CN110671110A - Extravenous mining and exploration mining combined concealed broken residual ore mining structure and mining method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a mining structure of concealed broken residual ore combined with quasi-exploration and mining outside a vein, and a mining method thereof, including ore blocks divided along the direction of the residual ore, and the ore blocks are divided into two high points along the height direction of the ore body in stages. There are pillars between the ore blocks; the intra-vein prospecting roadway and the vertical trending intra-vein exploration roadway are arranged at the bottom of the ore body along the ore vein trend; the extra-vein transportation roadway and the ore outgoing road are also arranged at the bottom of the ore body ; A high-section rock-drilling roadway is opened in the center of each high-section; fan-shaped exploration boreholes are arranged in each high-section rock-drilling roadway, and the exploration drilling holes and the exploration roadway at the bottom of the ore body form a three-dimensional cross exploration network. The invention uses the mining and exploration technology, the accurate mining outside the vein, the directional fine blasting technology of medium and deep holes, and solves the technical problems of safe mining such as low exploration degree of hidden residual ore and broken ore body. The broken ore body has the advantages of low resource loss and dilution rate, high safety and high mining efficiency.

Description

Mining structure and mining method of concealed broken residual ore combined with extra-vein mining and quasi-exploration mining

technical field

The invention relates to a mining structure of hidden broken residual ore combined with quasi-exploratory mining outside the vein and a mining method thereof.

Background technique

Mineral resources are important non-renewable natural resources and the basic material for national economic construction. The degree of guarantee is related to the long-term stable development of the national economy and national security. my country is one of the few countries in the world with a complete range of mineral resources and rich reserves, but the per capita possession of mineral resources is relatively small. Facing the huge demand of national economic construction, the contradiction of insufficient mineral resources reserves in my country has become increasingly prominent. The Ministry of Land and Resources regards "economical and intensive utilization of land resources" as its core task, promotes and implements it, and formulates management systems, measures and standards for the comprehensive conservation and efficient utilization of mineral resources.

"Residual ore" refers to some sporadic ore bodies that remain in the main mining area of the mine after basic mining has been completed due to historical reasons. my country is a developing country. Since the 1950s and 1960s, drawing on the Soviet Union's mining technology system, my country's metal mining has gradually developed. With the development of the national economy and the progress of comprehensive utilization of mineral and natural resources technology, On the one hand, due to the historical reasons of mining, the ore bodies that had no mining value at that time have important mining value in contemporary times; Problems such as waste of useful mineral resources such as poverty” and “easy to discard and difficult to mine”. In order to recover as much useful mineral resources as possible, how to recover these residual ore safely and efficiently is one of the major technical problems that must be solved in the field of mining technology today.

According to relevant domestic and foreign literatures, relevant mines at home and abroad mainly use the room-and-pillar method, the backfill mining method, the chassis funnel method, and the natural caving method to recover the residual ore. The residual ore generally occurs near the empty area group. Due to the influence of the early mining disturbance, the stability of the ore rock has been greatly damaged, and a series of disasters such as fragmentation, roof fall, and water inrush are likely to occur. The mining of this type of resources generally has technical problems such as low mining safety, poor personnel efficiency, many hidden dangers of geological disasters, and high secondary loss and dilution rate. In addition, due to the limitations of exploration conditions and mining history at that time, the distribution range and scale of residual ore could not be accurately determined. Further exploration and other work are needed to better determine the distribution range of residual ore.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention improves the above-mentioned problems, that is, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the related mines at home and abroad mainly adopt the room-and-pillar method, the backfill mining method, the chassis funnel method, the natural caving method and other methods to recover the residual ore, and there is a general safety in mining. Low performance, poor staff efficiency, many hidden dangers of geological disasters, high secondary loss dilution rate and high technical problems.

The specific embodiment of the present invention is: a safe and efficient mining method for concealed crushed residual ore combined with quasi-exploration and mining outside the vein, including ore blocks divided along the direction of the residual ore, and the ore blocks are divided along the height direction of the ore body in the stage. It is divided into two high subsections, the first high subsection and the second high subsection, with inter-pillars left between the ore blocks; the intra-vein prospecting roadway arranged along the ore vein strike at the bottom of the ore body and the vertical-trending intra-vein exploration plane. lane;

The bottom of the ore body is also arranged with an ore-exiting structure, the ore-exiting structure includes an out-of-vein transportation roadway connected with the same elevation of the intra-vein exploration roadway, and an inclined ore-exit approach is arranged between the extra-vein transportation roadway and the inner-vein exploration roadway. ;

A high-section rock-drilling roadway is opened in the center of each high-section; fan-shaped exploration holes are arranged in each high-section rock-drilling roadway, and the exploration drilling holes and the exploration roadway at the bottom of the ore body form a three-dimensional cross exploration network;

On one side of the ore block, a cutting patio is arranged near the vertical trending intra-vein exploration roadway;

The fan-shaped medium-deep holes are excavated in each high-section rock-drilling roadway, and the fan-shaped medium-deep holes pass through the peripheral rock of the lower wall and enter the concealed broken residual ore body. There is a communication channel between the chute, stope chute and the outer channel for transportation.

Further, auxiliary ramps connected to each high-section rock drilling level are opened between the high-section rock-drilling levels.

Further, the upper part of the ore body is provided with an upper-stage transportation level road, and a filling pipeline is arranged in the upper-stage transportation level road, which is connected with a filling hole for full tailings cementation and filling of the goaf.

Further, the high-section rock-drilling roadway is located in the lower wall of the ore body and arranged along the ore body’s trend, keeping a safe distance from the lower wall of the ore body; the fan-shaped medium-deep holes drilled in the rock-drilling roadway will pass through the outer veins of the lower wall. The surrounding rock enters the concealed broken residual ore body and reaches the design depth.

The invention also includes a method for mining hidden broken and residual ore combined with quasi-exploration and mining outside the vein, according to the following steps:

(1) Divide the ore blocks along the trend of the residual ore, and leave the pillars between the ore blocks. In the stage, the ore blocks are divided into two high sections along the height of the ore body, which are the first high section and the second high section. segment;

(2) According to the preliminary geological exploration data, by arranging the exploration level road at the bottom of the ore body, the occurrence form of the sporadic high-grade concealed and broken residual ore body is further controlled in the horizontal direction. At the bottom of the ore body, along the vein strike, the intra-vein prospecting roadway and the vertical-trending intra-vein prospecting roadway are arranged. During the construction process, the combination of bolt and bolt net is used for support, and the section size of the roadway is strictly controlled;

(3) The ore outlet structure is arranged at the bottom of the ore body, the out-of-vein transport roadway is arranged at the same elevation as the in-vein exploration roadway, and the inclined ore outflow approach is arranged between the out-of-vein transportation roadway and the intra-vein exploration roadway; Keep a safe distance between the transportation level road and the intra-vein exploration level road;

(4) In the lower wall of the ore body, a high-section rock-drilling roadway is arranged along the trend of the ore body, and the rock-drilling roadway is arranged in the center of the high-section, keeping a safe distance from the lower wall of the ore body;

(5) Arrange other mining projects along the lower wall of the ore block, including: stope chute, ventilation patio, filling level road, connecting road, auxiliary slope;

(6) Arrange fan-shaped exploration boreholes in each high-section rock-drilling tunnel, and use diamond drilling rigs to conduct core exploration operations on the ore body to further control the occurrence of sporadic high-grade concealed and broken residual ore bodies in the height direction. Form; exploration boreholes and exploration tunnels at the bottom of the ore body form a three-dimensional cross-exploration network, which finely controls the spatial distribution form of the hidden broken ore body, as well as the possible hidden voids and water-bearing zones;

(7) On one side of the ore block, a cutting patio is arranged near the vertical trending exploration roadway, and the cutting patio and the vertical trending exploration roadway are used as free surfaces for cutting vertical groove blasting to create free compensation space for subsequent high-section mine collapse;

(8) In each high-section rock drilling level roadway, the hydraulic rock drill is used to form upward and downward fan-shaped medium and deep holes to complete the rock drilling operation. The fan-shaped medium-deep hole penetrates the peripheral rock of the lower wall and enters the concealed broken residual ore body, reaching the design depth;

(9) In the medium-deep holes, according to the shape of the space expansion of the concealed broken ore body, the medium-deep holes located in the ore body section are filled with viscous explosives, and the concealed broken ore body is finely blasted to complete the high-section collapse. mining operations. The first high section and the second high section of the ladder blasting completed the collapse operation of each high section in the stage, and the second high section blasted ahead of the first high section;

(10) The caving ore of each high section is gathered at the bottom of the ore body by its own weight. The remote control scraper is used to transport the caving ore to the stope chute through the out-of-vein transport level road and the ore outlet to complete the ore extraction. Operation;

(11) After the ore mining in the stage is completed, the filling pipeline is erected along the transport level road and the filling level road in the upper stage, and the goaf is fully cemented and filled with tailings to complete the safe recovery of hidden broken and residual ore.

Further, the residual ore body is divided into several high subsections along the height direction within the stage, and the subsection height is greater than 10m.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention employs mining and exploration, accurate mining outside the vein, and directional fine blasting technology in medium and deep holes, and solves the problem of low exploration degree of hidden residual ore, ore body fragmentation and other safe mining technologies The problem is that the workers always stay away from the exposed surface of the open area and the broken ore body during the operation, which has the advantages of low resource loss and dilution rate, high safety and high mining efficiency.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of FIG. 1B-B of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of FIG. 1C-C of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of FIG. 1D-D of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the state of full tailings cementing and filling of the goaf according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1—Extra-vein transportation level roadway 2—Ore access route 3—Ore blasting pile 4—Residual ore segment boundary 5—Inter-column 6—Exploration drill hole 7—Sector deep hole 8—High segment chisel Yanping road 9—transport roadway in the upper stage 10—exploration roadway in the vein 11—connection road 12—hidden residual ore 13—cutting patio 14—stope chute 15—exploration roadway in the vein 16—residual ore with stone 17—down Triangular ore pillar 18—auxiliary slope 19—outside vein fan-shaped medium-deep hole 20—filling borehole 21—filling pipeline 22—tailings cemented filling body 23—remaining outside-vein fan-shaped medium-deep hole.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the safe and efficient mining structure of concealed and broken residual ore combined with quasi-exploration and mining outside the vein includes ore blocks divided along the direction of the residual ore, and the ore blocks are divided into ore blocks along the height direction of the ore body in this stage. The first high subsection and the second high subsection are two high subsections, and space columns are left between the ore blocks; at the bottom of the ore body, the intra-vein prospecting roadway 15 is arranged along the ore vein strike and the vertical trending intra-vein exploration roadway 10;

The bottom of the ore body is also arranged with an ore-exiting structure, and the ore-exiting structure includes the intra-vein exploration roadway 10 connected with the out-of-vein transportation roadway 1 at the same elevation, and an inclined sloping roadway is arranged between the extra-vein transportation roadway 1 and the intra-vein exploration roadway 15. Mine exit 2;

A high-segment rock drilling tunnel 8 is opened in the center of each high-section; in each high-segment rock-drilling tunnel 8, fan-shaped exploration boreholes 6 are arranged, and the exploration borehole 6 and the exploration tunnel at the bottom of the ore body form a three-dimensional intersection exploration network;

On one side of the ore block, a cutting patio 13 is arranged near the vertical trending intra-vein exploration roadway;

Fan-shaped medium-deep holes are excavated in each high-section rock-drilling roadway, and the fan-shaped medium-deep holes pass through the peripheral rock of the lower wall and enter the concealed broken residual ore body, and a stope is opened outside the outer-vein transport roadway Between the chute 14 , the stope chute 14 and the extra-pulse transport level roadway 1 there is a communication channel 11 .

Auxiliary ramps 18 connected to each high-section rock-drilling level are opened between the high-section rock-drilling levels.

The upper part of the ore body is provided with an upper-stage transport levelling 9, and a filling pipeline 21 is arranged in the upper-stage transport levelling 9, and is connected with a filling hole 20 for full tailings cementation and filling of the goaf.

Now in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail:

A gold mine has a mining history of more than 40 years, the surface elevation is +35m, and there are sporadic high-grade hidden residual ore above -200m, with a gold ore grade of 3~7g/t. Preliminary geological exploration shows that the average dip angle of the ore body is 52~65°, the average thickness is 8~15m, the ore body is moderately stable, partially broken, and the surrounding rocks on the upper and lower walls are stable.

(1) The design of the industrial experimental stope is that the ore blocks are 50m long along the strike, and there are inter-columns between the ore blocks, and the width of the inter-columns is 5-8m. The design stage of the ore block is 30m high, and it is divided into high sections along the height of the ore body within the stage, and the height of the high section is 15m, that is, one design stage is divided into two high sections, the first high section and the second high section. part.

(2) According to the preliminary geological exploration data, by arranging the exploration level road at the bottom of the ore body, the occurrence form of the sporadic high-grade concealed and broken residual ore body is further controlled in the horizontal direction. At the bottom of the ore body, along the vein trend, the intra-vein prospecting leveling roadway is arranged, and the vertical-stretching intra-vein exploration leveling roadway is arranged every 25m. The roadway section of the exploration leveling roadway is 2.2×2.0m. Net combination support, and strictly control the size of the roadway section.

(3) The ore outlet structure is arranged at the bottom of the ore body, and the out-of-vein transportation roadway is arranged at a horizontal distance of 15m from the inner-vein exploration roadway. The out-of-vein transportation roadway and the intra-vein exploration roadway are arranged at intervals of 8m. road.

(4) In the lower wall of the ore body, a high-section rock-drilling roadway is arranged along the strike of the ore body, and the rock-drilling roadway is arranged in the center of the high-section, 5~7m away from the lower wall of the ore body.

(5) Arrange other mining projects along the lower wall of the ore block, including: stope chute, ventilation patio, filling level road, connecting road, auxiliary slope.

(6) In each high-section rock-drilling tunnel, a row of exploration drilling holes is arranged every 12.5m, with 3 drilling holes in each row. The direction further controls the occurrence form of sporadic high-grade concealed and broken remnant ore bodies. The exploration drilling hole is horizontally 12.5m away from the exploration level road at the bottom of the ore body, forming a three-dimensional cross exploration network, and finely controlling the spatial distribution of the hidden broken ore body, as well as the possible hidden voids and water-bearing zones.

(7) On one side of the ore block, a cutting patio is arranged near the vertical-trending exploration roadway, and the cutting and vertical-trough blasting is carried out with the cutting patio and the vertical-trending exploration roadway as the free surfaces, so as to create free compensation space for the subsequent high-section mine collapse. The height of the cutting vertical groove is the stage height and the width is 5m.

(8) In each high-section rock drilling level roadway, use hydraulic rock drills to form upward and downward fan-shaped medium-deep holes. The fan-shaped medium-deep holes pass through the peripheral rock of the lower wall and enter the concealed broken residual ore body, reaching the design depth. The medium-deep holes have a diameter of 65mm, a row spacing of 1.4m, and a hole bottom distance of 2.2~2.8m.

(9) In the medium-deep holes, according to the shape of the space expansion of the concealed broken ore body, the medium-deep holes located in the ore body section are filled with viscous explosives, and the concealed broken ore body is finely blasted to complete the high-section collapse. mining operations. The first high-level section and the second high-level section of the ladder blasting completed the collapse operation of each high-level section in the stage, and the second high-level section blasting was 5~8m ahead of the first high-level section (3~5 rows).

(10) The caving ore of each high section is gathered at the bottom of the ore body by its own weight. The remote control scraper is used to transport the caving ore to the stope chute through the out-of-vein transport level road and the ore outlet to complete the ore extraction. Operation.

(11) After the ore mining in the stage is completed, the filling pipeline is erected along the transport level road and the filling level road in the upper stage, and the goaf is fully cemented and filled with tailings to complete the safe recovery of hidden broken and residual ore.

Unless otherwise stated in any of the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention, if it discloses a numerical range, then the disclosed numerical range is a preferred numerical range, and any person skilled in the art should understand that: the preferred numerical range is only Among the many implementable numerical values, the technical effect is relatively obvious or representative. Since the numerical values are too numerous to be exhaustive, only some numerical values are disclosed in the present invention to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and the above-mentioned numerical values shall not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention.

If words such as "first" and "second" are used herein to define components, those skilled in the art should know that the use of "first" and "second" is only for the convenience of describing components The above terms have no special meaning unless otherwise stated.

At the same time, if the above-mentioned invention discloses or involves parts or structural parts that are fixedly connected to each other, then, unless otherwise stated, fixed connection can be understood as: detachable fixed connection (for example, using bolts or screws), or It is understood as: non-removable fixed connections (such as riveting, welding), of course, the mutual fixed connections can also be replaced by a one-piece structure (for example, integrally formed using a casting process) (except that it is obviously impossible to use the one-piece forming process).

In addition, unless otherwise stated, the terms used in any of the technical solutions disclosed in the present disclosure used to represent positional relationships or shapes include states or shapes that are similar to, similar to, or close to.

Any component provided by the present invention may be assembled from a plurality of individual components, or may be a single component manufactured by an integral molding process.

Finally it should be noted that: the above embodiment is only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and not to limit it; Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand: The specific embodiments of the invention are modified or some technical features are equivalently replaced; without departing from the spirit of the technical solutions of the present invention, all of them should be included in the scope of the technical solutions claimed in the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of hidden broken residual ore mining structure combined with quasi-exploration and mining outside the vein, is characterized in that, comprises the ore nugget divided along the residual ore direction, and in the described stage, the ore nugget is divided into the first ore nugget along the ore body height direction There are two high subsections, the high subsection and the second highest subsection, and the pillars are left between the ore blocks; the intra-vein prospecting roadway arranged along the ore vein trend at the bottom of the ore body and the vertical trending intra-vein exploration roadway; The bottom of the ore body is also arranged with an ore-exiting structure, the ore-exiting structure includes an out-of-vein transportation roadway connected with the same elevation of the intra-vein exploration roadway, and an inclined ore-exit approach is arranged between the extra-vein transportation roadway and the inner-vein exploration roadway. ; A high-section rock-drilling roadway is opened in the center of each high-section; fan-shaped exploration holes are arranged in each high-section rock-drilling roadway, and the exploration drilling holes and the exploration roadway at the bottom of the ore body form a three-dimensional cross exploration network; On one side of the ore block, a cutting patio is arranged near the vertical trending intra-vein exploration roadway; The fan-shaped medium-deep holes are excavated in each high-section rock-drilling roadway, and the fan-shaped medium-deep holes pass through the peripheral rock of the lower wall and enter the concealed broken residual ore body. There is a communication channel between the chute, stope chute and the outer channel for transportation. 2 . The mining structure of concealed crushed residual ore combined with quasi-exploration and mining outside the vein according to claim 1 , wherein each high-segment dredger is connected between the high-segment rock drilling tunnels. 3 . Auxiliary ramp for Yanping Lane. 3 . The mining structure of concealed crushed residual ore combined with quasi-exploration and mining outside vein mining according to claim 1 , wherein the upper part of the ore body is provided with an upper-stage transportation roadway, and the upper-stage transportation roadway is provided. A filling pipeline is arranged inside, and is connected with a filling drilling hole for full tailings cementing filling of the goaf. 4. The mining structure of concealed crushed residual ore combined with quasi-exploration and mining outside the vein according to claim 1, characterized in that, the high-section rock-drilling roadway is located in the lower wall of the ore body and is arranged along the direction of the ore body, Keep a safe distance from the lower wall of the ore body; the fan-shaped medium-deep holes drilled in the rock-drilling roadway will pass through the peripheral rock of the lower wall and enter the concealed broken residual ore body to reach the design depth. 5. A method for mining hidden broken and residual ore combined with quasi-exploration and mining outside the vein, is characterized in that, according to the following steps: (1) Divide the ore blocks along the trend of the residual ore, and leave the pillars between the ore blocks. In the stage, the ore blocks are divided into two high sections along the height of the ore body, which are the first high section and the second high section. segment; (2) According to the preliminary geological exploration data, by arranging the exploration level road at the bottom of the ore body, the occurrence form of the sporadic high-grade concealed and broken residual ore body is further controlled in the horizontal direction; At the bottom of the ore body, along the vein strike, the intra-vein prospecting roadway and the vertical-trending intra-vein prospecting roadway are arranged. During the construction process, the combination of bolt and bolt net is used for support, and the section size of the roadway is strictly controlled; (3) The ore outlet structure is arranged at the bottom of the ore body, the out-of-vein transport roadway is arranged at the same elevation as the in-vein exploration roadway, and the inclined ore outflow approach is arranged between the out-of-vein transportation roadway and the intra-vein exploration roadway; Keep a safe distance between the transportation level road and the intra-vein exploration level road; (4) In the lower wall of the ore body, a high-section rock-drilling roadway is arranged along the trend of the ore body, and the rock-drilling roadway is arranged in the center of the high-section, keeping a safe distance from the lower wall of the ore body; (5) Arrange other mining projects along the lower wall of the ore block, including: stope chute, ventilation patio, filling level road, connecting road, auxiliary slope; (6) Arrange fan-shaped exploration boreholes in each high-section rock-drilling tunnel, and use diamond drilling rigs to conduct core exploration operations on the ore body to further control the occurrence of sporadic high-grade concealed and broken residual ore bodies in the height direction. Form; exploration boreholes and exploration tunnels at the bottom of the ore body form a three-dimensional cross-exploration network, which finely controls the spatial distribution form of the hidden broken ore body, as well as the possible hidden voids and water-bearing zones; (7) On one side of the ore block, a cutting patio is arranged near the vertical trending exploration roadway, and the cutting patio and the vertical trending exploration roadway are used as free surfaces for cutting vertical groove blasting to create free compensation space for subsequent high-section mine collapse; (8) In each high-section rock drilling level roadway, the hydraulic rock drill is used to form upward and downward fan-shaped medium and deep holes to complete the rock drilling operation; The fan-shaped medium-deep hole penetrates the peripheral rock of the lower wall and enters the concealed broken residual ore body, reaching the design depth; (9) In the medium-deep holes, according to the shape of the space expansion of the concealed broken ore body, the medium-deep holes located in the ore body section are filled with viscous explosives, and the concealed broken ore body is finely blasted to complete the high-section collapse. mining operations; The first high section and the second high section of the ladder blasting completed the collapse operation of each high section in the stage, and the second high section blasted ahead of the first high section; (10) The caving ore of each high section is gathered at the bottom of the ore body by its own weight. The remote control scraper is used to transport the caving ore to the stope chute through the out-of-vein transport level road and the ore outlet to complete the ore extraction. Operation; (11) After the ore mining in the stage is completed, the filling pipeline is erected along the transport leveling and filling leveling in the upper stage, and the goaf is fully cemented and filled with tailings, so as to complete the safe recovery of concealed broken and residual ore. 6. A safe and efficient mining method for concealed broken and residual ore combined with quasi-exploration and mining outside vein mining according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the residual ore body is divided into several high subsections along the height direction in stages, and divided into several high subsections. The segment height is greater than 10m.

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