CN114009267B - Pomegranate planting method rich in polyphenol - Google Patents
Pomegranate planting method rich in polyphenol Download PDFInfo
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- CN114009267B CN114009267B CN202111287335.2A CN202111287335A CN114009267B CN 114009267 B CN114009267 B CN 114009267B CN 202111287335 A CN202111287335 A CN 202111287335A CN 114009267 B CN114009267 B CN 114009267B
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- pomegranate
- polyphenol
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- nutrient solution
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- 235000014360 Punica granatum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 241000219991 Lythraceae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 96
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- WHGYBXFWUBPSRW-FOUAGVGXSA-N beta-cyclodextrin Chemical compound OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O3)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]1CO WHGYBXFWUBPSRW-FOUAGVGXSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001116 FEMA 4028 Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000011175 beta-cyclodextrine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 229960004853 betadex Drugs 0.000 claims description 19
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- REFJWTPEDVJJIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quercetin Chemical compound C=1C(O)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2O)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 REFJWTPEDVJJIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- QOHMWDJIBGVPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n',n'-diethylpropane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCCN QOHMWDJIBGVPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- ULTHEAFYOOPTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dibromobutane Chemical compound BrCCCCBr ULTHEAFYOOPTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- PRROBIIYGSUPNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-amino-1-methylpiperidin-1-ium-4-carboxylate Chemical compound CN1CCC(N)(C(O)=O)CC1 PRROBIIYGSUPNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZVOLCUVKHLEPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quercetagetin Natural products C1=C(O)C(O)=CC=C1C1=C(O)C(=O)C2=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C2O1 ZVOLCUVKHLEPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- HWTZYBCRDDUBJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Rhynchosin Natural products C1=C(O)C(O)=CC=C1C1=C(O)C(=O)C2=CC(O)=C(O)C=C2O1 HWTZYBCRDDUBJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- MWDZOUNAPSSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaempferol Natural products OC1=C(C(=O)c2cc(O)cc(O)c2O1)c3ccc(O)cc3 MWDZOUNAPSSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960001285 quercetin Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000005875 quercetin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- LYQGMALGKYWNIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K gadolinium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Gd+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O LYQGMALGKYWNIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 alginate oligosaccharide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 11
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 235000010208 anthocyanin Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000004410 anthocyanin Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229930002877 anthocyanin Natural products 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000004636 anthocyanins Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002366 mineral element Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 19
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- DVGZCNSXLVXTPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-N,3-N-diethylpropane-1,2,3-triamine Chemical compound CCNCC(CN)NCC DVGZCNSXLVXTPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 244000294611 Punica granatum Species 0.000 description 5
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 4
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 4
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 3
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropanol acetate Natural products CC(C)OC(C)=O JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001083505 Punica Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003266 anti-allergic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001093 anti-cancer Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000036996 cardiovascular health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004665 defense response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013355 food flavoring agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002737 fructose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015203 fruit juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019990 fruit wine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000015094 jam Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005956 quaternization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride Natural products C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021654 trace metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a pomegranate planting method rich in polyphenol, belonging to the technical field of pomegranate planting and comprising the following steps: the first step, planting: selecting pomegranate seedlings to plant, wherein the planting distance is 250-350cm in the transverse direction and the vertical direction; step two, field management: irrigating and fertilizing; thirdly, flower and fruit thinning; fourthly, spraying nutrient solution: bagging pomegranate fruit, and spraying nutrient solution every 7 days before the pomegranate fruit is ripe; fifthly, picking; wherein the nutrient solution contains alginic acid, algal oligosaccharide, functional agent, polyphenol capsule, and CO2The storage material, the auxiliary agent and other components have the effect of promoting the growth of the plants, can promote the absorption of the plants on nitrogen, phosphorus and a plurality of mineral elements, improve the content of protein and reducing sugar in the pomegranate, and the functional agent can stimulate the expression of related enzyme genes in the synthetic pathway of pomegranate polyphenol and anthocyanin, so as to further increase the content of the pomegranate polyphenol and anthocyanin in the pomegranate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pomegranate planting, and particularly relates to a method for planting pomegranates rich in polyphenol.
Background
The pomegranate is deciduous arbors or shrubs of genus Punica of family Lythraceae, has strong adaptability, strong salt and alkali resistance, and has cultural, ecological, economic and medicinal values. The pomegranate fruit is like a red gem, is sour, sweet, delicious and juicy, has high nutritive value, is rich in fruit sugar, high-quality protein, easy to absorb fat and the like, can supplement energy and heat of a human body, and does not increase the burden of the human body. Pomegranate contains abundant vitamins, especially B and C, and trace mineral elements, and can supplement trace elements and nutrients missing from human body. Pomegranate can be processed into fruit juice, fruit wine, jam, flavoring agent, cosmetics, etc., and pomegranate contains some bioactive components such as organic acid, polyphenol, anthocyanin and antioxidant, etc., and can effectively improve cardiovascular health, prevent and treat diabetes, and has anticancer, antibacterial and antiallergic effects.
In the pomegranate obtained by the existing planting method, the content of polyphenol substances in fruits or peels is low, and the extraction rate of extracting the polyphenol substances by adopting various methods is not ideal, so that the whole process from the growth of pomegranate plants to the ripening of the pomegranate serves as a research object, and the synthesis and transportation of the polyphenol substances in the pomegranate plants are promoted by adopting various means to obtain the pomegranate fruits rich in polyphenol.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pomegranate planting method rich in polyphenol so as to solve the technical problems in the background technology.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a planting method of pomegranates rich in polyphenol comprises the following steps:
the first step, planting: selecting pomegranate seedlings with plump branches and leaves for planting, wherein the planting distance is in the range of 250-350cm in the transverse direction and the vertical direction;
step two, field management: irrigating and fertilizing, ensuring proper soil humidity and draining waterlogging in time when heavy rain occurs; the fertilization can be carried out in different seasons, and nitrogen fertilizers are applied in spring; applying compound fertilizer in summer and autumn;
thirdly, flower and fruit thinning: when more than 60% of flower buds of the pomegranate tree are exposed, thinning flowers, cutting off the flower spikes with poor growth, reserving a cluster of flower spikes with good growth state every 15-30cm on branches and trunks, reserving 1-4 high-quality pomegranate small fruits in each cluster after the flower spikes wither to grow fruits, and cutting off redundant pomegranate small fruits; weeding, pruning and shaping, cold protection, pest control and drainage and irrigation are carried out according to a common method;
fourthly, spraying nutrient solution: bagging pomegranate fruit, and spraying nutrient solution once every 7 days before the pomegranate fruit is ripe, wherein the spraying amount is 60-80g per plant;
fifthly, picking: and picking, packaging and storing after the small pomegranate fruits are ripe.
Further, the spring application of the nitrogen fertilizer comprises the following raw materials:
30-50 kg of organic fertilizer, and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 14:20: 3-5 kg of 20 compound fertilizers, 0.1 kg of ammonium molybdate and 0.1 kg of zinc sulfate.
Further, the compound fertilizer applied in summer and autumn comprises the following raw materials:
the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15:20:30 of compound fertilizer 1-2 kg, calcium chloride 0.05 kg, borax 0.01 kg and organic selenium fertilizer 0.01 kg.
Further, the nutrient solution is prepared by the following steps:
step S1, preparing the following raw materials in parts by weight: alginic acid 1 part, algal oligosaccharide 1 part, polyphenol capsule 0.5-1.3 parts, CO22.2-2.8 parts of a storage material, 0.5-0.8 part of glycine, 0.2-0.4 part of an auxiliary agent, 0.3 part of a functional agent and 50-80 parts of deionized water;
s2, adding the functional agent, the auxiliary agent and deionized water into a stirring tank, stirring at the rotating speed of 100-200r/min for 20min, and adding alginic acid, algal oligosaccharides, polyphenol capsules and CO2Storing the materials and the glycine, keeping the rotating speed unchanged, and continuously stirring and mixing for 1-2h to obtain the nutrient solution.
Alginic acid can reduce the surface tension of water, increase the contact area of the nutrient solution and the leaf surface, has stronger water retention, enables water-soluble substances to enter crop cells more easily through cell membranes on the surfaces of stems and leaves, and enables pomegranate seedlings to absorb nutrient components in the nutrient solution more effectively. Meanwhile, a plurality of carboxyl groups and hydroxyl groups in the alginic acid molecules are easily combined with metal ions in the functional agent to form a cross-linked polymer with multiplied molecular weight, so that trace metal elements are prevented from being lost due to rain wash and the like.
The seaweed oligosaccharide has high exciton activity, can induce plants to generate plant protection essence and defense response factors in the disease-resistant physiological process of pomegranate seedlings, resist infection of external microorganisms, or directly act on pathogenic bacteria, participate in the induced disease-resistant process of the plants, and has the effect of promoting growth of the plants.
Further, the polyphenol capsule is prepared by the following steps:
dissolving beta-cyclodextrin in deionized water, heating to 55-60 ℃, stirring for 20min to obtain a beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution, dissolving quercetin in absolute ethyl alcohol, dropwise adding the beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution under the condition of the rotation speed of 60-100r/min, keeping the temperature at 60 ℃, stirring for 4h, cooling to room temperature, placing in a refrigerator for refrigeration at 5 ℃ for 12-14h, taking out for suction filtration, washing a filter cake with an ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 30%, and finally drying at 60 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the polyphenol capsule.
Wherein the dosage ratio of the beta-cyclodextrin, the deionized water, the quercetin and the absolute ethyl alcohol is 16g:60-80mL:8g:35.4-42.7mL, and the beta-cyclodextrin forms a stable high molecular compound, namely a polyphenol capsule, by using the properties of hydrophobic inside and hydrophilic outside of the beta-cyclodextrin.
Further, the auxiliary agent is prepared by the following steps:
step B1, adding 4-amino-1-methyl-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid and DMF (dimethyl formamide) into a three-neck flask, stirring for 3min, dropwise adding thionyl chloride into the three-neck flask, refluxing, stirring and reacting for 3h after dropwise adding is finished, washing with deionized water after reaction is finished, extracting with ethyl acetate, and removing ethyl acetate through reduced pressure distillation to obtain an intermediate 1;
wherein the dosage ratio of the 4-amino-1-methyl-4-piperidine carboxylic acid, the DMF and the thionyl chloride is 0.1mol:58.4-62.1mL:0.7-1.1mL, and carrying out acyl chlorination reaction on 4-amino-1-methyl-4-piperidine carboxylic acid under the heating condition to obtain an intermediate 1;
the specific reaction process is as follows:
step B2, adding the intermediate 1 and dichloromethane into a three-neck flask, introducing nitrogen for 5-10min, adding dichloromethane solution of 3-diethylamino-1-propylamine, stirring at the rotation speed of 100-200r/min for reaction for 4h, after the reaction is finished, adding deionized water for washing, adjusting the pH value to 8-10 by using sodium carbonate solution with the concentration of 0.5mol/L, then extracting by using dichloromethane, washing by using water and saturated salt water successively, drying by using anhydrous sodium sulfate, and then removing dichloromethane by reduced pressure distillation to obtain an intermediate 2;
wherein the dosage ratio of the dichloromethane solution of the intermediate 1 and the 3-diethylamino-1-propylamine is 0.1mol:10mL of a dichloromethane solution of 3-diethylamino-1-propylamine prepared from 3-diethylamino-1-propylamine and dichloromethane in a molar ratio of 0.1mol:10mL of the intermediate is mixed, and the intermediate 1 and 3-diethylamino-1-propylamine are subjected to HCl elimination reaction to obtain an intermediate 2;
the specific reaction process is as follows:
and step B3, sequentially adding the intermediate 2, 1, 4-dibromobutane and isopropanol into a three-neck flask, heating while stirring, carrying out reflux reaction for 6 hours, carrying out reduced pressure distillation to remove the isopropanol after the reaction is finished, and then, adding a solvent into the mixture of the isopropanol and ethyl acetate in a volume ratio of 1:1, recrystallizing for 3 times to obtain the auxiliary agent;
wherein the dosage ratio of the intermediate 2, the 1, 4-dibromobutane and the isopropanol is 0.1mol:0.05mol:68.7-72.4mL, and carrying out quaternization reaction on the intermediate 2 and 1, 4-dibromobutane to obtain an auxiliary agent;
the specific reaction process is as follows:
further, CO2The reservoir material is made by the following steps:
adding ethylenediamine and polyethylene glycol into a three-neck flask at room temperature, stirring at the rotation speed of 60-100r/min for 20min, and adding 99.9% CO by volume2Gas at 250mL/min, introducing into a three-neck flask at a flow rate, after 30min, clarifying the solution to become turbid, after 60min, allowing the solution to have solids, and continuously introducing CO2Gas 30-35min, suction filtering, washing filter cake with anhydrous ethanol for 2-3 times, drying in vacuum drying oven at 60 deg.C for 4-6 hr to obtain CO2A reservoir material;
wherein the mass ratio of the ethylenediamine to the polyethylene glycol is 1:1, the ethylene diamine and the polyethylene glycol are used as formula solvents to quickly absorb CO2Obtaining CO2A reservoir material.
Further, the functional agent is prepared from lanthanum nitrate, calcium nitrate and gadolinium acetate according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1 are mixed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a planting method of pomegranate rich in polyphenol, which strictly controls the steps of planting, field management, flower and fruit thinning, nutrient solution spraying and the like to obtain the pomegranate rich in polyphenol2The nutrient solution can store components such as materials, additives and the like, wherein alginic acid and algal oligosaccharide have the effect of promoting the growth of plants, can promote the absorption of the plants on nitrogen, phosphorus and a plurality of mineral elements, and improve the content of protein and reducing sugar in the pomegranate, and the functional agent can stimulate the expression of related enzyme genes in the synthetic pathway of pomegranate polyphenol and anthocyanin, so that the content of pomegranate polyphenol and anthocyanin in the pomegranate is further increased; the beta-cyclodextrin is made to form a stable high molecular compound by the properties of hydrophobic inside and hydrophilic outside, and the quercetin is made to form the polyphenol capsule which can slowly release polyphenol substances, so that pomegranate seedlings can continuously absorb exogenous polyphenol substances in the growth process, and the ethylenediamine and the polyethylene glycol are used as formula solvents to quickly absorb CO2The CO2 storage material is obtained to provide more carbon sources for the growth of pomegranate seedlings, and the invention also prepares an auxiliary agentThe agent contains piperidine tertiary amine, biquaternary ammonium salt, secondary amine and primary amine structures, has amphiphilic property and can enrich CO2The carbon source can be further provided for the growth of pomegranate seedlings; therefore, the pomegranate planting method provided by the invention can effectively improve the polyphenol content in pomegranate fruits, improve the nutrient content in the fruits and provide convenience for subsequent extraction of pomegranate polyphenol substances.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a nutrient solution which is prepared by the following steps:
step S1, preparing the following raw materials in parts by weight: alginic acid 1 part, alga oligosaccharide 1 part, polyphenol capsule 0.5 part, CO22.2 parts of a storage material, 0.5 part of glycine, 0.2 part of an auxiliary agent, 0.3 part of a functional agent and 50 parts of deionized water;
and S2, adding the functional agent, the auxiliary agent and deionized water into a stirring tank, stirring at the rotating speed of 100r/min for 20min, adding alginic acid, algal oligosaccharides, polyphenol capsules, a CO2 storage material and glycine, keeping the rotating speed unchanged, and continuously stirring and mixing for 1h to obtain the nutrient solution.
Wherein the polyphenol capsule is prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 16g of beta-cyclodextrin in 60mL of deionized water, heating to 55 ℃, stirring for 20min to obtain a beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution, dissolving 8g of quercetin in 35.4mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, dropwise adding the beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution under the condition of the rotation speed of 60r/min, keeping the temperature at 60 ℃, stirring for 4h, cooling to room temperature, placing in a refrigerator for refrigeration at 5 ℃ for 12h, taking out and filtering, washing a filter cake with an ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 30%, and finally drying at 60 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the polyphenol capsule.
Wherein, the auxiliary agent is prepared by the following steps:
step B1, adding 0.1mol of 4-amino-1-methyl-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid and 58.4mL of DMF (dimethyl formamide) into a three-neck flask, stirring for 3min, dropwise adding 0.7mL of thionyl chloride into the three-neck flask, refluxing and stirring for reaction for 3h after dropwise adding is finished, washing with deionized water after the reaction is finished, extracting with ethyl acetate, and removing the ethyl acetate by reduced pressure distillation to obtain an intermediate 1;
and step B2, adding 0.1mol of intermediate 1 and 50mL of dichloromethane into a three-neck flask, introducing nitrogen for 5min, adding 10mL of dichloromethane solution of 3-diethylamino-1-propylamine, stirring at the rotation speed of 100r/min for reaction for 4h, after the reaction is finished, adding deionized water for washing, adjusting the pH value to 8 by using sodium carbonate solution with the concentration of 0.5mol/L, extracting by using dichloromethane, washing organic phase by using water and saturated saline solution successively, drying by using anhydrous sodium sulfate, and removing dichloromethane by reduced pressure distillation to obtain the dichloromethane solution of the intermediate 2, 3-diethylamino-1-propylamine, wherein the dichloromethane solution of the intermediate 2, 3-diethylamino-1-propylamine is prepared by using 3-diethylamino-1-propylamine and dichloromethane according to 0.1mol:10mL of the mixture is obtained;
and step B3, sequentially adding 0.1mol of intermediate 2, 0.05mol of 1, 4-dibromobutane and 68.7mL of isopropanol into a three-neck flask, heating while stirring, carrying out reflux reaction for 6h, after the reaction is finished, carrying out reduced pressure distillation to remove the isopropanol, and then, adding a solvent into the three-neck flask in a volume ratio of the isopropanol to ethyl acetate of 1:1, recrystallizing for 3 times to obtain the auxiliary agent;
wherein, CO2The reservoir material is made by the following steps:
under the condition of room temperature, 20g of ethylenediamine and 20g of polyethylene glycol are added into a three-neck flask, stirred at the rotating speed of 60r/min for 20min, and then CO with the volume fraction of 99.9 percent is added2Introducing gas into a three-neck flask at a flow rate of 250mL/min, after 30min, the solution turns turbid from clear, after 60min, the solution becomes solid, and continuously introducing CO2Gas is pumped and filtered for 30min, filter cakes are washed for 2 times by absolute ethyl alcohol and are dried for 4h in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 60 ℃, and CO is obtained2A reservoir material;
the functional agent is prepared from lanthanum nitrate, calcium nitrate and gadolinium acetate according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1 are mixed.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a nutrient solution which is prepared by the following steps:
step S1, preparing the following raw materials in parts by weight: alginic acid 1 part, seaweed oligosaccharide 1 part, polyphenol capsule 0.8 part, CO22.4 parts of a storage material, 0.7 part of glycine, 0.3 part of an auxiliary agent, 0.3 part of a functional agent and 70 parts of deionized water;
and S2, adding the functional agent, the auxiliary agent and deionized water into a stirring tank, stirring for 20min at the rotation speed of 150r/min, adding alginic acid, seaweed oligosaccharide, polyphenol capsules, a CO2 storage material and glycine, continuously stirring and mixing for 1.5h to obtain the nutrient solution, wherein the rotation speed is unchanged.
Wherein the polyphenol capsule is prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 16g of beta-cyclodextrin in 70mL of deionized water, heating to 58 ℃, stirring for 20min to obtain a beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution, dissolving 8g of quercetin in 38.7mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, dropwise adding the beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution under the condition of the rotation speed of 80r/min, keeping the temperature at 60 ℃, stirring for 4h, cooling to room temperature, refrigerating for 13h at 5 ℃ in a refrigerator, taking out, filtering, washing a filter cake with an ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 30%, and finally drying at 60 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the polyphenol capsule.
The auxiliary agent is prepared by the following steps:
step B1, adding 0.1mol of 4-amino-1-methyl-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid and 60.2mL of DMF (dimethyl formamide) into a three-neck flask, stirring for 3min, dropwise adding 0.9mL of thionyl chloride into the three-neck flask, refluxing and stirring for reaction for 3h after dropwise adding is finished, washing with deionized water after the reaction is finished, extracting with ethyl acetate, and removing the ethyl acetate by reduced pressure distillation to obtain an intermediate 1;
and step B2, adding 0.1mol of intermediate 1 and 50mL of dichloromethane into a three-neck flask, introducing nitrogen for 8min, adding 10mL of dichloromethane solution of 3-diethylamino-1-propylamine, stirring at the rotation speed of 50r/min for reaction for 4h, after the reaction is finished, adding deionized water for washing, adjusting the pH value to 9 by using sodium carbonate solution with the concentration of 0.5mol/L, extracting by using dichloromethane, washing organic phase by using water and saturated saline solution successively, drying by using anhydrous sodium sulfate, and removing dichloromethane by reduced pressure distillation to obtain the dichloromethane solution of the intermediate 2, 3-diethylamino-1-propylamine, wherein the dichloromethane solution of the intermediate 2, 3-diethylamino-1-propylamine is prepared by using 3-diethylamino-1-propylamine and dichloromethane according to 0.1mol:10mL of the mixture is mixed;
and step B3, sequentially adding 0.1mol of intermediate 2, 0.05mol of 1, 4-dibromobutane and 70mL of isopropanol into a three-neck flask, heating while stirring, carrying out reflux reaction for 6 hours, carrying out reduced pressure distillation to remove the isopropanol after the reaction is finished, and then, adding the isopropanol and ethyl acetate in a volume ratio of 1:1, recrystallizing for 3 times to obtain an auxiliary agent;
wherein, CO2The reservoir material is made by the steps of:
at room temperature, 20g of ethylenediamine and 20g of polyethylene glycol are added into a three-neck flask, stirred at the rotating speed of 80r/min for 20min, and then CO with the volume fraction of 99.9 percent is added2Introducing gas into a three-neck flask at a flow rate of 250mL/min, after 30min, the solution turns turbid from clear, after 60min, the solution becomes solid, and continuously introducing CO2Gas is pumped and filtered for 32min, filter cakes are washed for 2.5 times by absolute ethyl alcohol and are dried for 5h in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain CO2A reservoir material;
the functional agent is prepared from lanthanum nitrate, calcium nitrate and gadolinium acetate according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1 are mixed.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a nutrient solution which is prepared by the following steps:
step S1, preparing the following raw materials in parts by weight: alginic acid 1 part, alga oligosaccharide 1 part, polyphenol capsule 1.3 parts, CO22.8 parts of a storage material, 0.8 part of glycine, 0.4 part of an auxiliary agent, 0.3 part of a functional agent and 80 parts of deionized water;
and S2, adding the functional agent, the auxiliary agent and deionized water into a stirring tank, stirring at the rotating speed of 200r/min for 20min, adding alginic acid, algal oligosaccharides, polyphenol capsules, a CO2 storage material and glycine, keeping the rotating speed unchanged, and continuously stirring and mixing for 2h to obtain the nutrient solution.
Wherein the polyphenol capsule is prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 16g of beta-cyclodextrin in 80mL of deionized water, heating to 60 ℃, stirring for 20min to obtain a beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution, dissolving 8g of quercetin in 42.7mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, dropwise adding the beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution under the condition of the rotation speed of 100r/min, keeping the temperature at 60 ℃, stirring for 4h, cooling to room temperature, placing in a refrigerator for refrigeration at 5 ℃ for 14h, taking out and filtering, washing a filter cake with an ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 30%, and finally drying at 60 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the polyphenol capsule.
The auxiliary agent is prepared by the following steps:
step B1, adding 0.1mol of 4-amino-1-methyl-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid and 62.1mL of DMF (dimethyl formamide) into a three-neck flask, stirring for 3min, dropwise adding 1.1mL of thionyl chloride into the three-neck flask, refluxing and stirring for reaction for 3h after dropwise adding is finished, washing with deionized water after the reaction is finished, extracting with ethyl acetate, and removing the ethyl acetate through reduced pressure distillation to obtain an intermediate 1;
and step B2, adding 0.1mol of intermediate 1 and 50mL of dichloromethane into a three-neck flask, introducing nitrogen for 10min, adding 10mL of dichloromethane solution of 3-diethylamino-1-propylamine, stirring at the rotation speed of 200r/min for reaction for 4h, after the reaction is finished, adding deionized water for washing, adjusting the pH value to 10 by using sodium carbonate solution with the concentration of 0.5mol/L, extracting by using dichloromethane, washing organic phase by using water and saturated saline solution successively, drying by using anhydrous sodium sulfate, and removing dichloromethane by reduced pressure distillation to obtain the dichloromethane solution of the intermediate 2, 3-diethylamino-1-propylamine, wherein the dichloromethane solution of the intermediate 2, 3-diethylamino-1-propylamine is prepared by using 3-diethylamino-1-propylamine and dichloromethane according to 0.1mol:10mL of the mixture is mixed;
and step B3, sequentially adding 0.1mol of intermediate 2, 0.05mol of 1, 4-dibromobutane and 72.4mL of isopropanol into a three-neck flask, heating while stirring, carrying out reflux reaction for 6h, after the reaction is finished, carrying out reduced pressure distillation to remove the isopropanol, and then, carrying out reaction on the isopropanol and ethyl acetate in a volume ratio of 1:1, recrystallizing for 3 times to obtain an auxiliary agent;
wherein, CO2The reservoir material is made by the following steps:
under the condition of room temperature, 20g of ethylenediamine and 20g of polyethylene glycol are added into a three-neck flask, stirred at the rotating speed of 100r/min for 20min, and then CO with the volume fraction of 99.9 percent is added2Introducing gas into a three-neck flask at a flow rate of 250mL/min, after 30min, clarifying the solution to become turbid, after 60min, allowing the solution to have solid, and continuously introducing CO2Gas for 35minSuction filtering, washing the filter cake with anhydrous ethanol for 3 times, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 60 deg.C for 6 hr to obtain CO2A reservoir material;
the functional agent is prepared from lanthanum nitrate, calcium nitrate and gadolinium acetate according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1 are mixed.
Comparative example 1
CO of example 12Reservoir materials are removed, and other raw materials and preparation processes are unchanged.
Comparative example 2
The polyphenol capsules of example 2 were removed and the remaining raw materials and preparation process were unchanged.
Comparative example 3
The auxiliary agent in example 3 was removed, and the rest of the raw materials and the preparation process were unchanged.
Example 4
A planting method of pomegranates rich in polyphenol comprises the following steps:
the first step, planting: selecting pomegranate seedlings with plump branches and leaves for planting, wherein the planting distance is within 250cm in the transverse direction and the vertical direction;
step two, field management: irrigating and fertilizing, ensuring proper soil humidity and draining waterlogging in time when heavy rain occurs; the fertilization can be carried out in different seasons, and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in spring; applying compound fertilizer in summer and autumn;
thirdly, flower and fruit thinning: when 65% of flower buds of the pomegranate tree are exposed, thinning flowers, cutting off the flower spikes with poor growth, reserving one cluster of flower spikes with good growth state on every 15cm of the branches, reserving 1 high-quality pomegranate small fruit in each cluster after the flower spikes wither to grow fruits, and cutting off redundant pomegranate small fruits; weeding, pruning and shaping, cold protection, pest control and drainage and irrigation are carried out according to a common method;
fourthly, spraying nutrient solution: bagging pomegranate fruits, and spraying the nutrient solution of the embodiment 1 once every 7 days before the pomegranate fruits are ripe, wherein the spraying amount is 60g per plant;
fifthly, picking: and picking, packaging and storing after the small pomegranate fruits are ripe.
Wherein the nitrogen fertilizer applied in spring comprises the following raw materials:
30 kilograms of organic fertilizer and 14 percent of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium: 20:3 kilograms of 20 compound fertilizers, 0.1 kilogram of ammonium molybdate and 0.1 kilogram of zinc sulfate.
The compound fertilizer applied in summer and autumn comprises the following raw materials:
the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15.
Example 5
A planting method of pomegranates rich in polyphenol comprises the following steps:
the first step, planting: selecting pomegranate seedlings with plump branches and leaves for planting, wherein the planting distance is in the range of 250-350cm horizontally and vertically;
step two, field management: irrigating and fertilizing, ensuring proper soil humidity and draining waterlogging in time when heavy rain occurs; the fertilization can be carried out in different seasons, and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in spring; applying compound fertilizer in summer and autumn;
thirdly, flower and fruit thinning: when 65% of flower buds of the pomegranate tree are exposed, thinning flowers, cutting off the flower spikes with poor growth, reserving one cluster of flower spikes with good growth state on every 20cm of the branches, reserving 3 high-quality pomegranate small fruits on each cluster after the flower spikes wither to grow fruits, and cutting off redundant pomegranate small fruits; weeding, pruning and shaping, cold protection, pest control and drainage and irrigation are carried out according to a common method;
fourthly, spraying nutrient solution: bagging pomegranate fruits, and spraying the nutrient solution of the embodiment 2 every 7 days before the pomegranate fruits are ripe, wherein the spraying amount is 70g per plant;
fifthly, picking: and picking, packaging and storing after the small pomegranate fruits are ripe.
Wherein the nitrogen fertilizer applied in spring comprises the following raw materials:
40 kilograms of organic fertilizer and 14 proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium: 20: 4 kilograms of compound fertilizer, 0.1 kilogram of ammonium molybdate and 0.1 kilogram of zinc sulfate.
The compound fertilizer applied in summer and autumn comprises the following raw materials:
the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15:20:30, 1.5 kilograms of compound fertilizer, 0.05 kilogram of calcium chloride, 0.01 kilogram of borax and 0.01 kilogram of organic selenium fertilizer.
Example 6
A planting method of pomegranates rich in polyphenol comprises the following steps:
the first step, planting: selecting pomegranate seedlings with plump branches and leaves for planting, wherein the planting distance is in the range of 250-350cm in the transverse direction and the vertical direction;
step two, field management: irrigating and fertilizing to ensure that the soil humidity is proper and drainage is carried out in time when heavy rain occurs; the fertilization can be carried out in different seasons, and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in spring; applying compound fertilizer in summer and autumn;
thirdly, flower and fruit thinning: when 62% of flower buds of the pomegranate tree are exposed, thinning flowers, cutting off flower spikes with poor growth, reserving a cluster of flower spikes with good growth state on every 30cm of branches and trunks during thinning flowers, reserving 4 high-quality pomegranate small fruits on each cluster after the flower spikes wither to grow fruits, and cutting off redundant pomegranate small fruits; weeding, pruning and shaping, cold protection, pest control and irrigation and drainage according to a common method;
fourthly, spraying nutrient solution: bagging pomegranate fruit, and spraying the nutrient solution of the embodiment 3 every 7 days before the pomegranate fruit is ripe, wherein the spraying amount is 80g per plant;
fifthly, picking: and picking, packaging and storing after the pomegranate small fruits are ripe.
Wherein the nitrogen fertilizer applied in spring comprises the following raw materials:
the proportion of 50 kg of organic fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 14:20: 4 kg of 20 compound fertilizers, 0.1 kg of ammonium molybdate and 0.1 kg of zinc sulfate.
The compound fertilizer applied in summer and autumn comprises the following raw materials:
the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15:20:30 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.05 kg of calcium chloride, 0.01 kg of borax and 0.01 kg of organic selenium fertilizer.
Comparative example 4
The nutrient solution of example 4 was replaced with the nutrient solution of comparative example 1, and the remaining steps were unchanged.
Comparative example 5
The nutrient solution of example 5 was replaced with the nutrient solution of comparative example 2, and the remaining steps were unchanged.
Comparative example 6
The nutrient solution of example 6 was replaced with the nutrient solution of comparative example 3, and the remaining steps were unchanged.
The planting methods of examples 4-6 and comparative examples 4-6 were used to plant the same variety of pomegranate, six test plots were adjacent and the initial fertility was the same, the planting density of each plot was the same, and the planting conditions such as watering, pest management were the same except for the differences in the planting conditions described in the examples and comparative examples, and the acre yield of the pomegranate trees and the polyphenol content in the pomegranate fruits were tested, with the test results shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, the pomegranates obtained by the planting methods of examples 4 to 6 have high yield, large fruits, and high contents of pomegranate polyphenols and anthocyanins, and therefore, the planting method for pomegranates provided by the present invention can effectively increase the polyphenol content in pomegranate fruits, increase the nutritional content in fruits, and lay a foundation for the subsequent extraction of pomegranate polyphenols.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is illustrative and explanatory only, and it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications, additions and substitutions can be made to the embodiments described without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. The planting method of the pomegranate rich in polyphenol is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step, planting: selecting pomegranate seedlings to plant, wherein the planting distance is 250-350cm in the transverse direction and the vertical direction;
step two, field management: irrigating and fertilizing;
thirdly, flower and fruit thinning: when thinning flowers, reserving a cluster of flower spikes every 15-30cm on the branches, and reserving 1-4 pomegranate small fruits in each cluster after the flower spikes wither to grow fruits;
fourthly, spraying nutrient solution: bagging pomegranate fruits, and spraying a nutrient solution once every 7 days before the pomegranate fruits are ripe, wherein the spraying amount is 60-80g per plant;
fifthly, picking: picking, packaging and storing after the pomegranate small fruits are ripe;
wherein, the nutrient solution is prepared by the following steps:
mixing alginic acid, alginate oligosaccharide, polyphenol capsule, and CO2Uniformly mixing a storage material, glycine, an auxiliary agent, a functional agent and deionized water to obtain a nutrient solution;
the auxiliary agent is prepared by the following steps:
step B1, mixing 4-amino-1-methyl-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid and DMF, dropwise adding thionyl chloride, refluxing, stirring and reacting for 3 hours, washing, extracting, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain an intermediate 1;
step B2, adding the intermediate 1 and dichloromethane into a three-neck flask, introducing nitrogen for 5-10min, adding dichloromethane solution of 3-diethylamino-1-propylamine, stirring for reaction for 4h, adjusting the pH value to 8-10 by using sodium carbonate solution, extracting, washing, drying, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain an intermediate 2;
step B3, mixing the intermediate 2, 1, 4-dibromobutane and isopropanol, carrying out reflux reaction for 6 hours, carrying out reduced pressure distillation, and recrystallizing to obtain an auxiliary agent;
the dosage ratio of the 4-amino-1-methyl-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid, the DMF and the thionyl chloride in the step B1 is 0.1mol:58.4-62.1mL:0.7-1.1mL, dichloromethane solution of 3-diethylamino-1-propylamine in step B2 was prepared from 3-diethylamino-1-propylamine and dichloromethane in the following ratio of 0.1mol:10mL, and the dosage ratio of the intermediate 2, 1, 4-dibromobutane and isopropanol in the step B3 is 0.1mol:0.05mol:68.7-72.4mL;
the functional agent is prepared from lanthanum nitrate, calcium nitrate and gadolinium acetate according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1 by mixing.
2. The pomegranate planting method that is rich in polyphenols according to claim 1, wherein the polyphenol capsule is prepared by the following steps:
dissolving beta-cyclodextrin in deionized water, heating to 55-60 ℃, stirring for 20min to obtain a beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution, dissolving quercetin in absolute ethyl alcohol, dropwise adding the beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution, keeping the temperature at 60 ℃, stirring for 4h, cooling to room temperature, refrigerating in a refrigerator, performing suction filtration, washing a filter cake, and drying to obtain the polyphenol capsule.
3. The planting method of pomegranate rich in polyphenols according to claim 2, wherein the ratio of the amount of beta-cyclodextrin to the amount of deionized water to the amount of quercetin to the amount of absolute ethanol is 16g:60-80mL:8g:35.4-42.7mL.
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