CN113790941A - Method and system for sampling soil leaching solution applied to forest land of urban domestic sludge product - Google Patents
Method and system for sampling soil leaching solution applied to forest land of urban domestic sludge product Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of treatment of urban domestic sludge products, and discloses a method and a system for sampling an urban domestic sludge product by applying a soil leaching solution to a forest land. The system comprises a simulated rainwater input device, a leaching column and a leaching solution collecting device; the simulated rainwater input device comprises a simulated rainwater storage device and a peristaltic pump; the simulated rainwater storage equipment, the peristaltic pump, the leaching column and the leaching solution collecting device are sequentially connected. By utilizing the system and the method provided by the invention to simulate natural rainfall conditions, collect sampled leaching solution and determine the relevant indexes of the leaching solution to research the influence of different sludge application amounts on the groundwater environment, the system and the method have important significance for predicting potential environmental pollution risks after sludge application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of treatment of urban domestic sludge products, and particularly relates to a method and a system for sampling an urban domestic sludge product applied soil leaching solution in a forest land.
Background
The urban domestic sludge is a product in the sewage purification treatment process, and the discharge amount of sewage is increased year by year along with the continuous increase of population in China and the acceleration of the urbanization process, so that the yield of the discharged sewage is greatly increased. Annual production increases from 3.1 to 405 million tons in 2007. Because the sludge after the urban industry and domestic sewage treatment contains a large amount of toxic organic matters, pathogenic microorganisms, heavy metals and the like, secondary pollution to the environment can be caused if the sludge is not properly treated.
The land utilization of the urban domestic sludge means that the treated urban domestic sludge product is used as a nutrient substance for agriculture, landscaping, forestry and the like. The sludge contains a large amount of nutrient substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, some trace elements and the like, and can play roles in improving the soil fertility, improving the soil property and the like. The related technical policy regulations for sludge land use started earlier abroad, and sludge land use was encouraged in the uk, the us and many eu countries to make the proportion of this disposal method rise continuously and maintain a high level. In areas with high proportion of low-yield and medium-yield soil, the sludge is applied to the soil, so that the sludge treatment problem is solved, the soil texture can be improved, and the reasonable circulation of nutrient substances is realized, but due to the particularity of the urban domestic sludge source, whether heavy metal pollution is caused after the sludge is applied to the soil or not is an important problem concerned by people. The current land utilization of sludge is a disposal method which is most suitable for areas with higher proportion of low-yield soil, and the monitoring and control of pollutants in the sludge are enhanced, so that the method is an important measure for better realizing the resource utilization of the sludge.
After the sludge is applied, some harmful trace elements such as heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sludge are leached and separated under the action of rainwater, soil pH and other conditions, so that the underground water is possibly polluted by the heavy metals, and the underground water is influenced by different heavy metals to different degrees, so that the underground water environment detection needs to be carried out on the land where the sludge is applied in a period of large precipitation amount and high rainfall frequency. However, collecting leaching underground water under natural conditions has uncontrollable performance and higher difficulty, and in the past, effective leaching solution detection samples cannot be obtained by directly digging holes in forest lands for sampling or installing devices underground in the forest lands, and destructive influence is caused on the forest land soil, so that a method and a system for applying soil leaching solution sampling to the forest lands of urban domestic sludge products are urgently needed to be provided at present, and the difficulty of obtaining the leaching solution is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a system for sampling soil leaching solution applied to a forest land of a municipal domestic sludge product, aiming at the defects of the prior art. By utilizing the system and the method provided by the invention to simulate natural rainfall conditions, collect sampled leaching solution and determine the relevant indexes of the leaching solution to research the influence of different sludge application amounts on the groundwater environment, the system and the method have important significance for predicting potential environmental pollution risks after sludge application.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides, in one aspect, a soil leaching solution sampling system for urban domestic sludge product woodland application, the system including a simulated rainwater input device, a leaching column and a leaching solution collecting device;
the simulated rainwater input device comprises a simulated rainwater storage device and a peristaltic pump;
the simulated rainwater storage equipment, the peristaltic pump, the leaching column and the leaching solution collecting device are sequentially connected.
In the present invention, preferably, the leaching solution collecting device includes a funnel and a beaker. The simulated rainwater storage equipment, the peristaltic pump, the leaching column, the funnel and the beaker are sequentially connected.
According to the invention, preferably, the leaching column is cylindrical, and a sludge and soil mixing layer, a soil layer and an anti-seepage filtering layer are sequentially arranged in the leaching column from top to bottom; the peristaltic pump is connected with the sludge and soil mixed layer; the leaching solution collecting device is connected with the impermeable filtering layer.
According to the invention, preferably, the wall thickness of the cylinder body of the leaching column is 2-3mm, the diameter is 20-30cm, the height is 1.2-1.3m, the height of the sludge and soil mixed layer is 15-20cm, the height of the soil layer is 80-85cm, and the height of the impermeable filtering layer is 15-25 cm.
According to the invention, preferably, the material of the cylinder body of the leaching column is PVC material.
According to the invention, preferably, an anti-overflow structure is further arranged above the sludge and soil mixing layer in the leaching column, and the peristaltic pump is connected with the anti-overflow structure.
According to the invention, preferably, the impermeable and filtering layer is provided with a quartz sand layer and a nylon gauze in sequence from top to bottom. The nylon gauze is used for playing prefilter's effect to drenching solution, and the quartz sand that the nylon gauze top was filled is used for preventing soil from flowing along with drenching solution drenches and dissolves the post.
According to the present invention, it is preferable that the grain size of the silica sand layer is 3 to 5 mm.
According to the invention, the particle size of the nylon gauze is preferably 250-350 meshes.
The invention also provides a sampling method of the soil leaching solution applied to the urban domestic sludge product forest land, which adopts the sampling system of the soil leaching solution applied to the urban domestic sludge product forest land and comprises the following steps:
and (3) controlling simulated rainwater through the peristaltic pump, sending the simulated rainwater storage equipment to the top end of the leaching column, collecting the leaching solution flowing out of the bottom end of the leaching column by using the leaching solution collecting device, and testing the content of heavy metal in the leaching solution after no leaching solution flows out of the bottom end of the leaching column.
In the invention, the method for testing the content of the heavy metals in the leaching solution is carried out according to the method in GB/T-148482017 underground water quality standard.
According to the present invention, preferably, the preparation method of the leaching column comprises the following steps:
s1: arranging the nylon gauze at the bottom end of a leaching column, and filling the quartz sand above the nylon gauze in the leaching column to obtain an anti-seepage filter layer;
s2: taking out soil layer by layer at multiple points from the ground to the underground at every 0-20cm in a forest land without application of urban domestic sludge products, filling the taken out soil above the anti-seepage filter layer in the leaching column, and sequentially compacting and wetting to obtain the soil layer; in the invention, as a preferred scheme, in a forest land without application of urban domestic sludge products, taking soil layer by layer at multiple points from the ground to the underground according to the depth of every 20cm, filling the taken soil above the anti-seepage filter layer in the leaching column, compacting each layer of soil, particularly compacting the soil on the cylinder wall of the leaching column, reducing the wall leaching effect to the greatest extent, wetting each layer of compacted soil with water immediately after compaction, reducing soil gaps, and enabling the soil to reach the saturated water content to obtain the soil layer.
S3: and selecting the ground soil of the forest land without the urban domestic sludge product, uniformly mixing the ground soil with the urban domestic sludge product, filling the ground soil above the soil layer in the leaching column, and compacting to obtain the sludge and soil mixed layer so as to obtain the leaching column.
According to the present invention, preferably, the simulated rainwater is underground well water.
According to the invention, preferably, the amount of the simulated rainwater is determined according to the rainfall intensity of the area where the test forest land is published by the China Meteorological network.
According to the present invention, preferably, the flow rate of the simulated rainwater delivered from the simulated rainwater storage facility to the top end of the leaching column is 1-1.2 mm/h.
In the present invention, the test forest land refers to a forest land to which no town domestic sludge product is applied.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. by utilizing the system and the method provided by the invention to simulate natural rainfall conditions, collect the sampled leaching solution and determine the relevant indexes of the leaching solution to research the influence of different sludge application amounts on the groundwater environment, the system and the method have important significance for predicting potential environmental pollution risks after sludge application, and have high reliability.
2. The soil detection sample and the leaching column can be conveniently replaced and can be repeatedly used, and the problem that the detection sample is difficult to obtain due to the fact that long-term monitoring is needed in production is solved conveniently. The rainfall data published by China meteorological networks in the past year is collected to adjust the simulated leaching solution parameters, so that the leaching solution under various rainfall conditions can be obtained at any time, and the detection efficiency is greatly improved.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in more detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which like reference numerals generally represent like parts throughout.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a sampling system for applying a soil leaching solution to a forest land of a town domestic sludge product, which is provided by the embodiment 1 of the invention.
The reference numerals are explained below:
1-simulating a rainwater storage facility; 2-a peristaltic pump; 4-a funnel; 5-beaker; 6-anti-overflow structure; 7-a sludge and soil mixed layer; 8-a soil layer; 9-quartz sand layer; 10-nylon gauze.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. While the following describes preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a sampling system for applying a leaching solution to soil in a forest land of a town domestic sludge product, which comprises a simulated rainwater input device, a leaching column and a leaching solution collecting device, as shown in fig. 1;
the simulated rainwater input device comprises a simulated rainwater storage device 1 and a peristaltic pump 2;
the leaching solution collecting device comprises a funnel 4 and a beaker 5;
the simulated rainwater storage equipment 1, the peristaltic pump 2, the leaching column, the funnel 4 and the beaker 5 are connected in sequence.
The leaching column is cylindrical, the wall thickness of a cylinder body of the leaching column is 2mm, the diameter of the cylinder body is 20cm, the height of the cylinder body is 1.3m, and the cylinder body is made of PVC materials; an anti-overflow structure 6, a sludge and soil mixing layer 7, a soil layer 8 and an anti-seepage filter layer are sequentially arranged in the leaching column from top to bottom; the height of the anti-overflow structure 6 is 10cm, the height of the sludge and soil mixed layer 7 is 20cm, the height of the soil layer 8 is 80cm, and the height of the anti-seepage filter layer is 20 cm;
the anti-seepage filter layer is sequentially provided with a quartz sand layer 9 and a nylon gauze 10 from top to bottom; the particle size of the quartz sand layer 9 is 3-5mm, and the particle size of the nylon gauze 10 is 300 meshes.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for sampling a soil leaching solution applied to a forest land of a municipal domestic sludge product.
The test forest land of the method of the embodiment is a yellow upturned nursery garden in the area of daxing in Beijing, and the test tree species is 18-year-old Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis). Adopting random block experiment, setting the application amount of urban domestic sludge product to 6 levels, namely CK (0 kg/m)2)，T1(1kg/m2)，T2(2kg/m2)，T3(3kg/m2)，T4(4kg/m2)，T5(5kg/m2) 3 replicates, 18 test cells. The trees in the plot are planted at intervals of 2 x 3m, and the area of each experimental plot is 200m2. And uniformly spreading the urban domestic sludge product in a sample according to each level by adopting a spreading method, and then carrying out rotary tillage. The present method completes the tasks of spreading and rotary tillage of all land parcels.
The method adopts the system for sampling the soil leaching solution applied to the urban domestic sludge product forest land in the embodiment 1, and comprises the following steps:
underground well water of the pinus sylvestris land is used as simulated rainwater and is placed in the simulated rainwater storage device 1, the simulated rainwater is controlled by the peristaltic pump 2, and the simulated rainwater is conveyed to the top end of the eluviation column at the speed of 1.04 mm/h. And (3) collecting the leaching solution by a funnel 4 and a beaker 5 below the nylon gauze 10 of the leaching column, and testing the content of the heavy metal in the leaching solution after no leaching solution flows out of the bottom end of the leaching column.
The amount of the simulated rainwater is determined according to the rainfall intensity of the great-rise area published by the China weather network, namely 20mm/24h, and the rainfall is continuously simulated for 12 days;
the preparation method of the leaching column comprises the following steps:
s1: arranging the nylon gauze 10 at the bottom end of a leaching column, and filling the quartz sand above the nylon gauze 10 in the leaching column to obtain an anti-seepage filter layer;
s2: taking soil layer by layer at multiple points from the ground to the underground at every 20cm in a Chinese pine forest land without applying urban domestic sludge products, filling the taken soil above the anti-seepage filter layer in the leaching column, compacting each layer of soil, particularly compacting the wall soil of the leaching column, reducing the wall leaching effect to the greatest extent, wetting each layer of compacted soil immediately with water, reducing soil gaps, and enabling the soil to reach the saturated water content to obtain a soil layer 8;
s3: selecting the ground soil of the Chinese pine forest land without the urban domestic sludge product, uniformly mixing the ground soil with the urban domestic sludge product, filling the ground soil above the soil layer in the leaching column, and compacting to obtain the sludge and soil mixed layer 7 and further obtain the leaching column.
In this example, when the amount of the municipal sludge product is T5(5 kg/m)2) And selecting a mixture of soil and sludge which is 20cm from the ground to the underground of the test cell after rotary tillage, namely selecting the ground soil of the forest land without the urban domestic sludge product and the urban domestic sludge product in a mass ratio of 56: 1. When the application amount of the urban domestic sludge product is T4(4 kg/m)2)、T3(3kg/m2)、T2(2kg/m2)、T1(1kg/m2) The above-described rule is followed.
The method for testing the content of the heavy metals in the leaching solution is carried out according to the method in GB/T-148482017 underground water quality standard. The test results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
As can be seen from Table 1, the contents of zinc, chromium, lead and cadmium in the leaching solution sampled by the method and the system of the invention are not specific values because the contents are lower than the detection limit, but the detection limit is far lower than the class III water standard of the underground water quality standard. Compared with the background value of underground water, the leaching solution treated by the application amount level of the domestic sludge products in various towns has a tendency of increasing copper, mercury and arsenic. The copper content of underground water after passing through a leaching column is increased by more than 4 times no matter whether the copper content is treated at the application amount level of the urban domestic sludge product or not, and the copper content has a tendency of decreasing with the increase of the application amount of the urban domestic sludge product, but has small fluctuation. The mercury content in the underground water also rises after passing through the leaching column, the mercury content detected in the leaching solution treated by T1 is lower than the background value of the underground water, but the mercury content reaches the maximum of 5.67 multiplied by 10 under the treatment of T3-4mu.g/L. The arsenic content of the leaching solution is similar to that of a control group under the condition of the application amount level treatment of each town domestic sludge product, and the town domestic sludge product has small influence on the arsenic content of the leaching solution. It can be seen that the measured values of the respective heavy metals are below the class III standards specified in the standards, which are mainly applicable to industrial and agricultural waters.
Seven heavy metals in the conventional indexes in the groundwater quality standard (GB-14848-supplement 2017) set by China comprise copper, zinc, chromium, lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic, and by detecting leachate generated by simulating natural rainfall, the content of the seven heavy metals in the leachate under the treatment of the application amount level of each urban domestic sludge product is far less than the agricultural water standard limit specified in the standard, and the change range of the content of the heavy metals in the leachate under the treatment of the application amount level of each urban domestic sludge product is smaller, so that the influence of the application sludge product on the content of the seven heavy metals in shallow groundwater is small.
TABLE 1 content of heavy metals in the treatment leach solution for different application levels of municipal sludge products
As can be seen from Table 2, in addition to eight heavy metals, the increase of the application amount of urban domestic sludge products is also found to lead the numerical value of nitrate nitrogen and total hardness in the soil leaching solution to be continuously increased, which is probably related to the high content of salt-based ions in the sludge. In addition, the indexes of iron, manganese, aluminum, total coliform bacteria, fluoride and selenium partially exceed the class III water standard of the underground water quality standard, but the indexes are found to be influenced by the background value of underground water and soil, and the indexes can be effectively reduced along with the increase of the application amount of sludge, so that the pollution risk is reduced. The detection values of the residual indexes are far lower than the grade III standard mainly applicable to industrial and agricultural water. The short-term application of sludge has less pollution risk to the groundwater environment.
TABLE 2-1 content of other indexes in the treated lower leaching solution according to the application amount level of domestic sludge products in different towns
TABLE 2-2 content of other indexes in the treated lower leaching solution according to the application amount level of domestic sludge products in different towns
TABLE 2-3 contents of other indexes in the treated lower leaching solution according to the application amount levels of different urban domestic sludge products
TABLE 2-4 contents of other indexes in the treated lower leaching solution according to the application amount levels of different urban domestic sludge products
TABLE 2-5 contents of other indexes in the treated lower leaching solution according to the application amount levels of different urban domestic sludge products
As can be seen from the tables 1 and 2, by collecting the leaching solution under the condition of simulating natural rainfall by using the system and the method of the invention and carrying out heavy metal detection, the influence of short-term forest land sludge utilization on the underground water heavy metal environment can be evaluated.
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.
Claims (10)
1. A sampling system for applying a leaching solution to the forest land of a municipal domestic sludge product is characterized by comprising a simulated rainwater input device, a leaching column and a leaching solution collecting device;
the simulated rainwater input device comprises a simulated rainwater storage device and a peristaltic pump;
the simulated rainwater storage equipment, the peristaltic pump, the leaching column and the leaching solution collecting device are sequentially connected.
2. The system for sampling the soil leaching solution applied to the urban domestic sludge product woodland as claimed in claim 1, wherein the leaching column is cylindrical, and a sludge and soil mixing layer, a soil layer and an impermeable filtering layer are sequentially arranged in the leaching column from top to bottom; the peristaltic pump is connected with the sludge and soil mixed layer; the leaching solution collecting device is connected with the impermeable filtering layer.
3. The system for sampling the soil leaching solution applied to the urban domestic sludge product woodland as claimed in claim 2, wherein the barrel of the leaching column has a wall thickness of 2-3mm, a diameter of 20-30cm and a height of 1.2-1.3m, the height of the sludge and soil mixed layer is 15-20cm, the height of the soil layer is 80-85cm, and the height of the anti-seepage filtering layer is 15-25 cm.
4. The system for sampling urban domestic sludge product woodland application soil leaching solution according to claim 2, wherein the material of the cylinder of the leaching column is PVC material.
5. The sampling system for the urban domestic sludge product woodland application soil leaching solution according to claim 2 or 3, wherein an anti-overflow structure is further arranged above the sludge and soil mixing layer in the leaching column, and the peristaltic pump is connected with the anti-overflow structure.
6. The town domestic sludge product woodland application soil leaching solution sampling system of claim 2 or 3, wherein the seepage-proofing filter layer is provided with a quartz sand layer and a nylon gauze in sequence from top to bottom;
preferably, the particle size of the quartz sand layer is 3-5 mm;
preferably, the particle size of the nylon gauze is 250-350 meshes.
7. A sampling method of urban domestic sludge product woodland application soil leaching solution is characterized in that the method adopts the urban domestic sludge product woodland application soil leaching solution sampling system of any claim 1-6, and comprises the following steps:
and (3) controlling simulated rainwater through the peristaltic pump, sending the simulated rainwater storage equipment to the top end of the leaching column, collecting the leaching solution flowing out of the bottom end of the leaching column by using the leaching solution collecting device, and testing the content of heavy metal in the leaching solution after no leaching solution flows out of the bottom end of the leaching column.
8. The method for sampling a soil leaching solution applied to the forest land of urban domestic sludge products according to claim 7, wherein the preparation method of the leaching column comprises the following steps:
s1: arranging the nylon gauze at the bottom end of a leaching column, and filling the quartz sand above the nylon gauze in the leaching column to obtain an anti-seepage filter layer;
s2: taking out soil layer by layer at multiple points from the ground to the underground at every 0-20cm in a forest land without application of urban domestic sludge products, filling the taken out soil above the anti-seepage filter layer in the leaching column, and sequentially compacting and wetting to obtain the soil layer;
s3: and selecting the ground soil of the forest land without the urban domestic sludge product, uniformly mixing the ground soil with the urban domestic sludge product, filling the ground soil above the soil layer in the leaching column, and compacting to obtain the sludge and soil mixed layer so as to obtain the leaching column.
9. The method for sampling soil leaching solution for use in urban domestic sludge production forestry according to claim 7, wherein the flow rate of the simulated rainwater delivered from the simulated rainwater storage facility to the top end of the leaching column is 1-1.2 mm/h.
10. The method for sampling town domestic sludge product woodland application soil drench as claimed in claim 7, wherein,
the simulated rainwater is underground well water;
the amount of the simulated rainwater is determined according to the rainfall intensity of the area where the test forest land is published by the China Meteorological network.
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