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CN1138371A - 蒸汽发生器设备的标准喷煤嘴组件 - Google Patents

蒸汽发生器设备的标准喷煤嘴组件 Download PDF

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CN1138371A
CN1138371A CN94194604A CN94194603A CN1138371A CN 1138371 A CN1138371 A CN 1138371A CN 94194604 A CN94194604 A CN 94194604A CN 94194603 A CN94194603 A CN 94194603A CN 1138371 A CN1138371 A CN 1138371A
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R·J·滕纳罗维兹
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Abstract

喷煤嘴设备(10)包括具有入口和出口的大致圆柱形主体(12)和与主体(12)同轴安排的大致圆柱形管端部(20)。设备(10)还包括相对主体部(12)装配管端部(20)的装置，以使管端部(20)围绕和主体部(12)的直径重合的轴线运动。装配装置包括两个同轴销(18)，每个销子(18)都有配合主体(12)的轴向部分和连接管头部(20)的另一轴向部分，每个销子(18)带头部(18a)，各头部安排靠近主体部分(12)的几何中心线。各销子的轴线大体与主体(12)的直径重合。发明的某些形式中各销子(18)的头部(18a)大体呈圆柱形，装配装置包括尺寸和构形与销子(18)的头部(18a)相配合的各埋头孔(14a)。转动设备包括固定到主体(12)并带有内表面的喷嘴前部。管头部(20)可设置在邻接喷嘴前部(14)的侧面。可将埋头孔(14a)安排在喷嘴前部(14)，头部(18a)可与大致圆柱形喷嘴前部基本平齐安排，销子(18)可焊接到喷嘴前部(14)。

Description

蒸汽发生器设备的标准喷煤嘴组件
本发明涉及包括煤管道的煤运送系统，以便将粉煤运送至燃煤蒸汽发生器，更确切地说本发明涉及与该系统中供煤管道协同工作的喷煤嘴组件的结构。一般燃煤炉都设置许多导管或管道，通过这些管道将粉煤引入配置在各个垂直延伸的风箱上的多个燃料-空气输入组件。风箱安排在炉子的一个或几个壁面上，每个风箱把煤和空气送入炉子里。
将煤引入各个风箱的管道又大又笨重。通常管道上设置大的连接件或螺栓突缘，用以把轴向邻接部分的端部连接在一起。因为粉煤具有很严重的腐蚀作用，所以正常的喷嘴组件需要进行正规的维修。为实现这种维修，传统的喷嘴组件必须将其从蒸汽发生器中全部拆出来，此外还必须把大的连接件和管道移出，以便使各个喷煤嘴组件取出。在更特殊的情况下，典型的燃料喷嘴组件重达300至1300磅之间，甚至有的更重。
对具体的喷煤嘴组件进行安装或检验需花费大量的时间，因为要把各种螺栓或连接件取出来同时要把管道各部分支承起来。特别是该过程需包括将相邻的管段支承起来，将两个连接件移出来和把喷嘴取出来。在检验或更换以后，经过插入喷嘴，将连接件或螺栓装在各个突缘中以及取出各管道的支承件，必须再把系统放回在一起。因为下述三方面的原因，所以对系统的维修时间很长：(1)协同在各垂直延伸的风箱中的燃料-空气输入组件工作的喷煤嘴组件数目多，(2)单个喷嘴组件的重量和(3)连接每个喷嘴组件的管道的质量和尺寸很大。典型的炉子有10到80个单个喷嘴。更换一个喷嘴组件需要3个人花费8小时才能完成。
现有技术喷嘴组件中在维修磨损部件以前需从风箱中抽出单个的喷嘴组件。更具体地说，现有技术构件具有放入普通圆柱形组件侧面的在转动销上的可移动部分。普通圆柱形组件放在风箱内，在这里，组件壁面安排靠近销子的最外侧，并防止销子拔出。这种结构的缺点是喷嘴组件必须从风箱中全部拔出，于是才可取出销子并置换磨损零件。
本发明的主要目的是提供一种构件，使能从炉子(蒸汽发生器)的内部更换各喷嘴组件的几个部分。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种设备，该设备采用低成本的零件和劳动进行维修。
更具体的说本发明的目的是提供一种设备，该设备可用较少的人工来完成在正常工作时喷煤嘴磨损部分的更换任务。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种设备，该设备可使各喷煤嘴组件的维修更加迅速的进行，由此造成蒸汽发生器的停机时间很少。
本发明的再一目的是提供一种设备，该设备是标准设备，因此当产生磨损时，只需更换大磨损部位，换句话说，当产生磨损时，大磨损部位只限于容易替换的标准部件，而不需要更换整个组件。
本发明附加的目的是提供一种设备，该设备为了更换整个组件中的个别零件，使所需的拆卸工作减少到最低限度。
本发明还有一个目的是提供一种设备，因为只需要用很少的子配件进行更换，所以该设备更换零件所需的成本很低。
业已发现本发明的这些和其他目的可从喷煤嘴设备中达到，该设备包括具有入口和出口的大致呈圆柱形的主体和与主体基本上同轴设置的大致呈圆柱形的管头部。设备还包括相对主体部安装管头部的装置，使管头部可围绕与主体部直径重合的轴线运动。安装管头部的装置包括两个同轴的销子，每个销子都有协同主体工作的轴向部分和连接管头部的另一轴向部分，每个头部安排靠近主体部分的几何中心线附近。各销子的轴线通常与主体直径相重合。在本发明的某些形式中，各销子的头部大致呈圆柱形，安装装置包括尺寸和形状与各销子头部相配合的各个埋头孔。转动装置可包括固定到主体上并带有内表面的大致呈圆柱形的喷嘴前部。管头部可安置在邻接喷嘴前部的侧面。埋头孔可安放在喷嘴前部，头部可与大致圆柱形喷嘴前部的内表面基本上平齐，销子可焊接到喷嘴前部。
本发明的其他形式中，在不脱离本发明的构思的情况下，圆柱形的销子头部可用各种不同的形状代替。本发明的实施例中的埋头孔可由尺寸和形状适合特殊头部形状的槽来代替。
参照附图将对本发明更加清楚地理解，其中
图1：连接许多由平面视图表示的燃料喷嘴的煤粉机局部正视简图；
图2：本发明中一种形式的喷煤嘴的部件分解平面图；
图3：图2所示组装的喷煤嘴的部件分解局部平面简图；
图4：图2所示组装的喷煤嘴的局部正视简图；
图5：难以维修的现有技术构件的局部剖视平面图。
虽然本发明通过燃煤蒸汽发生器设备进行介绍，但应理解本发明的设备可应用到其他炉子设备和其他设备中。燃煤炉通常设置许多将在炉内燃烧的粉煤引入的导管或管道。粉煤和一次空气通常被引入安排在各垂直延伸的风箱中的许多燃料-空气输入组件。风箱设置在炉子的一个或几个壁面上。惯用的方法是在那些燃料-空气输入组件中提供二次空气阻尼器，以便控制燃烧过程中的空气量。
现在参照图5，图中表示现有技术中的燃料喷嘴组件110。燃料喷嘴组件110包括在销子114、114上可转动的管头112。销子114，114由风箱116的邻接壁而夹持定位。为取出销子114，114，这种设备需要移出整个的喷嘴组件110，部分是因为许多喷嘴组件110的重量和尺寸很大，这是该设备的主要缺点。
现在参看图1，图中表示本发明采用的设备。该设备包括给炉子2提供粉煤机1。借助于各导管4，4，4，4，将粉煤从煤粉机1中传导至炉子2。各导管上设立小孔6以平衡各导管中的流动。
出口管4的轴向部分被安排以相邻的同轴端形式。虽然其他形状的横截面如方形或其他多角形也可被采用，但通常出口管4为圆柱形。
现在参照图1至4，图中表示本发明最佳形式的喷嘴组件10。用螺柱或起重螺杆把喷煤组件10固定，以对准定位喷嘴组件在炉子的煤仓中并牢牢锁定喷嘴组件。
喷嘴组件10包括一个长形的基本上是一导管的喷煤嘴主体12。喷嘴主体12的左端(如图所示)是与喷煤嘴前端14相配合的突缘。喷嘴前端14的形状，至少在图4的正视图上看；是带会聚轴部分和离散轴部分的传统喷嘴构形。为产生转动而安装在喷嘴前端14上的是可运动的主体部分16。可运动的主体部分16装配在各同轴销18上。
虽然喷煤嘴主体12，可运动的主体部分16和可更换的管头部分20的形状，通过对平面视图和正视图进行比较这些元件不是真正的圆柱形，另外，虽然各个外形接近于圆柱体形状而且每个元件常有轴线或中心线以及直径或多条径向延伸线，但上述三个元件的形状可认为是普通圆柱形，附图中所示的喷煤嘴主体12和可运动的主体部分16基本上是同轴的。应理解到可运动主体部分16的转动动作可转动主体部分16瞬时定位处于和主体12不同轴的位置。可看出可运动主体部分16配置在邻接喷嘴前部14的侧面。
销子18包括大致为圆柱形的头部18a。喷煤嘴前部14设置同轴的对置孔14a，孔14a包含一个在其内侧轴线端部的埋头孔。各孔14a的每个埋头孔部分的尺寸和形状都和相连的销子18头部18a一致。因此可看出，装配时各销子18都分别与喷嘴前部14的内表面平齐，所以对流过喷煤嘴组件10的煤不存在阻塞的现象。各销子18延伸通过喷煤嘴前部14壁面上的孔14a，并配合可运动主体部分16中的邻接孔16a的同轴端部。一般将各销子18的头部18a焊接到喷嘴前部14上。通常每个销子18有一轴线，该轴线和喷嘴前部14和可运动主体部分16的直径一致重合。
可拆卸的管头部分20固定到主体部分16。附图中管头部分20也呈大致圆柱形，并与主体部分16同轴。通常这两部分焊接在一起。在某些情况下这两部分的接合是在设备最终装配和操作的工作地点进行。
分裂叶片通过主体部分16和管头部分20延伸引导煤粉流过喷嘴组件。重量大的零件有必要设置辊子22，将主体部分12放在辊子22上，因此固定主体12以前使主体12移动到一定位置。
在传统的方式中，典型的炉子包括许多这种喷嘴组件，并带有机械地连接或接合在一起的主体部分16。在几个正视图上机械连接件接合许多喷嘴组件10的各主体部分16。各喷嘴组件同步运动以便在炉内提供最佳的燃烧工况。可以看出本发明的实施例中的设备可达到这种同步运动。使各喷煤嘴管头产生同步运动的机构包括杆臂24。
对于本领域的普通技术人员将认识到本发明的设备，而且本发明的设备能容易地更换在炉内正常作出磨损的主要部件的组件。关于这方面与现有技术中的设备相反，现有技术中的设备在拆卸喷嘴组件110以前，需要从炉子里取出整个的喷嘴组件110。
应理解到在发明的某些实施例中，可配合提供密封作用的传统密封板(未图示)设置在喷嘴前部14和可运动的主体部分16之间。本申请中没有描述这种结构，对本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明主题的条件下可把这种密封板设置在说明的实施例中。
为达到较长的耐久寿命，本发明的设备部件由较厚材料制作，喷煤嘴14可由陶瓷或铸造材料制作，喷煤嘴前部可以铸造或用3/4英寸或1英寸壁厚的碳钢或不锈钢板制作。
本发明已参照所述的最佳实施例进行介绍。熟悉这种装置的技术人员可发掘本文内容设想另外的变型。如头部18a显示为圆柱形，本技术领域的人员应理解，头部18a可以是其他形状如方形、矩形、锥形或其他形状。在本文实施例中埋头孔可用尺寸和构形与各头部对应的槽代替。由于通常装置10从炉侧(图示左侧)拆卸，头部18a或等同的形状将安排在销子18的里侧端部。这种或其他种变形都视为包含在公开的内容中，本发明只由下述的权利要求书划定界限。

Claims (15)

1.一种喷煤嘴设备，包括：
具有出口和入口的大致呈圆柱形主体；
与所述主体基本上同轴安排的大致呈圆柱形的管头部分；
相对所述主体部分装配所述管头部分的装置，以使所述管头部分围绕与所述主体部分直径大体上一致的轴线运动，所述装配装置包括两个共轴线销子，所述每个销子都有配合所述主体的轴向部分和连接所述管头部分的另一轴向部分，每个销子带头部，所述头部被配置在靠近所述主体部分的几何中心线，每个所述销子都有大致与所述主体的直径一致的轴线。
2.按照权利要求1的设备，其特征是每个销子的头部大致呈圆柱形。
3.按照权利要求2的设备，其特征是所述装配装置，包括尺寸和构形与各个所述销子头部相配合的各个埋头孔。
4.按照权利要求3的设备，其特征是所述装配装置包括大致呈圆柱形的喷嘴前部，所述喷嘴前部固定到所述主体上，并具有内表面。
5.按照权利要求4的设备，其特征是所述管头部分安排在邻接所述喷嘴前部的侧面。
6.按照权利要求5的设备，其特征是所述埋头孔安排在所述喷嘴前部。
7.按照权利要求6的设备，其特征是所述头部与所述圆柱喷嘴前部的内表面基本上平齐。
8.按照权利要求7的设备，其特征是所述销子每个都焊接到所述喷嘴前部。
9.按照权利要求1的设备，其特征是每个销子的头部都大于销子的其他轴向部分。
10.按照权利要求9的设备，其特征是所述装配装置包括尺寸和构形与所述销子的各头部相配合的各个槽孔。
11.按照权利要求10的设备，其特征是所述装配装置包括大致呈圆柱形的喷嘴前部，所述喷嘴前部固定到所述主体上，并具有内表面。
12.按照权利要求11的设备，其特征是所述管头部分是安排在邻接所述喷嘴前部的侧面。
13.按照权利要求12的设备，其特征是所述槽孔安置在所述喷嘴前部。
14.按照权利要求13的设备，其特征是所述头部与所述大致圆柱形喷嘴前部的内表面基本平齐。
15.按照权利要求13的设备，其特征是所述销子每个都焊接到所述喷嘴前部。
CN94194603A 1993-12-22 1994-09-29 蒸汽发生器设备的标准喷煤嘴组件 Expired - Fee Related CN1052788C (zh)

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US08/171,810 US5435492A (en) 1993-12-22 1993-12-22 Modular coal nozzle assembly for vapor generation apparatus
PCT/US1994/010996 WO1995017629A1 (en) 1993-12-22 1994-09-29 Modular coal nozzle assembly for vapor generation apparatus

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KR100219312B1 (ko) 1999-09-01
EP0736156A1 (en) 1996-10-09
CA2176755A1 (en) 1995-06-29
DE69427993D1 (de) 2001-09-20
PT736156E (pt) 2002-02-28
DE69427993T2 (de) 2002-04-11
CN1052788C (zh) 2000-05-24
ES2162625T3 (es) 2002-01-01
EP0736156B1 (en) 2001-08-16

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