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CN113890321A - A soft-start and light-load control method and device for a dual active full-bridge DC-DC converter - Google Patents

A soft-start and light-load control method and device for a dual active full-bridge DC-DC converter Download PDF

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CN113890321A
CN113890321A CN202010625608.9A CN202010625608A CN113890321A CN 113890321 A CN113890321 A CN 113890321A CN 202010625608 A CN202010625608 A CN 202010625608A CN 113890321 A CN113890321 A CN 113890321A
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bridge
side bridge
converter
secondary side
primary side
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CN113890321B (en
Inventor
刘可安
尚敬
李炳璋
徐绍龙
甘韦韦
郭维
赵清良
曾明高
何乔
袁芳
丁磊磊
杜超
林超勇
彭学标
羊利芬
莫劲威
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Zhuzhou CRRC Times Electric Co Ltd
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Zhuzhou CRRC Times Electric Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种双有源全桥DC‑DC变换器的软启动和轻载控制方法及装置，变换器包括原边桥的若干开关管和副边桥的若干开关管，包括：步骤一，在第一个PWM周期内，设定开关管导通占空比D为0.5，原边桥内移相比D1为1，原边桥、副边桥间外移相比D2为0，副边桥内移相比D3为1；步骤二，获得输出参考电压与输出电压之差，通过比例积分调节处理获得输出占空比DP；步骤三，根据输出占空比DP判断不同模式；步骤四，根据输出占空比生成原边桥和副边桥开关管的控制脉冲；步骤五，在未收到停机指令或发生故障情况下，返回步骤二。本发明根据PI调节输出的范围灵活选择工作模式，实现了DAB电路的软启动和全负载范围电压稳定。

Figure 202010625608

The invention discloses a soft-start and light-load control method and device for a dual-active full-bridge DC-DC converter. The converter includes a number of switch tubes of a primary side bridge and a number of switch tubes of a secondary side bridge, and includes: step 1 , in the first PWM cycle, set the on-duty ratio D of the switch tube to 0.5, the internal shift of the primary side bridge is 1 compared to D 1 , and the external shift between the primary side bridge and the secondary side bridge is 0 compared to D 2 , the internal shift of the secondary side bridge is 1 compared to D3 ; step 2, obtain the difference between the output reference voltage and the output voltage, and obtain the output duty cycle D P through proportional-integral adjustment processing; step 3, judge according to the output duty cycle D P Different modes; Step 4, generate the control pulses of the primary side bridge and secondary side bridge switch tubes according to the output duty ratio; Step 5, return to Step 2 when no shutdown command is received or a fault occurs. The invention flexibly selects the working mode according to the range of the PI regulation output, and realizes the soft start of the DAB circuit and the voltage stability in the full load range.

Figure 202010625608

Description

Soft start and light load control method and device for double-active full-bridge DC-DC converter
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-frequency switching power supply in the field of power electronics, in particular to a soft start and light load control method and device of a double-active full-bridge DC-DC converter.
Background
Energy transmission between different voltage levels can be realized by adopting a direct current-direct current (DAB) topological structure with an isolation type. The double-active full-bridge DC-DC converter has the advantages of high power density, wide input and output voltage range, symmetrical structure, small voltage and current stress of a switching device and the like as a high-efficiency DC converter, and is applied to various medium and high power occasions in a DC micro-grid system and an energy storage system. The dual-active full-bridge DC-DC converter has three controllable variables, and according to the combination condition of the three variables, three control methods are generally available: traditional single phase shift control, double phase shift control and triple phase shift control.
The traditional single phase-shift control or simply single phase-shift control is the simplest control mode, the primary and secondary H bridge switching devices of the transformer are conducted according to 50% duty ratio, and the magnitude and direction of transmission power are adjusted by controlling the phase shift angle between two H bridges. The control strategy is simple, the dynamic response is quick, but large backflow power exists, and the efficiency of the converter is low.
At the moment, the two bridge type power conversion units on the two sides of the transformer are both conducted at a duty ratio of 50%, and the magnitude and the direction of transmission power are adjusted by controlling a phase shift angle between the two bridge type power conversion units. The control mode is simple to operate, soft switching is easy to realize under heavy-load operation, switching loss is reduced, and switching frequency and overall efficiency of the converter are improved; however, when the input and output voltages are not matched, the converter is difficult to realize soft switching during light-load operation, loop current in the converter is high, circulating energy exists, circulating current loss is increased, and the efficiency of the converter is reduced.
On the basis of the traditional single phase-shift control, the double phase-shift control is added with a phase shift angle in an H bridge at a high-voltage side or a low-voltage side on the basis of the single phase-shift control, compared with the single phase-shift control, the degree of freedom is increased, the effective value of the inductive current can be effectively reduced, and the reflux power of the converter can be reduced.
Compared with the traditional single phase-shift control, the method increases a degree of freedom, thereby increasing an optimization target, effectively reducing the effective value of the inductive current and reducing the backflow power of the converter. However, the control mode cannot realize soft switching in a full load range, so that the circulation loss is increased, the control system is difficult to realize, asymmetry exists, and the dynamic performance of the system is poor.
The triple phase shift control is to control three controllable variables simultaneously, and besides controlling the phase shift angle between two bridge type power conversion units to adjust the magnitude and direction of transmission power, the triple phase shift control also has two controllable variables, so that two optimization targets can be realized. The control mode can better realize the reduction of the inductive current peak value, the effective value and the circulating current power of the converter, and has obvious advantages for improving the system efficiency. However, the control method cannot realize soft switching in a full load range, so that the circulating current loss is increased, and the converter has more working modes and a corresponding control system is more complicated.
Triple phase shift control increases phase shift angle in the H bridge on two sides simultaneously, realizes more accurate control, better realizes reducing the inductive current peak value, effective value and circulation power of the converter, and has obvious advantage for improving system efficiency.
In order to improve the working efficiency of the converter under light load, a method for improving the circuit topology of the double-active full-bridge DC-DC converter is also provided.
The attention focus of the existing DAB converter is focused on optimizing the conversion efficiency and the dynamic characteristic of the converter, the realization of multiple phase-shifting control and soft switching is a means for improving the conversion efficiency, and the dynamic characteristic particularly focuses on the current impact problem in the starting process.
The internal shift ratio of the double phase shift and the triple phase shift control needs to be calculated in real time according to the load condition, so that the DAB circulating current power is reduced, the efficiency of the converter is improved, and the internal shift ratio becomes the key content of DAB research.
Meanwhile, the soft switching implementation of the DAB circuit is another research hotspot. Under ideal conditions, when the DAB circuit is in a matching state and single phase-shift control is adopted, all the switching tubes work in ZVS (zero voltage switching) on and hard off states, and all the diodes work in ZCS (zero voltage switching) off states.
In fact, the polarity inversion of the H-bridge output voltage caused by the multiple phase shift control and the dead zone effect may destroy the soft switching characteristics of the DAB circuit. Therefore, an optimal control strategy or circuit improvement must be performed.
Although the single-phase-shift, double-phase-shift and triple-phase-shift control strategies can stabilize the DAB output in most load ranges, the starting process and the light-load working condition still have a larger improvement space.
The output end of the DAB circuit is usually connected with a filter capacitor, and a starting transient output capacitor can be regarded as a short circuit to cause a larger starting transient impact current which is more prominent in high-voltage and high-power occasions.
In the invention application of ' a control method of a double-active-bridge direct-current converter with a soft start function ', which is published under the number of CN108880264A and is an invention of the university of the applicant's artificial fertilizer combination industry, a soft start control strategy is provided, and the slow rise of the equivalent input voltage of a DAB circuit and the reduction of start impact current are realized by simultaneously and linearly increasing the conduction duty ratio D of an original secondary side H bridge. However, the disadvantages of this method are as follows: 1) the minimum conduction duty ratio of the IGBT causes the minimum output voltage of the primary side H bridge, and the method cannot realize real zero-impact current starting; 2) the control strategy ignores the influence of dead zone effects; 3) the control strategy is clearly divided into two phases, and the smoothness of the switching between the phases is not enough.
The dead zone of the switching tube is usually not considered in the phase-shift control mathematical model, and when the dead zone of the switching tube is large, the mathematical model has deviation.
The DAB circuit dead time is assumed to be: MT (multiple terminal)hs
Wherein, ThsIs half the switching period, and M is the equivalent duty cycle of the dead time in half the switching period.
Under ideal conditions:
M＝0 (1)
the transmission power P controlled by single phase shift is H-bridge phase shift duty ratio D2(or phase shift time D2Ths) Is a function of the equation.
Figure BDA0002564619040000041
Please refer to the transmission power curve shown in fig. 1. Where the ordinate P is the per unit value of the transmission power P and the abscissa D2 is the phase-shifted duty cycle.
Under ideal condition, M is 0, and the per unit value p of transmission power is at phase-shifting duty ratio D2Taking the maximum value of 1 when the value is 0.5; duty cycle of phase shiftD2When 0, the transmission power is 0.
After the dead zone effect is considered, the power transmission mathematical model has larger deviation, phase drift and phase shift ratio D between two H bridges2At 0, there is still power transmission, and p varies with M, as shown by the dashed line in fig. 1.
Fig. 1 is a relationship curve among transmission power, outward shift ratio D2 and dead time ratio M when the DAB circuit adopts single phase shift control.
In the figure, P is the per unit value of the transmission power P. Ideally, the dead time is not present, M is 0, and p is in D2Taking the maximum value of 1 when the value is 0.5; d2When 0, the transmission power is 0, and the whole power transmission curve is about D20.5 symmetry.
After the dead zone effect is considered, the power transmission mathematical model has larger deviation, phase drift and external shift phase ratio D between the two H bridges2At 0, there is still power transmission (corresponding to D in FIG. 1)2Where p is not equal to 0), and p varies with M, as shown by the dashed line in fig. 1. As a result, the output voltage of the DAB circuit is too high during light load, and the voltage stabilization control cannot be performed.
Disclosure of Invention
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present disclosure are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure as claimed.
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a soft start and light load control method for a dual-active full-bridge DC-DC converter, where the converter includes a plurality of switching tubes of a primary bridge and a plurality of switching tubes of a secondary bridge, and the method includes:
step one, in a first PWM period, setting the output voltage of a primary and secondary side bridge of the converter in a starting state to be zero;
step two, obtaining an output duty ratio D according to the difference between the output reference voltage and the output voltageP；
Thirdly, according to the output duty ratio DPJudging different modes;
generating control pulses of the switching tubes of the primary side bridge and the secondary side bridge according to the output duty ratio;
and step five, returning to the step two under the condition that the shutdown instruction is not received or the fault occurs.
Preferably, the invention further discloses a soft start and light load control method of the double-active full-bridge DC-DC converter, which is characterized in that,
in the second step, the output duty ratio D is obtained by adopting proportional-integral regulation processingPIf the output duty cycle D isPSatisfies the following conditions:
0<DP<1
the working condition of the converter is a light-load mode, the conduction duty ratio D of the switching tube is set to be 0.5, and the internal shift ratio D of the primary side bridge is set to be D1＝1―DPThe ratio of outward movement between the primary side bridge and the secondary side bridge is D2When the secondary side bridge is equal to 0, the secondary side bridge is moved inwards to be compared with D3＝1―DP。
Preferably, the invention further discloses a soft start and light load control method of the double-active full-bridge DC-DC converter, which is characterized in that in the second step, the output duty ratio D is obtained by adopting proportional-integral regulation processingPIf the output duty cycle D isPSatisfies the following conditions:
1<DP<1.5
the working condition of the converter is a normal mode, the conduction duty ratio D of the switching tube is set to be 0.5, and the outward shift ratio D between the primary side bridge and the secondary side bridge is set to be larger than that D2＝D P1, by adjusting the ratio of outward displacement between the primary bridge and the secondary bridge2The stabilization of the output voltage is realized.
Preferably, the invention further discloses a soft start and light load control method of the double-active full-bridge DC-DC converter, which is characterized in that the step one further comprises,
the on duty ratio D of the switching tube is 0.5, and the internal shift ratio D of the primary side bridge is D 11, the ratio of outward movement between the primary side bridge and the secondary side bridge is D2Is 0, the secondary side bridge is inwardly moved compared with D3Is 1, the primary side bridge outputs a voltageFixing to 0; therefore, the output voltage of the secondary side bridge is 0, and zero output voltage is realized to start.
Preferably, the invention further discloses a soft start and light load control method of the double-active full-bridge DC-DC converter, which is characterized in that the step five is preceded by further waiting for the next PWM interruption time to trigger.
Preferably, the invention further discloses a soft start and light load control method of the double-active full-bridge DC-DC converter, which is characterized in that the output duty ratio D regulated by proportional integral isPThe output amplitude limit of (1) is 0-1.5.
Preferably, the invention further discloses a soft start and light load control method of the double-active full-bridge DC-DC converter, which is characterized in that in the normal mode, the converter works in any one of single phase shift control, extended phase shift control, double phase shift control and triple phase shift control.
Preferably, the invention further discloses a soft start and light load control method of the double-active full-bridge DC-DC converter, which is characterized in that the internal shift ratio of the primary bridge is D1＝DOPT1The secondary side bridge inward shift phase ratio D3＝DOPT3Wherein said D isOPT1And DOPT3Optimizing the inward shift ratio for the primary and secondary side bridges.
The invention also discloses a soft start and light load control device of the double-active full-bridge DC-DC converter, wherein the converter comprises a plurality of switching tubes of a primary bridge and a plurality of switching tubes of a secondary bridge, and the device is characterized by comprising:
the setting unit is used for setting the output voltage of the primary and secondary side bridges of the converter to be zero in a starting state in a first PWM period;
an output voltage regulating unit for obtaining an output duty ratio D according to the difference between the output reference voltage and the output voltagePAccording to the output duty ratio DPJudging different modes;
the PWM generating unit is used for generating control pulses of the switching tubes of the primary side bridge and the secondary side bridge of the converter according to the output duty ratio;
and the time sequence control and protection unit waits for the triggering of the next PWM interruption time and shifts to the output voltage regulation unit under the condition of not receiving a shutdown instruction or having a fault.
Preferably, the invention further discloses a soft start and light load control device of the double-active full-bridge DC-DC converter, which is characterized in that,
the output voltage regulating unit comprises a proportional-integral regulating unit and outputs a duty ratio DPWhen the conditions are met:
0<DP<1
selecting the converter light-load mode, setting the conduction duty ratio D of the switching tube to be 0.5, and comparing the internal shift ratio D of the primary side bridge with that of the primary side bridge1＝1―DPThe ratio of outward movement between the primary side bridge and the secondary side bridge is D2When the secondary side bridge is equal to 0, the secondary side bridge is moved inwards to be compared with D3＝1―DP。
Preferably, the invention further discloses a soft start and light load control device of the double-active full-bridge DC-DC converter, which is characterized in that,
the output voltage regulating unit comprises a proportional-integral regulating unit and outputs a duty ratio DPWhen the conditions are met:
1<DP<1.5
selecting the converter as a normal mode, setting the conduction duty ratio D of the switching tube to be 0.5, and comparing the outward shift ratio D between the primary side bridge and the secondary side bridge2＝D P1, by adjusting the ratio of outward displacement between the primary bridge and the secondary bridge2The stabilization of the output voltage is realized.
Preferably, the invention further discloses a soft start and light load control device of the double-active full-bridge DC-DC converter, which is characterized in that,
the setting unit enables the conduction duty ratio D of the switching tube to be 0.5, and the internal shift ratio D of the primary side bridge is larger than that D 11, the ratio of outward movement between the primary side bridge and the secondary side bridge is D2Is 0, the secondary side bridge is inwardly moved compared with D3The voltage is 1, and the output voltage of the primary side bridge is fixed to be 0; the secondary side bridge output voltage is 0,achieving zero output voltage to start.
Preferably, the invention further discloses a soft start and light load control device of the double-active full-bridge DC-DC converter, which is characterized in that,
the output duty ratio D of the proportional-integral regulation control unitPThe output amplitude limit of (1) is 0-1.5.
Preferably, the invention further discloses a soft start and light load control device of the double-active full-bridge DC-DC converter, which is characterized in that,
in the normal mode, the converter operates in any one of single phase shift control, extended phase shift control, dual phase shift control, and triple phase shift control.
Preferably, the invention further discloses a soft start and light load control device of the double-active full-bridge DC-DC converter, which is characterized in that,
the primary side bridge internal shift phase ratio D1＝DOPT1The secondary side bridge inward shift phase ratio D3＝DOPT3Wherein said D isOPT1And DOPT3Optimizing the inward shift ratio for the primary and secondary side bridges.
The invention adopts a PI to regulate the voltage stabilization of the output voltage, flexibly selects the working mode according to the range of the PI regulation output, and realizes the soft start and the voltage stabilization in the full load range of the DAB circuit.
Drawings
Embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. Further, although the terms used in the present disclosure are selected from publicly known and used terms, some of the terms mentioned in the specification of the present disclosure may be selected by the applicant at his or her discretion, the detailed meanings of which are described in relevant parts of the description herein. Furthermore, it is required that the present disclosure is understood, not simply by the actual terms used but by the meaning of each term lying within.
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a relationship curve between transmission power, outward shift ratio D2 and dead time ratio M when DAB circuit adopts single phase shift control;
FIG. 2(a) is a schematic diagram of a topology of a dual-active full-bridge DC-DC converter in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2(b) is an equivalent circuit diagram of FIG. 2 (a);
FIG. 3(a) shows a voltage regulation control block diagram of the control method of the present invention;
FIG. 3(b) shows a control flow chart applying FIG. 3 (a);
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the light load mode drive and output voltage waveforms;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a DAB converter soft start waveform using the method of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of the control device of the present invention.
Reference numerals
61-setting unit
62-output voltage regulating unit 63-PWM generating unit
64-time sequence control and protection unit
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only examples or embodiments of the application, from which the application can also be applied to other similar scenarios without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art. Unless otherwise apparent from the context, or otherwise indicated, like reference numbers in the figures refer to the same structure or operation.
As used in this application and the appended claims, the terms "a," "an," "the," and/or "the" are not intended to be inclusive in the singular, but rather are intended to be inclusive in the plural unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In general, the terms "comprises" and "comprising" merely indicate that steps and elements are included which are explicitly identified, that the steps and elements do not form an exclusive list, and that a method or apparatus may include other steps or elements.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions, and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the directional terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are used for convenience of description and simplicity of description only, and in the case of not making a reverse description, these directional terms do not indicate and imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present application; the terms "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the profile of the respective component itself.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "above … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial relationship to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" can include both an orientation of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used to define the components, and are only used for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meanings unless otherwise stated, and therefore, the scope of protection of the present application is not to be construed as being limited. Further, although the terms used in the present application are selected from publicly known and used terms, some of the terms mentioned in the specification of the present application may be selected by the applicant at his or her discretion, the detailed meanings of which are described in relevant parts of the description herein. Further, it is required that the present application is understood not only by the actual terms used but also by the meaning of each term lying within.
Flow charts are used herein to illustrate operations performed by systems according to embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the preceding or following operations are not necessarily performed in the exact order in which they are performed. Rather, various steps may be processed in reverse order or simultaneously. Meanwhile, other operations are added to or removed from these processes.
Referring to fig. 2(a), a topology of a dual-active full-bridge DC-DC converter according to an embodiment of the invention is shown.
The double-active-bridge direct current converter related to the control method comprises an input voltage V1An input capacitor CinOne isPrimary side H1 bridge, a phase-shifting inductor LrA high-frequency isolation transformer T, a secondary side H2 bridge, and an output capacitor CoAnd an output voltage V2。
The primary side H1 bridge includes 4 switching tubes, which are denoted as switching tubes Si (i is 1,2,3,4), and the secondary side H2 bridge includes 4 switching tubes, which are denoted as switching tubes Si (i is 5,6,7, 8).
Among 4 switching tubes Si (i is 1,2,3 and 4) of the primary side H1 bridge, a switching tube S1 is connected with a switching tube S2 in series, a switching tube S3 is connected with a switching tube S4 in series and respectively form two bridge arms of the primary side H1 bridge, and the two bridge arms are connected in parallel to form a direct current end of the primary side H1 bridge; the serial connection point of the switching tube S1 and the switching tube S2 is led out as an alternating current port A of a primary side H1 bridge, and the serial connection point of the switching tube S3 and the switching tube S4 is led out as an alternating current output port B of a primary side H1 bridge.
Among 4 switching tubes Si (i is 5,6,7 and 8) of the secondary side H2 bridge, a switching tube S5 is connected with a switching tube S6 in series, a switching tube S7 is connected with a switching tube S8 in series and respectively form two bridge arms of the secondary side H bridge, and the two bridge arms are connected in parallel to form a direct current end of the secondary side H2 bridge; an alternating current port C of the secondary H2 bridge is led out from the series connection point of the switching tube S5 and the switching tube S6, and an alternating current port D of the secondary H2 bridge is led out from the series connection point of the switching tube S7 and the switching tube S8.
An input voltage V1 is connected in parallel with an input capacitor Cin and then connected in parallel with a direct current end of a primary side H1 bridge, an alternating current port A of the primary side H1 bridge is connected to one end of a phase-shifting inductor Lr, the other end of the phase-shifting inductor Lr is connected to a homonymous end E of a primary side of a high-frequency isolation transformer T, and a heteronymous end G of the primary side of the high-frequency isolation transformer T is connected to an alternating current port B of the primary side H1 bridge (note: Lr is always leakage inductance of the transformer T); the homonymous terminal e of the secondary side of the high-frequency isolation transformer T is connected to the alternating current port C of the secondary side H2 bridge, the heteronymous terminal g of the secondary side of the high-frequency isolation transformer T is connected to the alternating current port D of the secondary side H2 bridge, and the output voltage V is2The output capacitor Co is connected in parallel with the DC end of a secondary side H2 bridge, wherein the transformation ratio of the high-frequency isolation transformer T is n, n is a positive number, and the current of the inductor L is defined as an inductor current iLrThe current flowing from the ac port a of the primary H-bridge to the inductor Lr is positive.
According to the working principle of the converter, k is defined as a voltage regulation ratio, wherein:
k＝V1/nV2 (1)
defining the converter switching frequency as fsWith a switching period of TsHalf switching period of Ths。
Switch tube S1～S8On duty ratio of D (or on time DT)s) Primary side H1 bridge (i.e. input voltage V)1Side full bridge circuit) with an internal shift ratio of D1(or phase shift time D1Ths) The secondary H2 bridge (i.e. the output voltage V)2Side full bridge circuit) with an internal shift ratio of D3(or phase shift time D3Ths) The external shift ratio between the primary side H bridge 1 and the secondary side H2 is D2(or phase shift time D2Ths)。
For the convenience of analysis, the magnetizing inductance of the transformer is neglected, and the secondary side of the transformer is reduced to the primary side, so that the bidirectional full-bridge DC-DC converter shown in fig. 2(a) can be simplified into an equivalent circuit model shown in fig. 2 (b).
Wherein, VH1And VH2The two-way transmission and storage of energy of the double-active full-bridge DC-DC converter, namely the DAB circuit, are mainly dependent on an equivalent inductor L for the equivalent output voltage of the primary and secondary side H1 and H2 bridgesr。
Applied to the inductor LrThe voltages on are as follows:
vLr＝vH1-vH2 (2)
from the above formula, the reason that the starting impact current is too large is very similar to the reason that the voltage cannot be stabilized by light load, and is all VH1The output is too large.
When the DAB circuit is started, the output voltage V 20, equivalent output voltage V of secondary side H2 bridgeH2Is also 0; if the equivalent output voltage V of the primary sideH1The initial output value is larger and is applied to the inductor LrThe voltage on is high; the output end is connected with a capacitive load and outputs a voltage V2Slowly rising, resulting in an inductor current iLrIncreases rapidly, causing a current surge.
DAB circuit adopting single phase-shift control band lightDuring loading, the conduction duty ratio D of the switching tube is assumed to be 0.5, and the H bridge interval shift ratio D is assumed to be D2Also 0.
Under ideal conditions:
VH1＝VH2 (3)
at this time, there is no power transmission on both sides; but the existence of the dead zone causes the equivalent output voltage V of the primary sideH1The regulation range is limited, and the primary side H1 bridge has the minimum output voltage (V)H1) min, corresponding to output voltage V2Also present at the lowest voltage (V)2)min。
Fig. 3(a) illustrates a soft start and light load control method of DAB provided by the embodiment of the present application.
The complete flow chart of the controller of the present application is shown in fig. 3(b), and the content shown in fig. 3(a) is simplified to the PI regulator controller section in fig. 3 (b).
FIG. 3(a) uses a PI controller for the output voltage V2Schematic diagram of performing the voltage stabilization control.
Wherein, V2 *To output a voltage V2A reference value of (a), an output reference voltage V2 *Starting from 0 and ramping up to a final target value V2 **Namely:
Figure BDA0002564619040000151
in the above formula, TRFor ramp up time, the PI controller transfer function is as follows:
Figure BDA0002564619040000152
wherein, KP、KIProportional and integral coefficients, respectively.
According to FIG. 3(a), a reference voltage V is output2 *And an output voltage V2The difference is feedback error, and output duty ratio D is obtained through PI voltage stabilization regulation processingPAccording to which the present application is basedPTo carry outAnd (5) controlling.
Output duty cycle D of PI controllerPThe output amplitude of (1) is limited to 0-1.5, and the initial value is 0.
Referring to fig. 3(b), the control process of the present invention is described in detail as follows:
step S31, start phase
In a first PWM period, the conduction duty ratio D of a switching tube is 0.5, the internal shift ratio D1 of a primary side H bridge H1 is 1, the external shift ratio D2 between the primary side H bridge and a secondary side H bridge is 0, and the internal shift ratio D3 of the secondary side H bridge H2 is 1; the input voltage is V1, the inward shift ratio D1 of the input side H bridge H1 is 1, the switching tubes S1 and S3 are simultaneously conducted, the switching tubes S2 and S4 are simultaneously conducted, and the output voltage VH1 of the primary side H bridge H1 is fixed to 0; output voltage of V2Since the output side H-bridge H2 moves inward to 1 compared to D3, the switching tubes S5 and S7 are simultaneously turned on, and the switching tubes S6 and S8 are simultaneously turned on, the output voltage VH2 of the secondary side H2 is also 0; the circuit implementation starts from zero output voltage.
This step is implemented by the setting unit 61 in the control device given in correspondence with fig. 6.
Step S32, outputting the reference voltage V2 *Increasing, and regulating output duty ratio to be D through proportional-integral regulation (PI regulation for short)PAccording to the output duty ratio DPThe converter can selectively work in the following two working conditions. In the step S331, the first step is executed,
when 0 is present<DP<1, the DAB circuit works in a first working condition of a light load mode.
At this time, the on duty ratio D of the switching tube is set to 0.5, and the primary side H bridge H1 is shifted inward by 1-D compared with D1PThe external shift phase ratio D2 between the original H bridge and the secondary H bridge is 0, and the internal shift phase ratio D3 of the secondary H bridge H2 is 1-DP(ii) a When the dead zone is ignored, the switch tubes S1, S4, S2 and S3 are simultaneously conducted for DPThs, the voltage VH1 output by the primary side H bridge H1 is changed into positive and negative pulse waves with the pulse width DPThs, amplitude ± V1; the primary equivalent output voltage VH1 is subjected to energy transmission through an inductor Lr, the inductor current iLr is gradually increased from 0, the waveform of the output voltage VH2 of the secondary H-bridge H2 is the same as that of VH1, and the output voltage V is2And continuously rising until the circuit is balanced.
Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between the light-load mode driving and the output voltage waveform.
In a step S332, the process is executed,
when 1 is<DP<1.5, the DAB circuit works in the working condition two of the normal mode.
At this time, as the transmission power is continuously increased, the output duty ratio D is regulated by the PIPThe conduction duty ratio D of the switching tube is 0.5, and the outward shift ratio D2 between the primary and secondary H bridges is D P1, when the output voltage V is achieved by adjusting D22The stability of (2). At the moment, the converter can selectively work in the traditional single phase-shifting control, the traditional extended phase-shifting control, the traditional double phase-shifting control and the traditional triple phase-shifting control, and the internal shift ratio of the primary side H bridge is expressed as D1-DOPT1And D3 ═ DOPT3。
The above steps are implemented by the output voltage adjusting unit 62 in the control device given corresponding to fig. 6. Step S34, generating control pulses of primary side H1 bridge switching tubes S1, S2, S3 and S4 and secondary side H2 bridge switching tubes S5, S6, S7 and S8 according to the generated D, D1, D2 and D3;
the above steps are implemented by the PWM generating unit 63 in the control device given with respect to fig. 6.
Step S35, waiting for the next interrupt time (note: the whole PWM pulse control program is usually placed in the timing interrupt program or PWM interrupt program of the micro-processing, the control program periodically runs at regular time, and when the program runs, the next interrupt trigger is waited to run again);
step S36, judging whether an external shutdown instruction is received or a fault protection is triggered to shut down, if the shutdown instruction is not received, turning to step S32 to continue to perform voltage stabilization control;
step S37, if the shutdown request is received in step S36, the whole process is ended.
The above steps are implemented by the timing control and protection unit 64 given in correspondence with fig. 6.
It should be noted that the normal mode DAB circuit can selectively work in single phase shift, extended phase shift, double phase shift and triple phase shift control modes, and is consistent with a conventional control strategy.
If single phase shift control is adopted, the original and secondary bridges H1 and H2 on both sides do not adopt internal phase shift, D1＝0，D3＝0；
If the extended phase shift control is adopted, the high-pressure side adopts the internal phase shift, and the low-pressure side does not have the internal phase shift, namely D1＝DOPT1，D30 (or D)1＝0，D3＝DOPT3，DOPTFor the calculated optimized interpolation ratio);
if a dual phase-shift control strategy is adopted, D1＝DOPT1，D3＝DOPT3(DOPT1＝DOPT3) (ii) a If triple phase shift control is employed, D1＝DOPT1，D3＝DOPT3；
The four control strategies mentioned above, summarized as D1＝DOPT1，D3＝DOPT3。
In summary, the invention provides a method for controlling soft start and light load mode of a dual-active full-bridge DC-DC converter (DAB), which adopts a PI to regulate the voltage stabilization of the output voltage, flexibly selects the working mode according to the range of the PI regulated output, and realizes the soft start and the voltage stabilization in the full load range of the DAB circuit.
By applying the soft start and light load control method and the device, the following technical effects can be obtained:
firstly, the starting current impact of the DAB circuit is eliminated, and the primary side H1 bridge outputs a voltage VH1Gradually increasing from zero to output voltage V2And the inductor current iLrAnd (3) synchronous increase is carried out, zero-impact starting of the inductive current is realized, and the simulation result is the soft start waveform of the double-active full-bridge DC-DC converter shown in figure 5.
DAB Circuit Start-Up procedure, V, in FIG. 52Increasing from 0V ramp mode to 110V and finally keeping stable.
Wherein the inductive current iLrThe current gradually increases from 0A to about +/-45A, and the whole envelope curve of the inductive current has no large peak, namely, no current impact exists in the starting process.
Second, the output voltage V is realized2In the full load rangeThe internal stability eliminates the problem that the output voltage of the DAB circuit cannot be stabilized to the reference value when the DAB circuit is in no load or light load due to dead zones.
And thirdly, the flexible switching between the light load mode and the normal working mode is realized, the working mode is selected only according to the PI regulation output range, the judgment condition is simple and easy to realize, and the switching is smooth.
Fourthly, the method can be compatible with DAB single phase shift, extended phase shift, double phase shift and triple phase shift control algorithms.
Fifthly, the method is realized through software, hardware cost is not increased, the method is universal, and the method is convenient to popularize.
Having thus described the basic concept, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the foregoing disclosure is by way of example only, and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications, improvements and adaptations to the present application may occur to those skilled in the art, although not explicitly described herein. Such modifications, improvements and adaptations are proposed in the present application and thus fall within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of the present application.
Also, this application uses specific language to describe embodiments of the application. Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," and/or "some embodiments" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with at least one embodiment of the present application is included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, it is emphasized and should be appreciated that two or more references to "an embodiment" or "one embodiment" or "an alternative embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, some features, structures, or characteristics of one or more embodiments of the present application may be combined as appropriate.
Similarly, it should be noted that in the preceding description of embodiments of the application, various features are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure aiding in the understanding of one or more of the embodiments. This method of disclosure, however, is not intended to require more features than are expressly recited in the claims. Indeed, the embodiments may be characterized as having less than all of the features of a single embodiment disclosed above.
Numerals describing the number of components, attributes, etc. are used in some embodiments, it being understood that such numerals used in the description of the embodiments are modified in some instances by the use of the modifier "about", "approximately" or "substantially". Unless otherwise indicated, "about", "approximately" or "substantially" indicates that the number allows a variation of ± 20%. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters used in the specification and claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties of the individual embodiments. In some embodiments, the numerical parameter should take into account the specified significant digits and employ a general digit preserving approach. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the range are approximations, in the specific examples, such numerical values are set forth as precisely as possible within the scope of the application.
Although the present application has been described with reference to the present specific embodiments, it will be recognized by those skilled in the art that the foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the present application and that various changes and substitutions of equivalents may be made without departing from the spirit of the application, and therefore, it is intended that all changes and modifications to the above-described embodiments that come within the spirit of the application fall within the scope of the claims of the application.

Claims (15)

1.一种双有源全桥DC-DC变换器的软启动和轻载控制方法，所述变换器包括原边桥的若干开关管和副边桥的若干开关管，其特征在于，所述方法包括：1. a soft-start and light-load control method of a dual active full-bridge DC-DC converter, the converter comprises some switch tubes of the primary side bridge and some switch tubes of the secondary side bridge, it is characterized in that, described Methods include: 步骤一，在第一个PWM周期内，设置启动状态下所述变换器原副边桥输出电压为零；Step 1, in the first PWM cycle, set the output voltage of the primary and secondary side bridges of the converter to zero in the startup state; 步骤二，根据输出参考电压与输出电压之差获得输出占空比DP；Step 2, obtaining the output duty cycle D P according to the difference between the output reference voltage and the output voltage; 步骤三，根据所述输出占空比DP判断不同模式；Step 3, judging different modes according to the output duty cycle D P ; 步骤四，根据所述输出占空比生成所述原边桥和所述副边桥开关管的控制脉冲；Step 4, generating control pulses of the primary side bridge and the secondary side bridge switch tubes according to the output duty cycle; 步骤五，在未收到停机指令或发生故障情况下，返回步骤二。Step 5: Return to Step 2 if no shutdown instruction is received or a fault occurs. 2.根据权利要求1所述的双有源全桥DC-DC变换器的软启动和轻载控制方法，其特征在于，2. the soft-start and light-load control method of dual active full-bridge DC-DC converter according to claim 1, is characterized in that, 所述步骤二中，采用比例积分调节处理获得输出占空比DP，如果所述输出占空比DP满足：In the second step, the proportional integral adjustment process is used to obtain the output duty cycle D P , if the output duty cycle D P satisfies: 0<DP<10< DP <1 所述变换器的工况为轻载模式，设定所述开关管导通占空比D为0.5，所述原边桥内移相比D1＝1―DP，所述原边桥、副边桥间外移相比D2＝0，所述副边桥内移相比D3＝1―DP。The working condition of the converter is the light load mode, the on-duty ratio D of the switch tube is set to be 0.5, the inward shift ratio of the primary side bridge is D 1 = 1−DP , the primary side bridge, The ratio of the external shift between the secondary side bridges is D 2 =0, and the ratio of the internal shift of the secondary side bridge is D 3 = 1−DP . 3.根据权利要求1所述的双有源全桥DC-DC变换器的软启动和轻载控制方法，其特征在于，3. the soft-start and light-load control method of dual active full-bridge DC-DC converter according to claim 1, is characterized in that, 所述步骤二中，采用比例积分调节处理获得输出占空比DP，如果所述输出占空比DP满足：In the second step, the proportional integral adjustment process is used to obtain the output duty cycle D P , if the output duty cycle D P satisfies: 1<DP<1.51<D P <1.5 所述变换器的工况为正常模式，设定所述开关管导通占空比D为0.5，所述原边桥、副边桥间外移相比D2＝DP―1，通过调节所述原边桥、副边桥间外移相比D2实现输出电压的稳定。The working condition of the converter is the normal mode, and the on - duty ratio D of the switch tube is set to be 0.5. The external shift between the primary side bridge and the secondary side bridge is compared with D 2 to achieve the stability of the output voltage. 4.根据权利要求2或3所述的双有源全桥DC-DC变换器的软启动和轻载控制方法，其特征在于，所述步骤一进一步包括，4. The soft-start and light-load control method of the dual active full-bridge DC-DC converter according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the step 1 further comprises, 所述开关管导通占空比D为0.5，所述原边桥内移相比D1为1，所述原边桥、副边桥间外移相比D2为0，所述副边桥内移相比D3为1，所述原边桥输出电压固定为0；所以副边桥输出电压为0，实现零输出电压开始启动。The on-duty ratio D of the switch tube is 0.5, the inward shift of the primary side bridge is 1 compared to D1, the outward shift between the primary side bridge and the secondary side bridge is 0 compared to D2, and the secondary side The internal shift of the bridge is 1 compared to D 3 , and the output voltage of the primary side bridge is fixed to 0; therefore, the output voltage of the secondary side bridge is 0, and the zero output voltage starts to start. 5.根据权利要求4所述的双有源全桥DC-DC变换器的软启动和轻载控制方法，其特征在于，5. The soft-start and light-load control method of dual active full-bridge DC-DC converter according to claim 4, is characterized in that, 所述步骤五之前进一步包括，等待下一个PWM中断时刻触发。Before the step 5, the method further includes, waiting for the next PWM interrupt moment to be triggered. 6.根据权利要求5所述的双有源全桥DC-DC变换器的软启动和轻载控制方法，6. The soft-start and light-load control method of the dual active full-bridge DC-DC converter according to claim 5, 所述比例积分调节的输出占空比DP的输出限幅为0～1.5。The output amplitude limit of the output duty cycle D P adjusted by the proportional integral is 0-1.5. 7.根据权利要求6所述的双有源全桥DC-DC变换器的软启动和轻载控制方法，其特征在于，7. The soft-start and light-load control method of dual active full-bridge DC-DC converter according to claim 6, is characterized in that, 在所述正常模式下，所述变换器工作于单移相控制、扩展移相控制、双重移相控制和三移相控制中任一种。In the normal mode, the converter operates in any one of single phase shift control, extended phase shift control, double phase shift control and triple phase shift control. 8.根据权利要求7所述的双有源全桥DC-DC变换器的软启动和轻载控制方法，其特征在于，8. The soft-start and light-load control method of dual active full-bridge DC-DC converter according to claim 7, is characterized in that, 所述原边桥内移相比D1＝DOPT1，所述副边桥内移相比D3＝DOPT3，其中所述DOPT1和DOPT3为原、副边桥优化内移相比。The internal shift ratio of the primary side bridge is D 1 =D OPT1 , and the internal shift ratio of the secondary side bridge is D 3 =D OPT3 , wherein the DOPT1 and D OPT3 are the optimized internal shift ratio of the primary side bridge and the secondary side bridge. 9.一种双有源全桥DC-DC变换器的软启动和轻载控制装置，所述变换器包括原边桥的若干开关管和副边桥的若干开关管，其特征在于，所述装置包括：9. A soft-start and light-load control device for a dual-active full-bridge DC-DC converter, the converter comprises several switch tubes of the primary side bridge and several switch tubes of the secondary side bridge, wherein the The device includes: 设定单元，在第一个PWM周期内，设置启动状态下所述变换器原副边桥输出电压为零；The setting unit, in the first PWM cycle, sets the output voltage of the primary and secondary side bridges of the converter to zero in the startup state; 输出电压调节单元，根据输出参考电压与输出电压之差获得输出占空比DP，根据所述输出占空比DP判断不同模式；The output voltage adjustment unit obtains the output duty cycle D P according to the difference between the output reference voltage and the output voltage, and determines different modes according to the output duty cycle D P ; PWM生成单元，根据所述输出占空比生成所述变换器的所述原边桥和所述副边桥开关管的控制脉冲；a PWM generation unit, which generates control pulses of the switch tubes of the primary side bridge and the secondary side bridge of the converter according to the output duty cycle; 时序控制与保护单元，等待下一个PWM中断时刻触发，在未收到停机指令或发生故障情况下，转入所述输出电压调节单元。The sequence control and protection unit waits for the next PWM interrupt time to be triggered, and transfers to the output voltage adjustment unit in the case of not receiving a shutdown command or a fault occurs. 10.根据权利要求9所述的双有源全桥DC-DC变换器的软启动和轻载控制装置，其特征在于，10. The soft-start and light-load control device of a dual-active full-bridge DC-DC converter according to claim 9, characterized in that, 所述输出电压调节单元包括比例积分调节单元，在输出占空比DP满足时：The output voltage adjustment unit includes a proportional-integral adjustment unit, and when the output duty cycle D P is satisfied: 0<DP<10< DP <1 选择所述变换器轻载模式，设定所述开关管导通占空比D为0.5，所述原边桥内移相比D1＝1―DP，所述原边桥、副边桥间外移相比D2＝0，所述副边桥内移相比D3＝1―DP。Select the light-load mode of the converter, set the on-duty ratio D of the switch to be 0.5, the inward shift ratio of the primary side bridge is D 1 = 1−DP , the primary side bridge and the secondary side bridge D 2 =0 for the external shift, and D 3 = 1−DP for the internal shift of the secondary side bridge. 11.根据权利要求9所述的双有源全桥DC-DC变换器的软启动和轻载控制装置，其特征在于，11. The soft-start and light-load control device of a dual active full-bridge DC-DC converter according to claim 9, characterized in that, 所述输出电压调节单元包括比例积分调节单元，在输出占空比DP满足时：The output voltage adjustment unit includes a proportional-integral adjustment unit, and when the output duty cycle D P is satisfied: 1<DP<1.51<D P <1.5 选择所述变换器为正常模式，设定所述开关管导通占空比D为0.5，所述原边桥、副边桥间外移相比D2＝DP―1，通过调节所述原边桥、副边桥间外移相比D2实现输出电压的稳定。The converter is selected as the normal mode, the on-duty ratio D of the switch tube is set to be 0.5, the external shift ratio between the primary side bridge and the secondary side bridge is D 2 =D P −1, by adjusting the Compared with D2, the external shift between the primary side bridge and the secondary side bridge realizes the stability of the output voltage. 12.根据权利要求10或11所述的双有源全桥DC-DC变换器的软启动和轻载控制装置，其特征在于，12. The soft-start and light-load control device of a dual-active full-bridge DC-DC converter according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that, 所述设定单元使所述开关管导通占空比D为0.5，所述原边桥内移相比D1为1，所述原边桥、副边桥间外移相比D2为0，所述副边桥内移相比D3为1，所述原边桥输出电压固定为0；所以副边桥输出电压为0，实现零输出电压开始启动。The setting unit makes the on-duty ratio D of the switch tube to be 0.5, the inward shift of the primary side bridge is 1 compared to D 1 , and the outward shift between the primary side bridge and the secondary side bridge is compared to D 2 . 0, the inward shift of the secondary side bridge is 1 compared to D3 , and the output voltage of the primary side bridge is fixed at 0; therefore, the output voltage of the secondary side bridge is 0, and the zero output voltage starts to start. 13.根据权利要求12所述的双有源全桥DC-DC变换器的软启动和轻载控制装置，其特征在于，13. The soft-start and light-load control device of a dual active full-bridge DC-DC converter according to claim 12, characterized in that, 所述比例积分调节控制单元的输出占空比DP的输出限幅为0～1.5。The output amplitude limit of the output duty ratio D P of the proportional-integral adjustment control unit is 0-1.5. 14.根据权利要求13所述的双有源全桥DC-DC变换器的软启动和轻载控制装置，其特征在于，14. The soft-start and light-load control device of a dual active full-bridge DC-DC converter according to claim 13, characterized in that, 在所述正常模式下，所述变换器工作于单移相控制、扩展移相控制、双重移相控制和三移相控制中任一种。In the normal mode, the converter operates in any one of single phase shift control, extended phase shift control, double phase shift control and triple phase shift control. 15.根据权利要求14所述的双有源全桥DC-DC变换器的软启动和轻载控制装置，其特征在于，15. The soft-start and light-load control device of a dual active full-bridge DC-DC converter according to claim 14, characterized in that, 所述原边桥内移相比D1＝DOPT1，所述副边桥内移相比D3＝DOPT3，其中所述DOPT1和DOPT3为原、副边桥优化内移相比。The internal shift ratio of the primary side bridge is D 1 =D OPT1 , and the internal shift ratio of the secondary side bridge is D 3 =D OPT3 , wherein the DOPT1 and D OPT3 are the optimized internal shift ratio of the primary side bridge and the secondary side bridge.
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