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CN113942385B - 机动车 - Google Patents

机动车 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113942385B
CN113942385B CN202110702010.XA CN202110702010A CN113942385B CN 113942385 B CN113942385 B CN 113942385B CN 202110702010 A CN202110702010 A CN 202110702010A CN 113942385 B CN113942385 B CN 113942385B
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Prior art keywords
distribution stage
torque distribution
torque
rear axle
combustion engine
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CN113942385A (zh
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C·格吕克
A·雷尔
D·波尔兹
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Audi AG
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Audi AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/348Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed
    • B60K17/35Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches
    • B60K17/3505Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches with self-actuated means, e.g. by difference of speed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/344Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/356Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/001Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units one motor mounted on a propulsion axle for rotating right and left wheels of this axle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4833Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/92Hybrid vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/42Clutches or brakes
    • B60Y2400/427One-way clutches
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D13/00Friction clutches
    • F16D13/22Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members
    • F16D13/38Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members with flat clutching surfaces, e.g. discs
    • F16D13/52Clutches with multiple lamellae ; Clutches in which three or more axially moveable members are fixed alternately to the shafts to be coupled and are pressed from one side towards an axially-located member
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种机动车,包括可驱动的前桥、可驱动的后桥、内燃机、与该内燃机联接的自动变速器和与该自动变速器联接的、可切换的且能够实现全轮驱动的转矩分配级,该转矩分配级与前桥和后桥联接,其中,由内燃机产生的转矩能由转矩分配级引导到前桥或后桥上或者分配到两个车桥上,其中,设置有与后桥联接的电机,其中,由电机产生的、被传递到后桥上的转矩通过联接被传递到转矩分配级并且能由该转矩分配级附加地传递到前桥上,在自动变速器与转矩分配级之间设置有自由轮机构,通过该自由轮机构,自动变速器在内燃机不运转和通过电机进行车桥驱动时与转矩分配级解耦。

Description

机动车
技术领域
本发明涉及一种机动车,包括可驱动的前桥、可驱动的后桥、内燃机、与该内燃机联接的自动变速器、和与该自动变速器联接的、可切换的且能够实现全轮驱动的转矩分配级,该转矩分配级与前桥和后桥联接或可联接,其中,由内燃机产生的转矩能由转矩分配级引导到前桥或后桥上或者分配到两个车桥上。
背景技术
在传统的动力传动系中连接有通常也称为分级自动变速器的传统的自动变速器,在自动变速器的下游连接有转矩分配级、即可切换的全轮驱动级,这种具有传统的动力传动系的机动车能够实现,将通过内燃机产生的转矩通过例如具有七个或八个切换级的自动变速器并且通过后置的转矩分配级或者仅引导到一个车桥上、即根据驱动方式引导到前桥或后桥上,或者引导到前桥和后桥上,从而随后得到全轮驱动。通过转矩分配级可以将在全轮驱动中被引导到前桥和后桥上的相应的份额设定得相同或不同。这使得驾驶员能够选择不同的驱动模式。
机动车越来越多地配备有电驱动装置,其中,优选地设置有所谓的电驱后桥、即包括差速器以及直接驱动后桥的电机的完整的后桥。然而,在具有如上所述的传统的驱动系的机动车中,不能集成这种电驱后桥,在传统的驱动系中如所述那样在自动变速器的下游连接有转矩分配级。因为为了通过电驱后桥也能够实现全轮驱动,必须将电驱后桥与转矩分配级联接,以便将由电机产生的转矩(该转矩主要被传递到后桥上)按份额引导到前桥上,由此也主动地驱动前桥。然而,因为转矩分配级与前置的自动变速器联接,所以在纯电驱动的情况下,由于内燃机驱动的自动变速器以及联接的后桥都附接在转矩分配级的同一节段上,会导致自动变速器在纯电动行驶时被一起驱动、即被一起带动或者说在推进方向上被加载。因为在纯电动行驶时内燃机不工作。这在最好的情况下仅导致拖曳扭矩,该拖曳扭矩产生功率损失并且对电续驶里程产生负面影响。然而,更严重的多的是,在纯电动行驶时因为内燃机不工作所以不向变速器供给润滑剂。因为在开头所述类型的传统的动力传动系中,由内燃机对自动变速器供给润滑剂,也就是说,内燃机获得液压供给并且将润滑剂以足够的压力和足够的量引导到变速器。但在这种情况下因为不存在这种润滑剂供给,所以在较长时间行驶时甚至会导致变速器损坏。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是,提供一种与之相对改进的机动车。
为了实现该目的,根据本发明,在开头所述类型的机动车中设置有与后桥联接的电机,其中,由电机产生的、被传递到后桥上的转矩通过联接被传递到转矩分配级并且能由该转矩分配级附加地传递到前桥上,其中,在自动变速器与转矩分配级之间设置有自由轮机构/超越离合机构,通过该自由轮机构,自动变速器在内燃机不运转和通过电机进行车桥驱动时与转矩分配级解耦。
在根据本发明的机动车中设置有电驱后桥,在其中因此电机连同后桥差速器一起是后桥的固定的组成部分。为了原则上也能够在电动运行中实现全轮驱动,电机持久地与转矩分配级联接,也就是说,电机或者说其传动装置与转矩分配级的相应的输入节段持久地机械联接,例如通过相应的万向轴,所述万向轴将后桥的差速器与转矩分配级联接。
因此,在纯电动运行中,要么在可切换的转矩分配级没有被切换到全轮驱动时仅后桥可以被驱动。在期望全轮驱动时,转矩分配级被相应地切换,并且由后桥传递到转矩分配级的转矩也按份额传递到前桥。
现在为了在两种不同的运行方式中避免自动变速器以开头所述的、不利的方式被一起带动,根据本发明设置有自由轮机构,该自由轮机构设置在自动变速器与转矩分配级之间。该在一侧起作用的自由轮机构能够实现,使自动变速级在纯电动运行工况中与转矩分配级解耦。因为转矩分配级的输入节段—该输入节段在电运行工况中被加载来自后桥的转矩—也与自动变速器联接,以使得在内燃机运行中可以通过自动变速器和转矩分配级将内燃机侧的转矩传递到后桥。但根据本发明,这种联接现在通过中间连接的自由轮机构引导,该自由轮机构这样工作,即,自由轮机构在内燃机不工作或与自动变速器解耦的情况下使转矩分配级与自动变速器解耦,从而在转矩分配级上施加的后桥转矩由于解耦而不能被引导到自动变速器。
通过这种解耦,现在可以实现传统的动力传动系的“电气化”,因为由此可以实现内燃机运行以及电机运行,而不会对自动变速器产生不利影响。因为在纯内燃机运行中自由轮机构联接地作用,也就是说,内燃机侧的转矩被传递到转矩分配级上并且由该转矩分配级根据驱动方式或者引导到前桥或者引导到后桥,或者在全轮驱动的情况下引导到两个车桥。因为转矩通过自动变速器引导并且因为内燃机工作,所以确保了变速器的相应的润滑剂供给自动化。然而在纯电动运行中,自动变速器解耦,从而自动变速器不被一起带动且因此也不会由于缺少润滑剂供给而被损坏。然而,在混合运行中,当内燃机和电机都在工作时,内燃机侧的转矩通过自动变速器经由于是联接着的自由轮机构传递到转矩级,该转矩级还接收在后桥侧产生的转矩,其中,所产生的总转矩随后通过转矩分配级在全轮运行中分配。由于内燃机工作并且因此既提供转矩、又使液压供给装置运行,所以确保了变速器的润滑剂供给自动化。
自由轮机构本身、即该中心的、视情况而定进行联接的构件是夹紧辊自由轮机构或夹紧体自由轮机构。这种夹紧辊自由轮机构或夹紧体自由轮机构在与变速器输出端联接的自由轮机构内部零件上具有相应的夹紧辊或夹紧体,而自由轮机构的外部零件与转矩分配级的相应的输入节段联接。在一个转动方向上,外部零件能在没有机械联接的情况下相对于内部零件转动,在另一个转动方向上直接得到相应的机械的、转矩稳定的联接。如果接通内燃机,则该内燃机也就向自动变速器提供转矩,因此变速器输出轴必然转动并且自由轮机构内部零件也随着变速器输出轴一起转动,从而立即产生与外部零件的机械联接并且所输送的转矩被继续传递到转矩分配级。在纯内燃机运行中,内燃机侧的转矩是唯一施加的转矩,在附加运行电机时,内燃机侧的转矩与电机侧的转矩一起形成总转矩—所述总转矩随后经由转矩分配级在转矩分配级被相应切换时被分配—或者与电机侧的转矩一起仅作用到被驱动的后桥上。
自动变速器与转矩分配级的联接适宜地通过空心轴实现。为此,变速器输出端通过齿部与空心轴联接,该空心轴通过自由轮机构与转矩分配级的输入节段联接。空心轴允许与转矩分配级的输入节段、例如多片式离合器的外摩擦片支架实现中心的、旋转对称的联接,对此下面还要进行探讨。空心轴自身又与自由轮机构的内部零件联接或连接,而自由轮机构的外部零件与转矩分配级的输入节段联接。
输入节段本身在转矩分配级内部与输出节段联接或者在分配级的输出端形成输出节段,转矩分配级通过该输出节段与和后桥联接的万向轴联接。因此通过输出节段在单纯以内燃机驱动时实现将在内燃机侧产生的转矩进一步传递到后桥上,但该输出节段同时也在一定程度上用作在后桥侧提供的电机转矩的输入节段。
转矩分配级本身优选是多片式离合器或者包括这种多片式离合器。通过这种也称为附加式离合器/挂式离合器(Hang-On-Kupplung)的多片式离合器可以将前桥以简单的方式可切换地与后桥驱动装置联接。这种多片式离合器通常具有至少一个外摩擦片支架,该外摩擦片支架是用于内燃机侧转矩并且也用于电机侧转矩的输入节段。多片式离合器还包括内摩擦片支架,该内摩擦片支架通过轴与延伸至前桥差速器的驱动轴联接,从而待分配的转矩由此被传递到前桥上。在外摩擦片支架上以及在内摩擦片支架上布置有相应的摩擦片,这些摩擦片相互啮合,其中,该摩擦片组可以通过合适的调节件、例如液压的CSC调节器(CSC=Concentric Slave Cylinder,同心从动缸)轴向挤压到一起,以便将在输入节段、即外摩擦片支架上导入的转矩在摩擦锁合的、挤压到一起的状态下传递到内摩擦片支架上。
因此,该外摩擦片支架是转矩分配级的输入节段。该摩擦片支架通过自由轮机构与已经描述的空心轴联接,其中,仅在空心轴主动旋转时、并且因此在内燃机运转时才产生机械的、不可相对转动的连接,否则自由轮机构解耦地起作用。外摩擦片支架本身还与形成输出节段的输出轴联接,该输出轴附接着通向后桥的万向轴。
附图说明
本发明的其它优点和细节从下面描述的实施例中以及根据附图得出。
图1示出根据本发明的机动车。
具体实施方式
图1示出根据本发明的机动车1,其包括可驱动的前桥2以及可驱动的后桥3。此外,还设置有内燃机4以及与其联接的自动变速器5、即分级自动装置,其例如具有七个或八个切换级。
在自动变速器5下游连接有转矩分配级6,根据机动车的特定的驱动方式,通过该转矩分配级可以将转矩仅引导到前桥2上或者仅引导到后桥3上,或者在全轮驱动时引导到两个车桥2、3上。为此,转矩分配级6一方面与前桥差速器7联接,这在下面还将详细描述,以及通过万向轴8与后桥差速器9联接,这同样在下面还将详细描述。
后桥3本身是电驱后桥,该电驱后桥具有电机10以及连接在下游的电机变速器11作为固定的车桥组成部分,该电机变速器与差速器9联接。
整个动力传动系的具体设计方案一方面能够实现通过后桥3的纯内燃机驱动或者通过前桥2和后桥3的内燃机驱动的全轮驱动。此外,也可以实现仅通过后桥3的纯电驱动,以及通过后桥3和前桥2的全轮驱动。在纯电驱动的情况下,无论是后桥驱动还是全轮驱动,在任何情况下都确保自动变速器5与转矩分配级6解耦,因此也就在内燃机4不工作时不被一起带动。为了能够实现这一点,自动变速器5的输出轴12通过齿轮传动级13与空心轴14联接,该空心轴自身又通过自由轮机构15—优选夹紧辊自由轮机构或夹紧体自由轮机构—与设计为多片式离合器18的转矩分配级6的输入节段16连接,该输入节段在此为外摩擦片支架17的形式。外摩擦片支架17与转矩分配级的输出轴19连接,该输出轴又与万向轴8联接,该万向轴又与后桥差速器9联接。
此外,多片式离合器18包括内摩擦片支架20。外摩擦片21可轴向移动地设置在外摩擦片支架17上,内摩擦片22可轴向移动地设置在内摩擦片支架20上,其中,轴向移动通过两个箭头P示出。该摩擦片组也就可以通过调节件、例如液压工作的同心从动缸(CSC)轴向挤压到一起并且朝支座运动,从而摩擦片21、22形成摩擦锁合,并且施加在旋转的外摩擦片支架17上的转矩可以被传递到内摩擦片支架20上。
内摩擦片支架20与输出轴23联接,该输出轴又通过齿轮传动级24与延伸到前桥差速器7的轴25联接,通过该轴将转矩、即驱动装置的转矩传递到前桥2上。
如所描述的,万向轴8与后桥差速器9连接,使得由自动变速器5输送的转矩可以被传递到后桥差速器9上,由此可以驱动后桥3。
电机10—在此示例性地示出其中的定子26和转子27—以其输出轴28通过齿部29与中间轴30连接,该中间轴延伸到原本的后桥变速器31,该后桥变速器又与差速器9联接。由此,由电机10产生的转矩可以被传递到车轮上。
如图所示,自动变速器5以及齿轮传动级13和24、空心轴14、驱动轴25以及差速器7可以被集成在一个紧凑的壳体中,一方面该紧凑的壳体法兰连接到内燃机4上,并且另一方面转矩分配级6以其壳体法兰连接到所述紧凑的壳体上。同样地,电机变速器11连同其传动级31和后桥差速器9、电驱后桥3的紧凑的组成部分被集成在一个共同的壳体中,电机10又以其壳体法兰连接到所述共同的壳体上,从而在此也得到非常紧凑的车桥设计方案。
在能够实现全轮接通/驱动的同时能够结合与自动变速器5的解耦实现可变的内燃机驱动和电机驱动的中心元件是自由轮机构15。该自由轮机构如所描述的那样是夹紧辊自由轮机构或夹紧体自由轮机构。自由轮机构15的、在其上布置有夹紧辊或夹紧体的内部零件与空心轴14连接,而自由轮机构15的外部零件与输入节段16、在此即外摩擦片支架17联接。这种布置是这样的,即,当空心轴14在内燃机4运转时主动地通过自动变速器5驱动时,自由轮机构15接合。传递的转矩通过外摩擦片支架17传递到输出轴19上,并且因此通过万向轴8传递到差速器9上,从而由此通过内燃机4驱动后桥3。
如果期望全轮驱动,则操纵多片式离合器18,将由外摩擦片21和内摩擦片22组成的摩擦片组挤压到一起并且形成摩擦锁合,从而在内燃机侧输送的转矩也被传递到内摩擦片支架20上并且从该内摩擦片支架通过输出轴23和驱动轴25传递到前桥差速器7上并且通过该前桥差速器传递到前轮上。
在纯电机运行工况中,也就是说当内燃机4不工作时,转矩仅通过电机10产生并且通过电机变速器11传递到差速器9上并且通过该差速器传递到后轮。但基于万向轴8与差速器9的联接,在此万向轴8也旋转并且基于万向轴与输出轴19的连接而强制性地也使得外摩擦片支架17旋转。然而,该外摩擦片支架通过自由轮机构15与静止的空心轴14解耦,也就是说空心轴14就此不被驱动并且因此自动变速器5也不被一起带动。因此能够实现仅通过后桥3的纯电机驱动,而自动变速器5不同时在推进中被一起加载。
如果要在纯电驱动中实现全轮驱动,则在此也能毫无问题地将由外摩擦片21和内摩擦片22组成的摩擦片组又轴向地朝支座挤压到一起并且形成摩擦锁合,使得目前静止的内摩擦片支架20同样旋转地被驱动。随后被分支的转矩通过输出轴23和驱动轴25再次引导至前桥2。在前桥施加的转矩和在后桥施加的转矩的份额可以与在纯内燃机驱动中类似地被相应地调节。
但是也能实现由内燃机驱动和电机驱动组成的混合驱动。也就是说,在电机驱动时可以接通内燃机4,从而内燃机向自动变速器5提供转矩,该自动变速器将转矩通过空心轴14继续传递。因为空心轴主动地转动,所以自动地在自由轮机构15内部产生力锁合,也就是说,内部零件在一定程度上超越了外部零件,并且施加除了电机侧的转矩之外还施加的附加的转矩。因此,得到由内燃机侧的转矩和电机侧的转矩组成的总转矩,该总转矩随后施加在转矩分配级6上。该总转矩可以再在两个车桥2、3上分支,也就是说,得到一种全轮驱动。但也可以考虑的是,总转矩随后仅被传递到后桥3上。
因此,通过根据本发明的自动变速器解耦,纯电动运行工况是可能的,因为通过自由轮机构15解耦,该传统的动力传动系的变速器静止。因此不会导致变速器的损坏,因为内燃机4不工作,所以没有主动地给变速器供给润滑剂。另一个优点是,电驱后桥3的转矩原则上不通过自动变速器运行,因为该转矩即使在全轮电驱动时也事先通过转矩分配级6分配。这导致,变速器在其有效功率方面仅必须关于由内燃机4提供的转矩来设计。在效率或驱动效率方面,根据本发明的自由轮机构解耦也是有利的,因为自动变速器在纯电驱动时不被一起带动,这否则会导致相对大的拖曳扭矩并且由此导致电续驶里程的减少。更确切地说,仅需要将自由轮机构15与其外部零件一起带动,然而这不会导致值得重视的拖曳扭矩。
因此,该动力传动系的根据本发明的设计方案或自由轮机构15在自动变速器5与转矩分配级6之间的根据本发明实现的集成允许将由内燃机和传统的自动变速器5组成的传统的动力传动系以及传统的转矩分配级与电驱后桥进行组合,而不会由此产生关于自动变速器5的任何缺点。
此外,也可以实现所有的向前和向后运动。在通过内燃机单纯向前行驶时,自由轮机构是接合的,也就是说,自由轮机构联接上并且转矩被继续传递。通过内燃机进行的向后行驶是不可能的,因为在此情况下虽然空心轴14转动,但是自由轮机构是分开的、也就是说解耦。但因为该空心轴在向后行驶时会沿相反的方向转动,所以自由轮机构不接合。
在沿前进方向的纯电机驱动中,自由轮机构是分开的,这导致未被供给润滑剂的自动变速器的根据本发明的解耦。通过电机进行的向后行驶同样是可能的,然而在此自由轮机构由于转矩分配级的输入节段的反转的旋转方向而是接合的,也就是说,自由轮机构联接自动变速器,其被例外地一起带动。然而这在此不是不利的,因为这种向后行驶仅非常短暂地且以低速进行,从而避免了变速器损坏的情况。
在既通过内燃机又通过电机的混合动力驱动的情况下,自由轮机构强制性地关闭,因为转矩由内燃机导入并且传递。如果在给定的混合动力运行中要向后行驶,则短暂地关掉内燃机并且仅通过电机实现向后行驶。

Claims (7)

1.一种机动车,包括可驱动的前桥(2)、可驱动的后桥(3)、内燃机(4)、与该内燃机联接的自动变速器(5)和与该自动变速器(5)联接的、可切换的且能够实现全轮驱动的转矩分配级(6),该转矩分配级与前桥(2)和后桥(3)联接或能够联接,其中,由内燃机(4)产生的转矩能由转矩分配级引导到前桥(2)或后桥(3)上或者分配到两个车桥(2、3)上,
其特征在于,
设置有与后桥(3)联接的电机(10),其中,由电机(10)产生的、被传递到后桥(3)上的转矩通过联接被传递到转矩分配级(6)并且能由该转矩分配级附加地传递到前桥(2)上,在自动变速器(5)与转矩分配级(6)之间设置有自由轮机构(15),通过该自由轮机构,自动变速器(5)在内燃机(4)不运转且通过电机(10)进行车桥驱动时与转矩分配级(6)解耦。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机动车,
其特征在于,
自由轮机构(15)是夹紧辊自由轮机构。
3.根据权利要求1所述的机动车,其特征在于,自由轮机构(15)是夹紧体自由轮机构。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的机动车,
其特征在于,
变速器输出端(12)通过齿部(13)与空心轴(14)联接,该空心轴通过自由轮机构(15)与转矩分配级(6)的输入节段(16)联接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的机动车,
其特征在于,
输入节段(16)与输出节段(19)联接,转矩分配级(6)通过该输出节段与和后桥(3)联接的万向轴(8)联接。
6.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的机动车,
其特征在于,
转矩分配级(6)是多片式离合器(18)或者包括多片式离合器(18)。
7.根据权利要求5所述的机动车,
其特征在于,
转矩分配级(6)是多片式离合器(18)或者包括多片式离合器(18),
多片式离合器(18)具有外摩擦片支架(17),该外摩擦片支架通过自由轮机构(15)与空心轴(14)联接,该外摩擦片支架与形成输出节段的输出轴(19)联接。
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