CN113853906B - Dry land corn cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating dry-land corn, and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: s1, seed treatment: screening to obtain high-quality corns, drying in the sun, dressing the seeds with a seed coating agent, and drying in the shade; s2, soil preparation: removing field impurities, weeding, deeply ploughing land, adding a soil conditioner and a base fertilizer, and then ploughing shallowly; s3, ridging and sowing; s4, field management: irrigating, thinning, final singling, fertilizing and irrigating; s5, pest control and timely harvest. The method realizes large-area planting of the corns in the dry land saline-alkali soil and improves the yield of the corns.

Description

A kind of upland corn cultivation method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating dryland corn.

Background technique

Drought and water shortage seriously affect the planting of crops. Due to the bare topsoil in dry land planting, it leads to serious soil erosion, serious loss of water and nutrients, and the quality of cultivated land is declining day by day. Unreasonable farming methods have aggravated soil salinization, and saline-alkali soil has high pH, high salt content, low nutrient availability in the soil, and poor physical and chemical properties of the soil, which affect the growth and development of crops. Because most of the soluble salt in the saline-alkali soil is sodium salt, the soil is heavy, the soil colloid is dispersed and emulsified, the air permeability is poor, it swells and becomes muddy when it encounters water, and it shrinks hard after dehydration, which seriously affects the germination of crop seeds and the normal development of crops. In addition, soil sodium ions Excessive alkaline reaction will directly damage plant tissue, and the root system of crops is also perishable, affecting nutrient conversion, making phosphorus fertilizer and trace elements insoluble and invalid. Therefore, soil salinization is extremely harmful to crops.

Corn is an annual monoecious cross-pollinated plant with tall plants and strong stems. It is an important food crop and feed crop. Its planting area and total output are second only to rice and wheat. Corn is rich in protein and fat. Vitamins, trace elements, cellulose, etc. have great potential for developing high-nutrition, high-biological function foods. And the method of prior art often pays attention to the irrigation problem of corn when planting corn in dry land, and ignores the impact of saline-alkali soil on corn.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the above problems, the present invention provides a method for cultivating maize in dry land, through which, large-scale planting of maize in saline-alkali soil of dry land is realized, and the yield of maize is increased.

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of upland corn cultivation method, comprise the following steps:

S1. Seed treatment

Screen corn seeds, remove bad and broken seeds, sun-dry high-quality corn seeds for 3-4 days, dress them with seed coating agents, and dry them in a cool place;

S2, land preparation

Remove field sundries, weeding, and level the field; deeply plow the land, dry it for 4-6 days, then carry out second deep plowing, apply soil conditioner and base fertilizer on the soil surface after 4-6 days of drying, and then perform shallow plowing;

The soil conditioner is composed of modified montmorillonite, microbial agent, humic acid and plant ash;

Described base fertilizer is organic fertilizer, potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer;

S3, ridging, sowing

Ridging is carried out in the field, the distance between the ridges is 80-100cm, the sowing holes are dug on the ridges, the distance between the sowing holes is 15-20cm, and 2-3 seeds are put into each sowing hole, covered with soil ;

S4. Field management

(1) before emergence after sowing, when the soil moisture content is lower than 12-15%, irrigate to ensure soil moisture;

(2) After the seedlings emerge, carry out thinning and fixed seedlings; and do a good job of daily weeding;

(3) fertilizing and irrigating during the growth of corn;

S5, pest control, timely harvest.

Preferably, the modified montmorillonite is prepared according to the following method:

Step 1. Add chitosan to acetic acid solution to prepare chitosan solution, add crushed and sieved montmorillonite into chitosan solution, stir at 60-70°C for 6-8 hours, and centrifuge until The clear liquid is neutral, and dried at 50-60°C for 12-18 hours to obtain chitosan@montmorillonite; wherein, the ratio of chitosan, acetic acid solution and montmorillonite is 4-12g: 2L: 4-6g;

Step 2. Add sodium lignosulfonate to ultrapure water to prepare sodium lignosulfonate solution, add chitosan@montmorillonite prepared in step 1 into sodium lignosulfonate solution, 50-60°C Stir for 4-6 hours, after centrifugation, dry at 40-60°C for 10-12 hours to obtain sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan@montmorillonite; among them, chitosan, acetic acid solution and chitosan/montmorillonite The ratio is 4-12g: 2L: 4-6g;

Step 3. Repeat the reaction of step 1-2 for 1-3 times with sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan@montmorillonite to obtain modified montmorillonite.

Preferably, the soil conditioner is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 9-15 parts of modified montmorillonite, 2-3 parts of solid microbial agent, 15-25 parts of humic acid, 5-25 parts Plant ash.

Preferably, the soil conditioner is prepared according to the following method:

Step 1. Weigh 9-15 parts of modified montmorillonite, 2-3 parts of solid microbial bacterial agent, 15-25 parts of humic acid, and 5-25 parts of plant ash in parts by weight, and set aside;

Step 2, uniformly mixing the modified montmorillonite, plant ash, humic acid, and solid microbial agent to obtain a soil conditioner.

Preferably, in S2, 300-500kg of organic fertilizer, 30-40kg of potassium fertilizer, 15-20kg of phosphate fertilizer and 100-200kg of soil conditioner are applied per mu.

Preferably, in S2, the organic fertilizer is decomposed manure.

Preferably, in S3, the cross section of the ridge is trapezoidal, the height of the ridge is 15-20 cm, the width of the top of the ridge is 20-30 cm, and the width of the bottom of the ridge is 40-50 cm; the diameter of the seeding hole is 5-10 cm.

Preferably, in S4, when the number of leaves of the seedlings reaches 3, the seedling thinning treatment is performed, and when the number of leaves of the seedlings reaches 5, the seedling treatment is performed.

Preferably, in S4, 5-10 kg/mu of urea fertilizer is applied during the growth of corn.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

In the invention, the montmorillonite is modified through a layer-by-layer self-assembly method, thereby improving adsorption and other properties, and improving nutrient absorption.

The invention applies the soil conditioner in the field before sowing corn, which can reduce the pH value of the soil, thereby reducing the damage of soil salinity, enhancing the permeability of the soil, improving the structure of the soil and enhancing the fertility of the soil.

detailed description

The following clearly and completely describes the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The acetic acid used in the following examples is acetic acid with a volume fraction of 2%. The corn seeds used are Zhengdan 958. The special seed coating agent for corn is purchased from Beijing Fengerle Technology Development Co., Ltd. The microbial agent used is made of subtilis Bacillus subtilis ACCC10619 was prepared from Bacillus subtilis ACCC10619, which was purchased from China Agricultural Microorganism Culture Collection Management Center.

In the following examples, the preparation method of the solid microbial agent is as follows: Bacillus subtilis ACCC10619 is activated using LB slant medium at 37±1°C, and the activated strain is inoculated in LB liquid medium for 2 days at 37±1°C. The seed liquid is obtained, the seed liquid is inoculated into a solid substrate for fermentation, and dried at 30-35° C. to obtain a solid microbial agent.

The formula of the solid matrix is as follows: soybean meal 50g, K ₂ HPO ₄ 1.28g, glucose 0.85g, KCl 0.17g, MgSO ₄ 0.21g, sodium glutamate 0.85g, FeSO ₄ 0.13g, MnSO ₄ 0.26g, CuSO ₄ 0.13g, Distilled water 35ml, pH7.0. For the formula of the solid matrix, refer to "Optimization of Bacillus subtilis solid-state fermentation lipopeptide production medium and preliminary identification of lipopeptides" published by Li Meng et al. in "Food Industry Science and Technology" Issue 06, 2019.

Example 1

The present embodiment provides a kind of preparation method of soil conditioner, prepare according to the following method:

Described modified montmorillonite is prepared according to the following method:

Step 1. Add 4g of chitosan to 2L acetic acid solution to prepare a chitosan solution. Add 4g of crushed and sieved montmorillonite to the chitosan solution, stir at 60°C for 8h, and centrifuge until the supernatant The solution was neutral, and dried at 50°C for 18 hours to obtain chitosan@montmorillonite;

Step 2, adding 4g sodium lignosulfonate to 2L of ultrapure water to prepare sodium lignosulfonate solution, adding 4g chitosan@montmorillonite prepared in step 1 to sodium lignosulfonate solution, Stir at 50°C for 6h, after centrifugation, dry at 40°C for 12h to obtain sodium lignosulfonate@chitosan/montmorillonite;

Step 3, repeat the reaction of step 1-2 twice with sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan@montmorillonite, that is, replace the montmorillonite in step 1 with sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan@montmorillonite, Prepare the product, i.e. chitosan/sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan@montmorillonite, then replace the chitosan in step 2 with chitosan/sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan@montmorillonite @montmorillonite, prepared (sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan) ₂ @montmorillonite; then use (sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan) ₂ @montmorillonite to repeat steps 1-2 once reaction to obtain (sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan) ₃ /montmorillonite, that is, modified montmorillonite.

Weigh 9 parts of modified montmorillonite, 4 parts of solid microbial agent, 20 parts of humic acid, and 15 parts of plant ash in parts by weight; mix the modified montmorillonite, plant ash, humic acid, and microbial agent evenly Get a soil conditioner.

Example 2

The present embodiment provides a kind of preparation method of soil conditioner, prepare according to the following method:

Described modified montmorillonite is prepared according to the following method:

Step 1. Add 10g of chitosan to 2L acetic acid solution to prepare a chitosan solution. Add 6g of crushed and sieved montmorillonite to the chitosan solution, stir at 70°C for 6h, and centrifuge until the supernatant The solution was neutral, and dried at 60°C for 12 hours to obtain chitosan@montmorillonite;

Step 2, adding 10g of sodium lignosulfonate to 2L of ultrapure water to prepare sodium lignosulfonate solution, adding 6g of chitosan@montmorillonite prepared in step 1 to the sodium lignosulfonate solution, Stir at 60°C for 4h, and after centrifugation, dry at 60°C for 10h to obtain sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan@montmorillonite;

Step 3. Repeat the reaction of step 1-2 once with sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan@montmorillonite, that is, replace the montmorillonite in step 1 with sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan@montmorillonite, Prepare the product, i.e. chitosan/sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan@montmorillonite, then replace the chitosan in step 2 with chitosan/sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan@montmorillonite @montmorillonite, prepared from (sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan) ₂ @montmorillonite, namely modified montmorillonite.

Weigh 15 parts of modified montmorillonite, 3 parts of solid microbial agent, 15 parts of humic acid, and 25 parts of plant ash in parts by weight; mix the modified montmorillonite, plant ash, humic acid and microbial agent evenly Get a soil conditioner.

Example 3

The present embodiment provides a kind of preparation method of soil conditioner, prepare according to the following method:

Described modified montmorillonite is prepared according to the following method:

Step 1. Add 12g of chitosan to 2L of acetic acid solution to prepare a chitosan solution. Add 5g of crushed and sieved montmorillonite to the chitosan solution, stir at 65°C for 7h, and centrifuge until the supernatant The solution was neutral, and dried at 55°C for 15 hours to obtain chitosan@montmorillonite;

Step 2, adding 12g of sodium lignosulfonate into 2L of ultrapure water to prepare sodium lignosulfonate solution, adding 5g of chitosan@montmorillonite prepared in step 1 into the sodium lignosulfonate solution, Stir at 55°C for 5h, and after centrifugation, dry at 55°C for 11h to obtain sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan@montmorillonite;

Step 3. Repeat the reaction of step 1-2 three times with sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan@montmorillonite, that is, replace the montmorillonite in step 1 with sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan@montmorillonite, Prepare the product, i.e. chitosan/sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan@montmorillonite, then replace the chitosan in step 2 with chitosan/sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan@montmorillonite @montmorillonite, prepared (sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan) ₂ @montmorillonite; then use (sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan) ₂ @montmorillonite to repeat steps 1-2 twice Reaction to obtain (sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan) ₄ /montmorillonite, that is, modified montmorillonite.

Weigh 12 parts of modified montmorillonite, 3 parts of solid microbial agent, 125 parts of humic acid, and 10 parts of plant ash in parts by weight; mix the modified montmorillonite, plant ash, humic acid, and microbial agent evenly Get a soil conditioner.

The montmorillonite is modified, and the surface of the montmorillonite contains hydroxyl groups, which react with the amino groups in chitosan to form hydrogen bonds, and then the hydroxyl groups in chitosan can be combined with the hydroxyl groups in sodium lignosulfonate Groups form hydrogen bonds, and chitosan and sodium lignosulfonate are introduced to the surface of montmorillonite through layer-by-layer self-assembly method to obtain modified montmorillonite, which improves the adsorption performance, etc., and improves the absorption of nutrients. The use of microbial agents increases the total number of microorganisms in the soil and improves the permeability of the soil. Humic acid is rich in organic substances, which can effectively improve the soil structure. Humic acid is an acidic substance that can effectively neutralize alkaline substances in the soil. Adding plant ash can properly neutralize humic acid. Keep the pH value of the soil conditioner at 4.3-6.3 to avoid a large drop in pH due to excessive humic acid, and plant ash is also a kind of potassium fertilizer, plant ash and humic acid can enhance soil fertility.

Example 4

The present embodiment provides a kind of upland corn cultivation method, comprises the following steps:

S1. Seed treatment

Screen corn seeds, remove pests, bad seeds, and broken seeds. After drying the high-quality corn seeds after screening for 3 days, turn them every 2 hours during the drying process. After drying the seeds, use special corn seed coating agents Carry out seed dressing, use seed coating agent to be 20% Fuke seed coating agent (comprising thiram 10%, carbofuran 10%), control smut, and seedling stage pest and underground pest, after seed dressing is finished, seed Dry in the shade;

S2, land preparation

Remove field sundries, such as stones, etc., weeding, and make the field basically flat; plow the land deeply, the deep plowing depth is 30cm, and carry out the second deep plowing after 4 days of drying, the deep plowing depth is 30cm, and apply soil conditioner and base fertilizer on the soil surface after 4 days of drying , and then perform shallow plowing with a shallow plowing depth of 15cm;

Described soil conditioner uses the 300kg soil conditioner prepared by embodiment 1;

Described base manure is 300kg decomposed manure, 30kg potash fertilizer and 10kg phosphate fertilizer;

S3, ridging, sowing

Ridging is carried out in the field, the cross-section of the ridge is trapezoidal, the height of the ridge is 15 cm, the width of the top of the ridge is 20 cm, and the width of the bottom of the ridge is 40 cm; the diameter of the seeding hole is 10 cm. The distance between the ridge and the ridge is 80cm, and the sowing hole is dug on the ridge, and the distance between the sowing hole is 15cm, and 2 seeds are dropped into each sowing hole, covered with soil;

S4. Field management

(1) After sowing and before emergence, when the soil moisture content is lower than 12%, irrigation is carried out, and the irrigation amount per mu is 5m ³ to ensure soil moisture;

(2) After emergence, carry out thinning and fixed seedlings, corn thins out after growing 3 leaves, when finding lack of seedlings, can transplant from the place with high density, after growing 6 leaves, carry out fixed seedlings, keep each sowing Leave a corn seedling in good growth condition in the hole; and do a good job of daily weeding;

(3) Fertilize and irrigate during the growth of corn, and apply 10kg of urea fertilizer per mu after the completion of seedling setting; fertilizer can be applied near the sowing hole, but not close to the root of the corn, after fertilization is completed, cover the surface of the fertilizer with 3cm thick At the heading stage, apply 1kg of urea fertilizer per mu; after applying the fertilizer, you can irrigate 3m ³ of water per mu, and you can also fertilize the corn before the rainfall; water;

S5. In the process of corn growth, prevent and control the diseases and insect pests that appear. Physical control methods can be used to eliminate pests, etc., and reduce the use of chemical drugs; timely harvest corn.

Example 5

The present embodiment provides a kind of upland corn cultivation method, comprises the following steps:

S1. Seed treatment

Screen corn seeds, remove pests, bad seeds, and broken seeds. After the screened high-quality corn seeds are sun-dried for 4 days, flip them every 2 hours during the sun-drying process. After the sun-dried seeds, use special corn seed coating agents Carry out seed dressing, use seed coating agent to be 20% Fuke seed coating agent (comprising thiram 10%, carbofuran 10%), control smut, and seedling stage pest and underground pest, after seed dressing is finished, seed Dry in the shade;

S2, land preparation

Remove debris in the field, such as stones, weeding, and make the field basically flat; plow the land deeply, with a deep plowing depth of 40cm, and perform a second deep plowing after 6 days of drying, with a deep plowing depth of 40cm, and apply soil conditioner and base fertilizer on the soil surface after 6 days of drying , and then shallow plowing, the depth of shallow plowing is 20cm;

Described soil conditioner uses the 400kg soil conditioner prepared by embodiment 1;

Described base manure is 500kg decomposed manure, 40kg potash fertilizer and 20kg phosphate fertilizer;

S3, ridging, sowing

Ridging is carried out in the field, the cross-section of the ridge is trapezoidal, the height of the ridge is 20cm, the width of the top of the ridge is 30cm, and the width of the bottom of the ridge is 50cm; the diameter of the sowing hole is 15cm. The spacing between the ridge and the ridge is 100cm, and the sowing hole is dug on the ridge, the spacing between the sowing hole is 15cm, and 3 seeds are thrown between each sowing hole, and the soil is covered;

S4. Field management

(1) After sowing and before emergence, when the soil moisture content is lower than 15%, irrigation is carried out, and the irrigation amount per mu is 5m ³ to ensure soil moisture;

(2) After emergence, carry out thinning and fixed seedlings, corn thins out after growing 3 leaves, when finding lack of seedlings, can transplant from the place with high density, after growing 6 leaves, carry out fixed seedlings, keep each sowing Leave a corn seedling in good growth condition in the hole; and do a good job of daily weeding;

(3) Fertilize and irrigate during the growth of corn, and apply 12kg of urea fertilizer per mu after the completion of seedling setting; fertilizer can be applied near the sowing hole, but not close to the root of the corn, after fertilization is completed, cover the surface of the fertilizer with 3cm thick 0.8kg of urea fertilizer per mu at the heading stage; 4m ³ of water per mu can be irrigated after fertilizer application, and corn can also be fertilized before rainfall; if rainfall causes water accumulation in the field, it is necessary to discharge excess water in the field stagnant water;

S5. In the process of corn growth, prevent and control the diseases and insect pests that appear. Physical control methods can be used to eliminate pests, etc., and reduce the use of chemical drugs; timely harvest corn.

Example 6

The present embodiment provides a kind of upland corn cultivation method, comprises the following steps:

S1. Seed treatment

Screen corn seeds, remove pests, bad seeds, and broken seeds. After the screened high-quality corn seeds are sun-dried for 4 days, flip them every 2 hours during the sun-drying process. After the sun-dried seeds, use special corn seed coating agents Carry out seed dressing, use seed coating agent to be 20% Fuke seed coating agent (comprising thiram 10%, carbofuran 10%), control smut, and seedling stage pest and underground pest, after seed dressing is finished, seed Dry in the shade;

S2, land preparation

Remove debris in the field, such as stones, weeding, and make the field basically flat; plow the land deeply, with a deep plowing depth of 30cm, and perform a second deep plowing after 5 days of drying, with a deep plowing depth of 30cm, and apply soil conditioner and base fertilizer on the soil surface after 5 days of drying , and then shallow plowing, the depth of shallow plowing is 20cm;

Described soil conditioner uses the 500kg soil conditioner prepared by embodiment 2;

Described base manure is 400kg decomposed manure, 35kg potash fertilizer and 18kg phosphate fertilizer;

S3, ridging, sowing

Ridging is carried out in the field, the cross section of the ridge is trapezoidal, the height of the ridge is 18cm, the width of the top of the ridge is 25cm, and the width of the bottom of the ridge is 45cm; the diameter of the seeding hole is 12cm. The spacing between the ridge and the ridge is 90cm, and the sowing hole is dug on the ridge, the spacing between the sowing hole is 13cm, and 3 seeds are thrown between each sowing hole, and the soil is covered;

S4. Field management

(1) After sowing and before emergence, when the soil moisture content is lower than 13%, irrigation is carried out, and the irrigation amount per mu is 4.5m ³ to ensure soil moisture;

(2) After emergence, carry out thinning and fixed seedlings, corn carries out thinning after growing 4 leaves, when finding lack of seedlings, can transplant from the place with high density, after growing 5 leaves, carry out fixed seedlings, keep each sowing Leave a corn seedling in good growth condition in the hole; and do a good job of daily weeding;

(3) Fertilize and irrigate during the growth of corn, and apply 12kg of urea fertilizer per mu after the completion of seedling setting; fertilizer can be applied near the sowing hole, but not close to the root of the corn, after fertilization is completed, cover the surface of the fertilizer with 3cm thick 0.8kg of urea fertilizer per mu at the heading stage; 4m ³ of water per mu can be irrigated after fertilizer application, and corn can also be fertilized before rainfall; if rainfall causes water accumulation in the field, it is necessary to discharge excess water in the field stagnant water;

S5. In the process of corn growth, prevent and control the diseases and insect pests that appear. Physical control methods can be used to eliminate pests, etc., and reduce the use of chemical drugs; timely harvest corn.

Example 7

The present embodiment provides a kind of upland corn cultivation method, comprises the following steps:

S1. Seed treatment

Screen corn seeds, remove pests, bad seeds, and broken seeds. After the screened high-quality corn seeds are sun-dried for 4 days, flip them every 2 hours during the sun-drying process. After the sun-dried seeds, use special corn seed coating agents Carry out seed dressing, use seed coating agent to be 20% Fuke seed coating agent (comprising thiram 10%, carbofuran 10%), control smut, and seedling stage pest and underground pest, after seed dressing is finished, seed Dry in the shade;

S2, land preparation

Remove debris in the field, such as stones, weeding, and make the field basically flat; plow the land deeply, with a deep plowing depth of 40cm, and perform a second deep plowing after 6 days of drying, with a deep plowing depth of 40cm, and apply soil conditioner and base fertilizer on the soil surface after 6 days of drying , and then shallow plowing, the depth of shallow plowing is 20cm;

Described soil conditioner uses the 400kg soil conditioner prepared by embodiment 3;

Described base manure is 500kg decomposed manure, 40kg potash fertilizer and 20kg phosphate fertilizer;

S3, ridging, sowing

Ridging is carried out in the field, the cross-section of the ridge is trapezoidal, the height of the ridge is 20cm, the width of the top of the ridge is 30cm, and the width of the bottom of the ridge is 50cm; the diameter of the sowing hole is 15cm. The spacing between the ridge and the ridge is 100cm, and the sowing hole is dug on the ridge, the spacing between the sowing hole is 15cm, and 3 seeds are thrown between each sowing hole, and the soil is covered;

S4. Field management

(1) After sowing and before emergence, when the soil moisture content is lower than 15%, irrigation is carried out, and the irrigation amount per mu is 5m ³ to ensure soil moisture;

(2) After emergence, carry out thinning and fixed seedlings, corn thins out after growing 3 leaves, when finding lack of seedlings, can transplant from the place with high density, after growing 6 leaves, carry out fixed seedlings, keep each sowing Leave a corn seedling in good growth condition in the hole; and do a good job of daily weeding;

(3) Fertilize and irrigate during the growth of corn, and apply 12kg of urea fertilizer per mu after the completion of seedling setting; fertilizer can be applied near the sowing hole, but not close to the root of the corn, after fertilization is completed, cover the surface of the fertilizer with 3cm thick 0.8kg of urea fertilizer per mu at the heading stage; 4m ³ of water per mu can be irrigated after fertilizer application, and corn can also be fertilized before rainfall; if rainfall causes water accumulation in the field, it is necessary to discharge excess water in the field stagnant water;

S5. In the process of corn growth, prevent and control the diseases and insect pests that appear. Physical control methods can be used to eliminate pests, etc., and reduce the use of chemical drugs; timely harvest corn.

Comparative example 1

Compared with the corn cultivation method of Comparative Example 1 and Example 2, the difference in Comparative Example 1 is that no soil conditioner is added.

The pH value of the soil conditioner of statistical embodiment 1-3 and the emergence rate and corn yield of embodiment 4-7, the results are as follows:

The pH value of the soil conditioner of table 1 embodiment 1-3 and the emergence rate and corn yield of embodiment 4-7

Note: "-" in the table means no data.

As can be seen from Table 1, through the cultivation method of the present application, the emergence rate of maize has been improved, and the yield of maize has been increased simultaneously.

While preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, additional changes and modifications to these embodiments can be made by those skilled in the art once the basic inventive concept is appreciated. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be construed to cover the preferred embodiment as well as all changes and modifications which fall within the scope of the invention.

Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, the present invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims (8)

1. A method for cultivating dry-land corn is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, seed treatment

Screening corn seeds, removing bad seeds and broken seeds, drying high-quality corn seeds in the sun for 3-4 days, dressing the seeds with a seed coating agent, and airing the seeds in the shade;

s2, soil preparation

Removing impurities in the field, weeding and leveling the field; deeply ploughing the land, airing for 4-6 days, then carrying out secondary deep ploughing, airing for 4-6 days, applying a soil conditioner and a base fertilizer on the soil surface, and then carrying out shallow ploughing;

the soil conditioner is prepared from modified montmorillonite, a microbial agent, humic acid and plant ash;

the base fertilizer comprises an organic fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer;

the modified montmorillonite is prepared according to the following method:

step 1, adding chitosan into an acetic acid solution to prepare a chitosan solution, adding crushed and sieved montmorillonite into the chitosan solution, stirring for 6-8h at 60-70 ℃, centrifuging until the supernatant is neutral, and drying for 12-18h at 50-60 ℃ to obtain chitosan @ montmorillonite; wherein the proportion of the chitosan, the acetic acid solution and the montmorillonite is 4-12g:2L:4-6g;

step 2, adding sodium lignosulfonate into ultrapure water to prepare a sodium lignosulfonate solution, adding the chitosan @ montmorillonite prepared in the step 1 into the sodium lignosulfonate solution, stirring for 4-6h at 50-60 ℃, after centrifugation, drying for 10-12h at 40-60 ℃ to obtain sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite; wherein the ratio of the sodium lignin sulfonate, the ultrapure water and the chitosan @ montmorillonite is 4-12g:2L:4-6g;

step 3, repeating the reaction of the step 1-2 for 1-3 times on the sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite to obtain modified montmorillonite;

s3, ridging and sowing

Ridging is carried out in a field, the distance between every two ridges is 80-100cm, sowing holes are dug on the ridges, the distance between every two sowing holes is 15-20cm, 2-3 seeds are put into each sowing hole, and soil is covered;

s4, field management

(1) Irrigating when the water content of the soil is lower than 15% after sowing and before seedling emergence so as to ensure the soil humidity;

(2) After seedling emergence, thinning and final singling are carried out; and doing well for daily weeding;

(3) Fertilizing and irrigating in the corn growth process;

s5, pest control and timely harvest.

2. The method for cultivating the dry land corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil conditioner is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 9-15 parts of modified montmorillonite, 2-4 parts of solid microbial agent, 15-25 parts of humic acid and 10-25 parts of plant ash.

3. The method for cultivating the dry land corn as claimed in claim 2, wherein the soil conditioner is prepared by the following steps:

step 1, weighing 9-15 parts of modified montmorillonite, 2-4 parts of solid microbial agent, 15-25 parts of humic acid and 10-25 parts of plant ash according to parts by weight for later use;

and 2, uniformly mixing the modified montmorillonite, plant ash, humic acid and the solid microbial agent to obtain the soil conditioner.

4. The method for cultivating the dry land corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein 300-500kg of organic fertilizer, 30-40kg of potassium fertilizer, 10-20kg of phosphate fertilizer and 300-400kg of soil conditioner are applied to each mu in S2.

5. The method for cultivating corn on dry land as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S2, the organic fertilizer is decomposed manure.

6. The method for cultivating the corn on the dry land as claimed in claim 5, wherein in S3, the cross section of each ridge is trapezoidal, the height of each ridge is 15-20cm, the width of the top surface of each ridge is 20-30cm, and the width of the bottom of each ridge is 40-50cm; the diameter of the sowing hole is 10-15cm.

7. The method for cultivating corn on dry land as claimed in claim 6, wherein in S4, when the number of young seedling leaves reaches 3-4, thinning treatment is performed, and when the number of young seedling leaves reaches 5-6, final singling treatment is performed.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of applying urea fertilizer during the growth of the corn in step S4.