CN113789923A - Light prefabricated staircase and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Light prefabricated staircase and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113789923A CN113789923A CN202111026126.2A CN202111026126A CN113789923A CN 113789923 A CN113789923 A CN 113789923A CN 202111026126 A CN202111026126 A CN 202111026126A CN 113789923 A CN113789923 A CN 113789923A
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011381 foam concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 104
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 43
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 43
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 43
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- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 43
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
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Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
- E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C5/00—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions
- B28C5/38—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions wherein the mixing is effected both by the action of a fluid and by directly-acting driven mechanical means, e.g. stirring means ; Producing cellular concrete
- B28C5/381—Producing cellular concrete
- B28C5/386—Plants; Systems; Methods
- B28C5/388—Methods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C5/00—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions
- B28C5/40—Mixing specially adapted for preparing mixtures containing fibres
- B28C5/402—Methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
- C04B18/027—Lightweight materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/02—Treatment
- C04B20/023—Chemical treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/10—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by using foaming agents or by using mechanical means, e.g. adding preformed foam
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
- E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
- E04F11/022—Stairways; Layouts thereof characterised by the supporting structure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
- E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
- E04F11/09—Tread-and-riser units
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
- E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
- E04F2011/0203—Miscellaneous features of stairways not otherwise provided for
- E04F2011/0205—Stairways characterised by the use of specific materials for the supporting structure of the treads
- E04F2011/021—Stairways characterised by the use of specific materials for the supporting structure of the treads mainly of stone or stone like materials, e.g. concrete; mainly of glass
- E04F2011/0212—Stairways characterised by the use of specific materials for the supporting structure of the treads mainly of stone or stone like materials, e.g. concrete; mainly of glass mainly of concrete
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Steps, Ramps, And Handrails (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a lightweight prefabricated staircase which is light in weight and good in strength. The utility model provides a light-duty prefabricated staircase, includes concrete stair main part and locates the board-like combination skeleton in the concrete stair main part, the concrete stair main part is formed by the pouring of foaming concrete, board-like combination skeleton includes bottom plate, a plurality of backup pads and a plurality of connecting plate, and a plurality of backup pads set up on the bottom plate surface along bottom plate length direction in succession, and a plurality of backup pads set up on the bottom plate surface along bottom plate width direction interval, and a plurality of connecting plates set up and intersect with a plurality of backup pads along bottom plate length direction interval, and every backup pad surface and every connecting plate surface all are equipped with the unit hole of a plurality of equipartitions. The invention forms effective support for each step plate part on the concrete stair main body through the plate type combined framework, and avoids the reduction of the compression strength, the bending strength and the impact strength caused by the absence of the framework support in the step plates poured by the foamed concrete.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a stair and a manufacturing method thereof, in particular to a lightweight prefabricated stair and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The prefabricated staircase is an important prefabricated component type in an assembled concrete structure and is mainly divided into a prefabricated beam type staircase and a prefabricated plate type staircase. The prefabricated beam type staircase consists of a ladder sloping beam and step boards, wherein the step boards are supported on the ladder sloping beam, and the ladder sloping beam is supported on platform beams at two ends of the staircase. The platform beam and the inclined ladder beam are formed by casting in situ, and the step plate is completely prefabricated. The prefabricated plate type stair is integrally prefabricated with a stair sloping beam and a step plate, and is directly overlapped on a platform beam during construction, the reinforcement of the plate type stair is simpler, a layer of reinforcement cage is usually laid below the step plate, and the reinforcement is not arranged inside the step plate.
The reinforcement cage of the prefabricated plate type stair plays a role of a stair framework, and the processing method comprises the following steps: firstly, straightening, cutting and processing a reinforcing steel bar into a straight bar, then bending the reinforcing steel bar to obtain a single bent reinforcing steel bar, and finally binding the bent reinforcing steel bar and a main reinforcement to connect the bent reinforcing steel bar and the main reinforcement together to obtain the reinforcement cage.
In the course of working of steel reinforcement cage, workman's intensity of labour is great, and efficiency is lower, and the ligature can only be gone on by the manual work, and steel reinforcement cage's reinforcing bar interval is difficult to control, and too big interval deviation causes the reinforcing bar cage atress inhomogeneous, influences prefabricated stair product quality.
In addition, in order to pursue the lightweight stair, mostly set up the lightening hole in the step board, or adopt the foaming cement to make the step board, these methods all produce certain influence to the compressive strength, bending strength and the impact strength of stair, do not contribute to the long-term use of stair, also do not contribute to the security of building.
Therefore, research and development of a novel lightweight prefabricated staircase have great significance to the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lightweight prefabricated staircase with light weight and good strength, which solves the problems in the background art.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a prefabricated staircase that is lightweight.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the utility model provides a light-duty prefabricated staircase, includes concrete stair main part and locates the board-like combination skeleton in the concrete stair main part, the concrete stair main part is formed by the pouring of foaming concrete, board-like combination skeleton includes bottom plate, a plurality of backup pads and a plurality of connecting plate, and a plurality of backup pads set up on the bottom plate surface along bottom plate length direction in succession, and a plurality of backup pads set up on the bottom plate surface along bottom plate width direction interval, and a plurality of connecting plates set up and intersect with a plurality of backup pads along bottom plate length direction interval, and every backup pad surface and every connecting plate surface all are equipped with the unit hole of a plurality of equipartitions.
Preferably, the supporting plate is an inverted trapezoidal steel plate, the trapezoidal edge of the supporting plate is connected with the surface of the bottom plate, two side edges, adjacent to the trapezoidal edge, of the supporting plate are respectively provided with an inner folding edge groove and an outer folding edge groove, and the shapes of the inner folding edge groove and the outer folding edge groove are matched with each other.
Preferably, the bottom edge of the support plate is provided with an inserting convex part, the top edge of the support plate is provided with an upper inserting groove, the bottom edge of the connecting plate is provided with a lower inserting groove matched with the upper inserting groove, and the surface of the bottom plate is provided with an inserting hole matched with the inserting convex part.
Preferably, the unit holes are circular holes, square holes or regular hexagonal holes.
Preferably, the unit holes comprise upper unit holes and lower unit holes, the upper unit holes are arranged at the positions, far away from the bottom plate, of the surface of the supporting plate and at the positions, far away from the bottom plate, of the surface of the connecting plate, the lower unit holes are arranged at the positions, near the bottom plate, of the surface of the supporting plate and at the positions, near the bottom plate, of the surface of the connecting plate, the hole diameters of the upper unit holes are the same as those of the lower unit holes, and the distance between the upper unit holes is smaller than that between the lower unit holes.
Preferably, the foamed concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 380-420 parts of lightweight aggregate, 260-350 parts of cement, 70-110 parts of fly ash, 80-100 parts of mineral powder, 12-18 parts of foaming agent, 240-280 parts of water, 200-260 parts of sand, 2-6 parts of coconut shell fiber and 1-4 parts of hemp fiber, wherein the cement is a mixture of fast-hardening sulphoaluminate cement and ordinary portland cement, and the weight ratio of the fast-hardening sulphoaluminate cement in the mixture is 55-65%.
Preferably, the coconut shell fiber is prepared by the following method: cutting a coconut shell fiber raw material into long fibers of 30-80 mm, adding water, cellulase and pectinase, and reacting for 20-25 min at 30-35 ℃ to obtain pretreated coconut shell fiber; dipping the pretreated coconut shell fiber in 8-10% sodium hydroxide solution for 4-6 h, and washing the coconut shell fiber with distilled water until the pH value is neutral to obtain alkali-treated coconut shell fiber; and (3) drying the alkali-treated coconut shell fiber in an oven for 36-48 h, wherein the temperature of the oven is 35-45 ℃, and thus obtaining the coconut shell fiber.
Preferably, the hemp fiber is prepared by the following method: cutting a hemp fiber raw material into short fibers of 10-30 mm, putting the short fibers into a plasma generator, vacuumizing to 5Pa, setting the working pressure to 40Pa, setting the radio frequency power supply power to 250W, and treating for 10min to obtain low-temperature plasma treated hemp fibers; soaking the low-temperature plasma treated hemp fiber in a sodium hydroxide solution with the content of 8% -10% for 2-3 h, and washing the hemp fiber with distilled water until the pH value is neutral to obtain alkali treated hemp fiber; and drying the alkali-treated hemp fiber in an oven for 36-48 h at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ to obtain the hemp fiber.
A manufacturing method of a lightweight prefabricated staircase specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) stamping a steel plate with the thickness of 4-10 mm to obtain a support plate with an inserting convex part at the bottom edge and an upper inserting groove at the top edge, a connecting plate with a lower inserting groove at the bottom edge and a bottom plate with inserting holes on the surface, wherein a plurality of uniformly distributed unit holes are formed in the surface of each support plate and the surface of each connecting plate;
(2) fixedly connecting a plurality of support plates along the length direction of a bottom plate to form a support plate group, arranging the support plate groups at intervals along the width direction of the bottom plate and fixing the support plate groups on the bottom plate, arranging a plurality of connecting plates at intervals along the length direction of the bottom plate, inserting the connecting plates into the support plate groups and fixing the connecting plates on the bottom plate to obtain a plate type combined framework;
(3) stirring and mixing 260-350 parts by weight of cement, 70-110 parts by weight of fly ash, 80-100 parts by weight of mineral powder and 240-280 parts by weight of water to obtain a first mixture, and stirring and mixing 380-420 parts by weight of lightweight aggregate and 200-260 parts by weight of sand to obtain a second mixture;
(4) simultaneously spraying 2-6 parts by weight of coconut fiber and 1-4 parts by weight of hemp fiber with the first mixture by adopting a mechanical spraying process, stirring, foaming by adopting a foaming agent, pouring into the second mixture, stirring again and mixing to obtain a third mixture;
(5) cleaning a stair mold, smearing a release agent, filling the stair mold into a plate type combined framework, filling an embedded part, closing the mold, pouring a third mixture into the stair mold, coating the plate type combined framework, distributing and tamping;
(6) and (5) coating a film on the surface, and maintaining to obtain the lightweight prefabricated staircase.
Preferably, in the step (1), the unit holes include upper unit holes and lower unit holes, the upper unit holes are disposed at a position on the surface of the support plate away from the bottom plate and a position on the surface of the connecting plate away from the bottom plate, the lower unit holes are disposed at a position on the surface of the support plate close to the bottom plate and a position on the surface of the connecting plate close to the bottom plate, the diameter of the upper unit holes is the same as that of the lower unit holes, and the distance between the upper unit holes is smaller than that between the lower unit holes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the lightweight prefabricated staircase, the effective support for each step plate part on the concrete staircase main body is formed through the plate type combined frameworks, so that the reduction of the compression strength, the bending strength and the impact strength caused by the fact that no framework support exists in the step plates poured by the foamed concrete is avoided;
(2) according to the light prefabricated staircase, the connectivity and integrity of each part of the concrete staircase main body are improved through the unit holes on the surfaces of the supporting plate and the connecting plate, the load transfer efficiency in the concrete staircase main body coated on the plate type combined framework can be effectively improved, and the impact strength of the whole light prefabricated staircase is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a support plate of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a connecting plate of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the base plate of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a cell hole in example 3 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. concrete stair main part, 2, board-like combination skeleton, 3, foaming concrete, 21, bottom plate, 22, backup pad, 23, connecting plate, 24, unit hole, 211, spliced eye, 221, interior hem groove, 222, outer hem groove, 223, grafting bulge, 224, go up grafting recess, 231, lower grafting recess, 241, last unit hole, 242, lower unit hole.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further specifically described below by way of specific examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the practice of the invention is not limited to the following examples, and that any variations and/or modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention.
In the present invention, all parts and percentages are by weight, unless otherwise specified, and the equipment and materials used are commercially available or commonly used in the art. The methods in the following examples are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified. The components or devices in the following examples are, unless otherwise specified, standard parts or parts known to those skilled in the art, the structure and principle of which are known to those skilled in the art through technical manuals or through routine experimentation.
Example 1:
the lightweight prefabricated staircase shown in fig. 1 comprises a concrete staircase main body 1 and a plate-type combined framework 2 arranged in the concrete staircase main body. Concrete stair main part 1 is pour by foaming concrete 3 and is formed, board-like combination skeleton 2 includes bottom plate 21, a plurality of backup pads 22 and a plurality of connecting plate 23, a plurality of backup pads 22 set up on bottom plate 21 surface along 21 length direction of bottom plate in succession, a plurality of backup pads 22 set up on bottom plate 21 surface along 21 width direction intervals of bottom plate, a plurality of connecting plates 23 set up and intersect with a plurality of backup pads 22 along 21 length direction intervals of bottom plate, every backup pad 22 surface and every connecting plate 23 surface all are equipped with the unit hole 24 of a plurality of equipartitions.
Through the technical scheme, the plate-type combined framework 2 consisting of the supporting plate 22, the connecting plates 23 and the bottom plate 21 forms effective support for each step plate on the concrete stair main body 1, the reduction of the compression strength, the bending strength and the impact strength caused by the fact that no framework supports exist in the step plates poured by the foamed concrete is avoided, the load transfer efficiency of the concrete stair main body 1 coated on the plate-type combined framework 2 can be effectively improved through the unit holes 24 on the surfaces of each supporting plate 22 and each connecting plate 23, and the impact strength of the whole light prefabricated stair is improved.
Example 2:
the lightweight prefabricated staircase shown in fig. 1 comprises a concrete staircase main body 1 and a plate-type combined framework 2 arranged in the concrete staircase main body.
Concrete stair main part 1 is pour by foaming concrete 3 and is formed, and board-like combination skeleton 2 includes bottom plate 21, a plurality of backup pad 22 and a plurality of connecting plate 23, and a plurality of backup pad 22 set up on bottom plate 21 surface along 21 length direction of bottom plate in succession, and a plurality of backup pad 22 set up on bottom plate 21 surface along 21 width direction intervals of bottom plate, and a plurality of connecting plates 23 set up and intersect with a plurality of backup pad 22 along 21 length direction intervals of bottom plate.
Each supporting plate 22 and each connecting plate 23 are provided with a plurality of uniformly distributed unit holes 24. The unit holes 24 are circular holes, square holes or regular hexagonal holes, and in the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, square holes are selected. The cell holes 24 are equally spaced.
As shown in fig. 2, the supporting plate 22 is an inverted trapezoid steel plate, the trapezoid side of the supporting plate 22 is connected to the surface of the bottom plate 21, the two side edges of the supporting plate 22 adjacent to the trapezoid side are respectively provided with an inner folding groove 221 and an outer folding groove 222, and the shapes of the inner folding groove 221 and the outer folding groove 222 are matched with each other. The bottom edge of the supporting plate 22 is provided with an inserting protrusion 223, the top edge of the supporting plate 22 is provided with an upper inserting groove 224, as shown in fig. 3, the bottom edge of the connecting plate 23 is provided with a lower inserting groove 231 for matching with the upper inserting groove 224, as shown in fig. 4, the surface of the bottom plate 21 is provided with an inserting hole 211 for matching with the inserting protrusion 223.
The foamed concrete 3 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 380 parts of lightweight aggregate, 26 parts of cement, 70 parts of fly ash, 80 parts of mineral powder, 12 parts of foaming agent, 240 parts of water, 200 parts of sand, 2 parts of coconut shell fiber and 1 part of hemp fiber, wherein the cement is a mixture of fast-hardening sulphoaluminate cement and ordinary portland cement, and the weight ratio of the fast-hardening sulphoaluminate cement in the mixture is 55%.
The coconut shell fiber is prepared by the following method: cutting a coconut shell fiber raw material into long fibers of 30mm, adding water, cellulase and pectinase, and reacting at 30-35 ℃ for 20-25 min to obtain pretreated coconut shell fiber; dipping the pretreated coconut shell fiber in 8-10% sodium hydroxide solution for 4-6 h, and washing the coconut shell fiber with distilled water until the pH value is neutral to obtain alkali-treated coconut shell fiber; and (3) drying the alkali-treated coconut shell fiber in an oven for 36-48 h, wherein the temperature of the oven is 35-45 ℃, and thus obtaining the coconut shell fiber.
The hemp fiber is prepared by the following method: cutting hemp fiber raw materials into short fibers with the diameter of 10mm, putting the short fibers into a plasma generator, vacuumizing to 5Pa, setting the working pressure to 40Pa, setting the radio frequency power supply power to 250W, and treating for 10min to obtain low-temperature plasma treated hemp fibers; soaking the low-temperature plasma treated hemp fiber in a sodium hydroxide solution with the content of 8% -10% for 2-3 h, and washing the hemp fiber with distilled water until the pH value is neutral to obtain alkali treated hemp fiber; and drying the alkali-treated hemp fiber in an oven for 36-48 h at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ to obtain the hemp fiber.
The lightweight aggregate is fly ash ceramsite, and the foaming agent is protein-surfactant compound foaming agent, which are all commercially available products.
The manufacturing method of the lightweight prefabricated staircase specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) stamping a steel plate with the thickness of 4-10 mm to obtain a support plate 22 with an inserting convex part 223 at the bottom edge and an upper inserting groove 224 at the top edge, a connecting plate 23 with a lower inserting groove 231 at the bottom edge and a bottom plate 21 with an inserting hole 211 on the surface, wherein a plurality of uniformly distributed unit holes 24 are formed on the surface of each support plate 22 and the surface of each connecting plate 23;
(2) fixedly connecting a plurality of support plates 22 along the length direction of the bottom plate 21 to form a support plate group, arranging the support plate groups at intervals along the width direction of the bottom plate 21 and fixing the support plate groups on the bottom plate 21, arranging a plurality of connecting plates 23 at intervals along the length direction of the bottom plate 21 and inserting the connecting plates into the support plate groups and then fixing the connecting plates on the bottom plate 21, and welding and reinforcing the connecting parts to obtain a plate type combined framework 2;
(3) stirring and mixing the cement, the fly ash, the mineral powder and the water in parts by weight to obtain a first mixture, and stirring and mixing the lightweight aggregate and the sand in parts by weight to obtain a second mixture;
(4) spraying the coconut shell fibers and the hemp fibers in parts by weight and the first mixture at the same time by adopting a mechanical spraying process, stirring, foaming by adopting a foaming agent, pouring into the second mixture, and stirring and mixing again to obtain a third mixture;
(5) cleaning a stair mold, smearing a release agent, filling the stair mold into a plate type combined framework, filling an embedded part, closing the mold, pouring a third mixture into the stair mold, coating the plate type combined framework, distributing and tamping;
(6) and (5) coating a film on the surface, and maintaining to obtain the lightweight prefabricated staircase.
Example 3:
a light prefabricated staircase, technical scheme is with embodiment 2, its difference lies in:
as shown in fig. 5, the unit holes 24 include upper unit holes 241 and lower unit holes 242, the upper unit holes 241 are provided at a portion of the surface of the support plate 22 away from the base plate 21 and a portion of the surface of the connection plate 23 away from the base plate 21, the lower unit holes 242 are provided at a portion of the surface of the support plate 22 adjacent to the base plate 21 and a portion of the surface of the connection plate 23 adjacent to the base plate 21, the hole diameters of the upper unit holes 241 are the same as those of the lower unit holes 242, and the interval between the upper unit holes 241 is smaller than the interval between the lower unit holes 242.
The foamed concrete 3 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 420 parts of lightweight aggregate, 350 parts of cement, 110 parts of fly ash, 100 parts of mineral powder, 18 parts of foaming agent, 280 parts of water, 260 parts of sand, 6 parts of coconut shell fiber and 4 parts of hemp fiber, wherein the cement is a mixture of rapid hardening sulphoaluminate cement and ordinary portland cement, and the weight ratio of the rapid hardening sulphoaluminate cement in the mixture is 65%.
The coconut shell fiber is prepared by the following method: cutting a coconut shell fiber raw material into long fibers of 150mm, adding water, cellulase and pectinase, and reacting at 30-35 ℃ for 20-25 min to obtain pretreated coconut shell fiber; dipping the pretreated coconut shell fiber in 8-10% sodium hydroxide solution for 4-6 h, and washing the coconut shell fiber with distilled water until the pH value is neutral to obtain alkali-treated coconut shell fiber; and (3) drying the alkali-treated coconut shell fiber in an oven for 36-48 h, wherein the temperature of the oven is 35-45 ℃, and thus obtaining the coconut shell fiber.
The hemp fiber is prepared by the following method: cutting hemp fiber raw materials into short fibers with the diameter of 20mm, putting the short fibers into a plasma generator, vacuumizing to 5Pa, setting the working pressure to 40Pa, setting the radio frequency power supply power to 250W, and treating for 10min to obtain low-temperature plasma treated hemp fibers; soaking the low-temperature plasma treated hemp fiber in a sodium hydroxide solution with the content of 8% -10% for 2-3 h, and washing the hemp fiber with distilled water until the pH value is neutral to obtain alkali treated hemp fiber; and drying the alkali-treated hemp fiber in an oven for 36-48 h at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ to obtain the hemp fiber.
The manufacturing method of the lightweight prefabricated staircase of the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 2.
Comparative example 1:
the board-type combined skeleton in example 2 was removed, and the coconut fiber and hemp fiber components of the foamed concrete were removed, and the rest of the formulation and the manufacturing method were unchanged.
Comparative example 2:
the coconut fiber and hemp fiber components of the foamed concrete in example 2 were removed, and the rest of the formulation and the manufacturing method were unchanged.
The lightweight prefabricated staircase samples obtained according to the technical schemes and the manufacturing methods of the examples 2-3 and the comparative examples 1-2 are detected to obtain the detection results shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 comparison table of the test results of each light prefabricated staircase sample
| Compressive strength (MPa) | Bending strength (MPa) | |
| Example 2 | 11.8 | 1.69 |
| Example 3 | 12.6 | 1.94 |
| Comparative example 1 | 4.8 | 0.3 |
| Comparative example 2 | 8.9 | 1.1 |
It can be seen from the table that, the compression strength and the bending strength of the light-duty prefabricated staircase that inside has board-like combination skeleton have apparent promotion by a wide margin, and board-like combination skeleton forms better intensity support and load transfer to the flier position, and the unit hole setting through backup pad and connecting plate increases the connectivity and the wholeness of each position of concrete stair main part. The mixture of the coconut fiber and the hemp fiber is doped in the components of the foamed concrete, so that the compressive strength and the bending strength are improved, the long fiber of the coconut fiber can transfer stress and load from a stress point to another long fiber, the compressive strength and the bending strength of the long fiber are higher than those of the short fiber, the short fiber of the hemp fiber can increase the connection nodes between the long fibers, and the load transfer capacity in the concrete is improved.
The above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and other variations and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a light-duty prefabricated staircase, includes concrete stair main part (1) and locates plate-type combination skeleton (2) in the concrete stair main part, its characterized in that: concrete stair main part (1) is pour by foaming concrete (3) and is formed, board-like combination skeleton (2) include bottom plate (21), a plurality of backup pad (22) and a plurality of connecting plate (23), a plurality of backup pad (22) set up on bottom plate (21) surface along bottom plate (21) length direction in succession, a plurality of backup pad (22) set up on bottom plate (21) surface along bottom plate (21) width direction interval, a plurality of connecting plate (23) set up and intersect with a plurality of backup pad (22) along bottom plate (21) length direction interval, cell hole (24) of a plurality of equipartitions all are equipped with on every backup pad (22) surface and every connecting plate (23) surface.
2. The lightweight prefabricated staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that: the supporting plate (22) is an inverted trapezoidal steel plate, the trapezoidal edge of the supporting plate (22) is connected with the surface of the bottom plate (21), an inner folding edge groove (221) and an outer folding edge groove (222) are respectively arranged on the two side edges adjacent to the trapezoidal edge of the supporting plate (22), and the shapes of the inner folding edge groove (221) and the outer folding edge groove (222) are matched with each other.
3. The lightweight prefabricated staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom edge of the supporting plate (22) is provided with an inserting convex part (223), the top edge of the supporting plate (22) is provided with an upper inserting groove (224), the bottom edge of the connecting plate (23) is provided with a lower inserting groove (231) matched with the upper inserting groove (224), and the surface of the bottom plate (21) is provided with an inserting hole (211) matched with the inserting convex part (223).
4. The lightweight prefabricated staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that: the unit holes (24) are circular holes, square holes or regular hexagonal holes.
5. The lightweight prefabricated staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that: the unit holes (24) comprise upper unit holes (241) and lower unit holes (242), the upper unit holes (241) are arranged at the positions, far away from the bottom plate (21), of the surface of the supporting plate (22) and the positions, far away from the bottom plate (21), of the surface of the connecting plate (23), the lower unit holes (242) are arranged at the positions, close to the bottom plate (21), of the surface of the supporting plate (22) and the positions, close to the bottom plate (21), of the surface of the connecting plate (23), the aperture of each upper unit hole (241) is the same as that of each lower unit hole (242), and the distance between the upper unit holes (241) is smaller than that between the lower unit holes (242).
6. The lightweight prefabricated staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that: the foamed concrete (3) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 380-420 parts of lightweight aggregate, 260-350 parts of cement, 70-110 parts of fly ash, 80-100 parts of mineral powder, 12-18 parts of foaming agent, 240-280 parts of water, 200-260 parts of sand, 2-6 parts of coconut shell fiber and 1-4 parts of hemp fiber, wherein the cement is a mixture of fast-hardening sulphoaluminate cement and ordinary portland cement, and the weight ratio of the fast-hardening sulphoaluminate cement in the mixture is 55-65%.
7. The lightweight prefabricated staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that: the coconut shell fiber is prepared by the following method: cutting a coconut shell fiber raw material into long fibers of 30-80 mm, adding water, cellulase and pectinase, and reacting for 20-25 min at 30-35 ℃ to obtain pretreated coconut shell fiber; dipping the pretreated coconut shell fiber in 8-10% sodium hydroxide solution for 4-6 h, and washing the coconut shell fiber with distilled water until the pH value is neutral to obtain alkali-treated coconut shell fiber; and (3) drying the alkali-treated coconut shell fiber in an oven for 36-48 h, wherein the temperature of the oven is 35-45 ℃, and thus obtaining the coconut shell fiber.
8. The lightweight prefabricated staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hemp fiber is prepared by the following method: cutting a hemp fiber raw material into short fibers of 10-30 mm, putting the short fibers into a plasma generator, vacuumizing to 5Pa, setting the working pressure to 40Pa, setting the radio frequency power supply power to 250W, and treating for 10min to obtain low-temperature plasma treated hemp fibers; soaking the low-temperature plasma treated hemp fiber in a sodium hydroxide solution with the content of 8% -10% for 2-3 h, and washing the hemp fiber with distilled water until the pH value is neutral to obtain alkali treated hemp fiber; and drying the alkali-treated hemp fiber in an oven for 36-48 h at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ to obtain the hemp fiber.
9. A manufacturing method of a lightweight prefabricated staircase is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) stamping a steel plate with the thickness of 4-10 mm to obtain a support plate (22) with an inserting convex part (223) at the bottom edge and an upper inserting groove (224) at the top edge, a connecting plate (23) with a lower inserting groove (231) at the bottom edge and a bottom plate (21) with inserting holes (211) on the surface, wherein a plurality of uniformly distributed unit holes (24) are formed in the surface of each support plate (22) and the surface of each connecting plate (23);
(2) fixedly connecting a plurality of supporting plates (22) along the length direction of the bottom plate (21) to form a supporting plate group, arranging the supporting plate groups at intervals along the width direction of the bottom plate (21) and fixing the supporting plate groups on the bottom plate (21), arranging a plurality of connecting plates (23) at intervals along the length direction of the bottom plate (21), inserting the connecting plates into the supporting plate groups and fixing the connecting plates on the bottom plate (21) to obtain a plate type combined framework (2);
(3) stirring and mixing 260-350 parts by weight of cement, 70-110 parts by weight of fly ash, 80-100 parts by weight of mineral powder and 240-280 parts by weight of water to obtain a first mixture, and stirring and mixing 380-420 parts by weight of lightweight aggregate and 200-260 parts by weight of sand to obtain a second mixture;
(4) simultaneously spraying 2-6 parts by weight of coconut fiber and 1-4 parts by weight of hemp fiber with the first mixture by adopting a mechanical spraying process, stirring, foaming by adopting a foaming agent, pouring into the second mixture, stirring again and mixing to obtain a third mixture;
(5) cleaning a stair mold, smearing a release agent, filling the stair mold into a plate type combined framework, filling an embedded part, closing the mold, pouring a third mixture into the stair mold, coating the plate type combined framework, distributing and tamping;
(6) and (5) coating a film on the surface, and maintaining to obtain the lightweight prefabricated staircase.
10. The method of manufacturing a lightweight prefabricated staircase according to claim 9, characterized in that: in the step (1), the unit holes (24) include upper unit holes (241) and lower unit holes (242), the upper unit holes (241) are arranged at a position, far away from the bottom plate (21), of the surface of the supporting plate (22) and a position, far away from the bottom plate (21), of the surface of the connecting plate (23), the lower unit holes (242) are arranged at a position, close to the bottom plate (21), of the surface of the supporting plate (22) and a position, close to the bottom plate (21), of the surface of the connecting plate (23), the aperture of the upper unit holes (241) is the same as that of the lower unit holes (242), and the distance between the upper unit holes (241) is smaller than that between the lower unit holes (242).
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