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CN113847011A - A measuring sub and measuring method for well kick and lost circulation - Google Patents

A measuring sub and measuring method for well kick and lost circulation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113847011A
CN113847011A CN202010599480.3A CN202010599480A CN113847011A CN 113847011 A CN113847011 A CN 113847011A CN 202010599480 A CN202010599480 A CN 202010599480A CN 113847011 A CN113847011 A CN 113847011A
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electromagnetic wave
measuring
pressure
temperature
depth
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CN113847011B (en
Inventor
张德安
李油建
李三国
王新玲
孟辉
王玉府
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Zhongyuan Measurement And Control Co Of Sinopec Jingwei Co ltd
China Petrochemical Corp
Sinopec Oilfield Service Corp
Sinopec Zhongyuan Petroleum Engineering Co Ltd
Sinopec Jingwei Co Ltd
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Sinopec Oilfield Service Corp
Well Logging Co of Sinopec Zhongyuan Petroleum Engineering Co Ltd
Sinopec Zhongyuan Petroleum Engineering Co Ltd
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00Survey of boreholes or wells
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/06Measuring temperature or pressure

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种针对井涌井漏的测量短节及测量方法,该测量短节包括本体(1)、设置在本体上的电路板(2),以及设置在本体的外表面的环空压力温度测量单元(3)和地层电阻率测量单元。本体的中部开设有沿轴线贯通的钻井液流道,环空压力温度测量单元包括压力传感器和温度传感器,地层电阻率测量单元包括电磁波发射器和电磁波接收器(5),电路板与环空压力温度测量单元和地层电阻率测量单元电连接,电路板包括数据处理模块和数据存储模块。采用本发明提供的测量短节可以实现钻井现场井涌井漏的准确测量,从而为石油钻探提质、提速、提效和增储上产保驾护航。

Figure 202010599480

The invention provides a measuring sub-section and a measuring method for well kick and lost circulation. The measuring sub-section comprises a main body (1), a circuit board (2) arranged on the main body, and an annular pressure arranged on the outer surface of the main body A temperature measurement unit (3) and a formation resistivity measurement unit. The middle of the body is provided with a drilling fluid flow channel running through the axis, the annular pressure and temperature measurement unit includes a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, the formation resistivity measurement unit includes an electromagnetic wave transmitter and an electromagnetic wave receiver (5), and the circuit board and the annular pressure The temperature measurement unit is electrically connected with the formation resistivity measurement unit, and the circuit board includes a data processing module and a data storage module. The measurement sub-section provided by the invention can realize the accurate measurement of the well kick and lost circulation at the drilling site, thereby escorting the quality, speed, efficiency, reserve and production increase of oil drilling.

Figure 202010599480

Description

Measuring nipple and measuring method for well kick and well leakage
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum drilling, in particular to a measuring nipple and a measuring method aiming at well kick and well leakage.
Background
The overflow and the lost circulation are common phenomena affecting operation safety in the petroleum drilling process, wherein the overflow refers to the phenomenon that fluid in an underground stratum invades into a borehole to cause a stream of continuous mud to gush out from a well mouth or a drill rod on the surface of a drilling machine rotating disc, the overflow is continuously increased, and excrement can form a well kick, and the lost circulation refers to the underground complex condition that working fluid (such as drilling fluid and the like) directly enters the stratum under the action of pressure difference.
At present, the on-site measurement method for the kick and the leakage generally has the problem of poor accuracy, once the kick and the leakage occur, if the detection rule usually delays the processing time, a major accident is finally caused, and the method also becomes one of the main reasons that the drilling cost of China is high, so that how to realize the accurate measurement of the kick and the leakage on the drilling site becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field for improving the quality, the speed, the efficiency and the production and the driving of increasing storage.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a measuring nipple and a measuring method for the well kick and the well leakage, and the measuring nipple can be used for realizing accurate measurement of the well kick and the well leakage on a drilling site, so that the quality, the speed and the efficiency of oil drilling are improved, and the production, the production and the driving are improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a measurement sub for kick lost circulation, comprising:
the drilling fluid flow passage is arranged in the middle of the body and is communicated along an axis;
the annular pressure and temperature measuring unit and the formation resistivity measuring unit are arranged on the outer surface of the body, the annular pressure and temperature measuring unit comprises a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, and the formation resistivity measuring unit comprises an electromagnetic wave transmitter and an electromagnetic wave receiver;
the circuit board is arranged on the body, is electrically connected with the annular pressure and temperature measuring unit and the formation resistivity measuring unit, and comprises a data processing module and a data storage module.
Optionally, in the measuring sub, the number of the electromagnetic wave transmitters is 4, and the electromagnetic wave transmitters are divided into an upper group and a lower group along the axial direction of the body, where each group includes two; the number of the electromagnetic wave receivers is 2, the electromagnetic wave receivers are positioned between the upper and lower groups of the electromagnetic wave transmitters, and the electromagnetic wave transmitters and the electromagnetic wave receivers jointly form a set of four-transmission double-reception symmetrically-distributed antenna array.
Optionally, in the above-mentioned measuring sub, the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, the electromagnetic wave transmitter, the electromagnetic wave receiver, and/or the circuit board are embedded on the body.
A method of measuring for kick and lost circulation using a measurement sub as disclosed in any preceding claim, the body being adapted as a drill collar in a downhole drilling assembly, the method comprising:
in the drilling and tripping processes, the annulus pressure and temperature measuring unit measures the pressure and temperature of the annulus of the shaft in real time according to a preset time interval, sends the measured pressure and temperature to the circuit board, and the measured pressure and temperature are recorded into a first time database by the data storage module;
in the drilling and tripping processes, the formation resistivity measuring unit measures the resistivity of the formation passing by in real time according to the preset time interval, sends the measured resistivity to the circuit board, and the data storage module records the measured resistivity into a second time database;
the data processing module converts the first time database and the second time database into a first depth database and a second depth database respectively according to a third time database recorded by the on-site comprehensive logging instrument, wherein the first depth database corresponds to the pressure and the temperature of the shaft annulus, and the second depth database corresponds to the resistivity of the stratum.
Optionally, in the above measurement method, the measurement method further includes: and the data processing module compares the data of the second depth database in the drilling process and the tripping process, and judges the corresponding depth of the data difference in the two processes as the underground overflow and leakage position.
Optionally, in the measurement method, when the downhole overflow is overflow, the type and the invasion intensity of the invasion fluid are judged according to the change trend of the resistivity in the second depth database;
when the underground overflow leakage is leakage, calculating the leakage velocity V of the drilling fluid according to the annular pressure difference measured by the measuring short section within a static period of time, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002558128490000031
wherein V is the leak-off rate;
t1-start of rest time;
t2-ending the rest time;
p1-annulus pressure at the beginning of rest time;
p2-annulus pressure at end of rest time;
rho-drilling fluid density;
g-gravitational acceleration;
r-borehole radius.
Optionally, in the above measurement method, when the downhole overflow leak is a lost return leak, the depth h of the annular liquid level from the wellhead is calculated according to the annular pressure measured by the measurement nipplevThe calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002558128490000032
in the formula, hv-the depth of the annulus level from the wellhead;
Dv-the depth of the measuring point from the wellhead;
pv-the pressure at the measuring point;
rho-drilling fluid density;
g is the acceleration of gravity.
According to the technical scheme, the measuring nipple for the kick and the leakage is characterized in that the annular pressure and temperature measuring unit and the formation resistivity measuring unit are arranged on the outer surface of the body at the same time, the annular pressure and temperature measuring unit comprises the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor, and the formation resistivity measuring unit comprises the electromagnetic wave transmitter and the electromagnetic wave receiver, so that the measuring nipple can measure the annular temperature, the annular pressure and the formation resistivity in the drilling and tripping processes, and when the kick and the leakage occur underground, the real condition of the underground leakage can be judged in real time according to the measured annular pressure disturbance change and the annular temperature gradient change trend. If flooding occurs, the type of invasion fluid (oil, gas and water) and invasion intensity can be judged by the change trend of the formation resistivity measured while drilling. If the well leakage occurs, the leakage speed and the depth of the liquid level of the annulus from the wellhead can be calculated according to the pressure of the annulus. In conclusion, the measuring nipple provided by the invention can realize accurate measurement of well kick and leakage on a drilling site, thereby improving the quality, speed and efficiency of oil drilling and increasing the production, production and production, and protecting driving.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a measuring nipple for well kick and leakage provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a measuring nipple provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Labeled as:
1. a body; 2. a circuit board; 3. an annulus pressure temperature measurement unit; 41. an upper electromagnetic wave emitter; 42. a lower electromagnetic wave emitter; 5. an electromagnetic wave receiver.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of facilitating understanding, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the measurement nipple for the kick and the lost circulation provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a body 1, a circuit board 2, an annular pressure and temperature measurement unit 3 and a formation resistivity measurement unit. The drilling fluid runner that link up along the axis is seted up at the middle part of body 1, and annular pressure temperature measuring unit 3 and formation resistivity measuring unit all set up the surface at body 1, and wherein, annular pressure temperature measuring unit 3 includes pressure sensor and temperature sensor, and formation resistivity measuring unit includes electromagnetic wave transmitter and electromagnetic wave receiver 5. The circuit board 2 is arranged on the body 1 and comprises a data processing module and a data storage module, and the circuit board 2 is electrically connected with the annular pressure and temperature measuring unit 3 and the formation resistivity measuring unit.
In this embodiment, the number of the electromagnetic wave emitters is 4, and the electromagnetic wave emitters are divided into two groups, one group being two, along the axial direction of the body 1. As shown in fig. 1, the number of the upper electromagnetic wave emitters 41 is 2, and the number of the lower electromagnetic wave emitters 42 is 2. The number of the electromagnetic wave receivers 5 is 2, and the electromagnetic wave receivers are located between the upper and lower groups of electromagnetic wave transmitters, and the upper electromagnetic wave transmitter 41, the lower electromagnetic wave transmitter 42 and the electromagnetic wave receivers 5 jointly form a set of antenna array with four-transmission, double-receiving and symmetrical distribution.
In a specific practical application, the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, the electromagnetic wave transmitter, the electromagnetic wave receiver 5 and the circuit board 2 can be mounted on the body 1 in an embedded manner.
Based on the measuring nipple, the invention also provides a measuring method aiming at the well kick and the well leakage, when the measuring nipple is applied, the body 1 is matched and sleeved in a well drilling tool assembly as a drill collar, and the measuring method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
in the drilling and tripping processes, the annulus pressure and temperature measuring unit 3 measures the pressure and temperature of the annulus of the shaft in real time according to a preset time interval, sends the measured pressure and temperature to the circuit board 2, and records the pressure and temperature into a first time database by a data storage module;
during the drilling and the tripping process, the formation resistivity measuring unit measures the resistivity of the formation passing by according to the preset time interval in real time, sends the measured resistivity to the circuit board 2, and the measured resistivity is recorded into a second time database by the data storage module;
and the data processing module converts the first time database and the second time database into a first depth database and a second depth database respectively according to a third time database recorded by the on-site comprehensive logging instrument, wherein the first depth database corresponds to the pressure and the temperature of the shaft annulus, and the second depth database corresponds to the resistivity of the stratum.
It should be noted that, the on-site judgment of whether a kick and a lost circulation are about to occur is obtained according to the drilling fluid flow data of the ground monitoring equipment, that is, if the return amount of the drilling fluid is obviously inconsistent with the injection amount, the kick and the lost circulation are about to occur. The measurement method of the invention is not used for judging whether the well kick and the well leakage are about to occur, but is used for recording the real situation of drilling and tripping so as to make a processing strategy quickly and effectively after the well kick and the well leakage occur.
As shown in fig. 2, the measuring nipple of the present invention measures three downhole aspects, namely annulus temperature, annulus pressure and formation resistivity, in a drilling process or a lifting (i.e. tripping) process, it should be understood that abnormal gradient of annulus temperature, disturbance of annulus pressure and change of formation resistivity are all results caused by downhole spills (i.e. overflow or leakage), wherein if the downhole spills are determined to be overflow, the change trend of formation resistivity can be used to determine the type (oil, gas or water) and invasion intensity of the invaded fluid; if it is determined that the downhole leak is specifically a leak, the annulus pressure may be used to calculate the leak rate.
Specifically, when the downhole overflow leakage is leakage, the leakage velocity V of the drilling fluid is calculated according to the annular pressure difference measured by the measuring nipple within a static period of time, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002558128490000061
wherein V is the leak-off rate;
t1-start of rest time;
t2-ending the rest time;
p1-annulus pressure at the beginning of rest time;
p2-annulus pressure at end of rest time;
rho-drilling fluid density;
g-gravitational acceleration;
r-borehole radius.
Note that during this period of rest, p1And p2The annular pressure corresponding to different time points at the same measuring point position gradually decreases along with the lapse of time, so that the annular pressure at the measuring point gradually decreases, and the calculation formula can be derived according to a relational expression of the pressure and the depth and a cylindrical volume formula.
When the underground overflow leakage is lost-return leakage, it is necessary to know the depth of the annular liquid level from the wellhead in time, therefore, the measuring method provided by the inventionThe method also comprises the following steps: calculating the depth h of the annular liquid level from the wellhead according to the annular pressure measured by the measuring nipplevThe calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002558128490000062
in the formula, hv-the depth of the annulus level from the wellhead;
Dv-the depth of the measuring point from the wellhead;
pv-the pressure at the measuring point;
rho-drilling fluid density;
g is the acceleration of gravity.
In addition, D isvCan be directly obtained according to the drilling depth of the measuring short joint.
In order to find out the position of the underground overflow drain, the measuring method provided by the invention further comprises the following steps: and the data processing module compares the data of the second depth database in the drilling process and the tripping process, and judges the corresponding depth of the data difference in the two processes as the underground overflow and leakage position.
As shown in fig. 2, during drilling, a longitudinal resistivity profile of the drilled formation from top to bottom (i.e., a downward profile) is measured, when a lost circulation occurs, a longitudinal resistivity profile of the drilled formation from bottom to top (i.e., an upward profile) is measured along with the upward lifting of the drilling tool, then the downward profile is compared with the upward profile, similar to "fingerprint comparison", and the lost circulation position is determined according to the difference between two measured resistivity profile spectrograms of the downward profile and the upward profile.
When the resistivity of the drilling fluid is not greatly different from the formation resistivity of the lost layer, the formation resistivity data (namely a descending section) measured in the actual drilling process can be used as a reference datum, and a lost circulation material with the resistivity different from that of the formation of the lost layer is added as a tracer in an instructive manner in the lifting process.
In order to obtain field measurement data as soon as possible, the measurement sub of the present invention can also transmit data to a surface system via MWD (measurement while drilling) or LWD (logging while drilling).
As can be seen from the figure 2, the measuring nipple provided by the invention can measure the annular temperature, the annular pressure and the formation resistivity in the drilling and tripping processes, and when well kick and well leakage occur underground, the real situation of the underground leakage can be judged in real time according to the measured annular pressure disturbance change and the annular temperature gradient change trend. If flooding occurs, the type of invasion fluid (oil, gas and water) and invasion intensity can be judged by the change trend of the formation resistivity measured while drilling. If the well leakage occurs, the leakage speed and the depth of the liquid level of the annulus from the wellhead can be calculated according to the pressure of the annulus. In conclusion, the measuring nipple provided by the invention can realize accurate measurement of well kick and leakage on a drilling site, thereby improving the quality, speed and efficiency of oil drilling and increasing the production, production and production, and protecting driving.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to the embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (7)

1.一种针对井涌井漏的测量短节,其特征在于,包括:1. a measurement sub for kick and lost circulation, is characterized in that, comprises: 本体(1),所述本体(1)的中部开设有沿轴线贯通的钻井液流道;A main body (1), a drilling fluid flow channel penetrating along the axis is provided in the middle of the main body (1); 设置在所述本体(1)的外表面的环空压力温度测量单元(3)和地层电阻率测量单元,所述环空压力温度测量单元(3)包括压力传感器和温度传感器,所述地层电阻率测量单元包括电磁波发射器和电磁波接收器(5);An annular pressure and temperature measurement unit (3) and a formation resistivity measurement unit provided on the outer surface of the body (1), the annular pressure and temperature measurement unit (3) comprising a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, the formation resistance The rate measuring unit includes an electromagnetic wave transmitter and an electromagnetic wave receiver (5); 设置在所述本体(1)上的电路板(2),所述电路板(2)与所述环空压力温度测量单元(3)和所述地层电阻率测量单元电连接,所述电路板(2)包括数据处理模块和数据存储模块。A circuit board (2) provided on the body (1), the circuit board (2) being electrically connected with the annular pressure and temperature measurement unit (3) and the formation resistivity measurement unit, the circuit board (2) It includes a data processing module and a data storage module. 2.根据权利要求1所述的测量短节,其特征在于,所述电磁波发射器的数量为4个,且沿所述本体(1)的轴向分为上下两组,每组两个;所述电磁波接收器(5)的数量为2个,且位于上下两组所述电磁波发射器之间,所述电磁波发射器和所述电磁波接收器(5)共同组成一套四发双收、对称分布的天线阵列。2. The measuring sub-section according to claim 1, wherein the number of the electromagnetic wave transmitters is 4, and is divided into upper and lower two groups along the axial direction of the body (1), two in each group; The number of the electromagnetic wave receivers (5) is 2, and is located between the upper and lower groups of the electromagnetic wave transmitters. The electromagnetic wave transmitters and the electromagnetic wave receivers (5) together form a set of four transmitters and two receivers, Symmetrically distributed antenna array. 3.根据权利要求2所述的测量短节,其特征在于,所述压力传感器、所述温度传感器、所述电磁波发射器、所述电磁波接收器(5)和/或所述电路板(2)嵌装在所述本体(1)上。3. The measuring sub according to claim 2, characterized in that the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, the electromagnetic wave transmitter, the electromagnetic wave receiver (5) and/or the circuit board (2) ) is embedded on the body (1). 4.一种针对井涌井漏的测量方法,其特征在于,所述测量方法使用如权利要求1~3中任意一项所述的测量短节,所述本体(1)作为一根钻铤配套于下井钻具组合中,所述测量方法包括:4. A measurement method for well kick and lost circulation, characterized in that the measurement method uses the measurement sub-section according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and the body (1) is matched as a drill collar In the downhole drilling tool assembly, the measurement method includes: 在钻进和起钻过程中,所述环空压力温度测量单元(3)按照预设时间间隔实时地测量井筒环空的压力和温度,并将所测得的压力和温度发送给所述电路板(2),由所述数据存储模块记录成第一时间数据库;During drilling and tripping, the annular pressure and temperature measuring unit (3) measures the pressure and temperature of the wellbore annulus in real time according to preset time intervals, and sends the measured pressure and temperature to the circuit The board (2) is recorded as the first time database by the data storage module; 在钻进和起钻过程中,所述地层电阻率测量单元按照所述预设时间间隔实时地测量途经地层的电阻率,并将所测得的电阻率发送给所述电路板(2),由所述数据存储模块记录成第二时间数据库;During drilling and tripping, the formation resistivity measuring unit measures the resistivity of the passing formation in real time according to the preset time interval, and sends the measured resistivity to the circuit board (2), Recorded as a second time database by the data storage module; 所述数据处理模块根据现场综合录井仪记录的第三时间数据库,将所述第一时间数据库和所述第二时间数据库分别转化为第一深度数据库和第二深度数据库,所述第一深度数据库与井筒环空的压力和温度相对应,所述第二深度数据库与地层的电阻率相对应。The data processing module converts the first time database and the second time database into a first depth database and a second depth database, respectively, according to the third time database recorded by the on-site comprehensive logging instrument. The database corresponds to the pressure and temperature of the wellbore annulus, and the second depth database corresponds to the resistivity of the formation. 5.根据权利要求4所述的测量方法,其特征在于,所述测量方法还包括:所述数据处理模块将所述第二深度数据库在钻进和起钻这两个过程中的数据进行比对,并将这两个过程中出现数据差异的对应深度判断为井下溢漏位置。5 . The measurement method according to claim 4 , wherein the measurement method further comprises: the data processing module compares the data of the second depth database in the two processes of drilling and tripping. 6 . Yes, and the depth corresponding to the data difference in the two processes is judged as the location of downhole leakage. 6.根据权利要求5所述的测量方法,其特征在于,当井下溢漏具体为溢流时,通过所述第二深度数据库中电阻率的变化趋势判断侵入流体的种类及侵入强度;6. The measuring method according to claim 5, wherein when the downhole leakage is specifically overflow, the type and the intrusion intensity of the invading fluid are judged by the change trend of the resistivity in the second depth database; 当井下溢漏具体为漏失时,根据所述测量短节在静止的一段时间内所测得的环空压力差来计算钻井液的漏失速度V,计算公式为:When the downhole leakage is specifically leakage, the leakage velocity V of the drilling fluid is calculated according to the annular pressure difference measured by the measuring sub in a stationary period of time, and the calculation formula is:
Figure FDA0002558128480000021
Figure FDA0002558128480000021
式中,V—漏失速度;In the formula, V is the leakage velocity; t1—开始静止时间;t 1 —starting static time; t2—结束静止时间;t 2 —End static time; p1—开始静止时间时的环空压强;p 1 —the annular pressure at the beginning of the static time; p2—结束静止时间时的环空压强;p 2 —the annular pressure at the end of the static time; ρ—钻井液密度;ρ—drilling fluid density; g—重力加速度;g—gravity acceleration; r—井眼半径。r—wellbore radius.
7.根据权利要求6所述的测量方法,其特征在于,当井下溢漏具体为失返型漏失时,根据所述测量短节所测得的环空压力来计算环空液面距离井口的深度hv,计算公式为:7. The measuring method according to claim 6, characterized in that, when the downhole leakage is specifically a loss-of-return type, the distance between the annulus liquid level and the wellhead is calculated according to the annular pressure measured by the measurement sub-section. The depth h v is calculated as:
Figure FDA0002558128480000022
Figure FDA0002558128480000022
式中,hv—环空液面距离井口的深度;In the formula, h v - the depth of the annulus liquid level from the wellhead; Dv—测量点距离井口的深度;D v - the depth of the measurement point from the wellhead; pv—测量点的压强;p v - the pressure at the measuring point; ρ—钻井液密度;ρ—drilling fluid density; g—重力加速度。g is the acceleration of gravity.
CN202010599480.3A 2020-06-28 2020-06-28 A measuring nipple and measuring method for well kick and lost circulation Active CN113847011B (en)

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