CN113757273B - Multi-piece friction-hydraulic composite braking support bridge - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-plate friction-hydraulic composite braking support bridge, which comprises a support bridge part, a hydraulic retarder part, a multi-plate friction brake part and a speed increasing mechanism part. The composite brake support bridge has the advantages that the hydraulic retarder and the multi-plate friction brake are designed at the wheel edge part in a highly integrated mode, the positions of the original drum brake and the executing mechanism of the drum brake are replaced, and the weight of the whole bridge is effectively reduced. The multi-piece friction brake is positioned on the liquid retarder outer ring, and the wheel edge part is additionally provided with the speed increasing mechanism through air source control, so that the braking effects of the hydraulic retarder and the friction brake are improved. The working medium of the composite brake support bridge provides a braking effect for the liquid slowly and enters the multi-plate friction brake, the friction plate is subjected to immersion cooling, and the heat dissipation effect is improved. The hydraulic retarder provides braking torque during long-time braking, and the multi-piece friction brake with high response speed is used for braking during emergency braking, so that the braking efficiency and the running safety of the semi-trailer tractor are improved.

Description

A multi-plate friction-hydraulic composite brake support bridge

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile auxiliary braking, and in particular relates to a multi-plate friction-hydraulic composite brake support bridge.

Background technique

In recent years, my country's road transportation industry has developed rapidly. Semi-trailer tractors have played a crucial role in road transportation due to their advantages of large load capacity, high efficiency and low logistics cost. However, due to the complex road conditions in my country and many long downhill sections, it is difficult to ensure the braking safety of the semi-trailer tractor when the semi-trailer tractor is downhill for a long time. Therefore, more and more semi-trailer tractors choose to install retarders. Wait for the auxiliary braking device to relieve the burden of the braking system.

The hydraulic retarder is light in weight, small in size, and has excellent continuous braking performance, which can meet the needs of long-term braking of vehicles. But for the semi-trailer tractor, the choice of the installation position of the retarder is still a difficult problem. At present, there are two main installation schemes for the hydraulic retarder of the semi-trailer tractor, one is to install it in the trailer drive train, but the weight of the semi-trailer tractor is concentrated in the trailer part, the inertia of the trailer part is large, and the trailer braking force Too large can easily lead to vehicle instability. The other is to install the hydraulic retarder in the middle of the non-drive axle of the trailer, and remove the mechanical brake of the original axle. Although this solution ensures the braking safety to a certain extent, due to the response speed of the hydraulic retarder It is slow, so when the vehicle needs emergency braking, the bridge cannot provide braking force in time, and the emergency braking effect is poor.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-plate friction-hydraulic composite brake support bridge, in which the hydraulic retarder provides braking torque during long-term braking, and relies on the fast response speed during emergency braking. Multi-disc friction brakes are used for braking to improve the braking efficiency and driving safety of the semi-trailer tractor.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is a multi-plate friction-hydraulic composite brake support bridge, which includes a support bridge part, a hydraulic retarder part, a multi-plate friction brake part, and a speed-increasing mechanism part ; The hydraulic retarder part, the multi-disc friction brake part and the speed increasing mechanism part are integrated and designed at the wheel edge.

The supporting bridge part includes a supporting axle housing, a wheel-side axle housing, and a wheel hub; the wheel-side axle housing is mounted on the sun wheel shaft through a bearing, and is connected with the supporting axle housing through a bolt; the wheel hub is mounted on the wheel-side axle housing through a bearing;

The hydraulic retarder part includes a stator impeller and a rotor impeller. Both the stator impeller and the rotor impeller are blade structures. The stator impeller has a liquid inlet channel, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet for the working fluid. The rotor impeller passes through the sun gear shaft. rotate with the wheel;

The multi-plate friction brake part includes a brake cylinder, a piston, a dynamic friction plate, a fixed friction pair steel plate and a wave return spring. The brake cylinder is fixed on the support axle housing, the piston is sleeved in the brake cylinder body, and the brake cylinder is The cover is integrated with the hydraulic retarder stator. The wave return spring is fitted between the brake piston and the brake cylinder cover, and is pressed by the brake cylinder cover. The inner hole spline groove of the dynamic friction plate is fitted with the hydraulic retarder. On the splines of the outer circle of the rotor impeller of the speed reducer, the outer splines of the fixed friction pair steel sheet are sleeved on the spline groove of the inner hole at the left end of the wheel side axle housing. It can slide freely, the fixed friction pair steel sheet at the left end is pressed by the piston, and the fixed friction pair steel sheet at the right end is pressed by the wheel side axle housing;

The speed-increasing mechanism part includes a planet carrier, a ring gear, a sun gear shaft and a planetary gear. The planetary carrier is connected to the hub and rotates with the wheel. The ring gear is installed on the wheel side axle housing. The wheel is installed on the planetary gear shaft on the planet carrier, and transmits the power to the sun gear shaft for speed increase.

Further, the hydraulic retarder is integrated with the multi-disc friction brake. The hydraulic retarder provides braking torque during long-term braking, and the multi-disc friction brake with fast response speed is used for braking during emergency braking.

Further, the multi-plate friction brake cylinder is fixed on the supporting axle housing, the brake cylinder cover and the stator impeller are designed as one piece, and the piston is returned by a wave spring.

Further, the inner hole spline groove of the dynamic friction plate is sleeved on the outer circle spline of the rotor impeller of the hydraulic retarder, and the outer circle spline of the fixed friction pair steel plate is sleeved on the inner hole spline groove of the wheel side axle housing.

Further, the blade parts of the stator impeller and the rotor impeller form a circulating circular working cavity, and a certain gap is maintained between the stator impeller and the rotor impeller; the blades of the stator impeller and the rotor impeller are straight blades, inclined blades or arc blades.

Further, the working fluid of the hydraulic retarder enters the multi-disc friction brake, and immerses the dynamic friction plate and the fixed friction pair steel plate to improve the heat dissipation efficiency.

Further, the working fluid of the hydraulic retarder consumes the kinetic energy of the vehicle and enters the axle cavity, uses the axle cavity to dissipate part of the heat, and then leads to the external radiator, and then enters the hydraulic retarder to form a cycle.

The present invention provides a multi-plate friction-hydraulic composite brake support bridge. The working principle is as follows:

The power of the wheels on both sides of the vehicle is transmitted to the planet carrier through the hub, which drives the planetary gear to rotate, and the power is transmitted to the sun gear through meshing transmission. When braking for a long time, the brake cylinder is not pressurized, the multi-disc friction brake does not work, the working fluid is pressed into the hydraulic retarder inlet channel from the inlet pipeline, and then from the inlet on the stator impeller. It enters the working chamber and is accelerated by the impeller of the rotor. Due to centrifugal action, the working fluid circulates in the circular working chamber of the retarder, and converts the kinetic energy of the vehicle into the internal energy of the liquid. The high-temperature working fluid flows out of the stator impeller. The liquid outlet flows out and enters the one-way valve at the end of the axle cavity through the liquid outlet channel on the support axle housing. After entering the axle cavity, part of the heat is dissipated, and then enters the external radiator for heat dissipation. The working fluid enters the retarder cycle again to achieve the effect of retarding braking; when the vehicle performs emergency braking, the working fluid enters the retarder from the liquid inlet pipeline, and the brake cylinder is pressurized at the same time, and the piston is under the action of air pressure. The fixed friction pair steel plate and the dynamic friction plate are mechanically braked by the top pressure. Because the air pressure reaction is fast, the mechanical braking is performed first, and then the working fluid enters the working space of the friction plate under the centrifugal action to cool the friction plate; non-braking In the state, the working fluid does not enter the retarder, the residual working fluid is discharged through the residual fluid outlet below, the wave return spring pushes the piston back, loosens the fixed friction pair steel plate and the dynamic friction plate, basically no braking torque is generated.

Compared with the prior art, the multi-plate friction-hydraulic composite brake support bridge of the present invention has the following advantages:

As an auxiliary braking device for automobiles, the invention innovatively integrates the hydraulic retarder and the multi-disc friction brake into the actuator part of the original drum brake of the supporting axle, removes the brake drum, and reduces the reduction of the whole axle. Quality, the innovative design of the wheel edge greatly improves the braking effect of the hydraulic retarder, the entire axle structure is highly integrated, and has both retarding and braking functions. The working fluid of the hydraulic retarder dissipates a part of the heat through the axle cavity and then goes to the external radiator for heat dissipation, which improves the heat dissipation effect. When braking for a long time, the hydraulic retarder is used to brake, which reduces the burden of vehicle braking; during emergency braking, the multi-disc friction device has a fast response speed, which can meet the needs of emergency braking and improve vehicle braking. At the same time, the working fluid of the hydraulic retarder can cool the friction plate to prevent its temperature from being too high and the braking performance from being reduced. The integrated multi-plate friction-hydraulic composite brake support bridge takes into account the retarding and braking functions, light weight, longer life, higher braking effect and safety.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view of a multi-plate friction-hydraulic composite brake support bridge according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a wheel side part assembly of a multi-plate friction-hydraulic composite brake support bridge of the present invention.

3 is a three-dimensional view of a supporting axle housing of a multi-plate friction-hydraulic composite brake supporting axle of the present invention.

4 is a three-dimensional view of a rotor impeller of a multi-plate friction-hydraulic composite brake support bridge according to the present invention.

5 is a three-dimensional view of a stator impeller of a multi-plate friction-hydraulic composite brake support bridge of the present invention.

6 is a three-dimensional view of a rotor assembly of a multi-plate friction-hydraulic composite brake support bridge of the present invention.

In the picture: 1 one-way valve, 2 supporting axle housing, 2-1 working fluid inlet, 2-2 air inlet, 2-3 fluid outlet channel, 2-4 residual fluid outlet, 3 brake cylinder, 4 piston, 5 wave return spring, 6 dynamic friction plate, 7 fixed friction pair steel plate, 8 wheel side axle housing, 9 wheel hub, 10 ring gear, 11 planet carrier, 12 planet gear, 13 sun gear shaft, 14 rotor impeller, 14-1 spline groove , 14-2 external spline, 15 circulation circle, 16 stator impeller, 16-1 liquid inlet channel, 16-2 liquid outlet, 16-3 liquid inlet, 16-4 brake cylinder head, 17 residual liquid Flow channel, 18 water channel isolation plate.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figure 1, it is an assembly diagram of a multi-plate friction-hydraulic composite brake support bridge of the present invention, including a support bridge part, a hydraulic retarder part, a multi-plate friction brake part, a speed increaser Institutional Section.

The supporting bridge part includes a supporting axle housing 2, a wheel side axle housing 8, and a wheel hub 9. The supporting axle housing 2 is provided with a working fluid inlet 2-1 and an air inlet 2-2 on the side close to the wheel side. The liquid inlet 2-1 enters the liquid inlet channel 16-1, and the water channel isolation plate 18 separates the liquid outlet channel 2-3 from the liquid inlet channel 16-1, and the two do not interfere with each other. The air inlet 2-2 is used for A check valve 1 is installed on the supporting axle housing 2 near the middle side of the axle; the wheel axle housing 8 is mounted on the sun gear shaft through bearings, and is connected with the supporting axle housing 2 by bolts. Connection, with a certain connection strength, the inner ring of the left end of the wheel side axle housing 8 is provided with a spline groove, which is used to install the fixed friction pair steel sheet 7; There are residual liquid outlets 2-4 at the corresponding positions of the shafts, which are used to discharge residual liquid and air; the hub 9 is installed on the wheel side axle housing 8 through bearings.

The hydraulic retarder part includes a rotor impeller 14 and a stator impeller 16. Both the stator impeller 14 and the rotor impeller 16 have blade structures; the stator impeller 16 has a liquid inlet channel 16-1 for working fluid, and the top two blades are in the middle. It is a liquid outlet 16-2, a certain number of liquid inlets 16-3 are evenly distributed on the blades, and a part of the outer circle of the stator impeller 16 protrudes to become a brake cylinder cover 16-4; the rotor impeller 14 has an outer circle spline 14- 2. For installing the dynamic friction plate, the rotor impeller 14 meshes with the sun gear shaft 13 through the spline groove 14-1 of the inner ring. The rotor wheel 14 and the stator wheel 16 form a working chamber with proper clearance.

The speed-increasing mechanism part includes a ring gear 10, a planetary carrier 11, a planetary wheel 12 and a sun gear shaft 13. The planetary carrier 11 is connected with the hub 9 and rotates with the wheel. The ring gear 10 is installed on the wheel side axle housing 8, and the planetary gear 12 is installed on the planetary gear shaft on the planet carrier 11. The sun gear and the transmission shaft are integrally designed. The power of the tire passes through the planetary gear 12, and the ring gear 10 and the sun gear shaft 13 are meshed to transmit the power to the sun gear shaft 13. and speed up;

The multi-plate friction brake part includes a brake cylinder 3, a piston 4, a wave return spring 5, a dynamic friction plate 6 and a fixed friction pair steel plate 7. The brake cylinder 3 is sleeved and fixed on the supporting axle housing 2, and the piston 4 It is sleeved in the body of the brake cylinder 3, and the brake cylinder 3 and the piston 4 have good sealing performance. The brake cylinder cover 16-4 and the hydraulic retarder stator impeller 16 are integrated structures, and the wave return spring 5 is sleeved Between the piston 4 and the brake cylinder cover 16-4, and pressed by the brake cylinder cover 16-4, the inner hole spline groove of the dynamic friction plate 6 is sleeved on the outer circle spline 14-2 of the hydraulic retarder rotor impeller On the upper side, the outer splines of the fixed friction pair steel sheet are sleeved on the inner hole spline groove of the wheel side axle housing 8. The dynamic friction sheet 6 and the fixed friction pair steel sheet 7 are arranged in sequence, and can slide for a certain distance in the axial direction. The fixed friction pair steel sheet 7 at the lower left end is pressed by the piston, and the fixed friction pair steel sheet 7 at the right end is pressed by the wheel side axle housing 8. In the non-working state, the wave return spring 5 pushes the piston 4 back, and the dynamic friction sheet 6 and the fixed friction There is a certain gap between the pair of steel sheets 7 .

As shown in FIG. 2 , it is a structure and liquid flow diagram of the wheel side part of a multi-plate friction-hydraulic composite brake supporting bridge of the present invention.

After the power of the wheel is accelerated by the speed increasing mechanism, it is transmitted to the rotor impeller 14 of the retarder through the sun gear shaft 13 . When braking for a long time, the working fluid enters the working chamber circulation circle 15 of the hydraulic retarder from the working fluid inlet 2-1 of the supporting axle housing. The kinetic energy is converted into the internal energy of the working fluid, the temperature of the working fluid rises, the high-temperature working fluid flows from the liquid outlet 16-2 of the stator impeller to the liquid outlet channel 2-3 on the support axle housing, and then the high-temperature working fluid flows to the vehicle through the check valve 1. Bridge cavity, and then flow to the external radiator, cooled by the radiator and returned to the liquid inlet pipeline to realize circulation. During emergency braking, the working fluid enters the working chamber circulation circle 15 of the hydraulic retarder from the working fluid inlet 2-1 of the supporting axle housing, and the air pressure is transmitted to the cylinder 3 through the air inlet 2-2 on the supporting axle housing. The piston 4 presses the friction plate under the action of air pressure, and the friction plate is compressed to generate a braking torque, and then the working fluid enters the working space of the friction plate through the gap between the rotor impeller 14 and the stator impeller 16 due to centrifugal action, and cools the friction plate . In the non-braking state, the wave return spring 5 pushes the piston 4 back to the leftmost end, and no braking torque is generated; the working fluid does not enter the hydraulic retarder, the residual fluid channel 17 at the lower end of the wheel axle housing and the supporting axle housing The lower residual liquid outlet 2-4 discharges the residual working liquid to reduce the idling loss.

As shown in FIG. 3 , it is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of a support axle housing of a multi-plate friction-hydraulic composite brake support bridge of the present invention. There is a liquid inlet 2-1 on the right side of the support axle housing, and the working fluid is pressed into the liquid inlet 2-1 by the liquid inlet pipeline, and then enters the stator impeller liquid inlet channel 16-1. The upper end of the right side of the support axle housing 2 is provided with a cylinder air inlet 2-2, which is used for air intake of the brake cylinder. A liquid outlet channel 2-3 is arranged on the right side wall of the supporting axle housing. A residual liquid outlet 2-4 is provided at the bottom of the right side of the support axle housing 2 for discharging residual working fluid and reducing idling loss.

As shown in FIG. 4 , it is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of a hydraulic retarder rotor of a multi-plate friction-hydraulic composite brake support bridge of the present invention. The left side of the rotor impeller 14 is an impeller structure, and a certain number of blades are evenly distributed to drive the working fluid to accelerate. There is a spline groove 14-1 in the inner hole of the rotor, which is connected with the sun gear shaft 13 and plays the role of transmitting power. The outer circle of the rotor is a spline structure 14-2, which is used to install the dynamic friction plate and transmit the braking torque.

As shown in FIG. 5 , it is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the stator of the hydraulic retarder of a multi-plate friction-hydraulic composite brake support bridge of the present invention. On the left side of the stator, there is a liquid inlet flow channel 16-1, which is separated from the liquid outlet flow channel 2-3 on the supporting axle housing by a water channel partition. The right side is the impeller structure, and a certain number of blades are evenly distributed to consume the kinetic energy of the working fluid. Some blades have liquid inlets 16-3, which are also evenly distributed. There is a liquid outlet 16-2 between the two blades at the top, and the high temperature working liquid is transported to the liquid outlet channel 2-3.

As shown in FIG. 6 , it is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of a hydraulic retarder rotor assembly of a multi-plate friction-hydraulic composite brake support bridge of the present invention. The dynamic friction plate 6 is connected with the rotor impeller 14 through splines, and rotates under the driving of the rotor impeller 14 . Each dynamic friction plate 6 has a fixed friction pair steel plate 7 at the left and right ends. When the brake cylinder 3 has no air pressure, the piston 4 does not press the friction plate, and there is a certain gap between the dynamic friction plate 6 and the fixed friction pair steel plate 7, and there is basically no braking torque. When the air pressure in the brake cylinder 3 increases, the piston presses The friction plate, the dynamic friction plate 6 and the fixed friction pair steel plate 7 rub to generate braking torque, which is transmitted to the rotor impeller through splines.

The above is only to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention, all within the spirit and principle of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc., should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a multi-plate friction-hydraulic composite brake support bridge is characterized in that: comprising a support bridge part, a hydraulic retarder part, a multi-plate friction brake part, a speed increasing mechanism part; a hydraulic retarder The part, the multi-disc friction brake part and the speed-increasing mechanism part are integrated and designed at the wheel edge; The supporting bridge part includes a supporting axle housing, a wheel-side axle housing, and a wheel hub; the wheel-side axle housing is mounted on the sun wheel shaft through a bearing, and is connected with the supporting axle housing through a bolt; the wheel hub is mounted on the wheel-side axle housing through a bearing; The hydraulic retarder part includes a stator impeller and a rotor impeller. Both the stator impeller and the rotor impeller are blade structures. The stator impeller has a liquid inlet channel, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet for the working fluid. The rotor impeller passes through the sun gear shaft. rotate with the wheel; The multi-plate friction brake part includes a brake cylinder, a piston, a dynamic friction plate, a fixed friction pair steel plate and a wave return spring. The brake cylinder is fixed on the support axle housing, the piston is sleeved in the brake cylinder body, and the brake cylinder is The cover is integrated with the hydraulic retarder stator. The wave return spring is fitted between the brake piston and the brake cylinder cover, and is pressed by the brake cylinder cover. The inner hole spline groove of the dynamic friction plate is fitted with the hydraulic retarder. On the splines of the outer circle of the rotor impeller of the speed reducer, the outer splines of the fixed friction pair steel sheet are sleeved on the spline groove of the inner hole at the left end of the wheel side axle housing. It can slide freely, the fixed friction pair steel sheet at the left end is pressed by the piston, and the fixed friction pair steel sheet at the right end is pressed by the wheel side axle housing; The speed-increasing mechanism part includes a planet carrier, a ring gear, a sun gear shaft and a planetary gear. The planetary carrier is connected to the hub and rotates with the wheel. The ring gear is installed on the wheel side axle housing. The wheel is installed on the planetary gear shaft on the planet carrier, and transmits the power to the sun gear shaft for speed increase. 2. A kind of multi-plate friction-hydraulic composite brake support bridge according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: hydraulic retarder and multi-plate friction brake are integrated design, when long-term braking, by hydraulic The retarder provides braking torque and relies on fast-response multi-disc friction brakes for braking during emergency braking. 3. A kind of multi-plate friction-hydraulic composite brake support bridge according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the multi-plate friction brake cylinder is fixed on the support axle housing, and the brake cylinder cover is integrated with the stator impeller Type design, using wave spring to return the piston. 4. A kind of multi-piece friction-hydraulic composite brake support bridge according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the blade parts of the stator impeller and the rotor impeller form a circular working cavity, and the stator impeller and the rotor impeller keep A certain clearance; the blades of the stator impeller and rotor impeller are straight blades, inclined blades or arc blades. 5. A kind of multi-plate friction-hydraulic composite brake support bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that: the working fluid of the hydraulic retarder enters the multi-plate friction brake, and the dynamic friction plate and the fixed friction pair are opposite to each other. The steel sheet is immersed for cooling to improve heat dissipation efficiency. 6 . The multi-plate friction-hydraulic composite brake support bridge according to claim 1 , wherein the working fluid of the hydraulic retarder consumes the kinetic energy of the vehicle and then enters the axle cavity, and uses the axle cavity. 7 . The body dissipates part of the heat, and then leads to the external radiator, and then enters the hydraulic retarder to form a circulation. 7. The multi-plate friction-hydraulic composite brake support bridge according to claim 1, wherein when the vehicle brakes for a long time, the multi-plate friction brake does not work, and the working fluid enters the hydraulic pressure The retarder consumes the kinetic energy of the vehicle and flows to the external radiator, and the cooled working fluid enters the retarder cycle again; when the vehicle performs emergency braking, the working fluid enters the retarder from the liquid inlet pipe, and the brake cylinder increases the speed of the retarder. Under the action of air pressure, the piston presses the fixed friction pair steel plate and the dynamic friction plate to mechanically brake, and then the working fluid enters the working space of the friction plate under the centrifugal action to cool the friction plate; in the non-braking state, the working When the fluid does not enter the retarder, the wave return spring pushes the piston back, loosens the fixed friction pair steel plate and the dynamic friction plate, and does not generate braking torque.

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