CN113776432B - A full-time, fully automatic photoelectric vertical coordinate measuring machine - Google Patents
A full-time, fully automatic photoelectric vertical coordinate measuring machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN113776432B CN113776432B CN202111177242.4A CN202111177242A CN113776432B CN 113776432 B CN113776432 B CN 113776432B CN 202111177242 A CN202111177242 A CN 202111177242A CN 113776432 B CN113776432 B CN 113776432B
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/002—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
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- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an all-day full-automatic photoelectric plumb line coordinator which comprises a light source module, a plumb line, a viewing angle control window, a core circuit and a peripheral circuit, wherein the core circuit is respectively connected with the peripheral circuit and the light source module and is used for controlling the light source brightness of the light source module, the peripheral circuit is used for providing voltage, the plumb line is fixed on a tested structure, the light source module and the viewing angle control window are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the plumb line, the light source module generates parallel light to the direction of the plumb line and the viewing angle control window, the plumb line generates shadow under the parallel light irradiation, is projected on the core circuit through the viewing angle control window and is detected and calculated by the core circuit. The coordinate instrument adopts the field angle control window, can effectively inhibit the ambient background light in the parallel light, and improves the detection precision and the adaptability of the environment in the whole day.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of civil engineering structure monitoring, in particular to a full-automatic photoelectric plumb line coordinator which is suitable for monitoring horizontal displacement and inclined deformation of different elevations of large civil engineering structures, such as large dams, reactor containment vessels of nuclear power plants, buildings, bridges, tunnels and the like.
Background
Due to the influence of engineering geology, external conditions and other factors, the large civil engineering structure can generate certain deformation in the construction and operation processes. It is usually expressed that the engineering structure is wholly or partially inclined, sunk, twisted, cracked, etc., and if the limit is exceeded, the normal use of the building structure is affected, and the life and property safety of people is seriously and even threatened. Therefore, a certain technical means is required to observe the deformation and displacement of the civil engineering structure for a long time and periodically. The structural deformation monitoring is a basic means for grasping the working state of the civil engineering structure, and has important significance for ensuring the smooth implementation and safe operation of engineering projects.
The structural deformation monitoring requires an observation technology to meet the requirements of periodic repeated observation, high precision requirement, non-contact measurement and the like, and the traditional contact measurement mode cannot meet the requirement of structural deformation monitoring. Because the photoelectric sensing technology has the advantages of non-contact measurement, compared with the traditional measurement means, the photoelectric sensing technology also has the advantages of high resolution and wide bandwidth, and therefore, the photoelectric sensing technology has wide application in high-precision and ultra-precise positioning measurement. The linear array CCD (charge coupled device) is an important photoelectric sensing element widely applied to the fields of industrial monitoring, spectrum measurement and the like, has the advantages of wide spectrum range, small size, light weight, low power consumption, long service life, high reliability and the like, and has become one of the most widely applied photoelectric sensing elements at present.
The vertical line coordinatometer which is widely applied at present is a measuring device for measuring displacement and deformation of a large-scale building based on a linear array CCD photoelectric sensing technology. The principle is that the displacement of the vertical line is calculated by measuring the position of the parallel light (marked as signal light) passing through the vertical line and generating shadow on the CCD through the linear array CCD.
Because linear array CCD is sensitive to optical signals, the intensity of signal light needs to be matched with the photoelectric characteristics of CCD. Meanwhile, the linear array CCD is sensitive to signal light related to measurement, is also easily interfered by stray light (such as ambient background light) which is irrelevant to measurement and even interferes with measurement, and is particularly characterized in that the measurement equipment has high requirements on the ambient light, the brightness of a light source needs to be manually adjusted, the measurement requirement of the whole day cannot be generally met, and the applicability and the robustness of the measurement device are affected.
In order to solve the problems, interference of ambient background light is reduced in a mode of adopting an optical filter in practical engineering application, applicability of the measuring device can be improved to a certain extent, but when the ambient background is strong, the measuring device has a problem of large measuring error, and still cannot meet the measuring requirement in all days.
Therefore, how to provide a plumb line coordinatometer capable of meeting the measurement requirements at all times of day is a problem that needs to be solved by the person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the invention provides a full-automatic photoelectric plumb line coordinator which can solve the problem that environmental background light affects a measuring device.
The embodiment of the invention provides a full-automatic photoelectric plumb line coordinator at all days, which comprises a light source module, plumb lines, a field angle control window, a core circuit and a peripheral circuit, wherein the light source module is connected with the plumb lines;
The core circuit is used for controlling the light source brightness of the light source module, and the peripheral circuit is used for providing voltage for the core circuit and the light source module;
the vertical line is fixed on the tested building;
The light source module and the viewing angle control window are respectively arranged at two opposite sides of the vertical line, the light source module generates parallel light to the direction of the vertical line and the viewing angle control window, the vertical line generates shadow under the irradiation of the parallel light, and the shadow is projected on the core circuit through the viewing angle control window and is detected and calculated by the core circuit.
In one embodiment, the core circuit comprises a main control circuit, a driving circuit and a linear array CCD which are sequentially connected;
The main control circuit is respectively connected with the light source module and the peripheral circuit;
The vertical line generates shadow under the irradiation of parallel light, and is projected on the linear array CCD through the view angle control window;
and the main control circuit reads the electric signals of each pixel unit on the linear array CCD through the driving circuit and calculates the position of the shadow on the linear array CCD.
In one embodiment, the width of the viewing angle control window is greater than the width of the parallel light, and the height of the viewing angle control window is equal to the height of the parallel light.
In one embodiment, the view angle control window comprises an optical window and an optical glass, wherein the optical window and the optical glass are arranged along the incident light path direction;
the size of the optical window is related to the size and the angle of view of the linear array CCD;
The optical glass is spaced from the linear array CCD by a preset distance, and the preset distance ensures that ambient background light cannot directly irradiate the linear array CCD.
In one embodiment, the light source module comprises a point light source, a reflector and a lens group, wherein the reflector is positioned near the focal point of the lens group, and light emitted by the point light source is reflected by the reflector, enters the lens group and outputs parallel light.
In one embodiment, the point light source is an LED point light source.
In one embodiment, the peripheral circuit comprises a power supply module and a data display module, wherein the power supply module is connected with the data display module;
the power supply module and the data display module are respectively connected with the main control circuit;
The data display module is used for displaying the calculated position of the shadow on the linear array CCD.
In one embodiment, the peripheral circuit further comprises a communication module, wherein the communication module is respectively connected with the power supply module and the main control circuit;
the communication module is a 4-20mA analog output port.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
The embodiment of the invention provides an all-day full-automatic photoelectric plumb line coordinator which comprises a light source module, plumb lines, a viewing angle control window, a core circuit and a peripheral circuit, wherein the core circuit is respectively connected with the peripheral circuit and the light source module, the core circuit is used for controlling the light source brightness of the light source module, and the peripheral circuit is used for providing voltage for the core circuit and the light source module. The light source module and the viewing angle control window are respectively arranged at two opposite sides of the vertical line, the light source module generates parallel light to the directions of the vertical line and the viewing angle control window, the vertical line generates shadow under the irradiation of the parallel light, and the shadow is projected on the core circuit through the viewing angle control window and is detected and calculated by the core circuit. The coordinate instrument adopts the field angle control window, can effectively inhibit the ambient background light in the parallel light, and improves the detection precision and the adaptability of the environment in the whole day.
In addition, the core circuit has the brightness control function of the light source module, so that the signal light in the parallel light is matched with the linear CCD in the core circuit, the signal to noise ratio of a measurement signal is increased, the measurement precision and the robustness of the coordinate instrument are further improved, and the full-automatic working capacity in the environment of the whole day is further provided.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims thereof as well as the appended drawings.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an all-day full-automatic photoelectric plumb line coordinator provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2a is a top view of a full-automatic photoelectric plumb line coordinator at all times of the day according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a left side view of FIG. 2 a;
FIG. 2c is a front view of FIG. 2 a;
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a view angle control window according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a light source module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, 1-light source module, 2-vertical line, 3-view angle control window, 4-core circuit, 5-peripheral circuit, 11-first light source module, 12-second light source module, 31-first view angle control window, 32-second view angle control window, 6-base plate, 101-point light source, 102-reflector and 103-lens group.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1, 2a, 2b and 2c, the full-automatic photoelectric plumb line coordinator provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a shell, a light source module 1, a view angle control window 3, a core circuit 4 and a peripheral circuit 5, wherein the light source module 1, the view angle control window 3, the core circuit 4 and the peripheral circuit 5 are positioned in the shell, and a vertical channel for a plumb line 2 to pass through is formed in the shell.
The core circuit 4 is respectively connected with the peripheral circuit 5 and the light source module 1, the core circuit 4 is used for controlling the light source brightness of the light source module, and the peripheral circuit is used for providing voltage for the core circuit and the light source module;
The vertical line 2 is fixedly hung on a measured building, the displacement of the vertical line is converted along with the deformation and displacement of the building, and the light source module 1 and the view angle control window 3 are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the vertical line 2. In the embodiment, the light source module 1, the view angle control window 3, the core circuit 4 and the peripheral circuit 5 are in two vertical directions of the horizontal plane. The light source module 1 can generate parallel light to the direction of the vertical line 2 and the view angle control window 3, the vertical line 2 is modulated by the parallel light, shadows are generated under the parallel light irradiation, and the shadows are projected on the core circuit 4 through the view angle control window 3 and detected and calculated by the core circuit 4.
The parallel light generated by the light source module 1 passes through the vertical line 2 and contains signal light and ambient background light, wherein the signal light is a light signal related to measurement, the ambient background light is non-signal light and is stray light unrelated to measurement, and the stray light can influence the accuracy of a measurement result and needs to be restrained or eliminated. The view angle control window 3 in the embodiment can inhibit all direct ambient background light, does not influence the optical efficiency of the signal light, has very strong anti-interference capability, and improves the detection precision of the coordinate instrument and the adaptability of the environment in the whole day.
As shown in figure 2a, a top view without the internal structure of the shell is shown, two groups of light source modules, namely a first light source module 11, a second light source module 12, a first view angle control window 31 and a second view angle control window 32, are arranged on one bottom plate 6, and the vertical line 2 is positioned in a vertical channel and can be used for detecting the displacement of the vertical line in two directions.
Fig. 2b is a left side view of fig. 2a, and fig. 2c is a front view of fig. 2a.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the core circuit 4 includes a main control circuit, a driving circuit and a linear array CCD, which are sequentially connected, wherein the main control circuit is respectively connected with the light source module 1 and the peripheral circuit, the vertical line generates shadows under the irradiation of parallel light and is projected onto the linear array CCD through a viewing angle control window, and the main control circuit reads the electric signals of each pixel unit on the linear array CCD through the driving circuit and calculates the position of the shadows on the linear array CCD. Wherein, after the light signal received by the linear array CCD passes through the view angle control window 3, the ambient background light is restrained.
The master control circuit can adopt a singlechip or an FPGA circuit, the control pins of the master control circuit have the capability of outputting high and low levels, the drive circuit completes the voltage conversion function of the master control circuit and the linear array CCD, the drive capability of the master control circuit for outputting signals to the linear array CCD is enhanced, the master control circuit controls the drive pulse control pins of the linear array CCD through the drive circuit, and the logic relation of the drive pulse signal time sequence is strictly according to the parameter requirements of a drive pulse waveform diagram in a linear array CCD product specification. The linear array CCD is a photoelectric sensing device and can convert the optical signal of the signal light into a voltage signal, and the magnitude of the voltage signal is related to the light intensity.
The main control circuit is used as the circuit working time sequence of the whole coordinate system, and can directly control the brightness of the light source module, so that the brightness of the light source is matched with the photoelectric characteristic of the linear array CCD, the self-adaptive exposure effect is achieved, the signal to noise ratio of the coordinate system in normal working is optimal, the accuracy and the robustness of the detection result can be further improved, and the coordinate system further has the working capacity in the whole day.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the view angle control window 3 has a simple structure and is easy to implement, and comprises an optical window and optical glass, wherein the optical window and the optical glass are arranged along the incident light path direction, the optical window is used for receiving signal light and inhibiting ambient background light, so that the signal to noise ratio of a detection signal of a core circuit is improved, the size of the optical window is related to the size of a linear array CCD and the view angle, and the optical glass is a lens with high transmittance, and when the optical glass is implemented, the lens, the core circuit and a peripheral circuit can be fixed in the same box, so that the waterproof sealing effect is achieved.
In this embodiment, the width of the angle control window 3 is slightly larger than the width of the parallel light, so that the parallel light is guaranteed to be totally projected into the angle control window 3, the height of the angle control window 3 is equal to the height of the parallel light, the angle control window 3 cannot be too large or too small, the inhibiting effect of the angle control window 3 on ambient background light is reduced, the angle control window 3 cannot be too small, the parallel light is hard to be projected onto the linear array CCD in the core circuit 4 in the debugging process, the angle control window 3 is required to keep a certain distance from the linear array CCD in the core circuit 4, the value of the distance is related to the height of the angle control window 3 and the height of the equipment shell, and the ambient background light cannot be directly projected onto the CCD in the core circuit 4, so that the angle control window can be determined by various methods such as visual observation and oscillograph output pin waveforms of the CCD.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the light source module 1 is composed of a point light source 101, a reflecting mirror 102 and a lens group 103, wherein the reflecting mirror 102 is positioned near the focal point of the lens group 103, light emitted by the point light source 101 is reflected by the reflecting mirror 102, enters the lens group 103 and outputs parallel light, and the light intensity of the parallel light is uniform. The LED point light source can be optimized, the light emitting area of the LED point light source is small, the light intensity emitted in all directions is uniform, the current is uniform in size during normal operation, the working current is not larger than the rated working current, and the LED point light source has the advantage of long service life. The lens group changes the light generated by the point light source and passing through the reflector into parallel light with uniform light intensity.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the peripheral circuit 5 comprises a power module, a data display unit and a communication unit, wherein the power module mainly converts a power supply voltage into voltages required by other circuit parts to work normally, reduces voltage ripple of an input voltage, and reduces measurement errors caused by the voltage ripple to the core circuit 4. The power module can have a short-circuit protection function and also have an input protection function, namely, when the input voltage exceeds a certain safety range, the power module is automatically disconnected.
The data display unit displays the vertical line displacement value measured by the core circuit in real time, namely the position of the shadow on the linear array CCD calculated by the core circuit 4, including two vertical directions of the horizontal plane. The communication unit is a 4-20mA analog output port, can be compatible with any measuring system with standard signal measuring function, and has stronger anti-interference capability. After the data display unit refreshes and displays the current value, a constant current value corresponding to data communication is output, the minimum value of the measuring range corresponds to 4mA, the full-range value corresponds to 20mA, and other measured values correspond to the linear change relation between 4mA and 20 mA.
The embodiment of the invention provides a coordinate instrument, wherein a core circuit and a peripheral circuit can be respectively in modularized design. As shown in FIG. 1, the parallel light output by the light source module 1 is perpendicular to the field angle control window 3 and the linear array CCD in the core circuit 4, so that the signal light is required to completely cover the photosensitive unit on the linear array CCD in the core circuit 4 after the parallel light output by the light source module 1 passes through the field angle control window 3, the shadow of the vertical line is projected on the linear array CCD after the parallel light output by the light source module 1 passes through the vertical line 2, and the light intensity of the parallel light output by the light source module 1 is controlled by the core circuit 4 and is matched with the CCD in the core circuit 4. In the data processing process, the voltage value output by the linear array CCD is read by adopting an AD conversion method, and the voltage threshold value of shadow judgment is dynamically adjusted in real time so as to adapt to system differences and self-adaptive capacity under different environmental conditions.
In addition, the main control circuit in the core circuit 4 reads the voltage signals of each pixel unit in the linear array CCD and analyzes and calculates the shadow position on the linear array CCD through an embedded data processing algorithm. The width of each shadow is analyzed in the data processing process, and whether the shadow is a vertical shadow or a shadow generated by external environment interference, such as a shadow generated by dust on optical glass or an optical lens, is comprehensively judged, so that the purpose of effectively removing interference signals is achieved, and the system has stronger anti-interference capability.
On the one hand, the method of controlling the window by adopting the angle of view can inhibit the ambient background light, so that the direct ambient background light can be completely eliminated, and the problem that the direct ambient background light influences the measurement result is thoroughly solved. The control window of the angle of view is easy to process and realize, and the signal to noise ratio and the measurement accuracy of the measurement signal are improved.
On the other hand, by adopting a method of automatically controlling the brightness of the light source module to match the signal light with the linear array CCD, the linear array CCD obtains the best exposure effect, the signal to noise ratio of the output measurement signal value is further increased, the measurement precision and the robustness of the coordinate instrument are enhanced, and the coordinate instrument has full-automatic working capacity under the condition of full time of day.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
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CN202393351U (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2012-08-22 | 基康仪器(北京)有限公司 | CCD vertical line coordinator |
CN106895788A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-06-27 | 济南大学 | A kind of reservoir dam deformation auto-monitoring method and system |
CN216385480U (en) * | 2021-10-09 | 2022-04-26 | 中冶检测认证有限公司 | Full-automatic photoelectric plumb line coordinatograph |
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JPH07261920A (en) * | 1994-03-17 | 1995-10-13 | Wacom Co Ltd | Optical position detector and optical coordinate input device |
WO1995035506A2 (en) * | 1994-06-17 | 1995-12-28 | Kensington Laboratories, Inc. | Scribe mark reader |
JP2000010068A (en) * | 1998-06-23 | 2000-01-14 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Electronic equipment provided with reflection type liquid crystal display |
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CN202393351U (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2012-08-22 | 基康仪器(北京)有限公司 | CCD vertical line coordinator |
CN106895788A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-06-27 | 济南大学 | A kind of reservoir dam deformation auto-monitoring method and system |
CN216385480U (en) * | 2021-10-09 | 2022-04-26 | 中冶检测认证有限公司 | Full-automatic photoelectric plumb line coordinatograph |
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