CN103061753A - Device for measuring downhole flow while drilling and monitoring early overflow - Google Patents

Abstract

A downhole flow rate measuring device capable of measuring downhole annular space flow rate, annular space pressure and annular space temperature during drilling while monitoring early overflow. The measuring device measures the downhole annular flow rate and flow change through the ultrasonic sensor installed in the drill collar sub-joint, and measures the annular pressure and annular temperature through the pressure and temperature sensors installed inside the annular fluid guiding device. The power supply and circuit board are installed in the probe. Inside the tube, physical signals such as annular flow, pressure and temperature are converted into electrical signals by sensors, and the data is recorded, stored and uploaded through the circuit board. The measuring device is connected to the MWD through the MWD connector to upload the measured data to the ground in real time. The device has simple structure, low manufacturing cost, and long working life. Through real-time downhole data upload and comprehensive analysis and processing of ground-related data, it can identify working conditions such as downhole overflow in real time, achieve the purpose of monitoring early overflow, and effectively improve drilling efficiency. Well control security.

Description

A device for monitoring early overflow with downhole flow measurement

technical field

The invention relates to a device and a method for measuring and monitoring early overflow in an annular space while drilling, which are used for monitoring early overflow while drilling oil and gas wells. By measuring the downhole annular flow rate, pressure, temperature and wellhead inlet flow parameters while drilling, the change of the downhole annular return flow rate is monitored, so as to achieve the purpose of monitoring early overflow.

Background technique

As the exploration and development of my country's oil and gas resources continue to deepen, it has developed from conventional oil reservoirs to hidden oil reservoirs and complex oil reservoirs, from shallow to deep, and from east to west and ocean. The drilling environment has become increasingly harsh and the difficulty of drilling has been increasing Large, complex and harsh working conditions have brought new wellbore pressure control problems, especially for high-pressure gas well drilling. During the drilling process, when the formation pressure is greater than the wellbore pressure, the formation fluid will enter the wellbore. If the effective control is not carried out in time, the formation fluid will continue to enter the wellbore. First, the overflow will occur, and then there will be a well kick, and then a blowout may occur , serious and even develop into a blowout out of control. Blowout out of control is a catastrophic accident with serious nature and huge losses in drilling engineering. The prevention and control of oil and gas well overflow and blowout is an important work in the process of oil and gas drilling, and plays an important role in oil and gas exploration and development.

The most effective technical measures to deal with oil and gas well overflow and blowout problems are early monitoring/diagnosis/early warning of overflow and timely adoption of wellbore pressure control measures, while the key to prevention and control of oil and gas well overflow and blowout lies in the early stage of overflow monitor. With the increase of the well depth, the size of the wellbore becomes smaller, the kick margin decreases sharply, and the time for the kick to circulate to the wellhead is greatly shortened. Moreover, oil and gas development often requires drilling deep wells, directional wells, horizontal wells, extended-reach wells, For complex wells such as cluster wells, there are great challenges in well control during the drilling of deep slimholes and horizontal wells, and there is an urgent need for a more accurate and practical kick early monitoring and early warning system.

Since the formation fluid enters the wellbore, the performance of the drilling fluid and the return flow rate will change. Therefore, the overflow can be monitored by monitoring the change in the performance of the drilling fluid and the change in the flow rate. The conventional monitoring methods include mud pool liquid level monitoring, outlet flow monitoring, Wellbore liquid level monitoring, mud performance monitoring, etc. However, the monitoring results of conventional monitoring methods can not reflect the real situation of bottom hole overflow, and the monitoring time lags seriously, which can no longer meet the needs of early monitoring of overflow. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more accurate and real-time downhole overflow monitoring technology and methods, and the technology of downhole flow measurement and early overflow monitoring while drilling can meet this demand. The comprehensive analysis and processing of ground-related data can establish a systematic and comprehensive method for monitoring early overflow, real-time judgment of downhole overflow, and realize monitoring of downhole overflow while drilling, early warning and dynamic monitoring of overflow killing, so as to control drilling blowout The key technology of prevention will finally realize the safe, efficient and economical drilling development of oil and gas resources.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems of distortion and hysteresis of the monitoring results of the conventional monitoring method, make up for the shortcomings of the conventional monitoring method, and provide a device and method for monitoring the early overflow of the downhole annular flow rate measurement while drilling. The device can measure the flow rate, pressure, temperature and other parameters of the annulus near the drill bit while drilling. The device can be connected with MWD (Measurement While Drilling) to upload real-time downhole measured data, and comprehensively analyze and process the real-time downhole data and ground-related data. , can judge downhole overflow in real time, so as to achieve the purpose of monitoring early overflow and effectively improve the safety of drilling well control.

In order to achieve the above purpose and requirements, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A device for monitoring early overflow with downhole flow measurement, which includes a drill collar nipple, protective shell, ultrasonic sensor, lead pin, probe tube, power supply, circuit board, pressure and temperature sensors, and annulus fluid guiding device , elastic compression washer, MWD joint, etc. It is characterized in that: the outer wall of the drill collar nipple is provided with a slot matching the size of the ultrasonic sensor, and the slots are located at different positions in the direction of the same generatrix of the drill collar. An ultrasonic sensor, the ultrasonic sensor includes an ultrasonic transmitting sensor and an ultrasonic receiving sensor, and the receiving and transmitting sensor faces the direction of the liquid flow in the pipeline at an inclination angle of 45°; the power supply and the circuit board are installed inside the probe; the The ultrasonic sensor is connected to the probe tube through a lead pin lead wire, and is connected with the circuit board and the power supply; the annular fluid guiding device introduces the annular liquid into the pressure and temperature sensor to measure the pressure and temperature; the pressure and temperature The sensor is installed inside the annular fluid guiding device, and there is a small hole on the drill collar nipple, which corresponds to the small hole opened in the annular fluid guiding device, and is used to introduce the annular fluid into the annular fluid Inside the guiding device, the internal sensor is in contact with the fluid introduced from the annular space. In order to avoid the influence of the fluid in the drill string, sealing rings are installed on the upper and lower ends of the annular fluid guiding device; MWD joint connection; the annular fluid guide device, MWD joint connection, probe pipe, and centralizer are integrally connected and installed inside the drill collar nipple, and the annular fluid guide device is protected by the elastic compression gasket after installation The upper end is used to fix the axial position of the internal probe; the device for monitoring the early overflow of downhole flow measurement while drilling is connected to the MWD through the MWD joint; the downhole circuit board is connected to the ultrasonic sensor to collect and process the ultrasonic signal to obtain the frequency deviation Instantaneous flow rate, flow rate and other data can be calculated according to the measured data; the measured flow data is stored in the memory during downhole measurement, and the data can be uploaded through MWD or played back for analysis after tripping out.

A method for measuring the above-mentioned downhole flow measurement while drilling to monitor early overflow, which includes the following steps: 1) Connect the downhole flow measurement device while drilling to the MWD, run the combined drilling tool to the bottom of the well, and start the pump to drill Drilling fluid flows through the internal annulus between the drill collar nipple and the probe to the drill bit, and enters the annulus of the wellbore through the water hole of the drill bit; 2) The drilling fluid in the annulus of the borehole flows through the downhole flow measurement device while drilling. Measure annular drilling fluid flow, pressure, temperature and other data through ultrasonic sensors and circuits, and store the data in real-time to the circuit board memory, and upload the measured flow, pressure, temperature and other data through MWD at the same time; 3) Ground data receive MWD uploaded data, Combined with parameters such as surface wellhead inlet flow rate, mud pool liquid level, wellhead return flow rate, and surface operating condition data, the downhole working condition can be judged through comprehensive analysis and identification; 4) When the formation below the downhole flow measurement device in the wellbore When the formation fluid invades the wellbore, the measurement device can quickly and accurately measure the small changes in the flow rate, and upload the data through the MWD, and the system will immediately give an early warning after identification; 5) When the formation fluid in the wellbore above the downhole flow measurement device invades the wellbore Early flooding can be monitored and identified through the data collected by the ground data receiving and processing system.

Due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages: 1) The flow data measured while drilling by the downhole flow measurement device of the present invention can be located in the downhole near the drill bit, which can monitor the early overflow earlier and more accurately, Therefore, the problems of information distortion and lag in conventional testing are avoided, which is beneficial to the prevention and control of oil and gas well overflow and blowout, and reduces the risk of blowout; 2) The downhole flow measurement device described in the present invention can not only measure flow , can also measure parameters such as pressure and temperature, which is very beneficial to identify downhole overflow through comprehensive analysis of these parameters, and its monitoring accuracy is higher; Downflow measurement can be used in underbalanced drilling, managed pressure drilling, micro-flow drilling and other drilling technologies that require high wellbore pressure and flow control, and monitor wellbore pressure and flow conditions through real-time measurement data. The downhole flow measurement device while drilling according to the present invention can not only withstand harsh working conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, strong vibration, etc., but also can accurately and real-time obtain data such as downhole flow, pressure, temperature, etc. It can effectively prevent complex situations such as lost circulation, well collapse, overflow, and blowout during drilling by adjusting drilling parameters such as mud density and wellhead back pressure according to complex downhole conditions. Therefore, it can be widely used in the drilling process.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structure and basic principle diagram of the downhole flow measurement device while drilling according to the patent of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a scheme diagram of installing a pair of ultrasonic sensors in the downhole flow measurement device while drilling according to the patent of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a scheme diagram of installing three pairs of ultrasonic sensors in the downhole flow measurement device while drilling according to the patent of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a block diagram of the electrical system of the downhole flow measurement device while drilling according to the patent of the present invention.

In the figure 1. Borehole, 2. Measuring device drill collar nipple, 3. Protective casing, 4. Drill collar, 5. Drill collar, 6. Card slot, 7. Ultrasonic transmitting sensor, 8. Ultrasonic receiving sensor, 9. Lead pins, 10. Righting block, 11. Probe tube, 12. Power supply, 13. Annular space inside drill collar, 14. Circuit board, 15. Pressure and temperature sensor, 16. Annular fluid guide, 17. Elastic compression washer , 18. MWD joint, 19. Bubbles, 20. Cuttings, 101. Ultrasonic transmitting probe, 102. Ultrasonic receiving probe, 103. Pressure sensor, 104. Temperature sensor, 105. Signal conditioning, 106. Signal conditioning, 107.A /D sampling, 108. A/D sampling, 109. Band-pass filter amplification, 110. Mixer, 111. Low-pass filter, 112. Signal conditioning, 113. A/D sampling, 114. Microprocessor, 115. Data memory, 116. Serial port communication, 117. Host computer, 118. Ultrasonic generator.

Detailed ways

The implementation of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

In Fig. 1, there are slots (6) on the outer wall of the drill collar sub (2) of the downhole flow measurement device, and the slots (6) are located in two different directions in the direction of the same generatrix of the drill collar sub (2). At the position of the cross section, an ultrasonic transmitting sensor (7) and a receiving sensor (8) are installed in the card slot (6). The inclination faces the direction of liquid flow in the annular space of the wellbore, and a small pressure transmission hole is opened on the drill collar nipple (2); the probe pipe (2) is mainly installed inside the drill collar nipple (2) of the downhole flow measurement device while drilling 2), annular fluid guiding device (16), MWD joint (18) and elastic compression gasket (17), the drilling fluid circulates from the annular space (13) inside the drill collar; the probe (11) is a lower end with a centralizing block ( 10), the upper end of the probe tube (11) is connected to the annular fluid guiding device (16), the downhole power supply (12) and the circuit board (14) are installed in the probe tube (11), and the downhole power supply (12) is Downhole circuit measurement and control system, sensor power supply, the circuit board (13) is the core measurement and control system for downhole flow measurement while drilling, and the lower end of the probe tube (11) is used to center the probe tube (10). (10) The upper opening is the installation position of the lead pin (9), and the lead wire of the acoustic wave sensor is connected to the system circuit board (14) through the lead pin (9); a pressure transmission small The pressure and temperature sensors (15) are installed in the annular fluid guiding device (16). After the annular fluid guiding device (16) is installed, the pressure transmission holes on the annular fluid guiding device (16) and the drill collar The small pressure transmission hole on the pup joint (2) is used to introduce the annular fluid into the annular fluid guiding device (16) to contact the pressure and temperature sensor (15) to realize the measurement of the annular pressure and temperature. To avoid Influenced by the fluid in the drill string, a sealing ring is installed at the contact position between the upper and lower ends of the annular fluid guiding device (16) and the inner wall of the drill collar nipple (2), and the lead wires of the pressure and temperature sensors (15) are connected to the system through the inner channel of the probe tube The circuit board (14); the lower end of the MWD connector (18) is connected to the pressure transmission guide device (16), and the upper end of the MWD connector (18) is connected to the downhole probe of the MWD system to realize real-time transmission of measured data. The circuit board (14) is connected to the MWD joint through the probe tube (11) and the pressure transmission guide device (16) leading the communication line, and the MWD joint (18) can also be replaced with a blind plug. At this time, the downhole flow measurement device becomes a storage type , the data cannot be uploaded in real time; the elastic compression gasket (17) is cushioned between the upper end surface of the annular fluid guiding device (16) and the drill collar pin, and is used to fix the axial position of the internal probe tube, which can be guided according to the annular fluid The distance between the upper end surface of the device (16) and the drill collar pin is selected to be an elastic compression gasket with a suitable height; the downhole circuit board (14) is connected to the ultrasonic sensor to collect and process ultrasonic signals, and simultaneously measure pressure, temperature, etc. Accurate data, and compensate the ultrasonic received signal, calculate the instantaneous flow rate, flow rate and other data according to the measurement data, store the flow data in the memory when going downhole for measurement, the data can be uploaded through MWD, and can also be played back for analysis after pulling out of the drill hole.

In Fig. 2, there are a pair of clamping grooves on the outer wall of the drill collar sub-section (2) of the downhole flow measurement device. position, a pair of ultrasonic sensors are installed in the card slot, namely the transmitting sensor (7) and the receiving sensor (8), and the receiving and transmitting sensors are installed facing the direction of the fluid flow in the wellbore annulus at an inclination angle of 45°.

In Fig. 3, there are three pairs of clamping slots on the outer wall of the drill collar sub-joint (2) of the downhole flow measurement device while drilling. At two different cross-sectional positions, three pairs of ultrasonic sensors are installed in the card slot, three transmitting sensors (7) are installed on the lower section, and three receiving sensors (8) are installed on the upper section. The 45° inclination is installed facing the direction of liquid flow in the wellbore annulus.

In Fig. 4, the electrical system structure of the downhole flow measurement device includes two modules: the analog system module, including the ultrasonic transmitting probe (101) and receiving probe (102), pressure sensor (103), temperature sensor (104), signal Conditioning (105, 106, 112), band-pass filter amplification (109), frequency mixing circuit (110), low-pass filter (111), ultrasonic generator (118); digital system modules, including A/D sampling (107, 108, 113), microprocessor (114), data memory (115), serial communication (116) and upper computer (117). When the measurement system is working, the microprocessor (114) first controls the ultrasonic generator (118) to send an excitation signal, which drives the ultrasonic transmitting probe (101) to transmit ultrasonic waves into the fluid at an angle of 45°, and the receiver (102) will The received signal is converted into an electrical signal, and the signal is amplified after being filtered by the band-pass filter amplification (109), and the signal is then passed through the mixer (110) to obtain the frequency offset signal of the received and transmitted ultrasonic signal, which may exist after mixing For other high-frequency noise, high-frequency noise needs to be filtered out by low-pass filtering (111), and then the signal is amplified by signal conditioning (112) to facilitate conversion and sampling by A/D sampling (113); for pressure and temperature measurement, the pressure The sensor (103) and the temperature sensor (104) sense the physical quantities of pressure and temperature, and convert the physical signal into an electrical signal, and the output electrical signal is conditioned by the signal conditioning (105, 106) to facilitate A/D sampling (107, 108) for conversion And sampling; the microprocessor (114) temporarily stores the sampled data in the system cache, and stores them in the data memory (115) after being processed by the microprocessor (114), and the microprocessor (114) performs the sampled data The signal is processed, and at the same time combined with the temperature and pressure data, the ultrasonic signal can be temperature compensated to obtain the frequency offset value, and the instantaneous velocity, flow and other data can be calculated according to the measurement data, and the borehole annular pressure and temperature data are measured at the same time; The flow data is stored in the data memory (109) during downhole measurement; the MWD acts as the upper computer (117) during the measurement while drilling, and the computer acts as the upper computer (117) during the ground calibration, debugging, testing and data playback; the upper computer The computer (117) communicates with the microprocessor (114) through the serial port communication (116), and the microprocessor (114) uploads the required data through the serial port communication (116) when receiving the signal from the upper computer (117); therefore, the measured The data can be uploaded through MWD, and can also be played back and analyzed after drilling.

Claims (4)

1. One kind in drilling process, measure down-hole annular flow, annular pressure and annular space temperature with drilling well down-off measurement mechanism.It is characterized in that, described ultrasonic sensor is installed in the varying cross-section of the same generatrix direction of drill collar pipe nipple outer wall, described ultrasonic wave receives emission sensor and faces toward the mobile direction of bore hole annulus drilling fluid with 45 ° of inclination angles, described power supply, circuit board is installed on inserting tube inside, ultrasonic sensor is connected to the inserting tube interior circuit board by lead-in wire pin lead-in wire, described annular fluid guiding device is introduced the pressure and temperature sensor with annulus fluid and is carried out the pressure and temperature measurement, described inserting tube lead-in wire transmits guiding device by pressure and is connected with the MWD joint, described annular fluid guiding device, the MWD joint connects, inserting tube, it is inner to be installed in described drill collar pipe nipple behind the centralizer integrated connection, protect in annular fluid guiding device upper end fixedly inserting tube axial location by elastic compression packing ring pad after installing, measurement mechanism is connected real-time uploading data by the MWD joint with MWD.
2. 2. according to claim 1 with drilling well down-off measurement mechanism, it is characterized in that: described annular fluid guiding device is introduced the pressure and temperature sensor with annulus fluid and is carried out the pressure and temperature measurement, described pressure and temperature installation of sensors is inner at the annular fluid guiding device, and be connected with measuring circuit and measure in real time the bore hole annulus pressure and temperature, offering pressure at drill collar pipe nipple and annular fluid guiding device transmits aperture that annular fluid is introduced the annular fluid guiding device is inner, be convenient to the fluid contact measurement that internal sensor and annular space are introduced, for avoiding the impact of drill string inner fluid, at annular fluid guiding device upper and lower side and drill collar pipe nipple inwall contact position sealing ring has been installed.
3. 3. according to claim 1 with drilling well down-off measurement mechanism, it is characterized in that: described ultrasonic sensor is installed and arrangement can adopt a pair of ultrasonic sensor scheme, the three pairs of ultrasonic sensor schemes and the scheme of multiple ultrasonic sensors more, to measure down-hole annular flow and annular space changes in flow rate.
4. 4. according to claim 1 with drilling well down-off measurement mechanism, it is characterized in that: described measurement mechanism electrical system comprises simulation system and two modules of digital display circuit, microprocessor control ultrasonic transmit circuit sends pumping signal, this pumping signal drives ultrasonic transmitter and launches ultrasonic wave with 45° angle in fluid, receiver converts the signal that receives to the signal of telecommunication, after filtering, signal is amplified, mixting circuit obtains receiving and the ultrasonic signal frequency difference of launching again, through the low pass filter filters out high-frequency noise, then through signal conditioning circuit signal is amplified, signal after the amplification carries out A/D conversion and sampling for microprocessor, storage after the sampling, microprocessor is processed data signal, simultaneously in conjunction with temperature, pressure data can carry out temperature-compensating to ultrasonic signal, thereby obtain frequency offseting value, can calculate instantaneous velocity according to the instrument parameter, flow, the data such as pressure and temperature; When lower well measurements data on flows is stored in the data storage, measured data can be uploaded by MWD, and rear recovering and analysis also can pull out of hole.

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