CN113880666A - Mineral-based soil conditioner for improving coastal saline soil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Mineral-based soil conditioner for improving coastal saline soil and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113880666A CN113880666A CN202111147505.7A CN202111147505A CN113880666A CN 113880666 A CN113880666 A CN 113880666A CN 202111147505 A CN202111147505 A CN 202111147505A CN 113880666 A CN113880666 A CN 113880666A
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- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229940010514 ammonium ferrous sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical group O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 28
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 abstract description 21
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 21
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 13
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 ammonium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000260524 Chrysanthemum balsamita Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005633 Chrysanthemum balsamita Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079919 digestives enzyme preparation Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001002 functional polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000361 pesticidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002364 soil amendment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及农作物种植技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于滨海盐土改良的矿基土壤调理剂及其制备方法。本发明针对现有技术中的土壤改良剂应用在海涂土壤等盐碱性土壤后，种植的水稻产量仍有待提高的问题，提供一种用于滨海盐土改良的矿基土壤调理剂及其制备方法，包括尿素和保水剂，还包括过磷酸钙、膨润土、硫酸铵、硫酸亚铁和经过热改性的改性沸石。本发明通过将沸石进行热改性，再与其他组分混合制得的土壤调理剂，应用于海涂土壤中可大大提高种植的水稻产量。
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a mineral-based soil conditioner for improving coastal saline soil and a preparation method thereof. Aiming at the problem that the yield of planted rice still needs to be improved after the soil conditioner in the prior art is applied to saline-alkali soil such as sea flat soil, the present invention provides a mineral-based soil conditioner for coastal saline soil improvement and a preparation method thereof , including urea and water retention agents, but also superphosphate, bentonite, ammonium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and thermally modified modified zeolites. The soil conditioner prepared by thermally modifying the zeolite and then mixing it with other components can greatly improve the yield of planted rice when it is applied to the sea flat soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a mineral-based soil conditioner for improving coastal saline soil and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The salinized soil area is about 10 hundred million hectares all over the world; the salinized soil area of China is about 3460 million hectares, and coastal salinized soil is about 240 million hectares. Due to high salinity of soil, lack of fresh water resources and low nutrients, the growth of crops is seriously influenced, and the development of agriculture in coastal areas is seriously limited. The application of the soil conditioner to improve the saline soil is an economic and convenient method, and can improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, enhance the soil-retaining and water-retaining capacity of the soil, reduce the salt stress condition of the saline-alkali soil and improve the yield and the quality of crops. The existing commonly used conditioners mainly comprise high polymers, organic wastes, calcium-containing minerals and the like, but the yield of the planted rice is still to be improved after the soil conditioners are applied to saline-alkali soil such as coastal soil and the like.
In response to this problem, research and study have been conducted in long-term production and living practices, for example, chinese patent application discloses a soil conditioner [ application No.: 201610587532.9] the patent application comprises a mineral material, an activator A, a microbial agent, an activator B for providing nutrition for the microbial agent, an enzyme preparation; the mineral material comprises zeolite, attapulgite and sepiolite; the main component of the activating agent A is organic acid; the bacterial strain contained in the microbial agent is bacillus subtilis.
The invention adds activators such as organic acid and the like into the minerals in a mode of minerals, microbial agents and enzyme preparations, can effectively adsorb salt in soil,simultaneously neutralize OH-The saline-alkali property of the soil can be effectively reduced, but the components are complex and not easy to configure, and the effect of the soil is still to be further improved after the soil is found after the soil is actually used.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a mineral-based soil conditioner for improving coastal saline soil, which can improve the yield of rice.
In view of the above problems, another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a mineral-based soil conditioner for improving seashore saline soil, which can improve rice yield.
A mineral-based soil conditioner for improving coastal saline soil comprises urea, a water-retaining agent, calcium superphosphate, bentonite, ammonium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and modified zeolite subjected to thermal modification.
In the mineral-based soil conditioner for improving coastal saline soil, the soil conditioner comprises, by mass, 400-600 parts of modified zeolite, 100-150 parts of urea, 100-150 parts of calcium superphosphate, 60-100 parts of a water retaining agent, 30-80 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15-50 parts of ferrous sulfate and 50-100 parts of bentonite.
In the above-mentioned mineral-based soil conditioner for improving coastal saline soil, the soil conditioner comprises, by mass, 500 parts of modified zeolite, 125 parts of urea, 125 parts of calcium superphosphate, 80 parts of a water retaining agent, 55 parts of ammonium sulfate, 30 parts of ferrous sulfate and 75 parts of bentonite.
In the above-mentioned mineral-based soil conditioner for coastal saline soil improvement, the modified zeolite is modified by the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: dissolving zeolite, modifier and solvent in the solvent, adding zeolite, and heating and refluxing for 30-60 min;
step two: naturally cooling to room temperature, and filtering to separate solid phase from liquid phase;
step three: and calcining the solid phase obtained in the step two at the temperature of 450-550 ℃ for 20-40min to obtain the modified zeolite.
In the above-mentioned mineral-based soil conditioner for improvement of coastal saline soil, the modifier includes aluminum sulfate, magnesium sulfate and phosphoric acid.
In the above mineral-based soil conditioner for improving coastal saline soil, the components of the zeolite and the modifier comprise, by mass, 400-600 parts of zeolite, 60-80 parts of aluminum sulfate, 50-150 parts of magnesium sulfate and 100-300 parts of phosphoric acid.
In the above-mentioned mineral-based soil conditioner for improving coastal saline soil, the components of the zeolite and the modifier comprise, by mass, 500 parts of zeolite, 70 parts of aluminum sulfate, 100 parts of magnesium sulfate and 200 parts of phosphoric acid, respectively.
In the above-mentioned mineral-based soil conditioner for improving coastal saline soil, the solvent is deionized water.
In the above-mentioned mineral-based soil conditioner for coastal saline soil improvement, the ratio of the mass of the solvent to the total mass of the zeolite and the modifier is 50: 1.
A method of preparing a mineral-based soil conditioner for coastal saline soil improvement as described above, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: dissolving zeolite, modifier and solvent in the solvent, adding zeolite, and heating and refluxing for 30-60 min;
step two: naturally cooling to room temperature, and filtering to separate solid phase from liquid phase;
step three: calcining the solid phase obtained in the step two at the temperature of 450-550 ℃ for 20-40min to obtain modified zeolite;
step four: and (3) adding the modified zeolite prepared in the third step, calcium superphosphate, bentonite, ammonium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, urea and a water-retaining agent into a stirrer according to a predetermined proportion, fully stirring and uniformly mixing, and granulating in a granulator to obtain a finished product of the soil conditioner.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the soil conditioner prepared by thermally modifying the zeolite and mixing the zeolite with other components has better adsorption capacity on sodium ions and ammonium ions, and can greatly improve the yield of the planted rice when being applied to the shoal soil.
2. The components adopted by the invention are simple and easily obtained, the preparation steps are simple, the production cost is low, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graphical representation of the adsorption capacity of modified zeolites of varying particle size for sodium ions;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of a modified zeolite;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of zeolite;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the adsorption capacity of sodium ions for modified zeolites prepared at different calcination temperatures;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a mineral-based soil conditioner for improving coastal saline soil, which comprises 400 parts by mass of modified zeolite, 150 parts by mass of urea, 150 parts by mass of calcium superphosphate, 100 parts by mass of a water retaining agent, 80 parts by mass of ammonium sulfate, 50 parts by mass of ferrous sulfate and 100 parts by mass of bentonite.
The modified zeolite is modified by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: dissolving zeolite, modifier and solvent in the solvent, adding zeolite, and heating and refluxing for 30 min;
step two: naturally cooling to room temperature, and filtering to separate solid phase from liquid phase;
step three: and (3) calcining the solid phase obtained in the step two at 550 ℃ for 40min to obtain the modified zeolite.
The zeolite and the modifier comprise 600 parts of zeolite, 60 parts of aluminum sulfate, 50 parts of magnesium sulfate and 100 parts of phosphoric acid in parts by mass, the solvent is deionized water, and the ratio of the mass of the solvent to the total mass of the zeolite and the modifier is 50: 1.
Deionized water refers to pure water from which impurities in the form of ions have been removed. The "deionization" as specified by the International organization for standardization ISO/TC 147 is defined as: "deionized water completely or incompletely removes ionic species. "the current process mainly adopts RO reverse osmosis method to prepare.
The water-retaining agent is a high water-absorbing resin, which is a functional polymer material with extremely strong water-absorbing capacity. It is non-toxic and harmless, and can repeatedly release water and absorb water, so that it can be compared with "miniature reservoir" by people in agriculture. Meanwhile, the fertilizer can absorb fertilizer and pesticide and slowly release the fertilizer and the pesticide, so that the fertilizer efficiency and the pesticide effect are improved.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a mineral-based soil conditioner for improving coastal saline soil, which comprises, by mass, 600 parts of modified zeolite, 100 parts of urea, 100 parts of calcium superphosphate, 60 parts of a water retaining agent, 30 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15 parts of ferrous sulfate and 50 parts of bentonite.
The modified zeolite is modified by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: dissolving zeolite, modifier and solvent in the solvent, adding zeolite, and heating and refluxing for 60 min;
step two: naturally cooling to room temperature, and filtering to separate solid phase from liquid phase;
step three: and (3) calcining the solid phase obtained in the step two at 450 ℃ for 20min to obtain the modified zeolite.
The zeolite and the modifier comprise 400 parts of zeolite, 80 parts of aluminum sulfate, 150 parts of magnesium sulfate and 300 parts of phosphoric acid in parts by mass, the solvent is deionized water, and the ratio of the mass of the solvent to the total mass of the zeolite and the modifier is 50: 1.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a mineral-based soil conditioner for improving coastal saline soil, which comprises 500 parts by mass of modified zeolite, 125 parts by mass of urea, 125 parts by mass of calcium superphosphate, 80 parts by mass of a water retaining agent, 55 parts by mass of ammonium sulfate, 30 parts by mass of ferrous sulfate and 75 parts by mass of bentonite.
The modified zeolite is modified by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: dissolving zeolite, modifier and solvent in the solvent, adding zeolite, and heating and refluxing for 45 min;
step two: naturally cooling to room temperature, and filtering to separate solid phase from liquid phase;
step three: and (3) calcining the solid phase obtained in the step two at 500 ℃ for 30min to obtain the modified zeolite.
The zeolite and the modifier comprise, by mass, 500 parts of zeolite, 70 parts of aluminum sulfate, 100 parts of magnesium sulfate and 200 parts of phosphoric acid respectively, the solvent is deionized water, and the ratio of the mass of the solvent to the total mass of the zeolite and the modifier is 50: 1.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a mineral-based soil conditioner for improving coastal saline soil, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: dissolving zeolite, modifier and solvent in the solvent, adding zeolite, and heating and refluxing for 30 min;
step two: naturally cooling to room temperature, and filtering to separate solid phase from liquid phase;
step three: calcining the solid phase obtained in the step two at 550 ℃ for 40min to obtain modified zeolite;
step four: and (3) adding the modified zeolite prepared in the third step, calcium superphosphate, bentonite, ammonium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, urea and a water-retaining agent into a stirrer according to a predetermined proportion, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing to prepare a finished product of the soil conditioner.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a mineral-based soil conditioner for improving coastal saline soil, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: dissolving zeolite, modifier and solvent in the solvent, adding zeolite, and heating and refluxing for 60 min;
step two: naturally cooling to room temperature, and filtering to separate solid phase from liquid phase;
step three: calcining the solid phase obtained in the step two at 450 ℃ for 20min to obtain modified zeolite;
step four: and (3) adding the modified zeolite prepared in the third step, calcium superphosphate, bentonite, ammonium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, urea and a water-retaining agent into a stirrer according to a predetermined proportion, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing to prepare a finished product of the soil conditioner.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a mineral-based soil conditioner for improving coastal saline soil, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: dissolving zeolite, modifier and solvent in the solvent, adding zeolite, and heating and refluxing for 45 min;
step two: naturally cooling to room temperature, and filtering to separate solid phase from liquid phase;
step three: calcining the solid phase obtained in the step two at 500 ℃ for 30min to obtain modified zeolite;
step four: and (3) adding the modified zeolite prepared in the third step, calcium superphosphate, bentonite, ammonium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, urea and a water-retaining agent into a stirrer according to a predetermined proportion, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing to prepare a finished product of the soil conditioner.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a soil conditioner comprising, by mass, 500 parts of zeolite, 125 parts of urea, 125 parts of calcium superphosphate, 80 parts of a water retaining agent, 55 parts of ammonium sulfate, 30 parts of ferrous sulfate, and 75 parts of bentonite, respectively.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides a soil conditioner comprising, by mass, 500 parts of modified zeolite, 125 parts of urea, 125 parts of calcium superphosphate, 80 parts of a water retaining agent, 55 parts of ammonium sulfate, 30 parts of ferrous sulfate, and 75 parts of bentonite, respectively.
The modified zeolite is modified by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: dissolving zeolite, modifier and solvent in the solvent, adding zeolite, and heating and refluxing for 45 min;
step two: naturally cooling to room temperature, and filtering to separate solid phase from liquid phase;
step three: and (3) calcining the solid phase obtained in the step two at 500 ℃ for 30min to obtain the modified zeolite.
The zeolite and the modifier comprise, by mass, 500 parts of zeolite, 70 parts of aluminum sulfate and 100 parts of magnesium sulfate respectively, the solvent is deionized water, and the mass ratio of the solvent to the total mass of the zeolite and the modifier is 50: 1.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example provides a soil conditioner comprising, by mass, 500 parts of modified zeolite, 125 parts of urea, 125 parts of calcium superphosphate, 80 parts of a water retaining agent, 55 parts of ammonium sulfate, 30 parts of ferrous sulfate, and 75 parts of bentonite, respectively.
The modified zeolite is modified by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: dissolving zeolite, modifier and solvent in the solvent, adding zeolite, and heating and refluxing for 45 min;
step two: naturally cooling to room temperature, and filtering to separate solid phase from liquid phase;
step three: and (3) calcining the solid phase obtained in the step two at 500 ℃ for 30min to obtain the modified zeolite.
The zeolite and the modifier comprise, by mass, 500 parts of zeolite, 70 parts of aluminum sulfate, 100 parts of magnesium sulfate and 200 parts of hydrochloric acid respectively, the solvent is deionized water, and the ratio of the mass of the solvent to the total mass of the zeolite and the modifier is 50: 1.
Comparative example 4
The comparative example provides a soil conditioner comprising, by mass, 500 parts of modified zeolite, 125 parts of urea, 125 parts of calcium superphosphate, 80 parts of a water retaining agent, 55 parts of ammonium sulfate, 30 parts of ferrous sulfate, and 75 parts of bentonite, respectively.
The modified zeolite is modified by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: dissolving zeolite, modifier and solvent in the solvent, adding zeolite, and heating and refluxing for 45 min;
step two: naturally cooling to room temperature, and filtering to separate solid phase from liquid phase;
step three: and (3) calcining the solid phase obtained in the step two at 500 ℃ for 30min to obtain the modified zeolite.
The zeolite and the modifier comprise, by mass, 500 parts of zeolite, 70 parts of aluminum sulfate, 100 parts of magnesium sulfate and 200 parts of acetic acid respectively, the solvent is deionized water, and the ratio of the mass of the solvent to the total mass of the zeolite and the modifier is 50: 1.
Comparative example 5
The comparative example provides a soil conditioner comprising, by mass, 500 parts of modified zeolite, 125 parts of urea, 125 parts of calcium superphosphate, 80 parts of a water retaining agent, 55 parts of ammonium sulfate, 30 parts of ferrous sulfate, and 75 parts of bentonite, respectively.
The modified zeolite is modified by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: dissolving zeolite, modifier and solvent in the solvent, adding zeolite, and heating and refluxing for 45 min;
step two: naturally cooling to room temperature, and filtering to separate solid phase from liquid phase;
step three: and (3) calcining the solid phase obtained in the step two at 500 ℃ for 30min to obtain the modified zeolite.
The zeolite and the modifier comprise, by mass, 500 parts of zeolite, 70 parts of aluminum sulfate, 100 parts of magnesium sulfate and 200 parts of citric acid respectively, the solvent is deionized water, and the ratio of the mass of the solvent to the total mass of the zeolite and the modifier is 50: 1.
Comparative example 6
The comparative example provides a soil conditioner comprising, by mass, 500 parts of modified zeolite, 125 parts of urea, 125 parts of calcium superphosphate, 80 parts of a water retaining agent, and 75 parts of bentonite, respectively.
The modified zeolite is modified by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: dissolving zeolite, modifier and solvent in the solvent, adding zeolite, and heating and refluxing for 45 min;
step two: naturally cooling to room temperature, and filtering to separate solid phase from liquid phase;
step three: and (3) calcining the solid phase obtained in the step two at 500 ℃ for 30min to obtain the modified zeolite.
The zeolite and the modifier comprise, by mass, 500 parts of zeolite, 70 parts of aluminum sulfate, 100 parts of magnesium sulfate and 200 parts of phosphoric acid respectively, the solvent is deionized water, and the ratio of the mass of the solvent to the total mass of the zeolite and the modifier is 50: 1.
Application example 1
Selecting a test field in the Cixi coastal coating area, measuring that the salt content of the soil is 0.6 percent, dividing the soil into seven parts with equal areas, and naming the parts as the test fields 1-7;
soil conditioner 1 was prepared in the proportions described in example 3;
preparing a soil conditioner 2 in the component ratio described in comparative example 1;
preparing a soil conditioner 3 according to the component ratio recorded in the comparative example 2;
preparing a soil conditioner 4 in the component ratio described in comparative example 3;
preparing a soil conditioner 5 in the component ratio described in comparative example 4;
preparing a soil conditioner 6 in the component ratio described in comparative example 5;
a soil conditioner 7 was prepared in the component proportions described in comparative example 6;
respectively adding 1-7 parts of soil conditioner with equal mass into the test fields 1-7, and respectively adding equal amount of rice seeds, wherein the rice variety is Xiushui 134. After 140 days of cultivation in the same manner, the rice yield per test field was measured and the results are shown in the following table:
and (4) analyzing results: as can be seen from the table above, the rice yield of the test field 1 is obviously higher than that of the test fields 2-7, so that the soil conditioner provided by the invention can greatly improve the rice yield, and the expected purpose of the invention is achieved.
Application example 2
With the composition as described in example 3, the only difference is that the particle sizes of the modified zeolites are respectivelyThe conditioners 1-5 were prepared from 10, 20, 60, 100 and 200 mesh modified zeolites, and the comparative conditioners 1-5 were prepared using 25 ℃ zeolite (i.e., without calcination at 500 ℃) as a control. Adding the conditioner 1-5 and the contrast conditioner 1-5 into 150mL, wherein the mass concentration is 1 g.L-1Adding NaCl solution into water sample, placing the triangular flask into a shaking box, and heating at 25 deg.C for 200r min-1Oscillating for 24h, standing, filtering with 0.45 μm filter membrane, collecting supernatant, and measuring Na on flame photometer+And (4) content. The adsorption results for the various conditioning agents are shown in figure 1.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, it can be seen that the calcined modified zeolite (fig. 2) has a significantly changed structure, increased pores and specific surface area, and increased pores, and salt ions can enter the interior of the calcined modified zeolite along the micropores of the calcined modified zeolite, so as to promote the adsorption of the salt ions by the thermally modified zeolite, and the interface film resistance of the surface of the calcined modified zeolite is weakened, thereby improving the adsorption capacity of the calcined modified zeolite.
Application example 3
The conditioners prepared from the modified zeolites which had not been calcined at normal temperature, calcined at 200 ℃, calcined at 300 ℃, calcined at 400 ℃, calcined at 500 ℃ and calcined at 600 ℃ were prepared according to the compositions described in example 3, and each conditioner was added to 150mL of the modified zeolites at a mass concentration of 1 g.L-1Adding NaCl solution into water sample, placing the triangular flask into a shaking box, and heating at 25 deg.C for 200r min-1Oscillating for 24h, standing, filtering with 0.45 μm filter membrane, collecting supernatant, and measuring Na on flame photometer+And (4) content. The results are shown in FIG. 4.
Application example 4
A soil conditioner was prepared in the proportions of the components described in example 3. The effect of the soil conditioner of the present invention will be further explained by combining the concrete potting test and the field test.
In the potted plant test treatment S + NPK, the dosage of the soil conditioner for improving the coastal saline soil is 16.7g.kg-1Soil, N, P2O5、K2O is 0.167g.kg-1。
The soil to be tested is Ixi coastal saline soilThe soil texture is medium loam, and the salt content of 0-20cm soil is 4.7 g.kg-1Yongyou 1540 rice variety, brackish water (total salt content 1.9 g. L)-1) And (5) irrigating. Both the experimental pot-planting test and the cell test are set with 3 treatments: no fertilizer (CK), nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer (NPK) applied singly, and nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer (S + NPK) added in soil conditioner. The treatment is repeated for 4 times, and except the treatment without fertilizer, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the other two treatments are equal.
In the pot culture test, 15kg of soil is filled in each pot, 250g of soil conditioner is applied to each pot in the S + NPK treatment, and N, P is applied to each pot in the NPK treatment and the S + NPK treatment2O5、K2O amounts to 2.5 g. In the plot experiment, the NPK treatment was performed with 550 kg-hm urea-2Calcium superphosphate 750kg hm-2510 kg.hm of monopotassium phosphate-2(ii) a 3000kg hm soil conditioner for S + NPK treatment-2250kg hm of urea-2450 kg.hm of superphosphate-2510 kg.hm of monopotassium phosphate-2Let N of NPK treatment and S + NPK treatment: p2O5：K2O is 1: 0.5: 0.7. the cell area is 25m2。
As can be seen from Table 1, under the condition of no application of the soil conditioner, the total salt content of the soil treated by the CK and the NPK is not significantly different, but the salt content of the soil treated by the soil conditioner applied to the soil with the soil conditioner of 0-5 cm and 5-20 cm in the soil layer (S + NPK) is significantly lower than that of the soil treated by the CK and the NPK without the soil conditioner applied, and the total salt content of the soil treated by the soil conditioner not applied (CK and NPK) and that of the soil treated by the soil conditioner applied (S + NPK) is not significantly different at 20-40 cm in the soil layer.
TABLE 1 soil conditioner on soil salt content (g.kg)-1) Influence of (2)
As can be seen from table 2, the alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of the soil treated with the soil conditioner (S + NPK) are all improved to different degrees compared to the soil treated without the soil conditioner (CK, NPK).
Table 2 soil conditioner for 0-20cm soil nutrient content (mg. kg)-1) Influence of (2)
The yield increasing effect of the soil conditioner on the coastal saline soil is shown in tables 3 and 4, the yield of rice can be increased by applying the soil conditioner on the coastal saline soil, the yield of the potted test rice is increased by 125.4% and 64.8% respectively by applying the soil conditioner (S + NPK) and the yield of the plot test rice is increased by 175.0% and 20.1% respectively compared with CK and NPK treatments without applying the soil conditioner.
TABLE 3 influence of soil conditioner on Rice yield in Pot culture test
TABLE 4 influence of soil amendment on Rice yield
Application example 5
In the potted plant test treatment S + NPK, the dosage of the soil conditioner for improving the coastal saline soil is 1500kg hm-2(S15)、3000kg·hm-2(S30)、 4500kg·hm-2(S45)。
The soil to be tested is Daisy rocket saline soil, and the salt content of the soil is 6 g/kg-1The rice variety is Yongyou 1540, brackish water (full salt content 2.7 g.L)-1) And (5) irrigating. The cell experiment was set with 4 treatments: singly applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (CK); the dosage of the soil conditioner is 1500 kg.hm-2(S15)、3000kg·hm-2(S30)、4500kg·hm-2(S45). N255 kg. hm is applied per treatment-2The dosage proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is N: p2O5：K2O is 1: 0.5: 0.7, the fertilizers were urea, superphosphate and monopotassium phosphate, which were repeated 4 times per treatment. The cell area is 30m2。
TABLE 5 influence of different amounts of soil conditioner on rice yield
As can be seen from Table 5, the soil conditioner was applied to the seashore saline soil at 3000 kg. hm in four treatments-2(S30) the rice treated with the fertilizer has the highest yield, which is 23.6% higher than that of the Control (CK) which only applies nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer, and the respective dosage of the fertilizer and the Control (CK) is 1500kg hm-2(S15) and 4500kg hm-2(S45) the yield of the treatment is increased by 5.9% and 6.1%, so that the application amount of the coastal saline soil conditioner can be determined to be 3000kg hm-2The optimal dosage for high yield of rice.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
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