019-12-20 | 上海彩石激光科技有限公司 | Ultra-high-speed laser cladding system and method |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114653717A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-06-24 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Device and method for harmlessly treating waste incineration fly ash |
| CN116219426A (en) * | 2023-02-02 | 2023-06-06 | 岗春激光科技（江苏）有限公司 | Annular powder feeding nozzle |
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Application publication date: 20220208 |