CN114000882A

CN114000882A - A collaborative mining method of caving method and filling method in the same mining area

Info

Publication number: CN114000882A
Application number: CN202111295830.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 武拴军; 李宏业; 何建元; 龙卫国; 钟立鹏; 龚臻; 李广宽
Original assignee: Jinchuan Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Jinchuan Group Nickel Cobalt Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-11-03
Filing date: 2021-11-03
Publication date: 2022-02-01

Abstract

The invention discloses a collaborative mining method of caving method and filling method in the same mining area. The process includes the following steps: 1) stope layout and structural parameter selection, the section height is 15m, and a total of 4 sections are set; 3) mining Operation, mining sequence The mining sequence is from the upper subsection to the down subsection in space, and the mining is withdrawn from the upper wall to the lower wall in each subsection, and the ore body is gradually recovered in sequence from the east end to the west end; 4) Stope Ventilation, the fresh air flow required by the stope enters each sub-section roadway through the air inlet patio, the mining quasi slope, and the measure slope; 5) stope support; 6) coordinated mining by filling method and caving method. The invention can solve the problem that in the current mining method, the cemented backfill in the upper and middle section of the 1610m horizontal range of 5-7 rows of the mining area will collapse in a large area and penetrate to the surface, forming a larger surface subsidence area, so that the 1554m middle section of the upper stope is cemented and filled for mining. Completely discontinued issue.

Description

Caving method and filling method collaborative mining method for same mining area

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of mining methods, in particular to a caving method and a filling method collaborative mining method for the same mining area.

Background

The same mining method is generally adopted for the same ore body, and double-middle-section stoping is adopted when the ore body is thicker. The Longshou West two-mining area is designed to mine ore bodies with the height of more than 1254m, the middle section height is 100m, and four middle sections of 1554m, 1454m, 1354m and 1254m are arranged in the vertical direction of the ore bodies. Every middle section divide into thing 2 extent, and the extent width of the extent is 100m, and every extent sets up 2 and adopts the district. Double-middle-section extraction is adopted, wherein first-stage 1554 middle sections and 1430 middle sections are extracted, the first-stage section of the 1554 middle section is 1630m, the first-stage section of the 1430 middle section is 1534m, and extraction is carried out simultaneously. The mining method adopts a mechanized downward drift cemented filling mining method, as shown in figures 1-3, and the development mode is the combined development of a main well, an auxiliary well and a slope way.

(1) Extent arrangement and structural parameters

Divide the ore body into the panel to the panel organizes production for the recovery unit, and the panel is arranged along the trend, and length is 100m, and the width is ore body thickness. A plurality of ore removal inlet passages 4 are arranged in the panel area, the inlet passages are arranged in a vertical direction, and when the thickness of an ore body becomes thinner, the ore removal inlet passages 4 are arranged along the direction. The middle section height is 100m, and the segment height is 20 m. No studs are left between the disc compartments. The height of stope layers is 2.5m, and each sectional roadway bears 8 layered stoping works. The stoping route is hexagonal, the section size is 5m high, 6m wide in the middle, and 4m wide in the top and bottom.

(2) Mining accurate cutting

The mining and cutting project mainly comprises an extravein segmental roadway 1, a layered connecting channel 2, an ore waste ore draw shaft 5, a draw shaft connecting channel, a layered channel in an ore body and the like. The sectional roadway 1 is arranged outside the footwall vein, and the drop shafts 5 are arranged outside the footwall vein, and the distance between the sectional roadway 1 and the drop shafts is 100m along the trend direction. The sectional roadways are communicated through a mining slope ramp 8, and a layered connecting channel 2 is dug from the sectional roadway 1 to lead to an ore body. A return air courtyard 7 is erected and filled along a downward return mining straight road in a stope, and a ladder room is arranged in the courtyard and used as a safety outlet of the stope.

(3) Recovery operations

All mining processes in the panel are operated in parallel in a plurality of routes respectively, and the stoping sequence among the routes is interval stoping.

The rock drilling adopts a Boomer282 two-arm rock drilling trolley, the blast holes are horizontally arranged, the diameter of each blast hole is phi 42mm, the depth of each blast hole is 3.2m, and the mesh degree of each blast hole is 0.8m multiplied by 1.0 m. The explosive adopts a No. 2 rock emulsion explosive, a non-electric conductive blasting system is used for blasting, and ventilation needs to be enhanced after blasting so as to discharge blasting smoke as soon as possible. Ore removal is carried out by adopting a JCCY-6 diesel scraper, and stope ore and waste rocks are directly conveyed to the ore pass 5 outside the vein of each section by the scraper.

(4) Stope ventilation

Fresh air flow required by the stope enters the subsection roadway 1 from each middle section through the middle section air inlet well and the mining slope 8, and enters the stope through the layered connecting channel 2. After the dirty wind washes the stope face, the dirty wind is discharged to the upper part filling return air duct 9 through the filling return air raise in the stope.

(5) Stope filling

After the recovery of each route 4 is finished, a retaining wall is arranged at an entrance of each route, the filling is closed and layered, a filling pipe is filled into the filling route through a filling and air return sky underground, and the routes all adopt a sand-lime ratio of 1: 4 (cement: rod mill sand: waste stone =1:2: 2) cemented filling, the filling slurry concentration is 78%. In order to ensure the operation safety of stope personnel, a steel bar, a metal net and a connection steel bar are paved on a bottom plate of the filling access and are connected with an upper filling body into a whole.

In 2016, the middle section of 1610m in the middle of 3-month-west mining area of the upper part and the horizontal range of 5-7 rows unexpectedly collapses in a large area and penetrates to the ground surface to form a large ground surface collapse area, so that the cement filling mining of the middle section of 1554m in the upper mining area is completely stopped. .

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a caving method and filling method collaborative mining method for the same mining area, which can solve the problem that the existing mining method can cause large-area collapse of a cemented filling body in the range of 5-7 rows at the level of 1610m of the upper middle section of the mining area and penetrate the cemented filling body to the ground surface to form a large ground surface collapse area, so that the cemented filling mining of the middle section of 1554m of the upper mining area is completely stopped.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a caving method and a filling method collaborative mining method in the same mining area comprises the following steps:

1) stope layout and structural parameter selection

The height of each segment is 15m, 4 segments are arranged, and the segments are 1595m, 1580m, 1565m and 1546m from top to bottom respectively;

2) mining accurate cutting

Arranging a subsection roadway, an ore chute, an air inlet patio and an air return patio on the lower tray of an ore body, arranging the subsection roadway along the vein, arranging an ore removal approach perpendicular to the trend of the ore body, spacing 15m along the trend of the ore body, tunneling a cutting gallery on the boundary of the upper tray of the ore body and perpendicular to the ore removal approach, communicating adjacent subsection roadways through a mining preparation slope way, drilling wedge-shaped rock drilling blast holes in the cutting gallery, and blasting the cutting gallery as a free surface to form a cutting groove;

3) recovery operations

The stoping sequence is mined from an upper section to a lower section in space, the mining is carried out from the upper disc to the lower disc in each section, the ore body is stoped from the east end to the west end gradually, upward sector-shaped rock drilling blast holes are drilled in an ore removal route, each row of 1595m section has 10-11 blast holes, the longest blast hole depth is 14.3m, the total length of one row face blast hole is 118m-126m, the diameter of the blast hole is 80mm, the row spacing of the blast holes is 2.2m, 1580m section and 1565m section are provided, each row has 11-12 blast holes, the longest blast hole depth is 17.0m, the total length of one row face blast hole is 146m-155m, 1546m section is provided, each row has 11-12 blast holes, the longest blast hole depth is 21.8m, and the total length of one row face blast hole is 150m-168m;

4) stope ventilation

Fresh air flow required by a stope enters each subsection roadway from the middle section through an air inlet raise 23, a mining accurate slope ramp 8 and a measure slope ramp, and the fresh air flow is introduced into a working face by a local fan, such as ore removal, rock drilling, charging, supporting and tunneling;

5) stope support

The roadway is supported by a single-layer shotcrete net, the thickness of the shotcrete is 100mm, the metal net is made of round steel with the diameter of 6.5mm, the net depth is 150mm multiplied by 150mm, the length of an anchor rod is 2.25m, the diameter is 18mm, the row spacing is 1.0m multiplied by 1.0m, a double-layer shotcrete net is adopted for supporting in a section with poor ore rock, the supporting is divided into two times, and each supporting parameter is consistent with the supporting of the single-layer shotcrete net;

6) mining by combining filling method and caving method

The ore body of the upper middle section is positioned between 1546 plus 1613m, the height of the ore body is only 67m, after the upper middle section is changed into a sill pillar-free sublevel caving method, four stoping subsections can be arranged along the height direction of the ore body, the four subsections are respectively positioned at 1595m level, 1580m level, 1565m level and 1546m level, the stoping route spacing in a stope is 15m, the ore caving step distance is 2.2m, ore drawing is controlled according to 45% of ore caving amount of the first mining subsection, ore drawing is carried out according to 80% of ore caving amount of the second subsection, and low-dilution ore drawing is carried out according to the third and fourth subsections;

the method comprises the steps that in the initial stage of the caving method, the stoping project of a caving method stope is arranged firstly when the filling method is changed into the initial stage of the caving method, the filling mining of 1613m horizontal of the upper middle section cannot be completely stopped in the transition period, the upper middle section is divided into an east area and a west area by taking a 9-line exploration line as a boundary, the stoping project of a 1595m first mining subsection of the caving method stope is completed as soon as possible by the east on the 9-line exploration line, the mining of the 9-line exploration line is continued to be carried out by using the cemented filling method in the west, the stoping of the upper middle section is planned to be completely stopped when the stoping is carried out from 1613m horizontal to 1600m horizontal, all 1580m subsections are changed into the caving method for mining, and then the caving method of the upper middle section and the filling method of the lower middle section are kept to be cooperatively mined in a quite long period.

Wherein in the step 2), the net diameter of the ore pass is phi 3.5 m.

In the step 2), the width multiplied by the height of the net section size of the cutting roadway is 4.6m multiplied by 4.3 m.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: aiming at the complex situation of collaborative mining of the West two-mining-area cemented filling method and the sublevel caving method, the invention researches and establishes the key technical scheme of efficient and smooth connection of the filling method and the caving method. The existing development, accurate mining, ventilation, drainage and other projects of the original upper middle section filling method are fully utilized, the efficient, smooth and seamless connection between the filling method and the caving method is realized, and all development and mining and cutting projects (including various chambers) of the original cemented filling method are fully and effectively utilized, so that a caving method stope is put into production at the highest speed, and huge economic cost and time cost are saved. The invention can adopt a caving method to mine the upper parts of the upper and lower middle sections and a filling method to mine the lower parts, realizes double middle section mining in the same mining area, reduces the excavation amount of development projects and mining accurate projects, and improves the production efficiency.

Drawings

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the implementation process.

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a down-cut cemented filling mining method.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along line i-i of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view ii-ii of fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a sectional view B-B of fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view C-C of fig. 4.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the stope of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the stope of the present invention in a horizontal orientation.

The mining method comprises the following steps of 1, a subsection roadway, 2, a layering connecting roadway, 3, a layering roadway, 4, a stoping approach road, 5, an ore draw shaft, 6, a waste rock draw shaft, 7, an off-road filling return shaft, 8, a mining preparation slope road, 9, a ventilation roadway, 10, a rail transportation approach road, 11, a rail transportation approach road, 12, a filling body, 13, an ore body, 14, a rock drilling blast hole, 15, an ore discharging approach road, 16.1554 middle section upper filling body, 17.1554 middle section lower filling body, 18, a cutting drift road, 19, a sill pillar-free subsection roadway, 20, a connecting roadway, 21, a filling subsection roadway, 22, an ore draw shaft, 23, a return air raise, 24, ore caving, 25, a sill-free subsection caving stope, 26, a cemented filling stope, 27.1595 m subsection 28.1580 m, 29,

1565m subsection

30, 1546 m.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following detailed description. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 4-6, large-area caving of 5-7 rows of cemented filling bodies and overlying strata in the west second mining area further releases the construction pressure of the mine outside the two fault layers, which creates extremely favorable conditions for caving mining and support of stoping roadways. The sublevel caving method without the sill pillar has the particularity in the aspects of mining methods, structural parameters and stoping processes, so that the caving and covering layer forming and the stoping process of the sublevel caving method without the sill pillar on the upper part of an ore body are highly uniform, additional projects are not required to be arranged, and the sublevel caving method without the sill pillar can be realized only by carrying out necessary plans on stoping positions, sequences and advancing speeds. It is for this reason that the transition from cemented filling to sill pillar free sublevel caving is also relatively simple and straightforward. The original main exploitation, lifting transportation, ventilation system and main mining preparation engineering of the cemented filling method are basically fully utilized. As the formation process of the overburden is completed, the transition between the two mining methods will be substantially complete.

(1) Stope layout and structural parameter selection

The segment height is 15m, 4 segments are provided, which are

1595m segment

27,

1580m segment

28,

1565m segment

29 and 1546m segment 30 from top to bottom, respectively. Due to the mine's requirement for ore production, the 9-line exploration line restored downward path cemented filling mining to the 1600m level in the west range in 2019. Therefore, according to the current state of mine production, the breakout height of the section 9 with 1580m is 20m in west and the section 27 with 1595m, the breakout height of the section 9 with 1580m is 15m in east and the section 29 with 1565m, and the breakout height of the section 30 with 1546m is 19 m. The route distance and the ore caving step distance are respectively 15m and 2.2 m;

(2) mining accurate cutting

The mining preparation project mainly comprises a sublevel roadway 19 of a sill pillar-free sublevel caving method, an ore removal access 15, an air return raise 23, a cutting drift 18, a connecting road 20 and an ore pass 22;

the sublevel roadway 19, the ore pass 22, the air inlet pass and the air return pass 23 are all arranged on the lower plate of the ore body, and the net diameter of the ore pass 22 is phi 3.5 m. The sublevel roadway 19 of the sill pillar-free sublevel caving method is arranged along the vein, the ore removal access road 15 is arranged perpendicular to the trend of the ore body, and the interval is 15m along the trend of the ore body. And (4) tunneling a cutting drift 18 at the boundary of the upper plate of the ore body and the vertical ore removal route. The sublevel roadways 19 of the sublevel caving method without the bottom pillar are communicated through a mining accurate slope ramp;

the wedge-shaped rock drilling blast hole 14 is drilled in the cutting drift 18, the cutting drift 18 is used as a free surface to blast to form a cutting groove, and in order to ensure the free surface compensation space when the wedge-shaped blast hole is subjected to groove-drawing, the net section size of the cutting drift 18 is 4.6m multiplied by 4.3m (width multiplied by height). When the groove is broached, firstly, a wedge-shaped space is formed on a top plate of a cutting roadway in a shallow hole blasting mode in the cutting roadway, then 6 rows of approximately symmetrical inclined blast holes are respectively arranged on two sides, a first blasting area of the cutting groove is formed in a micro-difference blasting mode, and then the two sides are continuously blasted to form the groove by adopting a fan-shaped hole row surface vertical to the cutting groove roadway. Each row of cutting blast holes has 4 blast holes, the total length of the blast holes is 22m, the diameter of the blast holes is phi 80mm, and the row spacing is 1.4 m.

(3) Recovery operations

The stoping sequence is mined from the upper subsection to the lower subsection in space, and in each subsection, stoping is carried out from the upper tray to the lower tray, and stoping is carried out from the east end to the west end of the ore body gradually and sequentially.

The drilling adopts a Simba1254 type medium-length hole drilling jumbo to drill upward sector-shaped drilling blast holes 14 in a mine removal access 15, the total number of 10 blast holes in each row of a first mining section is 14.3m, the longest blast hole depth is 14.3m, the total length of blast holes on one row surface is 118m, the diameter of the blast holes is phi 80mm, and the row spacing of the blast holes is 2.2

m. 1580m section

28 and 1565m section 29, each row has 11 blast holes, the longest blast hole depth is 17.0m, and the total length of the blast holes of one row surface is 146 m. 1546m, each row has 11 blast holes, the longest blast hole depth is 21.8m, and the total length of blast holes in one row is 150 m. The rock drilling blast hole 14 is filled with granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive by a charging trolley, and a non-electric explosion system is detonated. The exploded ore 11 is removed from the end of the ore removal route 15 by adopting the existing JCCY-6 diesel carry scraper of the mine, each carry scraper is responsible for ore removal operation of 6 effective routes, and the ore removal capacity of the carry scraper is 38 multiplied by 104t/a according to the average ore removal distance. The ores shoveled out from the stope are conveyed to each subsection ore pass 22, and are lowered to 1430m middle section rail transportation vein and rail transportation vein-crossing.

1595m27 the first mining test segment is mainly used for forming a covering layer and creating good conditions for the mining of the lower segment by the sublevel caving method without a sill pillar. Therefore, ore drawing is carried out in a total amount control ore drawing mode, the ore drawing amount of the step pitch is 30% of the ore caving amount of the step pitch according to the current test production situation, and the rest ore amount is extracted in subsequent subsections.

The 1580m subsection 28 also adopts an ore drawing mode of 'total amount control ore drawing' to control ore drawing, the ore drawing amount of the step pitch is 80% of the ore drawing amount of the step pitch caving, the upper filling body 16 of the middle section of 1554 can be ensured to be completely, fully and safely caving, and a waste rock covering layer required by the sill pillar-free subsection caving method mining is formed. The 1565m section 29 is drawn when the overburden has been formed, and the section can adopt a low-dilution drawing mode to control drawing, so that the ore can be fully and effectively recovered within the index of ore dilution permission. 1546m section 30 is the last section, and research is considered to use "cut-off grade ore drawing" to recover the ore as much as possible.

Because the elevation of the top plate of the initial stoping route of the 1430m middle section is 1546m, the stoping route bottom plate of the 1546m section 30 of the bottom-pillar-free sublevel caving method is directly positioned above the lower filling body 17 of the 1554 middle section according to the designed segmental division. In order to ensure the safety of the last sublevel stoping access, the mining access is probed in advance (drilling, tunneling and the like can be realized), if a gap or a hole which influences the arrangement and normal production of the stoping roadway does not exist between the 1554 middle-section upper filling body 16 and the 1554 middle-section lower filling body 17, the stoping access can be normally tunneled for stoping. If more holes exist in the lower filling body 17 in the middle section of 1554, certain technical measures (such as pouring cemented filling materials and the like) are adopted for processing, and when the lower filling body can meet the normal production requirement of the upper section, a mining stoping route is tunneled to prepare for the mining work of the 1546m section 14.

(4) Stope ventilation

Fresh air flow required by a stope enters each subsection roadway from the middle section through an air return raise 23, a mining accurate slope ramp 8 and a measure slope ramp, and is introduced into working faces such as ore removal, rock drilling, charging, supporting, tunneling and the like by a local fan.

1595m subsection 27 polluted air is returned to the return air tunnel through 1590m subsection and the existing middle section return air raise 23; the sewage wind of the 1580m subsection 28 returns to a 1554m return air roadway through an auxiliary layer slope way and a middle section return air shaft; the polluted air of the 1565m section 29 and the 1546m section 30 returns to a 1554m return air roadway through a newly-built return air raise, and then is discharged out of the ground surface through the return air raise. In order to ensure good air quality of a stope working face, particularly to discharge blast smoke and dust on the working face as soon as possible after blasting, a local fan is adopted to enhance ventilation.

(5) Stope support

Most of the roadways formed in the current western second mining area are supported by a single-layer shotcrete net, and the thickness of the shotcrete is 100 mm; the metal net is made of round steel with the diameter of 6.5mm, and the mesh degree is 150mm multiplied by 150 mm; the anchor rods are 2.25m long, 18mm in diameter and 1.0m x 1.0m in row spacing. And (3) adopting double-layer shotcrete-anchor net support in a section with slightly poor ore rock, and carrying out support twice, wherein the support parameters of each time are the same as those of single shotcrete-anchor net support.

The stoping access is mainly used for rock drilling, blasting and ore removal during production by a sill pillar-free sublevel caving method, and the existing time is short, so that the adopted supporting mode is single-layer shotcrete-anchor net supporting;

(6) mining by combining filling method and caving method

The collaborative mining scheme of the filling method and the caving method in the west second mining area comprises a collaborative arrangement scheme of a filling method stope and a caving method stope, a back mining sequence collaborative scheme, a productivity collaborative scheme and an exploitation collaborative scheme.

The ore body of the upper middle section of the West two mining area is positioned between 1546-1613m, the height of the ore body is only 67m, after the research on the sublevel caving method without sill pillar, four stoping subsections can be arranged along the height direction of the ore body, the four subsections are respectively positioned at the 1595m level, the 1580m level, the 1565m level and the 1546m level, the spacing of stoping access in the stope is 15m, and the caving step distance is 2.2 m. The main task of the first mining subsection stoping is to induce the roof cemented filling body to fall off to form a covering layer, and in order to prevent the roof cemented filling body from falling off to cause impact damage, enough ore bulk buffer layers need to be reserved on the bottom plate of the dead zone, so that ore removal is controlled by the first mining subsection according to 45% of ore caving amount; ore removal is carried out on the second section according to 80% of ore caving amount; and the third and fourth subsections adopt low-dilution ore drawing.

In the early stage of transition from the filling method to the caving method, the stoping project of a caving method stope needs to be arranged firstly, at this moment, the caving method stope basically has no ore output except for a small amount of ore output generated by route tunneling, and therefore, in order to maintain the ore output in the transition period, the filling mining of the 1613m level of the upper middle section cannot be completely stopped in the transition period. Therefore, a partitioned collaborative stoping scheme is provided, specifically, a 9-line exploration line is taken as a boundary to divide the upper middle section into an east region and a west region, a stoping preparation project of a 1595m first stoping subsection of a caving stope is completed as soon as possible by the east on the 9-line exploration line, and once production conditions are met, the region is timely converted into caving stoping; and the 9-row exploration line continues to carry out stoping by using a cemented filling method in west, the mining of the upper middle section filling method is completely stopped when the exploration line is planned to be stoped from 1613m level to 1600m level, all the 1580m sections are converted into mining by adopting a caving method, then the upper middle section caving method and the filling method of the lower middle section keep collaborative mining for a considerable period of time, and the scheme of the western second mining area filling method and the caving method collaborative mining is shown in figure 7.

1) Productivity coordination scheme

According to the design, the west two mining areas plan 165 ten thousands of annual ore and 5000t daily output, wherein the upper and lower middle sections bear 2500t/d respectively, each middle section divides a mining area every 100m along the trend of the ore body on the plane, four mining areas are divided in total, when each mining area has 2 working faces, the capacity of the mining area can reach 690t/d, and the capacity of each middle section can reach 2760t/d, so that the planning requirement of annual capacity is met. The exploration line of 9 rows in the upper middle section of the transition period fills 1.5 mining areas with the horizontal 1613m in west, and the capacity can reach 1100t/d by planning according to 3 working faces. And in the initial stage of the first mining and subsection stoping of the 1595m caving method, 2-3 rows of blasting can be guaranteed at least every day, and when the ore discharge amount is calculated according to 30% of the ore discharge amount, 700 plus materials can be mined out from the caving method stope every day, and in addition, 500t of mining preparation engineering tunneling ore amount is also left from the caving method stope every day, the ore yield of the whole caving method stope is 1200 plus materials 1500t in the transition period, and at the moment, the comprehensive yield of the upper middle section can basically meet the requirement of 2500 t/d.

Along with the gradual expansion of the stope working face by the caving method, the number of stope working faces is increased, the productivity is further improved, and the stable yield and even yield increase transition are completely possible to realize. Along with the gradual ending of a 9-line exploration line in a western filling method stope, a second section of a caving method stope is gradually put into production, the upper middle section is completely converted into a caving method, 3 rows of caving ores are designed every day after the caving method enters the second section for stoping, ore removal is carried out according to 80% of the caving amount, the daily output of the caving method stope can reach 3000t, if the number of working faces and the number of forklifts are further increased, the capacity is larger, and the daily output of the upper middle section can exceed 2500t/d required by the time. Therefore, the annual output requirement of the mining area can be completely met under the cooperative operation of the upper middle caving method and the lower middle filling method.

2) Development of cooperative scheme

The caving stope is to fully and cooperatively utilize the existing filling stope exploitation system when laying out the mining preparation project, and the main factor of arranging the first mining subsection at the 1595m level also takes the existing exploitation system of the original filling stope into consideration, so that the construction cost can be saved and the project progress can be accelerated. In the caving stoping process, ore which is caved in sections of 1595m, 1580m and 1565m is put down to a 1554m ore transfer middle section by an ore sliding system of an original filling stope, then is put down to the level of 1430m from the 1554m transfer middle section, and finally is put down to a 1120m crushing station in a unified manner, is crushed and then is lifted to the ground surface. And the 1546m sectional ore is directly lowered to the level of 1430m by using an ore sliding system of the original filling stope, then lowered to a 1120m crushing station for crushing, and finally lifted to the ground surface. The lower wall of each section is connected with an auxiliary slope ramp, fresh air flow required by the stope directly enters the stope through the slope ramp, and dirty air returns to the original return air shaft after the stope is cleaned. In addition, the water supply and drainage and waste rock lifting of the caving stope also utilize the existing system of the original filling stope.

3) Stoping sequence coordination scheme

Mining activities of all stopes during collaborative mining by a filling method and a caving method may interfere and affect each other, particularly, the caving method stope gradually approaches a filling stope on the west side along with continuous expansion of a 1595m caving method stope first mining subsection working face in an initial transition stage of an upper middle section, so that mining sequences of the filling method stope and the caving method stope need to be reasonably cooperated, and the superposition of mining pressures of the filling method stope and the caving method stope and the influence of the mining activities (such as blasting vibration) of the filling method stope and the caving method stope are avoided or reduced. According to the principle of increasing the plane distance between the stope face and the stope face as much as possible, the stope sequence from east to west is adopted for both stopes, wherein 4-6# routes of 5 exploration line parts at the east are selected from the initial stope position of the first stope section of the caving stope, and the goaf is uniformly expanded towards the west in a step-like manner in the stope process; and the filling stope is sequentially pushed from east to west, the stope is timely shifted once the stope has the condition of turning to the next layering in the stope process, the stope sequence from east to west is continuously kept after shifting the layering, so that the working face of the filling stope is always kept at a larger horizontal distance from the working face of the caving stope as far as possible, and a schematic diagram of a collaborative scheme of the stope sequence of the upper middle section filling method and the caving stope is shown in fig. 8.

Because the distance between the upper middle-section caving method first mining section and the lower middle-section filling stope is far (the vertical distance is more than 100 m), and the ore body has a certain inclination angle, the influence of the stoping of the caving method first mining section on the lower filling stope is not obvious as that on the upper middle-section filling stope, but in order to reduce the influence on the lower middle-section filling stope caused by stope pressure, blasting vibration, caving impact vibration and the like, the four mining areas of the lower middle-section filling stope are kept in the propulsion sequence from east to west, so that the mining areas and the upper caving method stope are kept at a large distance as far as possible. Meanwhile, necessary safety monitoring measures are taken in the whole process of the collaborative mining of the filling method and the caving method so as to ensure the security of the collaborative mining.

4) Safe production information cooperation scheme

Because the caving method adopts medium-length hole blasting ore breaking, the one-time loading capacity is large, and the generated blasting vibration effect is stronger, the blasting information is informed to each filling stope before blasting to carry out blasting early warning in order to ensure the operation safety of each filling stope during medium-length hole blasting in the caving stope. In addition, the selection of medium-length hole blasting in the caving stope is 19: and 00, in the day-night shift handover time period, the day-night shift personnel leave the stope, the night shift personnel do not enter the stope, the time period is an ideal blasting time period, the safety personnel enter the stope for safety check after the medium-length hole blasting, and the night shift workers are informed to enter the stope for operation after the stope is ensured to be safe.

Meanwhile, the filling stope timely informs the collapse stope of the observed ground pressure activity phenomenon and other dangerous information in the operation process, the collapse stope also timely informs the filling stope of the roof collapse development condition and the ground pressure change condition, all stopes realize the cooperative mutual knowledge of the safety production information, and finally, the cooperative stope scheme is timely adjusted by integrating the safety production information fed back by all stopes.

5) Establishing a safety monitoring and early warning system

In order to ensure the stability of the whole stope in the collaborative mining process of the collapse method and the filling method of the western second stope, the safety and the stability of the stope of the western second stope are dynamically monitored by a series of monitoring means such as microseism monitoring, blasting vibration monitoring, stope ground pressure monitoring and ground surface settlement monitoring.

Firstly, the establishment of a microseism monitoring system

The microseism monitoring technology is a technical method for monitoring the stability of an engineering rock mass by recording elastic waves released in the process of cracking and destroying caused by stress on the rock mass. The technology is widely applied to stability of mine roadways and geological disaster monitoring internationally, and becomes one of main means of safety production management. At present, in different foreign mines, nearly hundreds of micro-earthquake monitoring station networks are in operation.

Caving mining can lead to the formation of a gob, thereby changing the stress state of surrounding rocks, roof fillers and other rock masses. With the development of large-area mining, rock mass in an unsupported state must be deformed and fractured. From the mechanical parameter test values of the rock in the West second mining area, the damage load to the rock is over 30 kN. The vibrational energy excited by this load is sufficient to be picked up by the microseismic sensor.

In order to meet the requirement of the project on micro-earthquake monitoring, the micro-earthquake monitoring network adopts a three-dimensional installation principle. A total of 16 three-component sensors were used, mounted at four elevations, 1650m level, 1554m level, 1494m level and 1430m level, respectively. There are 4 sensors distributed per elevation. To avoid mechanical and traffic noise as much as possible, the remaining 7 sensors were installed at locations with no production activity at 1554m level and 1650m level, except for B3. The 7 sensors (A1, A3, B1-B3 and C1-C2) distributed in the sensor network can effectively monitor the stability of the surrounding rock above and below the 1595m level, and the accuracy of positioning the microseism event is ensured. In view of the sustainability of later microseismic monitoring, 1430m horizontally mounted sensors monitor rock mass fracture activity during deep production in mines. This achieves substantially full coverage of rock monitoring for 1595m horizontal caving, 1474m and 1610m horizontal cut-out.

② blasting vibration monitoring

When the filling stope of the West two-mining area utilizes shallow holes to carry out ore breaking, the single blasting explosive quantity is generally 30-50kg, the caving method adopts medium-length holes to carry out ore breaking, and the single blasting explosive quantity is generally 400-500kg and is 10 times of the shallow hole blasting explosive quantity of the filling stope. In addition, the collapse stope adopts a wedge-shaped medium-length hole well-free blasting slot, the single blasting explosive quantity is designed to exceed 2000kg, and the explosive quantity is 50 times of that of the shallow hole blasting in a filling stope.

In the west second mining area, blasting activities with such large explosive quantities are never carried out, and if the vibration speed generated by the large explosive quantity blasting in the caving method mining area exceeds the maximum vibration speed which can be borne by the cemented filling body in the peripheral filling mining area in the collaborative mining process, the stability of the filling mining area can be damaged. Therefore, in order to master whether the vibration generated by the deep hole blasting in the caving method stope can generate adverse effect on the stability of the filling stope, blasting vibration monitoring is needed, and meanwhile, a monitoring result can also provide scientific basis for the sequence optimization of the parameters of the deep hole blasting in the caving method and the collaborative stoping sequence.

In the collapse method and filling method collaborative mining process of the west two mining areas, blasting vibration monitoring points are respectively arranged on a collapse method stope, a 1610m sectional filling stope and a 1474m sectional filling stope at the lower part for monitoring.

Thirdly stope ground pressure monitoring

In order to master the rock pressure change condition of a lower cemented filling body stope in the process of stoping an upper middle section ore body of a western second mining area by a caving method, rock pressure monitoring work is carried out in a 1494m filling air return project.

The ground pressure change monitoring method is characterized in that a YHY25 (A) mining intrinsic safety type orientable borehole stressometer is adopted to monitor the ground pressure change of a lower cemented filling body, and monitoring equipment mainly comprises a stressometer, a data acquisition instrument, a communication adapter and matched software.

When the device is installed, a drill hole (the hole depth is 1.5m, the hole diameter is 75 mm) is horizontally drilled at a calibrated monitoring point, the drill hole stress meter is pushed into the cemented filling body by a push rod to be drilled to the bottom of the hole, the drill hole stress meter is rotated to enable the bearing block to be in the vertical direction (so as to monitor the pressure change in the vertical direction), an initial stress value is given to the drill hole stress meter by twisting a stress bolt of the drill hole stress meter, the reading of a display instrument is observed, and after the reading of the display instrument is stable, a display and connecting cable is fixed on the wall of the roadway and the initial stress value of the display instrument is recorded.

Monitoring of surface subsidence

The first mining subsection stoping of 1595m of the current west second mining area caving method stope is already finished, the level of the second subsection 1590m is also stoped 1/3, and the sedimentation influence on the earth surface is also intensified continuously along with the continuous increase of the mining depth and the area of the caving method stope. In order to master the surface subsidence development condition of the western second mining area, the longhead mine adopts an unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography measurement technology to continuously track and monitor the surface subsidence condition of the western second mining area. In the monitoring period, the earth surface of the West two mining areas is remarkably settled, and most obviously, a plurality of cave-in holes are formed by the sudden falling of the earth surface in the 1580m sectional stoping process.

The invention constructs a safe and efficient collaborative mining method of a filling method and a caving method in the West two mining areas through research, and the safe and efficient collaborative mining method comprises a caving method stope structure parameter determination and engineering arrangement scheme, a caving method and filling method mining sequence collaborative scheme, a productivity collaborative scheme, an exploitation collaborative scheme, related safety guarantee measures and the like, and is applied and practiced on site.

The method adopts a series of monitoring means such as microseism monitoring, blasting vibration monitoring, ground pressure monitoring and ground surface settlement monitoring to carry out overall process monitoring and early warning on the collaborative mining of the filling method and the caving method of the West two mining areas. Monitoring results show that in the collaborative mining process of the filling method and the caving method in the West two mining areas, medium-length hole blasting vibration and mining ground pressure of a caving method stope do not have adverse effects on the stability of the filling stope, the caving method stope and the filling method stope do not have any adverse effects, blasting parameters and a stoping sequence adopted by the caving method stope are feasible, and a top plate of a caving method goaf falls smoothly to form a covering layer.

On-site production practices prove that safe and efficient collaborative mining of a filling method and a caving method is realized in the western two-mining area under a very complex mining environment, the respective productivity advantages of the caving method and the filling method are released to the maximum extent, and the construction targets of stable production and yield increase when the filling method is switched to the caving method are realized in the western two-mining area.

Example 2

(1) Stope layout and structural parameter selection

The segment height is 15m, 4 segments are provided, which are

1595m segment

27,

1580m segment

28,

1565m segment

29 and 1546m segment 30 from top to bottom, respectively. Due to the mine's requirement for ore production, the 9-line exploration line restored downward path cemented filling mining to the 1600m level in the west range in 2019. Therefore, according to the current state of mine production, the breakout height of the section 9 with 1580m is 20m in west and the section 27 with 1595m, the breakout height of the section 9 with 1580m is 15m in east and the section 29 with 1565m, and the breakout height of the section 30 with 1546m is 19 m. The route distance and the ore caving step distance are respectively 15m and 2.2 m.

(2) Mining accurate cutting

The mining preparation project mainly comprises a sublevel roadway 19 of a sill pillar-free sublevel caving method, an ore removal access 15, an air return raise 23, a cutting drift 18, a connecting road 7 and an ore pass 22.

The sublevel roadway 19, the ore pass 22, the air inlet pass and the air return pass 23 are all arranged on the lower plate of the ore body, and the net diameter of the ore pass 22 is phi 3.5 m. The sublevel roadway 19 of the sill pillar-free sublevel caving method is arranged along the vein, the ore removal access road 15 is arranged perpendicular to the trend of the ore body, and the interval is 15m along the trend of the ore body. And (4) tunneling a cutting drift 18 at the boundary of the upper plate of the ore body and the vertical ore removal route. The sublevel roadways 19 of the sublevel caving method without the bottom pillar are communicated through a mining accurate slope way.

The wedge-shaped rock drilling blast hole 14 is drilled in the cutting drift 18, the cutting drift 18 is used as a free surface to blast to form a cutting groove, and in order to ensure the free surface compensation space when the wedge-shaped blast hole is subjected to groove-drawing, the net section size of the cutting drift 18 is 4.6m multiplied by 4.3m (width multiplied by height). When the groove is broached, firstly, a wedge-shaped space is formed on a top plate of a cutting roadway in a shallow hole blasting mode in the cutting roadway, then 6 rows of approximately symmetrical inclined blast holes are respectively arranged on two sides, a first blasting area of the cutting groove is formed in a micro-difference blasting mode, and then the two sides are continuously blasted to form the groove by adopting a fan-shaped hole row surface vertical to the cutting groove roadway. Each row of cutting blast holes has 4 blast holes, the total length of the blast holes is 50m, the diameter of the blast holes is phi 80mm, and the row spacing is 1.4 m.

(3) Recovery operations

The drilling adopts a Simba1254 type medium-length hole drilling jumbo to drill upward sector-shaped drilling blast holes 14 in a mine removal access 15, each row of the first mining section has 11 blast holes, the longest blast hole depth is 14.3m, the total length of the blast holes on one row surface is 126m, the diameter of the blast holes is phi 80mm, and the row spacing of the blast holes is 2.2

m. 1580m section

28 and 1565m section 29, each row has 12 blast holes, the longest blast hole depth is 17.0m, and the total length of the blast holes of one row surface is 155 m. 1546m, each row has 12 holes, the longest hole is 21.8m, and the total length of holes in one row is 168 m. The rock drilling blast hole 14 is filled with granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive by a charging trolley, and a non-electric explosion system is detonated. The exploded ore 11 is removed from the end of the ore removal route 15 by adopting the existing JCCY-6 diesel carry scraper of the mine, each carry scraper is responsible for ore removal operation of 6 effective routes, and the ore removal capacity of the carry scraper is 38 multiplied by 104t/a according to the average ore removal distance. The ores shoveled out from the stope are conveyed to each subsection ore pass 22, and are lowered to 1430m middle section rail transportation vein and rail transportation vein-crossing.

1595m initial mining test segment mainly forms a covering layer and creates good conditions for the mining of the lower segment by a sublevel caving method without a sill pillar. Therefore, ore drawing is carried out in a total amount control ore drawing mode, the ore drawing amount of the step pitch is 40% of the ore caving amount of the step pitch according to the current test production situation, and the rest ore amount is extracted in subsequent subsections.

(4) Stope ventilation

(5) Stope support

(6) mining by combining filling method and caving method

1) Productivity coordination scheme

2) Development of cooperative scheme

3) Stoping sequence coordination scheme

4) Safe production information cooperation scheme

5) Establishing a safety monitoring and early warning system

Firstly, the establishment of a microseism monitoring system

② blasting vibration monitoring

Thirdly stope ground pressure monitoring

Monitoring of surface subsidence

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. a same mining area caving method and filling method collaborative mining method, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:

1) Stope layout and structural parameter selection

The height of the section is 15m, and a total of 4 sections are set up, from top to bottom, they are 1595m section (27), 1580m section (28), 1565m section (29) and 1546m section (30);

2) Precise cutting

In the footwall of the ore body, the sub-pillar-free subsection caving method subsection roadway (19), the ore chute (22), the air inlet patio and the return air patio (23) are arranged, and the sub-pillar subsection caving method subsection roadway (19) Arranged along the vein, the ore outlet (15) is arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body, and the interval along the strike of the ore body is 15m. On the boundary of the upper wall of the ore body and perpendicular to the ore outlet (15), the roadway (18) is excavated and cut. The adjacent segmented tunnels (19) by the bottom-less column segmented caving method are communicated through a quasi-slope, and a wedge-shaped rock drilling hole (14) is drilled in the cutting level tunnel (18) to cut the level. Lane (18) forms cutting grooves for free surface blasting;

3) mining operations

The mining sequence is spatially mined from the upper subsection to the down subsection. In each subsection, the mining is withdrawn from the upper wall to the lower wall, and the mining is sequentially recovered from the east end of the ore body to the west end. 15) Upward fan-shaped rock drilling holes (14), 1595m section (27), there are 10-11 holes in each row, the longest hole is 14.3m deep, and the total length of a row of holes is 118m- 126m, the diameter of the blasthole is φ80mm, the row spacing of blastholes is 2.2m, the 1580m section (28) and the 1565m section (29), there are 11-12 blastholes in each row, the longest blasthole depth is 17.0m, one row The total length of the surface blastholes is 146m-155m, with 1546m sections (30), there are 11-12 blastholes in each row, the longest blasthole depth is 21.8m, and the total length of a row of surface blastholes is 150m-168m;

4) Stope ventilation

The fresh air flow required by the stope enters into each sub-section roadway through the return air shaft 23, the mining quasi slope 8, and the measure slope from the middle section. noodle;

5) Stope support

The roadway is supported by a single-layer shotcrete anchor mesh, the thickness of shotcrete is 100mm, the metal mesh is made of φ6.5mm round steel, the mesh size is 150mm×150mm, the anchor rod length is 2.25m, the diameter is φ18mm, and the row spacing is 1.0m ×1.0m, in the section with poor ore rock, the double-layer spray anchor net is used for support, and the support is divided into two times, and the parameters of each support are consistent with the single-layer spray anchor net support;

6) Cooperative mining of filling method and caving method

The ore body in the upper middle section is located between 1546-1613m, and the height of the ore body is only 67m. After the upper middle section is changed to the sub-pillar-free subsection caving method, a total of four mining sections can be arranged along the height direction of the ore body. The sections are located at the 1595m level, 1580m level, 1565m level and 1546m level respectively. The distance between the back-mining routes in the stope is 15m, and the ore collapse step distance is 2.2m. The second section is drawn according to 80% of the collapsed ore volume, and the third and fourth sections are drawn with low dilution;

In the initial stage of the transition from the filling method to the caving method in the upper middle section, the caving method stope mining project is arranged first. During the transition period, the filling mining at the level of 1613m in the upper middle section cannot be completely terminated. The upper middle section is divided into 9 lines of exploration lines. In the east and west areas, the 1595m first mining section of the caving stope will be completed as soon as possible in the east of the 9th line exploration line, and the cement filling method will continue to be recovered in the west of the 9th line exploration line. When the lower mining reaches the level of 1600m, the filling method in the upper middle section will be completely terminated, and all the 1580m sections will be converted to mining by the caving method. Subsequently, the caving method in the upper middle section and the filling method in the lower middle section will maintain coordinated mining for a long period of time.

2 . The collaborative mining method of caving method and filling method in the same mining area according to claim 1 , wherein in the step 2), the net diameter of the ore chute ( 22 ) is φ3.5m. 3 .

3. A method for collaborative mining by caving method and filling method in the same mining area according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 2), the net cross-sectional dimension of the cutting roadway (18) is 4.6m wide x high ×4.3m.