CN113882404A - Ecological restoration method for broken rock beach of green mine side slope - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method for broken rock beach of green mine side slope Download PDFInfo
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- CN113882404A CN113882404A CN202111267877.3A CN202111267877A CN113882404A CN 113882404 A CN113882404 A CN 113882404A CN 202111267877 A CN202111267877 A CN 202111267877A CN 113882404 A CN113882404 A CN 113882404A
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Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
- E02D15/02—Handling of bulk concrete specially for foundation or hydraulic engineering purposes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0258—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features
- E02D29/0275—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features cast in situ
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of ecological management of side slope broken stone beaches, in particular to an ecological restoration method for the side slope broken stone beaches of a green mine. A green mine side slope broken stone beach ecological restoration method comprises the following steps: step one, surveying and planning the terrain and the landform of a broken stone beach of a mine side slope; step two, repairing the landscape of the broken stone beach of the mine side slope; thirdly, paving a foamed clay layer, an ecological brick layer and a humus supplement layer on a rock layer of the broken rock beach of the mine slope from bottom to top in sequence; step four, after the humus supplement layer is filled, planting the roots of the green plants which can prevent water and soil loss into the humus supplement layer, watering and fertilizing; step five, paving a filling soil layer on the humus supplement layer, planting slope protection turf on the filling soil layer, watering and fertilizing; and step six, maintaining green plants. The method has a good side slope repairing effect, the soil environment of the mountain body after mining is repaired, and the value of the repaired land can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of ecological management of side slope broken stone beaches, in particular to an ecological restoration method for the side slope broken stone beaches of a green mine.
Background
In recent years, urbanization has been rapidly developed, and a large amount of construction and development of projects such as highways, railways, mines and the like has been promoted. In the process of mining, a large amount of unusable secondary bare land, such as a mine side slope and a mine side slope broken stone beach, can be formed in the mining engineering. The secondary bare land cannot be utilized, which causes waste of a large amount of land resources, and thus, ecological restoration of the formed secondary bare land is required.
At present, in the related technology, the secondary bare land ecological restoration method is as follows: and carrying out vegetation restoration ecological engineering on the mine slope, so that the slope can have natural restoration capacity for forming good ecological cycle. The vegetation restoration ecological engineering mainly comprises two protection methods, namely, one method is to independently utilize plants to protect and afforest a side slope; the other type adopts plants and slope protection buildings or geotechnical materials to protect and green the side slope.
Aiming at the secondary bare land ecological restoration mode in the related technology, the applicant finds that the technical scheme has the following defects: the problem of low restoration efficiency exists in a mode of singly utilizing plants to perform protection and greening on the side slope in the related technology; in the related art, the slope is protected and greened by matching plants with slope protection buildings or geotechnical materials, so that the slope has specific requirements on slope, soil texture, natural elements, construction conditions and the like, the plant stability of the slope is relatively poor, and the corresponding potential safety hazard exists. In conclusion, the related art has the problems that the slope plant stability is relatively poor and corresponding potential safety hazards exist.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that the slope plant stability is relatively poor and corresponding potential safety hazards exist in the prior art, the application provides an ecological restoration method for broken rock beaches of green mine slopes.
The application provides a green mine side slope broken stone beach ecological remediation method, which is realized through the following technical scheme:
a green mine side slope broken stone beach ecological restoration method comprises the following steps:
step 1, surveying and planning the topography and landform of a mine side slope broken stone beach to be subjected to ecological restoration, wherein the planning of the topography and landform of the mine side slope broken stone beach is to divide the mine side slope broken stone beach into a green planting and restoring area and a water collecting area for ecological restoration;
step 3.1, paving a foamed clay layer, an ecological brick layer and a humus supplement layer on a rock layer of the broken rock beach of the mine slope from bottom to top in sequence; step 3.2, after the humus supplement layer is filled, planting the roots of the green plants which can prevent water and soil loss into the humus supplement layer, watering and fertilizing;
3.3, paving a filling soil layer on the humus supplement layer, and constructing a water body collection area;
step 3.4, planting slope protection turf on the filling soil layer, watering and fertilizing;
step 3.5, maintenance of green plants: watering according to the humidity of the soil layer, watering when the humidity of the soil layer is lower than 30%, and fertilizing at regular intervals, wherein the fertilizing period is 5-10 days.
By adopting the technical scheme, the green mine side slope broken rock beach ecological restoration method has a good side slope restoration effect, and the value of the restored land can be improved. In addition, this application adopts the concrete thick liquids to have crack department to pour into a mould and repair to the rock layer, reduces the probability that rock layer structure destruction appears and arouses collapse, mud-rock flow, effectively guarantees the stability of soil and water, and the maximum promotion restores the use value and the safety in utilization in soil.
Preferably, the green plants in the step 3.2 comprise deep root trees and shrubs, and the distance between adjacent trees is 6-10 m; the distance between adjacent shrubs is 3-6 m; the distance between adjacent shrubs and trees is 4-6 m.
By adopting the technical scheme, the survival rate of the trees and shrubs can be improved by mixedly planting the trees and shrubs and adjusting the positions of the trees and shrubs.
Preferably, the deep root arbor is one or more of ginkgo, robinia pseudoacacia, mangrove, banyan, Chinese ash, elm, Chinese scholartree, chinaberry, pistacia chinensis and maple.
By adopting the technical scheme, proper trees can be selected according to different restoration areas, sand prevention and soil fixation are carried out, and water loss is reduced.
Preferably, the shrub comprises one or more of amorpha fruticosa, caragana microphylla, erythrina indica, buxus microphylla, ulmus pumila and rhamnus davidiana.
By adopting the technical scheme, proper shrubs can be selected according to different repair areas to prevent sand and fix soil, and water loss is reduced.
Preferably, the construction of the water collection area in step 3.3 is as follows: retaining concrete wall is built along the both sides inner wall of mine side slope rubble beach incline direction in water collection area, retaining concrete wall divide into waterproof retaining wall and retaining wall that permeates water, the length of waterproof retaining wall and retaining wall that permeates water equals, the relative height of waterproof retaining wall is less than retaining wall that permeates water, waterproof concrete surface course is pour to water collection area bottom, waterproof retaining concrete wall is built to water collection area bottom inside wall, retaining concrete wall that permeates water is built to water collection area top inside wall.
By adopting the technical scheme, the water body which naturally falls and the water body which is infiltrated in the mine are collected for the maintenance of the planted vegetation, so that the ecological maintenance cost can be effectively reduced.
Preferably, the foaming clay layer in the step 3.1 is composed of a foaming agent, water, clay, kaolin and porous zeolite powder; the mass ratio of the foaming agent to the water to the clay to the kaolin to the porous zeolite powder is (0.5-2): (2-4): 10: (2-4):(1-2).
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the foaming clay is fixed ecological brick and can be played the effect that reduces soil erosion and water loss, and self has better gas permeability that permeates water, can improve the survival rate of the green plant of planting.
Preferably, the ecological brick layer in the step 3.1 is formed by paving ecological bricks; a filling groove is integrally formed on the upper surface of the ecological brick; the ecological brick is formed by pressing an environment-friendly binder and environment-friendly powder; the mass ratio of the environment-friendly binder to the environment-friendly powder is (1.5-3): 10.
through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, ecological brick not only produces the environmental protection, can become the nourishment of green plant under the decomposition of microorganism in the later stage moreover, can improve the survival rate and the growth rate of the green plant of planting.
Preferably, the environment-friendly binder is one of environment-friendly PCL binder, glutinous rice glue and polylactic acid-based binder; the environment-friendly powder material is one or a combination of multiple of sorghum stalk crushed materials, branch crushed materials and straw crushed materials.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, environmental protection binder and environmental protection powder become the nourishment of green plant under the decomposition of microorganism, have not only played better environmental protection effect, can promote the survival rate of the green plant of planting moreover.
Preferably, the humus supplementing layer in the step 3.1 is formed by mixing protoplasm soil, organic fertilizer and small crushed stones with the particle size of 1.5-3 mm; the moisture content of the humus supplementing layer is 25-40%; the original soil is the soil around the broken stone beach of the mine side slope; the mass ratio of the protoplasm soil, the organic fertilizer and the small crushed stone with the grain diameter of 1.5-3mm is 100: (20-40): (5-10).
By adopting the technical scheme, the content of decomposable humus in the humus supplement layer is ensured, and meanwhile, the water and air permeability of the humus supplement layer is improved by the small broken stones with the particle sizes of 1.5-3mm, so that the survival rate of the planted green plants is improved.
Preferably, in the step 3.2, after the ecological brick layer is filled with humus supplement accounting for 70-85% of the total mass, glass fiber mesh cloth is laid, the remaining humus supplement is filled in the glass fiber mesh cloth, a planting pit for planting green plants is reserved in the filling process, the roots of the green plants which play a role in preventing water and soil loss are planted in the humus supplement layer, the roots of the green plants are located at the lower part of the glass fiber mesh cloth, and watering and fertilizing are performed.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, glass fiber net check cloth can consolidate the green plant species of planting, promotes the anti-wind pressure intensity of green plant species, can guarantee the survival rate of the green plant of planting, and then promotes the slope repair effect of this application.
Preferably, the filling soil layer in the step 3.3 comprises an original soil layer, a loess layer, a coarse gravel layer and a fine gravel layer which are paved on the humus supplementing layer from bottom to top, wherein the granularity of coarse gravel in the coarse gravel layer is 15-35 mm; the granularity of the fine sand in the fine sand stone layer is 3-8 mm.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the filling soil layer of constituteing permeates water the gas permeability better, can guarantee the survival rate of the green plant who plants, and then promotes the slope repair effect of this application.
In summary, the present application has the following advantages:
1. the ecological restoration method for the broken rock beach of the green mine side slope has a good side slope restoration effect, and can improve the value of the restored land.
2. Planning construction water collection area in this application, solved the maintenance problem of green plant in the green planting restoration area, guarantee the survival rate and the ecological remediation effect of green planting.
3. The ecological restoration method and the ecological restoration device have the advantages that the traffic infrastructure near the mine is relatively perfect, namely, the traffic is convenient, ecological restoration is carried out on the mine side slope broken stone beach, and the overall ecological restoration cost can be reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall distribution of trees and shrubs in example 2 of the present application.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the permeate water collector used in the test method.
In the figure, 1, a collection body; 10. a collection cavity; 11. collecting the pore channel; 12. a filter screen; 2. a bottom collecting pipe; 3. and (4) a liquid pump.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples.
Preparation example
Preparation example 1
Preparing concrete slurry: 60kg of slag portland cement 42.5 purchased by Sanhe Dingxuan Sancheng Shantrade Limited company, 15kg of water and 10kg of fine yellow sand 0.5kg of steel slag powder are weighed and added into a cement stirrer, and the mixture is stirred at 150rpm for 2.0h to be used.
Preparation example 2
Preparing foamed clay: 2.0kg of water, 4kg of red clay (Hebei Chidi mineral products Co., Ltd.), 3.5kg of loess (Hebei Chidi mineral products Co., Ltd.), 2.5kg of kaolin (Changxing morning Ming chemical industry Co., Ltd.) and 1.5kg of porous zeolite powder (purchased from Xin Ming Shuang zeolite Co., Ltd., North Tibet) were weighed into a stirrer, rotated at 300rpm for 5min, then 40g of cement foaming agent (Guangxi Meifeng building materials Co., Ltd.) and 1.2kg of water were mixed and stirred for 5min, added into the stirrer, and stirred at 100rpm for 20min, and the mixture was ready to use.
Preparation example 3
The ecological brick upper surface is formed with the packing recess integratively, and the vertical projection of packing recess accounts for 70% of ecological brick upper surface vertical projection area. The depth of the filling groove is 0.2 times of the height of the ecological brick. The ecological brick is prepared by pressing 18kg of glutinous rice glue, 60kg of crushed sorghum stalk and 40kg of crushed branch material.
Preparing the ecological brick: mixing 18kg glutinous rice glue, 60kg husked sorghum stalk and 40kg crushed branch material at 60rpm for 10min, pressing into ecological brick of 120cm by 60cm, and curing to obtain the final product.
Preparation example 4
Preparation of humus supplement: 100kg of original soil, 30kg of organic fertilizer (organic matter is more than or equal to 60 percent, activated humic acid is more than or equal to 30 percent, effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 5 hundred million/g, Youtoutu, Sichuan and Youtoutu Biotech limited) and 8kg of small crushed stone with the grain diameter of 1.5-3mm are put into a stirrer and rotated for 30min at 200 rpm.
Preparation example 5
The ecological brick upper surface is formed with the packing recess integratively, and the vertical projection of packing recess accounts for 70% of ecological brick upper surface vertical projection area. The depth of the filling groove is 0.2 times of the height of the ecological brick. Inside integrative suppression of ecological brick is formed with the steel reinforcement cage, and steel reinforcement cage one end is located ecological brick inside, and the other end of steel reinforcement cage exposes ecological brick's bottom surface. The ecological brick is made by pressing 5.0kg of steel reinforcement cage, 18kg of glutinous rice glue, 60kg of husked sorghum stalk and 40kg of branch crushed material.
Preparing the ecological brick: stirring 18kg of glutinous rice glue, 60kg of husked sorghum stalk and 40kg of branch crushed material at 60rpm for 10min, mixing the materials together to serve as a hot pressing material, filling the hot pressing material into a reinforcing cage in a hot pressing mode, and curing and forming the reinforcing cage so that one end of the reinforcing cage is located inside the ecological brick and the other end of the reinforcing cage is exposed out of the bottom surface of the ecological brick, and thus the ecological brick with the thickness of 120cm x 60cm is obtained.
Examples
Example 1
The application discloses an ecological restoration method for broken rock beaches on green mine side slopes, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, surveying and planning the landform and landform of the mine side slope broken stone beach to be subjected to ecological restoration: the investigation and survey of the side slope broken rock beach terrain are convenient for subsequent construction and reconstruction; surveying and surveying the landform of the side slope broken stone beach, knowing the native soil quality near the side slope broken stone beach, and performing ecological restoration by using the native soil quality near the side slope broken stone beach; knowing the structural condition of the rock layer of the side slope crushed stone beach after blasting mining and marking the position of the crack of the rock layer; planning the terrain and the landform of the mine side slope broken stone beach to form an ecological restoration area, wherein the ecological restoration area consists of a green planting and planting restoration area and a water collection area; step 2, repairing the mine side slope gravel beach landscape: the concrete slurry in preparation example 1 is adopted to carry out pouring repair on cracks in the rock layer, so that the probability of collapse and debris flow caused by the structural damage of the rock layer is reduced, meanwhile, the barriers on the surface of the rock layer are cleaned, the surface smoothness of the broken rock beach of the mine side slope is ensured, and the cleaned stones are crushed and reused as broken stones in the ecological restoration process;
step 3.1, pouring and repairing the cracks of the rock layer of the broken rock beach of the mine side slope at the ratio of 100g/m2Carrying out water spraying maintenance for 48h by using the amount of the sprayed and dried water, paving the foamed clay layer in the preparation example 2 on the rock layer after the maintenance is finished, and paving the ecological brick in the preparation example 3 on the foamed clay layer;
step 3.2, after the foamed clay layer is solidified, fixedly connecting the ecological bricks to the foamed clay layer to form an ecological brick layer, filling humus supplement accounting for 75% of the total mass in the preparation example 4 on the ecological brick layer, wherein the humus supplement is filled in a filling groove of the ecological brick, laying glass fiber gridding cloth (specification 5 x 5/160g), filling the rest humus supplement on the glass fiber gridding cloth to form a humus supplement layer, and opening air holes in the humus supplement layer, wherein the distance between adjacent air holes is 25cm, and the depth of the air holes is 0.8 times of the thickness of the humus supplement layer; the planting pit for planting the green plants is reserved in the humus supplement filling process, the planting pit coincides with a planting groove formed by ecological bricks, green plant seeds (in the embodiment, arbor is selected from acacia and Chinese ash, shrub is selected from amorpha fruticosa and caragana microphylla) capable of preventing water and soil loss are placed in the planting pit and filled with humus supplements, the root of the green plants is planted on the humus supplement layer to fully absorb nutrients in humus supplement, and the root of the green plant seeds is positioned at the lower part of the glass fiber gridding cloth to promote the growth of the green plant seedsLodging resistance, watering and fertilizing after planting, the amount of water for one time is 2.0kg/m, and the fertilizing amount is 30g/m2The compound fertilizer has a fertilizing period of 5 days, a fertilizing period of 7 days after one month and a fertilizing amount of 50g/m2Fertilizing;
3.3, paving an original soil layer with the thickness of 15cm, a loess layer with the thickness of 20cm, a coarse gravel layer with the thickness of 5cm and the granularity of 15-35mm and a fine gravel layer with the thickness of 6cm and the granularity of 3-8mm on the humus supplementing layer from bottom to top to form a filling soil layer, and constructing a water collection area after the filling soil layer is paved: construction of a water body collection area: building retaining concrete walls on the inner walls of the two horizontal sides of the water collection area, wherein the retaining concrete walls are divided into waterproof retaining walls and permeable retaining walls, the lengths of the waterproof retaining walls and the permeable retaining walls are equal, the relative heights of the waterproof retaining walls are lower than those of the permeable retaining walls, a waterproof concrete surface layer is poured at the bottom of the water collection area, the waterproof retaining concrete walls are built on the inner side walls of the bottom of the water collection area, and the permeable retaining concrete walls are built on the inner side walls of the top of the water collection area;
step 3.4, after the water body collecting area is constructed, 1.8kg/m of water body collecting area is filled on the filling soil layer2Spraying organic fertilizer, and planting slope protection turf at a concentration of 0.5kg/m2The watering amount is used for watering the slope protection turf, and the watering amount is 60g/m in 24 hours after the watering is finished2Fertilizing, wherein the fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, and the fertilizing period is 7 days;
step 3.5, maintenance of green plants: watering according to soil humidity, and watering at a rate of 0.5kg/m when the soil humidity is less than 30%2Watering the slope protection turf by the watering amount, wherein the watering frequency is 2 times, and the watering interval is 8 hours; the fertilization operation is that the fertilization period is 7 days and 60g/m2Fertilizing, wherein the fertilizer is a compound fertilizer;
the green plants comprise trees and shrubs with deep root systems, and the distance between every two adjacent trees is 10 m; the distance between adjacent shrubs is 3 m; the distance between adjacent shrubs and trees is 4 m.
The deep root system of the arbor is selected according to different regions, and the deep root system of the arbor can be selected from ginkgo, robinia pseudoacacia, mangrove, banyan, Chinese ash, elm, Chinese scholartree, chinaberry, pistacia chinensis and maple.
The shrubs of deep root system suitable for growth are selected according to different regions, and the shrubs can be selected from amorpha fruticosa, caragana microphylla, Aleurites fordii Hemsl, Buxus sinica Maxim, Buxus microphylla, Ulmus trewioides, and Rumex fusca.
Example 2
Example 2 differs from example 1 in that:
referring to fig. 1, green plant planting layout planning: the management system is characterized in that 1 management unit is divided by 11m, arbors with deep roots are planted in the center of each management unit, shrubs with deep roots are planted around the arbors with deep roots, the distance between every two adjacent shrubs is equal, the distance between every two adjacent shrubs is controlled to be 4m, and the number of the shrubs planted in the circumferential direction of each arbor is controlled to be 6.
Example 3
Example 3 differs from example 1 in that:
step 3.2, after the foamed clay layer is solidified, fixedly connecting the ecological bricks to the foamed clay layer to form an ecological brick layer, then filling humus supplement accounting for 25% of the total mass in the preparation example 4 on the ecological brick layer, wherein the humus supplement is filled in a filling groove of the ecological bricks, then laying glass fiber mesh cloth (specification 5 x 5/160g), then filling humus supplement accounting for 25% of the total mass in the preparation example 4 on the glass fiber mesh cloth, laying polylactic acid fiber braided waterproof cloth, then filling humus supplement accounting for 25% of the total mass in the preparation example 4 on the glass fiber mesh cloth, laying glass fiber mesh cloth (specification 5 x 5/160g), finally filling the rest humus supplement on the glass fiber mesh cloth to form a humus supplement layer, then opening air holes on the humus supplement layer, wherein the distance between adjacent air holes is 25cm, the depth of the air hole is 0.8 times of the thickness of the humus supplement layer; the planting pit for planting the green plants is reserved in the humus supplement filling process, the planting pit coincides with the planting groove formed by the ecological bricks, the green plant seeds (in the embodiment, the arbor is selected from acacia and Chinese ash, and the shrub is selected from amorpha fruticosa and caragana microphylla) which play a role in preventing water and soil loss are placed in the planting pit and filled with the humus supplement, so that the roots of the green plants are planted on the humus supplement layer to fully absorb nutrients in humus supplement, and the root positions of the green plant seedsImproving lodging resistance of green plant species at the lower part of the glass fiber mesh cloth, watering and fertilizing after planting, wherein the amount of water for one time is 2.0kg/m, and the fertilizing amount is 30g/m2The compound fertilizer has a fertilizing period of 5 days, a fertilizing period of 7 days after one month and a fertilizing amount of 50g/m2And (6) fertilizing.
Example 4
Example 3 differs from example 1 in that:
step 3.1, pouring and repairing the cracks of the rock layer of the broken rock beach of the mine side slope at the ratio of 100g/m2The maintenance of spraying water is carried out to the water yield of shining, and the maintenance time is 48h, cuts on the rock layer after the maintenance is accomplished and supplies ecological brick to expose the fixed cylinder groove of bottom surface steel reinforcement cage, lays the foaming clay layer among the preparation example 5, lays the ecological brick among the preparation example 5 on the foaming clay layer again, and ecological brick exposes bottom surface steel reinforcement cage and is fixed in the cylinder groove, and the in-process is laid to ecological brick, and the packing has the natural rubber piece that 2mm is thick between the adjacent ecological brick, forms ecological brick layer.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
A green mine side slope broken stone beach ecological restoration method comprises the following steps:
paving an original soil layer with the thickness of 80cm, a humus supplement in 10cm preparation example 4, a loess layer with the thickness of 30cm, a coarse gravel layer with the thickness of 20cm and the granularity of 15-35mm, and a fine gravel layer with the thickness of 8cm and the granularity of 3-8mm on a side slope gravel beach from bottom to top to form a filling soil layer, wherein planting pits are reserved in the filling soil layer;
step two, placing green plants (in the embodiment, the trees are selected from acacia and Chinese ash, and the shrubs are selected from amorpha fruticosa and caragana microphylla) into the planting pits, filling humus supplement, loess layer and original soil layer from bottom to top, and simultaneously filling 1.8kg/m of humus supplement, loess layer and original soil layer on the filling soil layer2Spraying organic fertilizer, filling soil layer, planting slope protection turf, watering and fertilizing after planting, wherein the primary watering amount of the green plants is 2.0kg/m, and the fertilizing amount of the green plants is 30g/m2The compound fertilizer has a fertilizing period of 5 days, a fertilizing period of 7 days after one month and a fertilizing amount of 50g/m2Fertilizing the slope protection turf at 0.5kg/m2The amount of water is watered to finish24 hours after watering, 60g/m2Fertilizing, wherein the fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, and the fertilizing period is 7 days;
step three, maintenance of green plants: watering according to soil humidity, and watering at a rate of 0.5kg/m when the soil humidity is less than 30%2Watering the slope protection turf by the watering amount, wherein the watering frequency is 2 times, and the watering interval is 8 hours; the fertilization operation is that the fertilization period is 7 days and 60g/m2And (4) applying fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer is a compound fertilizer.
Performance test
Detection method/test method
1. And (3) testing survival rate: 726m at broken stone beach of mine side slope2The sub-bare land (22 m 33m in specification) is a test object, 6 management units exist, ecological restoration is carried out by the method of example 2, the land is marked as an experimental group, and after three months of maintenance, survival rate statistics is carried out on green plants in the experimental group 1-2 and the control group 1.
Survival rate of arbor (number of surviving arbor/total number of planted arbor) 100
Survival rate of shrubs (number of surviving shrubs/total number of planted shrubs) × 100
2. The soil erosion rate was determined by measuring the turbidity of the permeated water.
In the third step of the construction process of example 2, the cracks of the rock layer of the broken rock beach of the mine side slope are repaired by pouring at a rate of 100g/m2Spraying water for curing, wherein the curing time is 48h, paving the foamed clay layer in the preparation example 2 on the rock layer after curing is finished, then installing a first seepage water collector (with the specification of 50cm x 10cm) on the foamed clay layer, and then paving the ecological bricks in the preparation example 3 on the foamed clay layer, wherein the ecological bricks are positioned right above the first seepage water collector; alternatively, an ecological brick was provided with a second permeate collector (specification 50cm by 10cm) on top of the ecological brick. Simulating precipitation in a spray mode in an area 1 x 1m directly above the first permeate water collector, wherein the precipitation time is 12h, and the precipitation amount is 40mm/h x m2. Simulating precipitation in a 1 x 1m area right above the second permeate water collector in a spraying mode, wherein the precipitation time is 12h, and the precipitation amount is 40mm/h x m2. To the first permeate water collectorThe water collected in the second permeate water collector and the water collected in the first permeate water collector are subjected to turbidity test of the water.
Comparative example 1 a third permeate collector (specification 50cm x 10cm) was installed on the side slope rubble beach before the raw soil layer was laid. Simulating precipitation in a spray mode in a region 1 x 1m directly above the third permeate water collector, wherein the precipitation time is 12h, and the precipitation amount is 40mm/h x m2. And performing turbidity test on the water body collected in the third seepage water collector.
Referring to fig. 2, the permeate collector comprises a collecting body 1, a liquid pump 3 and a bottom extraction pipe 2, one end of the bottom extraction pipe 2 is fixedly communicated with the bottom of the collecting body 1, the other end of the bottom extraction pipe 2 penetrates through a soil layer to extend to the ground, and the other end of the bottom extraction pipe is fixedly communicated with a liquid inlet end of the liquid pump 3. Collect 1 inside integrated into one piece of main part and have collection cavity 10, collect 1 upper surface of main part and run through and set up a plurality of collection pore 11 with collection cavity 10 intercommunication, the diameter of collecting the pore is 1cm, fixedly connected with filter screen 12 in the collection pore 11, the mesh diameter of filter screen 12 is 28 meshes.
And (3) testing the turbidity of the water body, namely passing the collected water body through a titanium rod filter (6 microns), and recording the mass difference S before and after the water body is filtered, wherein the larger the mass difference S is, the more turbid the water body is.
Data analysis
Table 1 shows the survival rate test data of example 2
By combining the examples 1-4 and the comparative example 1 and combining the table 1, the method has a good slope restoration effect, and can improve the utilization value of the restored land.
Table 2 shows the parameters for measuring the degree of soil erosion in example 2 and comparative example 1
By combining the examples 1 to 4 and the comparative example 1 and combining the table 2, the application has the effect of preventing water and soil loss and has a better slope repairing effect.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The ecological restoration method for the broken stone beach of the green mine side slope is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
step 1, surveying and planning the topography and landform of a mine side slope broken stone beach to be subjected to ecological restoration, wherein the planning of the topography and landform of the mine side slope broken stone beach is to divide the mine side slope broken stone beach into a green planting and restoring area and a water collecting area for ecological restoration;
step 2, repairing the mine side slope gravel beach landscape: the concrete slurry is adopted to carry out pouring repair on the cracks of the rock layer, so that the probability of collapse and debris flow caused by the structural damage of the rock layer is reduced, and meanwhile, the barriers of the broken rock beach of the mine side slope are cleaned, and the smooth surface of the broken rock beach of the mine side slope is ensured;
step 3, building green planting and planting repair areas, and reserving a mine slope gravel beach space for building a water supply collection area between the green planting and planting repair areas;
step 3.1, paving a foamed clay layer, an ecological brick layer and a humus supplement layer on a rock layer of the broken rock beach of the mine slope from bottom to top in sequence;
step 3.2, after the humus supplement layer is filled, planting the roots of the green plants which can prevent water and soil loss into the humus supplement layer, watering and fertilizing;
3.3, paving a filling soil layer on the humus supplement layer, and constructing a water body collection area;
step 3.4, planting slope protection turf on the filling soil layer, watering and fertilizing;
step 3.5, maintenance of green plants: watering according to the humidity of the soil layer, watering when the humidity of the soil layer is lower than 30%, and fertilizing at regular intervals, wherein the fertilizing period is 5-10 days.
2. The ecological restoration method for the broken rock beach on the side slope of the green mine as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the green plants in the step 3.2 comprise deep root trees and shrubs, and the distance between every two adjacent trees is 6-10 m; the distance between adjacent shrubs is 3-6 m; the distance between adjacent shrubs and trees is 4-6 m.
3. The ecological restoration method for the broken rock beach on the side slope of the green mine as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that: the deep root arbor is one or more of semen Ginkgo, locust, mangrove, banyan, Chinese ash, chinaberry, Pistacia chinensis and Acer Truncatum L; the shrub comprises one or more of amorpha fruticosa, caragana microphylla, pittosporum tobira, buxus sinica, buxus microphylla, ulmus pumila and daphne giraldii.
4. The ecological restoration method for the broken rock beach on the side slope of the green mine as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the construction of the water collection area in the step 3.3 is as follows: retaining concrete wall is built along the both sides inner wall of mine side slope rubble beach incline direction in water collection area, retaining concrete wall divide into waterproof retaining wall and retaining wall that permeates water, the length of waterproof retaining wall and retaining wall that permeates water equals, the relative height of waterproof retaining wall is less than retaining wall that permeates water, waterproof concrete surface course is pour to water collection area bottom, waterproof retaining concrete wall is built to water collection area bottom inside wall, retaining concrete wall that permeates water is built to water collection area top inside wall.
5. The ecological restoration method for the broken rock beach on the side slope of the green mine as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the foaming clay layer in the step 3.1 is composed of a foaming agent, water, clay, kaolin and porous zeolite powder; the mass ratio of the foaming agent to the water to the clay to the kaolin to the porous zeolite powder is (0.5-2): (2-4): 10: (2-4):(1-2).
6. The ecological restoration method for the broken rock beach on the side slope of the green mine as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step 3.1, the ecological brick layer is formed by paving ecological bricks; a filling groove is integrally formed on the upper surface of the ecological brick; the ecological brick is formed by pressing an environment-friendly binder and environment-friendly powder; the mass ratio of the environment-friendly binder to the environment-friendly powder is (1.5-3): 10.
7. the ecological restoration method for the broken rock beach on the side slope of the green mine as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that: the environment-friendly binder is one of environment-friendly PCL binder, glutinous rice glue and polylactic acid-based binder; the environment-friendly powder material is one or a combination of multiple of sorghum stalk crushed materials, branch crushed materials and straw crushed materials.
8. The ecological restoration method for the broken rock beach on the side slope of the green mine as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step 3.1, the humus supplement layer is formed by mixing protoplasm soil, organic fertilizer and small crushed stone with the grain diameter of 1.5-3 mm; the moisture content of the humus supplementing layer is 25-40%; the original soil is the soil around the broken stone beach of the mine side slope; the mass ratio of the protoplasm soil, the organic fertilizer and the small crushed stone with the grain diameter of 1.5-3mm is 100: (20-40): (5-10).
9. The ecological restoration method for the broken rock beach on the side slope of the green mine as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that: and 3.2, after filling humus supplement accounting for 70-85% of the total mass on the ecological brick layer, laying glass fiber mesh cloth, filling the rest humus supplement on the glass fiber mesh cloth, reserving a planting pit for planting green plants in the filling process, planting the roots of the green plants for preventing water and soil loss into the humus supplement layer, wherein the roots of the green plants are positioned at the lower part of the glass fiber mesh cloth, and watering and fertilizing.
10. The ecological restoration method for the broken rock beach on the side slope of the green mine as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the filling soil layer in the step 3.3 comprises an original soil layer, a loess layer, a coarse gravel layer and a fine gravel layer which are paved on the humus supplementing layer from bottom to top, wherein the granularity of coarse gravels in the coarse gravel layer is 15-35 mm; the granularity of the fine sand in the fine sand stone layer is 3-8 mm.
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| CN114531990A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-05-27 | 深圳市山月园园艺有限公司 | Landscaping reconstruction and greening method |
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