CN113884894A - Research on online monitoring method of battery cluster inconsistency based on external characteristics - Google Patents
Research on online monitoring method of battery cluster inconsistency based on external characteristics Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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- G01R31/3865—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables related to manufacture, e.g. testing after manufacture
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
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Abstract
The invention discloses an energy storage power station battery cluster inconsistency online evaluation method based on external characteristics, wherein the method comprises the following steps: screening the battery pack box based on two parameter indexes of available capacity and direct-current internal resistance, and selecting a characterization monomer; obtaining the discharge capacity Q of the battery cluster in real time, representing the discharge capacity Q of a monomer and representing the voltage drop delta U caused by direct-current internal resistancedc、ΔudcAnd voltage rise DeltaU due to polarization impedancep、ΔupTo obtain a linear fitting relationship f1(q,Q)、f2(n·Δudc,ΔUdc) And f3(n·Δup,ΔUp) And deriving the linear fitting relations to obtain the change rate k1(q,Q)、k2(n·Δudc,ΔUdc)、k3(n·Δup,ΔUp). Rate of change k to a linear fit function1、k2And k is3And carrying out real-time monitoring to judge the inconsistency of the battery clusters. The method has the advantages of low implementation cost, easy practical application and effective electricity pairingPool cluster inconsistency is evaluated online.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electrochemical energy storage, in particular to the field of health state detection of lithium ion battery clusters for electric energy storage.
Background
The problem of inconsistency of the battery clusters can reduce the service efficiency of the battery stack, and if monitoring and management are not carried out, irreversible damage can be easily caused to the service life of the energy storage power station. The safety of the battery cluster is directly related to the operation state of the internal battery pack box, so that the most important angle of exploring the operation state of the battery cluster is to master which dimension is closest to the critical state in the multi-dimensional state of the battery pack box, master the corresponding rule of the critical state and the operation state of the battery cluster, and grasp the most concerned characteristic in the operation overall situation of the energy storage system. Moreover, a Battery Management System (BMS) is limited by hardware level and has limited computing capability, and practical application problems should be considered while the evaluation means of the running state of the energy storage Battery is continuously updated.
Therefore, on the basis of constant-current charging and discharging, under the condition of ensuring the safe operation state of the battery cluster of the energy storage power station, in order to reduce the data acquisition amount and bad data, the floating rule of the discharge capacity, the direct-current resistance voltage drop and the polarization impedance voltage rise of the battery cluster and a battery pack box caused by the aging inconsistency of the battery in the constant-current charging and discharging process is explored, the inconsistency of the battery cluster is subjected to online evaluation based on external characteristics through relevant conclusions, and the real-time data measured by an energy storage battery management system (EMS) is effectively utilized while the safety dimensionality of the system is enriched.
Disclosure of Invention
The energy storage battery system adopts a modular general packet design, a battery cluster is used as a main body and is matched with a thermal management system, a fire protection system, an illumination system, a video monitoring system and a battery management system BMS for operation, and the energy storage power station mostly adopts a battery cluster constructed based on a battery module unit box phase (battery pack box for short) as a basic unit.
If the inconsistency of the battery cluster is determined by monitoring the internal characteristics of the battery pack box in real time, not only online parameter identification is needed, but also the data acquisition amount and the calculation amount are too large, and the BMS is difficult to realize the requirements; some documents propose real-time monitoring of the characteristics outside each battery pack box in a cluster to determine inconsistency, but data acquisition amount is also large.
Therefore, an online evaluation method based on the inconsistency of the battery cluster and the characteristic single battery pack box discharge capacity change, the direct current resistance voltage drop change and the polarization impedance voltage rise change is proposed. The safe running state of the battery cluster of the energy storage power station is guaranteed, the possibility of accidents caused by uneven aging degree is reduced, the information acquisition amount and bad data are reduced, and the practical application is easier.
In a first aspect, uncertainty differences in available capacity and internal resistance are a major source of battery pack inconsistency. Therefore, before the battery clusters are put into operation in groups, the battery pack box is screened based on two parameter indexes of available capacity and direct-current internal resistance, a characterization monomer is selected, and the screening conditions are as follows:
the available capacity q and the direct current internal resistance r of the characterization monomerdcThe average value of the available capacity of all battery pack boxes in the battery cluster and the average value of the direct current internal resistance are closest to each other, and the characterization single body is taken as a reference object to provide reference for inconsistency in the working process of the battery cluster.
In a second aspect, a discharge capacity-based online evaluation method for inconsistency of battery clusters of energy storage power stations is provided, and comprises the following steps:
obtaining the discharge capacity Q of the battery cluster and the discharge capacity Q of the monomer in real time to perform linear fitting to obtain a linear relation f1(q,Q)，
Deriving its rate of change k based on linear fit relationship1(q,Q)，
For rate of change k1(Q, Q) are recorded on line, if a certain battery pack box in the battery cluster is influenced by external environment and the aging degree is aggravated, the discharge capacity value is reduced, the discharge capacity Q reduction amplitude is gradually larger than the representation monomer discharge capacity Q reduction amplitude, and the change rate k1Presenting an increasing trend;
in a third aspect, an online evaluation method for inconsistency of a battery cluster of an energy storage power station based on direct-current internal resistance voltage drop is provided, which includes:
obtaining voltage drop delta U of battery cluster and characterization monomer caused by direct current internal resistance in real timedc、ΔudcLinear fitting is carried out to obtain a linear relation f2(n·Δudc,ΔUdc) N is the number of the battery pack boxes,
deriving its rate of change k based on linear fit relationship2(n·Δudc,ΔUdc)，
For rate of change k2(n·Δudc,ΔUdc) The on-line recording is carried out,if the aging degree of a certain battery pack box in the battery cluster is increased due to the influence of the external environment, the direct current resistance value is increased, and the voltage drop amplitude delta U is causeddcGradually greater than the characteristic monomer n.DELTA.udcRate of change k2Presenting an increasing trend;
in a fourth aspect, an online evaluation method for inconsistency of a battery cluster of an energy storage power station based on polarization impedance voltage rise is provided, which includes:
obtaining the voltage rise delta U of the battery cluster and the characterization monomer caused by the polarization impedance in real timep、ΔupLinear fitting is carried out to obtain a linear relation f3(n·Δup,ΔUp) N is the number of the battery pack boxes,
deriving its rate of change k based on linear fit relationship3(n·Δup,ΔUp)。
For rate of change k3(n·Δup,ΔUp) On-line recording is carried out, if a certain battery pack box in the battery cluster is influenced by the external environment and the aging degree is aggravated, the direct current resistance value is increased, and the voltage drop amplitude delta U is causedpGradually greater than the characteristic monomer n.DELTA.upRate of change k3Presenting an increasing trend;
in a fifth aspect, the rate of change k is a linear fit function1、k2And k is3Real-time monitoring is carried out to construct a multi-security-dimension evaluation system, and more accurate judgment can be carried out by adding weights to different application scenes in actual application, as shown in the following formula.
Further, when the inconsistency of the battery PACK boxes in the battery cluster is judged, the method further comprises the following steps:
disconnecting the direct-current side contactor of the converter and the BMS high-voltage box switch, carrying out parameter detection on each battery pack box, and replacing the person with the deep aging degree.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides an online evaluation method based on the inconsistency of discharge capacity change, direct current resistance voltage drop change and polarization impedance voltage rise change of a battery cluster and a single battery pack box, which has the advantages of low cost, no disturbance, low data acquisition amount, easiness in practical application, enrichment of safety dimensionality of a rating system, full utilization of real-time data of an energy storage battery management system and effective online evaluation of the inconsistency of the battery cluster.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 shows a voltage amplitude sampling range of a method for evaluating inconsistency of a battery cluster according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for evaluating inconsistency of a battery cluster according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a method for evaluating inconsistency between single cells represented by a battery cluster according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating screening of cell cluster characterization monomers according to an embodiment of the present invention
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
The battery management system BMS can monitor the battery clusters and the characterization monomers on line in real time. With the increasing of the number of charge and discharge cycles and the difference of external conditions, the consistency of the charge and discharge cycles and the external conditions is difficult to ensure, and further the difference between the external characteristics of the battery cluster and the characterization single body is amplified continuously. Therefore, the discharge capacity Q of the battery cluster and the discharge capacity Q of the characterization monomer are obtained in real time, and the voltage drop delta U of the battery cluster and the characterization monomer caused by the direct-current internal resistance is obtaineddc、ΔudcAnd cell clusters and characterization of monomer polarizationVoltage rise delta U caused by impedancep、ΔupThe inconsistency of the battery cluster is reflected by a linear fitting relationship, and the sampling range of the voltage amplitude is shown in fig. 1.
The embodiment of the invention provides a schematic diagram and a flow chart of a method for evaluating the inconsistency of a battery cluster of an energy storage power station, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the method comprises the following steps:
s1: before the batteries are put into operation in groups, screening the battery pack boxes based on two parameter indexes of available capacity and direct-current internal resistance to obtain a characterization monomer, namely the available capacity q and the direct-current internal resistance r of the characterization monomerdcThe screening diagram is shown in fig. 4, which is closest to the average value of the available capacity of all battery PACK boxes in the battery cluster and the average value of the direct current internal resistance.
S2: keeping the charging and discharging current and the sampling frequency of the energy storage power station unchanged, obtaining the discharging capacity Q of the battery cluster in real time and representing the discharging capacity Q of the monomer to perform linear fitting to obtain a linear relation f1(q,Q)。
S3: the charging and discharging current and the sampling time of the energy storage power station are kept unchanged, and the voltage drop delta U caused by the direct-current internal resistance of the battery cluster and the characterization monomer is obtained in real timedc、ΔudcLinear fitting is carried out to obtain a linear relation f2(n·Δudc,ΔUdc) N is the number of the battery pack boxes,
s4: the charging and discharging current and the sampling time of the energy storage power station are kept unchanged, and the voltage rise delta U caused by the polarization impedance of the battery cluster and the characterization monomer is obtained in real timep、ΔupLinear fitting is carried out to obtain a linear relation f3(n·Δup,ΔUp) N is the number of battery pack boxes
S5: based on a linear fitting relationship f1(Q, Q) real-time derivation to obtain its rate of change k1(Q, Q), the rate of change is recorded online.
S51: as the cycle progresses, k1(Q, Q) presents the increase trend, reflects the inconsistent aggravation of battery cluster, and the uneven condition of ageing degree exists in battery pack case, breaks off transverter direct current side contactor and BMS high-voltage box switch, carries out capacity detection to each battery pack case, to the lower person of capacityAnd (4) replacing.
S52: rate of change k as the cycle progresses1(Q, Q) keep stable, the battery cluster conformance is good, do not carry out the protective action, continue carrying on the real-time on-line monitoring to battery cluster discharge capacity Q and characterization monomer discharge capacity Q.
S6: based on a linear fitting relationship f2(n·Δudc,ΔUdc) Conducting real-time derivation to obtain the change rate k2(n·Δudc,ΔUdc) And recording the change rate online.
S61: as the cycle progresses, k2(n·Δudc,ΔUdc) And the increasing trend is presented, the condition that the inconsistency of the battery clusters is aggravated and the battery PACK boxes have uneven aging degree is reflected, the direct-current side contactor of the converter and the BMS high-voltage box switch are disconnected, direct-current internal resistance detection is carried out on each battery PACK box, and the battery PACK boxes with larger direct-current internal resistance are replaced.
S62: rate of change k as the cycle progresses2(n·Δudc,ΔUdc) The stability is kept, the consistency of the battery cluster is good, no protection action is executed, and the voltage drop delta U caused by the direct current internal resistance of the battery cluster and the characterization monomer is continuously carried outdc、ΔudcAnd carrying out real-time online monitoring.
S7: based on a linear fitting relationship f3(n·Δup,ΔUp) Conducting real-time derivation to obtain the change rate k3(n·Δup,ΔUp) And recording the change rate online.
S71: as the cycle progresses, k3(n·Δup,ΔUp) Presenting the increase trend, reflecting the inconsistent aggravation of battery cluster, there is the uneven condition of ageing degree in battery pack case, disconnection transverter direct current side contactor and BMS high-voltage box switch, carry out the polarization impedance to each battery pack case and detect, change the great one of polarization impedance.
S72: rate of change k as the cycle progresses3(n·Δup,ΔUp) The stability is kept, the consistency of the battery cluster is good, the protection action is not executed, and the battery cluster and the characterization monomer are continuously polarizedVoltage rise delta U caused by impedancep、ΔupAnd carrying out real-time online monitoring.
S8: and repeating the steps S2-S7 to complete the real-time monitoring of the battery cluster and simultaneously add weights to different application scenes to perform more accurate judgment.
Claims (4)
1. The method for online evaluating the inconsistency of the battery clusters of the energy storage power station based on the available capacity is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and screening the battery pack box to obtain a characterization monomer.
Step two: keeping the charging and discharging current of the energy storage power station unchanged, obtaining the discharging capacity Q of the battery cluster in real time and representing the discharging capacity Q of the monomer to perform linear fitting to obtain a linear relation f1(q,Q)。
Step three: the charging and discharging current of the energy storage power station is kept unchanged, and the voltage drop delta U caused by the direct current internal resistance of the battery cluster and the characterization monomer is obtained in real timedc、ΔudcLinear fitting is carried out to obtain a linear relation f2(n·Δudc,ΔUdc) N is the number of the battery pack boxes,
step four: the charging and discharging current of the energy storage power station is kept unchanged, and the voltage rise delta U caused by the polarization impedance of the battery cluster and the characterization monomer is obtained in real timep、ΔupLinear fitting is carried out to obtain a linear relation f3(n·Δup,ΔUp) N is the number of the battery pack boxes,
step five: deriving the linear relationship to obtain the rate of change k1(Q, Q); as the cycle progresses, if k1(Q, Q) shows an increasing trend, reflecting increased non-uniformity of the battery clusters,
step six: deriving the linear relationship to obtain the rate of change k2(n·Δudc,ΔUdc) (ii) a As the cycle progresses, if k2(n·Δudc,ΔUdc) Showing an increasing trend, reflecting an increased inconsistency of the battery clusters,
step seven: deriving the linear relationship to obtain the rate of change k3(n·Δup,ΔUp) (ii) a As the cycle progresses, if k3(n·Δup,ΔUp) Showing an increasing trend reflecting increased cell cluster inconsistencies.
2. The method for online evaluation of the inconsistency of a battery cluster according to claim 1, further comprising, after determining that the inconsistency is aggravated:
disconnection transverter direct current side contactor and BMS high-voltage box switch detect each battery pack case, to the parameter person that is not conform to, the darker person of degree of aging changes promptly.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising, before obtaining the parameters related to the battery clusters and the characterization cells: before the batteries are put into operation in groups, screening each battery pack box by using available capacity and direct-current internal resistance as parameter indexes, wherein the screening conditions are as follows:
namely representing the available capacity q and the direct current internal resistance r of the monomerdcAnd selecting the characterization monomer based on the average value of the available capacity and the average value of the direct current internal resistance of all the battery pack boxes in the battery cluster.
4. The online evaluation method for the inconsistency of a battery cluster according to claim 1, further comprising:
if the change rate is kept stable, the consistency of the battery cluster is good, no protection action is executed, and the discharge capacity Q of the battery cluster and the discharge capacity Q of the characterization monomer, and the voltage drop delta U of the battery cluster and the characterization monomer caused by direct-current internal resistance are continuously performeddc、ΔudcVoltage rise delta U caused by polarization impedance of battery cluster and characterization monomerp、ΔupAnd carrying out real-time online monitoring.
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| CN113884894B (en) | 2023-07-21 |
| NL2032227A (en) | 2023-06-08 |
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