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CN113903502A - 具自组装保护层的导电结构及自组装涂层组合物 - Google Patents

具自组装保护层的导电结构及自组装涂层组合物 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113903502A
CN113903502A CN202111192641.8A CN202111192641A CN113903502A CN 113903502 A CN113903502 A CN 113903502A CN 202111192641 A CN202111192641 A CN 202111192641A CN 113903502 A CN113903502 A CN 113903502A
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self
protective layer
assembly
conductive structure
coating composition
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陈龙宾
杨宜龙
朱俊鸿
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TPK Universal Solutions Ltd
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TPK Universal Solutions Ltd
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Priority to CN202111192641.8A priority Critical patent/CN113903502A/zh
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Abstract

本发明提供一种具自组装保护层的导电结构及一种自组装涂层组合物。自组装涂层组合物包含树脂、溶剂、以及自组装添加剂。自组装添加剂包含烷基胺、氟代烷基胺、氟代苯胺或其衍生物。自组装添加剂在自组装涂层组合物中具有浓度为约0.01‑100mg/L。导电结构包含基板、纳米银线导电层、以及自组装保护层。纳米银线导电层设置于基板上。自组装保护层覆盖纳米银线导电层，且自组装保护层包含树脂、溶剂、以及上述自组装添加剂。本发明的自组装保护层提供坚固的抗腐蚀屏障，可以保护导电结构中纳米银线导电层，改善导电层被腐蚀的问题。

Description

具自组装保护层的导电结构及自组装涂层组合物
本申请是申请日为2019年11月14日、申请号为201911114973.7、发明名称为“具自组装保护层的导电结构及自组装涂层组合物”的分案申请。
技术领域
具自组装保护层的导电结构及自组装涂层组合物
背景技术
在电子装置中，通常会在导电层上设置一层保护层以防止导电层(例如，金属、金属合金或金属氧化物)被腐蚀。举例而言，可以在铜的表面覆盖一层树脂材料层，以将铜与环境中的腐蚀介质隔离，进而达到抗腐蚀的效果。然而，即使设置了树脂材料的保护层在导电层上，导电层中的金属仍有腐蚀的风险。
发明内容
根据本发明的某些实施方式，提供一种具自组装保护层的导电结构，包含基板、导电层、以及自组装保护层。导电层设置于基板上，包含金属、金属合金或金属氧化物。自组装保护层覆盖导电层，其中自组装保护层包含烷基胺(alkylamine)、氟代烷基胺(fluoroalkylamine)、氟代苯胺(fluoroaniline)或其衍生物。
根据本发明的某些实施方式，导电层包含块状(bulk)、微丝(micro wire)、纳米线(nanowire)、网状(mesh)、颗粒(particle)、团簇(cluster)、或片状(sheet)的导电材料。
根据本发明的某些实施方式，导电层是透明导电层，包含一透明基质层与复数条嵌入透明基质层中的银纳米线。
根据本发明的某些实施方式，自组装保护层包含75wt％-95wt％的树脂以及0.1wt-10wt％的自组装添加剂。
根据本发明的某些实施方式，树脂包含聚丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、聚氨酯、聚酰亚胺、聚醚、聚酯、聚乙烯缩丁醛或其组合。
根据本发明的某些实施方式，自组装保护层具有厚度为约10纳米至约0.5公分。
根据本发明的各种实施方式，提供一种自组装涂层组合物，包括树脂、溶剂、以及自组装添加剂。自组装添加剂包含烷基胺(alkylamine)、氟代烷基胺(fluoroalkylamine)、氟代苯胺(fluoroaniline)或其衍生物，且在自组装涂层组合物中具有浓度为约0.01-100mg/L。
根据本发明的某些实施方式，树脂包含聚丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、聚氨酯、聚酰亚胺、聚醚、聚酯、聚乙烯缩丁醛或其组合。
根据本发明的某些实施方式，溶剂包含水、乙醇、异丙醇、丙酮、四氢呋喃、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、丙二醇甲醚、乙酸乙酯或其组合。
根据本发明的某些实施方式，自组装添加剂包含烷基胺(alkylamine)、氟代烷基胺(fluoroalkylamine)、氟代苯胺(fluoroaniline)或其衍生物或其衍生物。
附图说明
图1A为根据本发明的一些实施方式绘示的导电结构剖面图。
图1B为根据本发明的一些实施方式绘示的导电结构剖面图。
图2为根据本发明的一些实施方式绘示的导电结构的环境测试示意图。
图3为根据本发明的一实施方式的导电结构的环境测试结果。
附图标记说明：
100、200、300：导电结构
110：基板
120、120a、120b：导电层
121、121a、121b：上表面
130：自组装保护层
120T、130T、T1：厚度
D1：间距
W1、W2：宽度
具体实施方式
以下将以图式揭露本发明的复数个实施方式，为明确说明起见，许多实务上的细节将在以下叙述中一并说明。然而，应了解到，这些实务上的细节不应用以限制本发明。也就是说，在本发明部分实施方式中，这些实务上的细节是非必要的。并且为求清楚说明，组件的大小或厚度可能夸大显示，并未依照原尺寸作图。此外，为简化图示起见，一些习知惯用的结构与组件在图标中将以简单示意的方式绘示之。
在本文中使用空间相对用语，例如“下方”、“之下”、“上方”、“之上”等，这是为了便于叙述一组件或特征与另一组件或特征之间的相对关系，如图中所绘示。这些空间上的相对用语的真实意义包含其他的方位。例如，当图示上下翻转180度时，一组件与另一组件之间的关系，可能从“下方”、“之下”变成“上方”、“之上”。此外，本文中所使用的空间上的相对叙述也应作同样的解释。
本发明的一态样，提供一种自组装涂层组合物，包括树脂、溶剂、以及自组装添加剂。自组装涂层组合物中各组分的细节详述如下。
在一些实施方式中，树脂为紫外光(UV)固化树脂或热固化树脂。在一些实施例中，树脂包含聚丙烯酸酯(polyacrylate)、环氧树脂(epoxy)、酚醛树脂(Novolac)、聚氨酯(PU)、聚酰亚胺(PI)、聚醚(Polyether)、聚酯(Polyester)、聚乙烯缩丁醛(PVB)或其组合。在一些实施方式中，树脂可以为光学透明树脂。
在一些实施方式中，溶剂包含水、乙醇、异丙醇(IPA)、丙酮(acetone)、四氢呋喃(THF)、非质子性溶剂(例如，N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、或二甲基亚砜(DMSO)等)、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯(PGMEA)、丙二醇甲醚(PGME)、乙酸乙酯(EAC)或其组合。
在一些实施方式中，自组装添加剂包含烷基胺(alkylamine)、氟代烷基胺(fluoroalkylamine)、氟代苯胺(fluoroaniline)或其衍生物。
自组装添加剂在自组装涂层组合物中的浓度为约0.01-100mg/L，例如为约0.02、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.5、0.7、1、5、10、20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90、95或99mg/L。本发明的自组装涂层组合物具有流动性，可以涂布于导电材料(例如，纳米金属线)的表面，以抑制其腐蚀。在自组装涂层组合物中，若自组装添加剂的浓度小于上述浓度范围，将无法达到足够的抑制腐蚀的效果。若自组装添加剂的浓度大于上述浓度范围，则具疏水特性的自组装添加剂将不利于后续的涂布制程。
本发明的另一态样亦提供一种导电结构。图1A及图1B分别为根据本发明的一些实施方式绘示的导电结构100、200的剖面图。请同时参照图1A-1B，导电结构100包含基板110、导电层120、以及自组装保护层130。
基板110可以为可挠式基板或硬式基板。可挠式基板包含聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、聚环烯烃(Cycloolefin Polymer；COP)、环烯烃共聚物(Cyclic Olefin Copolymer；COC)、聚碳酸酯(Polycarbonate；PC)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(poly(methyl methacrylate；PMMA)、聚酰亚胺(Polyimide；PI)、聚对荼二甲酸乙二酯(Polyethylene naphthalate；PEN)、聚偏二氟乙烯(polyvinylidene difluoride；PVDF)、或聚二甲基硅氧烷(Polydimethylsiloxane；PDMS)，但不限于此。硬式基板包含玻璃、晶圆(wafer)、石英、碳化硅(SiC)、陶瓷，但不限于此。
导电层120设置于基板110上。在一些实施方式中，导电层120包含导电材料，例如金属、金属合金或金属氧化物。在一些实施例中，导电层120可以为铝、钯、金、银、镍、铜、锡、铁或其合金，例如：黄铜。在一些实施方式中，导电层120可以包含块状(bulk)、微丝(microwire)、纳米线(nanowire)、网状(mesh)、颗粒(particle)、团簇(cluster)、或片状(sheet)的导电材料。在一些实施例中，导电层120是透明导电层，包含一透明基质层与复数条嵌入透明基质层中的银纳米线。在一些实施方式中，导电层120可以为单层或多层堆栈的结构。在一些实施方式中，导电层120具有厚度120T为约10纳米-5微米，较佳为约20纳米-1微米，更加为约50-200纳米。例如，可以为55、60、70、100、120、150、180或195纳米。
以银纳米线导电层120为例，银纳米线彼此搭接可形成银纳米线导电网络。适当的纳米线的长宽比例如为10至100000。当使用长宽比较高的传导纳米线时，采用较低密度的纳米线即可实现导电网络，以使得导电网络在可见光范围440nm至约700nm之间基本为透明。需注意的是，把银等金属纳米化后，会大幅提升单位体积下金属的表面积比，即有较高比率的原子位于材料表面，而使其具有高度的化学活性。另外，在如此小的尺寸下，原子或周边的电子会出现量子效性，因此其特性也会可能与巨观材料不同。相较于大尺寸的金属材料，对于银纳米线等微尺寸金属要抑止腐蚀会更为艰巨，而本发明的自组装涂层组合物对于巨观与微观尺寸的金属导电层都可提供足够的保护。
在一些实施方式中，导电层120可以为图案化导电层，如图1B所示。请参考图1B，导电结构200包含导电层120a、120b。在一些实施方式中，导电层120a、120b之间具有间距D1为约5-500微米。例如为约6、10、15、30、50、70、100、200、250、300、400、450、480或490微米。在一些实施方式中，导电层120a、120b分别具有宽度W1、W2为约5-1000微米。例如为约6、10、50、100、200、500、700、900、950或990微米。
请继续参考图1A及图1B。自组装保护层130覆盖导电层120，且包含75wt％-95wt％的树脂以及0.1wt％-10wt％的自组装添加剂。例如，自组装保护层130可以包含76、80、85、90、92、或94wt％的树脂。例如，自组装保护层130可以包含0.2、1.5、1、2、5、7、或9wt％的自组装添加剂。在一些实施例中，树脂包含聚丙烯酸酯(polyacrylate)、环氧树脂(epoxy)、酚醛树脂(Novolac)、聚氨酯(PU)、聚酰亚胺(PI)、聚醚(Polyether)、聚酯(Polyester)、聚乙烯缩丁醛(PVB)或其组合。在一些实施例中，自组装添加剂包含烷基硫醇(alkylthiol)、氟代烷硫醇(fluoroalkylthiol)、氟代苯硫酚(fluorothiophenol)或其衍生物。在一些实施方式中，自组装保护层130为光学透明。
在一些实施方式中，自组装保护层130可以由上述自组装涂层组合物形成。详细地说，可以将上述自组装涂层组合物以任何合适的方法涂布于导电层120上，再藉由固化、烘干等制程形成自组装保护层130于导电层120的表面。在一些实施方式中，可以直接涂布自组装涂层组合物于导电材料的表面，再经由蚀刻制程形成图案化的导电层120及图案化的自组装保护层130。也就是说，自组装保护层130仅形成于导电层120的上表面121之上，如图1A所示。在其他实施方式中，可以先经由蚀刻制程形成图案化的导电层120a、120b，再涂布自组装涂层组合物于导电层120a、120b之上，如图1B所示。
在一些实施例中，自组装保护层130具有厚度130T为约10纳米至约0.5公分。具体而言，导电层120的表面至少包覆厚度为约10纳米的自组装保护层130。如图1B所示，导电层120a、120b的上表面121a、121b之上的自组装保护层130分别具有厚度T1，且厚度T1至少为10纳米。此自组装保护层130可提供坚固的抗腐蚀屏障，强化金属耐腐蚀的能力，进而保护导电层120，有效抑止金属腐蚀。
以下结合实验例对本发明做更详细的说明，但本发明并不限于以下实验例。
实验例1
请参考图2，导电结构300包含基板110、导电层120a、120b、以及自组装保护层130。基板110为聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)基板，厚度为50微米。导电层120a、120b为纳米银线导电层，分别具有厚度为约30纳米、宽度为约200微米，且导电层120a、120b之间的间距为约30微米。导电层具有面电阻为70Ω/□。自组装保护层130包含98％的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯树脂(压克力树脂)以及2％的2,3,4,5,6-五氟苯胺(2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluoroaniline)。自组装保护层130的厚度为约40纳米。也就是说，导电层120a、120b的上表面之上具有厚度约为10纳米的自组装保护层130。
比较例1
比较例1的导电结构与实验例1的差异在于，比较例1的导电层上仅具有聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯树脂作为保护层，其中不包含任何自组装添加剂。
将实验例1与比较例1的导电结构在温度为85℃、相对湿度为85％、直流电压为12V进行环境测试，结果如图3所示。请参考图3，在经过160小时后，比较例1的阳极电阻变化量为88％，而实验例1的阳极电阻变化量为17％。由环境测试结果可知，具有自组装保护层的导电结构可以使导电衰退大幅降低。自组装保护层可以保护被其包覆的导电层，有效抑止导电层的金属腐蚀。
如上所述，根据本发明的实施方式，提供一种自组装涂层组合物及一种包含自组装保护层的导电结构。此导电结构可以应用于任何电子装置中，例如，显示设备。和现有技术相比，本发明的自组装保护层提供坚固的抗腐蚀屏障，可以保护导电结构中导电层，改善导电层被腐蚀的问题。
另注意的是，由于微观尺寸会改变材料特性，传统在大尺寸块状金属层上可用来抑止金属腐蚀的一些疏水处理，施加在纳米线金属层时可能不足以保护纳米线金属层，导致纳米线金属层电阻大幅增加、断路或发黄而降低透明度。而经过本发明的实验证实，本发明的自组装保护层可有效保护块状、微丝、纳米线、网状、颗粒、团簇、或片状的各式导电层，大幅降低导电层电阻随着时间增加的比例。
此外，由于本发明的自组装保护层可设置于成品的导电层上，而不仅仅是疏水处理后即清除的过渡制程，因此可提供更长效的保护。再者，由于本发明的自组装保护层可作为成品迭构的一部分，因此自组装保护层的材料、组成与比例均因应电性、光学特性、折射率、材料附着性与可挠性的需求而设置，以克服习知导电结构的电性、光学特性、折射率、材料附着性与可挠性等问题，体现更具可靠度的导电结构。
虽然本发明已以实施方式揭露如上，然其并非用以限定本发明，任何本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，当可作各种的更动与润饰，因此本发明的保护范围当视后附的权利要求所界定者为准。

Claims (9)

1.一种具自组装保护层的导电结构，其特征在于，其特征在于，包含：
一基板；
一纳米银线导电层，设置于该基板上；以及
一自组装保护层，覆盖该纳米银线导电层；
其中该纳米银线导电层在温度为85℃及相对湿度为85％下，通入电压为12V经过120小时，该纳米银线导电层的电阻变化率小于10％。
2.如权利要求1所述的导电结构，其特征在于，该自组装保护层包含75wt％-95wt％的树脂以及0.1wt％-10wt％的自组装添加剂。
3.如权利要求1所述的导电结构，其特征在于，该自组装保护层的厚度至少为10纳米。
4.如权利要求1所述的导电结构，其特征在于，该自组装保护层包含约98％的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯树脂以及约2％的2,3,4,5,6-五氟苯胺(2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluoroaniline)，其中该自组装保护层的厚度为约10纳米。
5.如权利要求1所述的导电结构，其特征在于，该自组装保护层为光学透明。
6.如权利要求2所述的导电结构，其特征在于，该自组装保护层包含烷基胺(alkylamine)、氟代烷基胺(fluoroalkylamine)、氟代苯胺(fluoroaniline)或其衍生物，上述化合物或其衍生物相对于该自组装保护层具有0.2、1.5、1、2、5、7、或9wt％的组成比例。
7.一种应用于如权利要求1所述导电结构的自组装涂层组合物，其特征在于，包括：
一树脂；
一溶剂；以及
一自组装添加剂，其中该自组装添加剂包含烷基胺(alkylamine)、氟代烷基胺(fluoroalkylamine)、氟代苯胺(fluoroaniline)或其衍生物，该自组装添加剂在该自组装涂层组合物中具有一浓度为约0.01-100mg/L。
8.如权利要求7所述的自组装涂层组合物，其特征在于，该树脂包含聚丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、聚氨酯、聚酰亚胺、聚醚、聚酯、聚乙烯缩丁醛或其组合。
9.如权利要求7所述的自组装涂层组合物，其特征在于，该自组装涂层组合物是涂布于该纳米银线导电层的表面。
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