CN113970562A - Microwave/millimeter wave waveguide sensor with filtering function - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明为一种兼具滤波功能的微波/毫米波传感器，包括同轴结构、波导结构以及介质；其中同轴结构与波导结构连接；介质设置于同轴结构和波导结构之间；波导结构设置有窗口，窗口用于向波导结构内部通入或导出待测物质；波导结构包括阻抗变换器以及膜片结构，阻抗变换器与同轴结构连接；本发明产品抗干扰能力更强，结构更简单，并且相较其他波导滤波器，有相对较低的插入损耗，具有良好的传输性能。
The present invention is a microwave/millimeter wave sensor with filtering function, comprising a coaxial structure, a waveguide structure and a medium; wherein the coaxial structure is connected with the waveguide structure; the medium is arranged between the coaxial structure and the waveguide structure; the waveguide structure is arranged There is a window, and the window is used to introduce or export the substance to be tested into the waveguide structure; the waveguide structure includes an impedance converter and a diaphragm structure, and the impedance converter is connected with the coaxial structure; the product of the present invention has stronger anti-interference ability and simpler structure , and compared with other waveguide filters, it has relatively low insertion loss and good transmission performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave/millimeter wave, in particular to a microwave/millimeter wave sensor with a filtering function.
Background
The sensing technology plays a vital role in the current social development as an important information technology, the application of the sensing technology relates to various fields, such as household appliances, intelligent automobiles, medicine, industrial production and other fields, and the generation of the sensor greatly changes the living standard of people. With the development of microwave/millimeter wave technology and the cross fusion development of the microwave/millimeter wave technology and multiple disciplines such as biology, chemistry and the like, the development of the microwave/millimeter wave sensor in the fields such as biology, chemistry and the like is promoted.
Currently, most microwave/millimeter wave sensors applied to biological/chemical electromagnetic characteristics are based on a planar structure or an equivalent waveguide structure based on SIW, such as a planar coupling sensor or a planar coupling structure combined with resonator units, the resonators include resonant structures such as SRR, CSRR and CCSR, or the resonant structures based on the SIW structure, such as microwave sensor structures such as SRR-SIW and CSRR-SIW, and the sensors have the advantages of easy integration in size.
In the process of detecting the electromagnetic characteristics of biological liquid/chemical gas, the sensitivity and the anti-interference performance of the sensor are also important technical parameters for measuring the performance of the sensor. Because the outer conductor of the waveguide structure is grounded and the resonant cavity is arranged in the waveguide, the anti-interference capability is strong, the quality factor is high, and the anti-interference performance and the detection precision of the sensor are improved. Therefore, compared with a waveguide sensor with a closed cavity structure, the detection sensitivity and the anti-interference performance of the conventional microwave sensor are inferior to those of the waveguide sensor.
At the same time, the sensitivity of the sensor is related to its operating bandwidth. The increased bandwidth of the sensor introduces increasing losses, which results in a reduced quality factor of the sensor, which in turn affects the minimum sensitivity of the sensor. Therefore, in order to meet different requirements, a microwave/millimeter wave waveguide sensor with a filtering function is obtained, and it is very important to improve the anti-interference performance of the microwave sensor and the detection accuracy of the electromagnetic characteristics of the microwave sensor in the field of biological liquid/chemical gas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a microwave/millimeter wave waveguide sensor with a filtering function.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a microwave/millimeter wave waveguide sensor with filtering function comprises a coaxial structure, a waveguide structure and a medium; wherein the coaxial structure is connected to the waveguide structure; a medium disposed between the coaxial structure and the waveguide structure; the waveguide structure is provided with a window, and the window is used for introducing or leading out a substance to be detected into the waveguide structure; the waveguide structure comprises an impedance converter and a diaphragm structure, and the impedance converter is connected with the coaxial structure; the inductance diaphragm structure is used for introducing parallel inductance to realize the band-pass filtering characteristic of the waveguide sensor.
Furthermore, the coaxial structures are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the waveguide structure and comprise an outer conductor and a probe, wherein the outer conductor is hollow and used for placing the probe; the outer conductor and the probe are fixed through a medium to realize coaxial arrangement.
Furthermore, the outer conductor comprises three parts, namely a cylindrical outer conductor I, a truncated cone-shaped outer conductor and a cylindrical outer conductor II; the cylindrical outer conductor I and the cylindrical outer conductor II are respectively arranged on two sides of the truncated cone-shaped outer conductor, and the truncated cone-shaped outer conductor is smoothly transited with the cylindrical outer conductor I and the cylindrical outer conductor II respectively; the diameter of the second cylindrical outer conductor is smaller than that of the first cylindrical outer conductor, and the second cylindrical outer conductor is further connected with the waveguide structure.
Further, the probe comprises an outer probe, a middle probe and an inner probe; the middle probe is positioned between the outer probe and the inner probe; the outer probe, the middle probe and the inner probe have continuity in diameter; the middle probe is in a circular truncated cone shape, and the diameter of the middle probe is gradually reduced from one side of the outer probe to one side of the inner probe; the inner probe is connected to an impedance transformer of the waveguide structure.
Further, the waveguide structure further comprises a waveguide tube, wherein the impedance converter and the diaphragm structure are both arranged in the waveguide tube; coaxial structures are arranged on two sides of the waveguide tube; the two impedance transformers are symmetrically arranged at the two ends of the waveguide tube; the impedance transformer is connected to the probe.
Further, the impedance converter is of a step structure and comprises at least three steps of metal steps; the first-step metal ladder is connected with the probe; subsequent metal steps are interconnected and connected to the first metal step.
Further, the width of each step of the impedance transformer is equal.
Furthermore, the diaphragm structure comprises inductive diaphragms, and the inductive diaphragms are arranged on the inner wall of the waveguide tube in pairs; the inductive diaphragms are connected with the inner wall of the waveguide tube, and at least one pair of inductive diaphragms are arranged inside the waveguide tube; two inductive diaphragms in each pair of inductive diaphragms are separated by respective set distances; and the adjacent two pairs of inductance diaphragms are separated by respective set distances.
Furthermore, the waveguide tube is a rectangular waveguide tube, and two opposite side surfaces of the waveguide tube are provided with windows; the windows on both sides are disposed bilaterally symmetrically with respect to the center position of the waveguide.
Further, flanges are arranged on the waveguide tube and the coaxial structure; the waveguide structure and the coaxial structure are detachably connected through a flange; the flange of the waveguide tube is provided with a medium, and the probe penetrates through the medium and extends into the waveguide structure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the waveguide structure comprises an impedance converter and a diaphragm structure, wherein the impedance converter is used for realizing the conversion between the waveguide structure and the coaxial structure, so that the insertion loss and the return loss are reduced, the detection efficiency and the sensitivity are improved, and on the other hand, the inductance diaphragm structure is used for introducing parallel inductance, so that the band-pass filtering characteristic of the waveguide sensor is realized;
by arranging the coaxial structure comprising the outer conductor and the probe with the three-part structure, the impedance of the coaxial structure can be adjusted by changing the heights of the truncated cone-shaped outer conductor and the middle probe, the lengths of the cylindrical outer conductor II and the inner side probe and the diameter of the inner side probe, so that the impedance matching and the mode conversion with the waveguide tube are realized;
the waveguide tube with the waveguide structure is a rectangular waveguide tube, and the impedance converter and the diaphragm structure are arranged in the waveguide tube, so that the structure is simple, and the transmission performance is good;
the performance of the microwave/millimeter wave waveguide sensor with the filtering function is improved by arranging the impedance converter to comprise three or more metal steps.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall external view of a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow direction diagram of a liquid to be measured according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first cylindrical outer conductor and an outer probe according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a truncated cone-shaped outer conductor according to a first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a truncated cone-shaped outer conductor and a middle probe according to a first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a second cylindrical outer conductor and an inner probe according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a right side cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a front cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a top cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic size diagram of an inductance film according to a first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a flange and media according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a flange connection structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a simulation result of S-parameters of the waveguide sensor according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is an enlarged view of simulation results according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is an enlarged view of simulation results according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 shows S at different dielectric constants according to the first embodiment of the present invention11Parameter simulation results;
FIG. 17 shows S at different dielectric constants according to a first embodiment of the present invention21And (5) parameter simulation results.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and the components related to the present invention are only shown in the drawings rather than drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, quantity and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be changed freely, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a microwave/millimeter wave waveguide sensor with a filtering function includes a coaxial structure, a waveguide structure and a medium; wherein the coaxial structure is connected to the waveguide structure; a medium disposed between the coaxial structure and the waveguide structure; the waveguide structure is provided with a window, in the example, the window is used for introducing or leading out a substance to be detected into or out of the waveguide structure, and in the example, the substance to be detected is liquid or gas to be detected; the waveguide structure comprises an impedance converter and a diaphragm structure, and the impedance converter is connected with the coaxial structure; the diaphragm structure is used for adjusting the filtering effect. In fig. 1, coaxial _ L1 represents the length of the first cylindrical outer conductor, coaxial _ L2 represents the length of the second cylindrical outer conductor, pyramid _ Height represents the Height of the truncated cone-shaped outer conductor, win _ w represents the side length of the window, and L _ half represents the half length of the waveguide structure.
As shown in fig. 3-6, the coaxial structures are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the waveguide structure, and each coaxial structure includes an outer conductor and a probe, wherein the outer conductor is hollow and is used for placing the probe, the outer conductor is connected with the probe through a medium, and the outer conductor and the probe are coaxially disposed. The outer conductor is in a horn mouth shape as a whole; the outer conductor comprises three parts, namely a cylindrical outer conductor I, a truncated cone-shaped outer conductor and a cylindrical outer conductor II; the cylindrical outer conductor I and the cylindrical outer conductor II are respectively arranged on two sides of the truncated cone-shaped outer conductor, and the truncated cone-shaped outer conductor is smoothly transited with the cylindrical outer conductor I and the cylindrical outer conductor II respectively; the diameter of the second cylindrical outer conductor is smaller than that of the first cylindrical outer conductor, and the second cylindrical outer conductor is further connected with the waveguide structure. Corresponding to the outer conductor structure, the probe also comprises three parts, namely an outer probe, a middle probe and an inner probe, wherein the outer probe corresponds to the cylindrical outer conductor I, the middle probe corresponds to the truncated cone-shaped outer conductor, and the inner probe corresponds to the cylindrical outer conductor II; the middle probe is positioned between the outer probe and the inner probe; the outer probe, the middle probe and the inner probe have continuity in diameter; the middle probe is in a circular truncated cone shape, and the diameter of the middle probe is gradually reduced from one side of the outer probe to one side of the inner probe. The inner probe is connected to an impedance transformer of the waveguide structure. The impedance of the coaxial structure can be adjusted by adjusting the lengths of the truncated cone-shaped outer conductor and the corresponding middle probe, or adjusting the inner diameter of the cylindrical outer conductor II, or adjusting the diameter of the inner probe and the length of the inner probe extending into the waveguide structure; on the other hand, by extending the inner probe into the waveguide structure, discontinuity of the waveguide is caused, and the electromagnetic wave mode other than the TEM mode is excited and generated. In fig. 3, in _ R1 denotes the inner diameter of the first cylindrical outer conductor, probe _ R1 denotes the radius of the outer probe, and out _ R1 denotes the outer diameter of the first cylindrical outer conductor; in fig. 6, in _ R2 denotes the inner diameter of the second cylindrical outer conductor, out _ R2 denotes the outer diameter of the second cylindrical outer conductor, and probe _ R2 denotes the radius of the inner probe.
As shown in fig. 7-10, the waveguide structure further includes a waveguide tube, wherein the impedance transformer and the diaphragm structure are disposed inside the waveguide tube; coaxial structures are arranged on two sides of the waveguide tube. The two impedance transformers are symmetrically arranged at the two ends of the waveguide tube; the impedance transformer is connected to the probe. The impedance transformer is a stepped structure, and comprises at least three steps of metal steps, and in the embodiment, the third-order impedance transformer is adopted. As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the width step _ w of each step of the impedance converter is equal, and the length of each step, step _ L and height step _ h are set values. The first-step metal ladder is connected with the probe; subsequent metal steps are interconnected and connected to the first metal step, in this case the second and third metal steps. It should be noted that in this example, the impedance transformer is connected to the waveguide; in some other embodiments, the impedance transformer is not in contact with the waveguide. By adjusting the width of the steps of the impedance converter and the height and length of each step of steps, the conversion between a coaxial structure and a waveguide structure is realized, the insertion loss and the return loss are reduced, and the detection efficiency and the sensitivity are improved. The diaphragm structure includes inductive diaphragms that are disposed in pairs on an inner wall of the waveguide, in this example, on both sides in a width direction of the waveguide. The inductance diaphragm is connected with the inner wall of the waveguide tube, and at least one pair of inductance diaphragms is arranged inside the waveguide tube. As shown in fig. 10, in this example, 10 pairs of inductive diaphragms are disposed inside the waveguide, wherein a distance is set between two inductive diaphragms in each pair of inductive diaphragms, and a distance is set between two adjacent pairs of inductive diaphragms, it should be noted that the distances a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 between two inductive diaphragms in different pairs of inductive diaphragms may be different, and the distances l _1, l _2, l _3, l _4, l _5 between different pairs of adjacent inductive diaphragms may also be different. The inductance diaphragm structure is used for introducing parallel inductance, so that the band-pass filtering characteristic of the waveguide sensor is realized; the adjustment of the filter performance of the waveguide sensor is realized by adjusting the distance between two inductive diaphragms of the same pair of inductive diaphragms and the distance between different pairs of inductive diaphragms. In fig. 8, probe _ in _ R represents a radius of the protruding probe, intoDepth represents a probe protruding length, and thickness represents a thickness of the waveguide and flanges at both sides of the waveguide, and step _ L1, step _ L2, step _ L3, step _ h1, step _ h2, step _ h3, and step _ w represent a length, a height, and a width of the third-order metal step, respectively; in fig. 7, a and b represent the width and height of the inner wall of the waveguide, respectively; in fig. 10, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 represent the pitch of each pair of inductive patches, and l _1, l _2, l _3, l _4, l _5 are the pitches between different pairs of inductive patches.
As shown in fig. 11 and 12, the waveguide is a rectangular waveguide, two opposite side surfaces of the waveguide are provided with windows, in this example, the windows are arranged on the side surface with the largest two areas of the waveguide, and one side surface is provided with one window; the windows on both sides of the waveguide are disposed bilaterally symmetrically with respect to the center position of the waveguide. The shape of the window may be square, circular, and other regular shapes. The waveguide tube is also provided with a first flange, a second flange is correspondingly arranged on the cylindrical outer conductor II of the coaxial structure, and the first flange on the waveguide tube is detachably connected with the second flange on the cylindrical outer conductor II to realize the connection of the waveguide structure and the coaxial structure. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 12, due to the requirement of the processing method, the plate area of the first flange is larger than the end cross-sectional area of the waveguide tube, and the plate area of the second flange is larger than the end cross-sectional area of the second cylindrical outer conductor during processing, so that the two flanges are connected by the thread. And a flange I on the waveguide tube is provided with a circular through hole, the through hole part is used for penetrating the outer conductor and the probe, the length of the outer conductor extending into the flange I is consistent with the thickness of the flange I, and the outer conductor is in contact with the flange I. The flange is also provided with a medium, wherein the medium is positioned at the through hole part of the flange, and the probe penetrates through the medium and extends into the waveguide structure; in this case, the medium is located between the outer conductor and the probe, and is used for fixing the probe and blocking the substance to be detected from leaking out through the cylindrical conductor.
As shown in fig. 13-15, during the implementation, the simulation was performed by HFSS (simulation software), in which the outer conductor, the probe, the waveguide and the impedance transformer were made of copper, the dielectric material was teflon, and both the inside and the outside of the waveguide were vacuum. Tests show that the center frequency of the filter is 36.12GHz, the pass band width is about 3.61GHz, the maximum value of the insertion loss in the pass band is about 0.48dB, the maximum value of the return loss is about 13.46dB, the filter is out of band by 0.96GHz, and the filter can realize 30dB suppression within 8.16 GHz. According to the results, the microwave/millimeter wave waveguide sensor of the present embodiment is considered to be excellent in transmission performance.
As shown in fig. 16 and 17, the structural parameters of the embodiment are kept unchanged, the dielectric constant of the substance to be measured in the cavity inside the waveguide, that is, the dielectric constant of the liquid or gas to be measured, is changed, simulation is performed by using the HFSS, and the difference between two sets of simulation results is large, which proves that the waveguide sensor of the embodiment has high sensitivity, and can accurately distinguish the liquid or gas with different dielectric constants.
The waveguide structure comprises an impedance converter and a diaphragm structure, wherein the impedance converter is used for realizing impedance conversion between the waveguide structure and the coaxial structure, so that the insertion loss and the return loss are reduced, and the detection efficiency and the sensitivity are improved; by arranging the coaxial structure comprising the outer conductor and the probe with the three-part structure, the height of the truncated cone-shaped outer conductor and the middle probe, the length of the cylindrical outer conductor II and the inner side probe and the diameter of the inner side probe are changed, so that the impedance of the coaxial structure can be adjusted, and the impedance matching and the mode conversion with the waveguide tube are realized; the waveguide tube with the waveguide structure is a rectangular waveguide tube, and the impedance converter and the diaphragm structure are arranged in the waveguide tube, so that the structure is simple, and the transmission performance is good; the performance of the microwave/millimeter wave waveguide sensor with the filtering function is improved by arranging the impedance converter to comprise three or more metal steps.
The above description is only one specific example of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way. It will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art(s) that, having the benefit of this disclosure and its principles, various modifications and changes in form and detail can be made without departing from the principles and structures of the invention, which are, however, encompassed by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A microwave/millimeter wave sensor with filtering function is characterized by comprising a coaxial structure, a waveguide structure and a medium; wherein the coaxial structure is connected to the waveguide structure; a medium disposed between the coaxial structure and the waveguide structure; the waveguide structure is provided with a window, and the window is used for introducing or leading out a substance to be detected into the waveguide structure; the waveguide structure comprises an impedance converter and a diaphragm structure, and the impedance converter is connected with the coaxial structure; the inductance diaphragm structure is used for introducing parallel inductance to realize the band-pass filtering characteristic of the waveguide sensor.
2. The microwave/millimeter wave sensor with the filtering function according to claim 1, wherein the coaxial structures are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the waveguide structure, and each coaxial structure comprises an outer conductor and a probe, wherein the outer conductor is hollow inside and is used for placing the probe; the outer conductor and the probe are fixed through a medium to realize coaxial arrangement.
3. The microwave/millimeter wave sensor with the filtering function according to claim 1, wherein the outer conductor comprises three parts, namely a first cylindrical outer conductor, a second truncated circular outer conductor and a second cylindrical outer conductor; the cylindrical outer conductor I and the cylindrical outer conductor II are respectively arranged on two sides of the truncated cone-shaped outer conductor, and the truncated cone-shaped outer conductor is smoothly transited with the cylindrical outer conductor I and the cylindrical outer conductor II respectively; the diameter of the second cylindrical outer conductor is smaller than that of the first cylindrical outer conductor, and the second cylindrical outer conductor is further connected with the waveguide structure.
4. The microwave/millimeter wave sensor with the filtering function according to claim 3, wherein the probe comprises an outer probe, a middle probe and an inner probe; the middle probe is positioned between the outer probe and the inner probe; the outer probe, the middle probe and the inner probe have continuity in diameter; the middle probe is in a circular truncated cone shape, and the diameter of the middle probe is gradually reduced from one side of the outer probe to one side of the inner probe; the inner probe is connected to an impedance transformer of the waveguide structure.
5. The microwave/millimeter wave sensor with filtering function according to claim 1, wherein the waveguide structure further comprises a waveguide tube, wherein the impedance converter and the diaphragm structure are both disposed inside the waveguide tube; coaxial structures are arranged on two sides of the waveguide tube; the two impedance transformers are symmetrically arranged at the two ends of the waveguide tube; the impedance transformer is connected to the probe.
6. The microwave/millimeter wave sensor with filtering function according to claim 5, wherein the impedance transformer has a step structure comprising at least three metal steps; the first-step metal ladder is connected with the probe; subsequent metal steps are interconnected and connected to the first metal step.
7. The microwave/millimeter wave sensor with filtering function according to claim 6, wherein the width of each step of the impedance transformer is equal.
8. The microwave/millimeter wave sensor with the filtering function according to claim 5, wherein the diaphragm structure comprises inductive diaphragms, the inductive diaphragms are arranged in pairs on the inner wall of the waveguide; the inductive diaphragms are connected with the inner wall of the waveguide tube, and at least one pair of inductive diaphragms are arranged inside the waveguide tube; two inductive diaphragms in each pair of inductive diaphragms are separated by respective set distances; and the adjacent two pairs of inductance diaphragms are separated by respective set distances.
9. The microwave/millimeter wave sensor with the filtering function as claimed in claim 5, wherein the waveguide is a rectangular waveguide, and two opposite side surfaces of the waveguide are provided with windows; the windows on both sides are disposed bilaterally symmetrically with respect to the center position of the waveguide.
10. The microwave/millimeter wave sensor with the filtering function according to claim 9, wherein the waveguide and the coaxial structure are provided with flanges; the waveguide structure and the coaxial structure are detachably connected through a flange; the flange of the waveguide tube is provided with a medium, and the probe penetrates through the medium and extends into the waveguide structure.
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